385:, it was rare to find a resident who had finished the equivalent of grade school. Next, most of the island's history was not recorded ā it was passed down orally. Finally, and probably most prevalent, the island's history was consistently manipulated, suppressed, and influenced by those who were its current rulers. For example, even the island's name changed at least three times (Sansagus, Sansego, and Susak) depending on which government controlled it. For these reasons, it is difficult to precisely piece together the island's history.
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Slavic state (the
Republic of Croatia in the Yugoslav Federation). The inhabitants of Susak-Sansego spoke in a local idiom, with both Romance and Slavic vocabulary. Faced with poverty, famine, and lack of employment opportunities, along with the desire for a better life, the island experienced a mass exodus between 1948 through the mid-1960s directly due to the political climate and nationalist policies. After World War II,
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466:(as a summer resort for wealthier Roman citizens). While there is little or no surviving evidence from Susak supporting this claim, there are ancient remains - including buildings, mosaics, coins, and burial sarcophagi - on other islands surrounding Susak. The latest Susak would have been settled is during the
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Susak's inhabitants immigrated to the United States for two main reasons. First, they believed that the United States would be able to offer them better opportunities for wealth, employment, education, and standard of living. Second, the majority of the people who emigrated from Susak prior to World
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of these new
Italian territories. On Susak, for example, the Italian government changed the spellings and pronunciations of several of the island's surnames. Tarabokija became Tarabocchia; PiciniÄ became Picini. Immigrants from Susak would give Italian as their ethnicity and non-Croatians themselves
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Italians in the Julian region were under extreme pressure to leave after the war, especially following the mass killings of
Italians in nearby Istria. The Croat and Slovenian nationalists in the socialist government sought to impose collective punishment on the Italians after the annexation to the
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and the many cultures that have governed it through the years, the people from Susak have many unique traditions. Some traditions are exclusively the island's own (such as the island's language and the fanciful clothing). Other traditions, such as cuisine, are a blend of the diverse customs from
901:. Between June and September, several hundred tourists visit the island each day, overnight or on day-long excursions. In the peak of the tourist season, in July and August, the island's population swells up to 1,500. A boost to Susak's tourism was the Susak Expo ā an international annual
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Male costumes from Susak are less ornate than their female counterparts. Men traditionally wear dark trousers and a dark vest over a long-sleeved, white, collared shirt. The outfit is completed by a soft, dark cap and may be accentuated with a colorful belt or ribbons on the vest.
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Susak's history is a rich and complex story. Unfortunately, little of it prior to the 20th century is known. This is a result of mainly three factors. First, few of Susak's inhabitants prior to the 20th century had formal education. Before the massive exodus off the island after
966:. The outfit is accentuated by pink or orange woolen stockings, leather shoes, and a headpiece that matches the colors of the skirt. When wearing this traditional outfit, women generally place one or both hands on their hips to emphasize the dress's uniqueness.
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which grows in abundance on the island. A small percentage of natives still reside on the island which has increasingly become a popular tourist destinationāespecially during the peak summer months. Many of the people from Susak currently live in the
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Susak is perhaps best known for the ornate and elaborate costumes worn by younger women primarily for special occasions such as a wedding or feast days. The costume is made up of a short, brightly, almost neon-colored skirt with multiple ruffled
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The people from Susak speak a distinct dialect that is heard only on the island and among the older generation of the island's emigrants. Additionally, most of the island's population over the age of 60, to varying degrees, speaks
Italian.
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There are only about a dozen surnames from Susak. The engravings on the island's white tombstones boast these names (or some form of them): BusaniÄ, HronÄiÄ, Lister, MateÅ”iÄ, MirkoviÄ, Morin, PiciniÄ, Sutora, SkrivaniÄ, and
Tarabokija.
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on the island, which would be dedicated to Saint
Michael and Nicholas. The Benedictine monks governed Susak until sometime between the 12th century and 1267. 1267 is the year in which Istria became a territory of the
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and it is likely that Susak was also ceded to the
Venetians at or around the same time. The monastery was operational from the 11th century until 1770 when the new Church of Saint Nicholas was built on its place.
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new government required that all able men work for a period of time without payment. Many of the
Sansegots (people from Susak), more than 80 percent of the population, had left the island by the mid-1960s.
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coast. Susak is about 3 km (1.9 mi) long and 1.5 km (0.9 mi) wide, and covers an area of approximately 3.8 square kilometers (1.5 sq mi). Susak's highest elevation point,
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Older and working women generally wear darker, longer skirts without ruffled petticoats. They wear white or dark, long-sleeved shirts, a short veil to cover their hair, and dark, woolen stockings.
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detail a settlement on Susak. In 1593, Christiaan
Sgrooten was the first to chart a settlement on the island. In the late 17th century, the cartographer Cornellius mentioned a tower on Susak:
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During a period of mourning - generally following the death of a close family member such as a spouse, parent, sibling, or child - people from Susak wear all black for a period of time.
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414:. Medea's brother found them, however, and fell into a trap she had laid: he was chopped into pieces and thrown into the sea where his body parts formed the many islets surrounding
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rock base. The way sand appeared on the island has not been fully settled: while some scientists speculate that Susak formed as a result of sediment deposits from the river
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between 1936 and 1969 when a cooperative wine cellar aided in the production and manufacturing of the beverages. At one time, there was also a fish cannery on the island.
394:"In Antiquity, when the archipelago was home to a Greek colony, the islands were called the Absyrtides. This is because, according to an episode in the legend of the
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After
Napoleon's exile, the Austrian Empire annexed Susak and much of the region per a Viennese congressional resolution. The Austrian Empire and subsequently the
1031:(a throw-back from when the island was under the rule of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), or losi, a fried pastry made with flour and sprinkled with powdered sugar.
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For much of the island's history, Susak's inhabitants supported themselves by making wine, farming, and fishing. The islanders produced a significant quantity of
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ceding the land between Istria and Dalmatia (including Susak) to Austria. The proposed secession of this land to Austria was ratified on October 17, 1797, by the
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1020:- is popular fare due to its relative abundance. Lamb and pork cooked on an open fire are also popular but are generally reserved for special occasions.
709:, farmers, fishermen, or some combination of all three occupations. Today, the island's emigrants and descendants hold a wide variety of professions from
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1194:"Coastline lengths and areas of islands in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea determined from the topographic maps at the scale of 1 : 25 000"
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would spell Tarabocchia instead of Tarabokija since the Austro-Hungarian government had spent many efforts to reduce the Italian population.
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The islanders have a custom of referring to each other by nicknames, and the outsiders who visit Susak are often given a nickname too.
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gave Susak and several other territories to the relatively new nation of Italy. The Italian government under the fascist government of
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1662:. Djela Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti (in Croatian). Vol. 49. Zagreb: Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts.
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Slide show of a wedding held on the island in 1957 - notice the traditional and elaborate outfits (particularly worn by women)
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Susak was likely governed by the Croatian Kingdom during the 10th and 11th centuries. In or around 1071, the Croatian King
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and took control of the area including Susak. The Nazis remained on the island until the end of World War II in 1945.
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Susak's inhabitants reside in a single settlement of the same name. The settlement has two parts: atop a small hill,
674:. As of 2011, Susak had only 151 residents with approximately 2,500 emigrants or descendants of emigrants living in
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The island is geologically different from other Adriatic islands in that