228:
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33:
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direction of the main mirror) was delayed when mission control did not initially receive confirmation that the sunshield cover had fully rolled up. After looking at extra data for confirmation, the team proceeded to extend the booms. The left side deployed in 3 hours and 19 minutes; the right side took 3 hours and 42 minutes. With that step, Webb's sunshield resembled its complete, kite-shaped form and extended to its full 47-foot width. Commands to separate and tension the membranes were to follow.
207:
318:
187:, which is stable from −269 to 400 °C (−450 to 750 °F). However the thin films are delicate – accidental tears during testing in 2018 were among the factors delaying the JWST project, and Kapton is known to degrade after long term exposure to Earth conditions. The sun-facing layer is .05 mm (0.002 in) thick, and the other layers are .025 mm (0.001 in) thick. All layers are coated on both sides with 100 nm of
1649:
1655:
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148:
337:) to correct and maintain JWST's orientation in space. The reaction wheels, in turn, will eventually become saturated and require fuel to desaturate, potentially limiting spacecraft lifetime. The trim tab, by helping keep the pressure balanced and hence limiting fuel usage, extends the working life of the telescope.
79:
The JWST sunshield is about 21 m × 14 m (69 ft × 46 ft), roughly the size of a tennis court, and is too big to fit in any existing rocket. Therefore, it was folded up to fit within the fairing of the launch rocket and was deployed post-launch, unfolding five layers of
353:
The layers are designed so the Sun, Earth, and Moon shine on layer one almost exclusively, sometimes a tiny portion of layer two, and on the other side that the telescope elements only see layer five and sometimes a tiny amount of layer four. The separation between layers, in the vacuum of space,
136:
Infrared is heat radiation. In order to see the faint glow of infrared heat from distant stars and galaxies, the telescope has to be very cold. If sunlight or the warm glow of the Earth heated the telescope, the infrared light emitted by the telescope would outshine its targets, and it wouldn’t be
427:
began the deployment of the two telescoping "mid-booms" from the left and right sides of the observatory, pulling the five sunshield membranes out of their folded stowage in the fore and aft pallets, which were lowered three days earlier. Deployment of the left side boom (in relation to pointing
218:
Each layer has a slightly different shape and size. Layer 5 is the closest to the primary mirror and is the smallest. Layer 1 is closest to the Sun and is bigger and flatter. The first layer blocks 90% of the heat, and each successive layer blocks more heat, which is reflected out the sides. The
431:
After taking New Year's Day off, the ground team delayed sunshield tensioning by one day to allow time to optimize the power output of the observatory's array of solar panels and to adjust the orientation of the observatory to cool the slightly-hotter-than-expected sunshield deployment motors.
383:
The sunshield component attaches to the main spacecraft, and its booms expand outward spreading out the heat shield and separating the layers. During launch the shield is folded up; later, when it is in space, it is carefully unfurled. When the sunshield is fully spread open, it is 14.6 meters
92:
coating which gives it a purple color, toughens the shield, and helps it reflect heat. The thickness of the aluminum coating is approximately 100 nanometers, and the silicon coating is even thinner at approximately 50 nanometers. The sunshield segment includes the layers and its deployment
219:
sunshield allows the optics to stay in shadow for pitch angles of +5° to −45° and roll angles of +5° to −5°. The layers are designed with
Thermal Spot Bond (TSB), with a grid pattern bonded to each layer at intervals. This helps stop a rip or hole from increasing in size should one occur.
408:
There are two stem deployers inside the telescoping booms. These are special electrical motors that, when operated, extended the telescopic boom, pulling out the folded sunshield. The telescopic booms are called the MBA, or mid-boom assemblies. At the end of each MBA is a spreader bar.
167:(−233 °C; −388 °F) or cooler, and is one of the enabling technologies that will allow the JWST to operate. The kite-shaped sunshield is about 21 by 14 metres (69 by 46 ft) in size, big enough to shade the main mirror and secondary mirror, leaving only one instrument, the
363:
242:
rocket's 4.57 m (15.0 ft) diameter by 16.19 m (53.1 ft) shroud. When it deployed at the L2 point, it unfolded to 21.197 m × 14.162 m (69.54 ft × 46.46 ft). The sunshield was hand-assembled at
1092:
308:
The bipod launch lock assemblies are where the sunshield segment connected to the OTE when it was folded up during launch. There are six spreader bars that expanded to separate the layers of the sunshield, which has roughly six sides.
967:
When we uncrated the spar in
September 2014, we discovered that after 40 years the Kapton®—the shiny, crinkly material you can often see on satellites and in this case the black material you can see in our photos—was in really poor
175:
and causes a temperature drop of 318 K (318 °C, 604 °F) from front to back. In operation the shield will receive about 200 kilowatts of solar radiation, but only pass 23 milliwatts to the other side.
263:
and then later unfolded. The sunshield was planned to be unfolded approximately one week after launch. During development the sunshield layer material was tested with heat, cold, radiation, and high-velocity micro impacts.
1623:
482:
2022 January 4, completion of tensioning/separating all five layers and the successful deployment of the JWST sunshield, ten days after launch and more than 0.8 million kilometers (500,000 mi) away from
76:(−233 °C; −388 °F). Its intricate deployment was successfully completed on January 4, 2022, ten days after launch, when it was more than 0.8 million kilometers (500,000 mi) away from Earth.
366:
376:
370:
369:
365:
364:
371:
1131:
1091:
Arenberg, J.; Flynn, J.; Cohen, A.; Lynch, R.; Cooper, J. (August 9, 2016). MacEwen, Howard A; Fazio, Giovanni G; Lystrup, Makenzie; Batalha, Natalie; Siegler, Nicholas; Tong, Edward C (eds.).
440:
p.m. EST and took 2 hours and 25 minutes. On
January 4, 2022, controllers successfully tensioned the last two layers, four and five, completing the task of deploying the JWST sunshield at 11:59
1700:
80:
metal-coated plastic. The first layer is the largest, and each consecutive layer decreases in size. Each layer is made of a thin (50 microns for the first layer, 25 microns for the others)
368:
1585:
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The sunshield segment also includes a trim flap at the end of a sunshield deployment boom. This is also called the momentum trim tab. The trim tab helps balance out
227:
105:
In this artists view, a stylized portrayal of the orientation of the telescope, shows how the sunshield blocks sunlight from heating the main mirror. (not to scale)
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Animation sequence for the deployment of the sunshield. To see how the sunshield deployment fits within the entire sequence of deployments on the spacecraft, see
345:
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1605:
520:
999:
367:
109:
To make observations in the near and mid infrared spectrum, the JWST must be kept very cold (under 40 K (−233 °C; −388 °F)), otherwise
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384:(48 ft) wide by 21.1 meters (69 ft) long. When the layers are fully open, they are opened wider at the edges which helps reflect heat out.
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Tensioning of layer one, closest to the Sun and largest of the five in the sunshield, began on 2022 January 3 and was completed at 3:48
354:
prevents heat transfer by conduction and aids in radiating heat out of the way. Silicon doping of the material causes the purple hue.
333:
striking the sunshield. If this pressure is uneven, the spacecraft will tend to rotate, requiring its reactions wheels (located in the
870:
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199:" with other elements. This helps the material survive in space, radiate excess heat, and to conduct electricity, so a
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1302:
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53:
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45:
37:
151:
The temperature differences between the hot and cold sides of the James Webb Space
Telescope five-layer sunshield.
1674:
260:
256:
1447:
951:
132:
avoids the shadow of the Earth and Moon, maintaining a constant environment for the sunshield and solar arrays.
101:
238:
designed the sunshield for NASA. The sunshield is designed to be folded twelve times so it can fit within the
32:
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196:
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1799:
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244:
172:
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782:
1107:
1188:
462:
2018 March 27, NASA announced the presence of tears in the sunshield, contributing to launch delays.
1836:
1706:
1212:
1182:
Kinzel, Wayne. Momentum
Management Operations Concept (Report). Space Telescope Science Institute.
470:
424:
413:
248:
476:
2021 December 31, initial deployment of the telescoping booms to support and unfurl the sunshield.
206:
1123:
503:
498:
326:
317:
56:
deployed post-launch to shield the telescope and instrumentation from the light and heat of the
601:
179:
The sunshield has five layers to mitigate the conduction of heat. These layers are made of the
1034:
1000:"NASA James Webb Space Telescope's Sunshield Successfully Unfolds and Tensions in Final Tests"
160:
69:
479:
2022 January 3, initial tensioning and separating of the first three layers of the sunshield.
1115:
923:
816:(Report). 2015 US Frontiers of Engineering: Engineering the Search for Earth-like Exoplanets
391:
252:
235:
211:
1648:
874:
702:
627:
124:
Lagrange point keeps all three bodies on the same side of the spacecraft at all times. Its
117:
to block light and heat from the Sun, Earth, and Moon, and its position near the Sun-Earth
506:(also blocks sunlight, but for observing exoplanets obscured by their bright parent star)
1654:
1111:
1825:
1753:
453:
2007 or before, Technology
Readiness Level (TRL) 6 achieved for the sunshield membrane.
118:
113:
from the telescope itself would overwhelm its instruments. Therefore, it uses a large
1869:
1830:
1127:
1102:. Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave.
200:
191:, and the Sun-facing sides of the outermost two layers are also coated with 50 nm of
89:
810:
756:
1052:
1741:
982:"This Sunshield Will Keep the World's Most Powerful Space Telescope from Frying"
493:
114:
17:
1558:
125:
1563:
1038:
1820:
1759:
1747:
665:
188:
180:
142:
NASA Deputy Senior
Project Scientist for the Webb Telescope at Goddard, 2008
231:
Coupons of
Sunshield test fabric being tested to see how they perform, 2012
1433:"Final layer of sunshield completed for NASA's James Webb Space Telescope"
1765:
416:, the post-launch deployment of the JWST sunshield proceeded as follows.
239:
184:
110:
85:
1532:"'We nailed it!' Webb clears major hurdle with full sunshade deployment"
1638:
1624:
Fine
Guidance Sensor and Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph
1119:
330:
192:
156:
1473:"NASA's Webb Telescope Launches to See First Galaxies, Distant Worlds"
1633:
1559:
Engineering the James Webb Space
Telescope Section The JWST Sunshield
509:
280:
Momentum trim tab (the tab is attached to the aft structure assembly)
164:
81:
73:
512:(also used deployed expanding fabric/layer sun-shield in the 1970s)
68:. By keeping the telescope and instruments in permanent shadow, it
898:"Sunshield Successfully Deploys on NASA's Next Flagship Telescope"
727:
543:"Sunshield Successfully Deploys on NASA's Next Flagship Telescope"
361:
344:
316:
226:
205:
146:
100:
61:
31:
436:
p.m. EST. Tensioning of the second and third layers began at 4:09
1782:
1242:"Super-Tough Sunshield to Fly on the James Webb Space Telescope"
783:"Super-Tough Sunshield to Fly on the James Webb Space Telescope"
65:
1567:
1213:"Testing the Fold: The James Webb Space Telescope's Sunshield"
57:
1448:"NASA Delays Launch of James Webb Space Telescope Until 2020"
596:
594:
592:
590:
570:"NASA nails trickiest job on newly launched space telescope"
1329:"James Webb Space Telescope successfully deploys sunshield"
40:
with the sunshield protecting the main optics from sunlight
1407:"Webb Team Tensions Fifth Layer, Sunshield Fully Deployed"
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
349:
The five layers of the JWST sunshield being tested in 2013
88:
for reflectivity. The outermost Sun-facing layers have a
1503:"Critical Step as Webb Space Telescope Deploys Sunshield"
1157:"James Webb Space Telescope's Aft Momentum Flap Deployed"
1100:
Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
1274:"With Webb's Mid-Booms Extended, Sunshield Takes Shape"
412:
After a successful launch on 2021 December 25 from the
210:
Test unit of the sunshield stacked and expanded at the
1381:"Second and Third Layers of Sunshield Fully Tightened"
925:"NASA announces more delays for giant space telescope"
456:
2016 September 11, first layer of sunshield completed.
259:
for testing. During launch it was wrapped around the
159:
allowing the main mirror, optics, and instruments to
459:
2016 November 2, the final fifth layer is completed.
304:
Two forward and two aft bipod launch lock assemblies
171:, in need of extra cooling. The sunshield acts as a
1813:
1775:
1734:
1717:
1693:
1662:
1614:
755:. Space Telescope Science Institute. Archived from
321:
Diagram of roll limits and how they impact pointing
1496:
1494:
1022:
865:
863:
652:
650:
648:
387:Sunshield deployment structure/devices include:
27:Main cooling system for the infrared observatory
1525:
1523:
537:
535:
134:
93:mechanisms, which also includes the trim flap.
36:Illustration of the deployed "hot" side of the
465:2021 December 25, successful launching of the
299:Mid-spreader bars (spreads the 5 layers apart)
283:Aft spreader bars (spreads layers in the rear)
1579:
1236:
1234:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1093:"Status of the JWST sunshield and spacecraft"
837:
835:
833:
831:
419:On December 31, 2021, the ground team at the
8:
1296:
1294:
697:
695:
1355:"First Layer of Webb's Sunshield Tightened"
1267:
1265:
1263:
1024:"JWST Sunshade Folding, Deployment In Test"
873:. Huntsville, Ala.: Nexolve. Archived from
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
1586:
1572:
1564:
1303:"First of Two Sunshield Mid-Booms Deploys"
804:
802:
800:
776:
774:
521:Timeline of the James Webb Space Telescope
1187:
1021:Morring, Frank Jr. (December 16, 2013).
1411:James Webb Space Telescope (NASA Blogs)
1385:James Webb Space Telescope (NASA Blogs)
1359:James Webb Space Telescope (NASA Blogs)
1307:James Webb Space Telescope (NASA Blogs)
1278:James Webb Space Telescope (NASA Blogs)
531:
952:"Restoring the Apollo Telescope Mount"
664:. NASA. September 2008. Archived from
267:Components of the sunshield include:
7:
1670:Integrated Science Instrument Module
1501:Dickinson, David (January 4, 2022).
1301:Lynch, Patrick (December 31, 2021).
1272:Lynch, Patrick (December 31, 2021).
1030:Aviation Week & Space Technology
980:Ferreira, Becky (October 20, 2014).
1675:Optical Telescope Element (mirrors)
950:Willey, Scott (December 10, 2015).
1530:Clark, Stephen (January 5, 2022).
1379:Lynch, Patrick (January 3, 2022).
203:does not build up on the layers.
72:to their design temperature of 40
25:
1793:Space Telescope Science Institute
1431:Sharkey, Jim (November 2, 2016).
1327:Zastrow, Mark (January 5, 2022).
1002:. SciTechDaily. December 20, 2020
847:Space Telescope Science Institute
421:Space Telescope Science Institute
1850:
1849:
1653:
1647:
922:Clery, Daniel (March 27, 2018).
896:Potter, Sean (January 4, 2022).
781:Gutro, Rob (November 12, 2008).
568:Dunn, Marcia (January 5, 2022).
1446:Lewin, Sarah (March 27, 2018).
1405:Fox, Karen (January 4, 2022).
1353:Fox, Karen (January 3, 2022).
811:The James Webb Space Telescope
662:The James Webb Space Telescope
274:Front and aft four-bar linkage
169:MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument)
1:
956:National Air and Space Museum
602:"Sunshield Membrane Coatings"
296:Mid-booms (one on each side)
214:facility in California, 2014
155:The sunshield acts as large
1788:Goddard Space Flight Center
313:Trim flap/momentum trim tab
288:Forward structure assembly
251:before it was delivered to
1892:
1876:James Webb Space Telescope
1639:Near-Infrared Spectrograph
1595:James Webb Space Telescope
606:James Webb Space Telescope
516:Spacecraft thermal control
467:James Webb Space Telescope
46:James Webb Space Telescope
38:James Webb Space Telescope
1845:
1645:
1601:
628:"The Sunshield Webb/NASA"
261:Optical Telescope Element
257:Redondo Beach, California
1701:Launch and commissioning
1725:Webb's First Deep Field
1629:Mid-Infrared Instrument
277:Aft structure assembly
1435:. SpaceFlight Insider.
380:
350:
322:
232:
223:Design and manufacture
215:
152:
145:
106:
54:thermal control system
41:
1805:Canadian Space Agency
1800:European Space Agency
703:"About The Sunshield"
374:
348:
320:
291:Forward spreader bars
230:
209:
150:
137:able to see anything.
104:
84:membrane coated with
35:
1634:Near-Infrared Camera
1137:on December 21, 2016
877:on December 21, 2016
668:on October 13, 2008.
658:"The Webb Update #5"
1837:List of deep fields
1707:Ariane flight VA256
1507:skyandtelescope.org
1479:. December 25, 2021
1248:. November 12, 2008
1163:. December 30, 2021
1112:2016SPIE.9904E..05A
759:on February 3, 2014
471:Guiana Space Center
425:Baltimore, Maryland
414:Guiana Space Center
249:Huntsville, Alabama
70:allows them to cool
1219:. December 3, 2012
1120:10.1117/12.2234481
1053:"About Webb Orbit"
1033:. pp. 48–49.
504:New Worlds Mission
381:
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323:
233:
216:
153:
111:infrared radiation
107:
42:
1863:
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549:. January 4, 2022
392:telescoping booms
372:
245:ManTech (NeXolve)
173:V-groove radiator
16:(Redirected from
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1606:Timeline of JWST
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1130:. Archived from
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18:Sunshield (JWST)
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488:See also
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189:aluminum
185:Kapton E
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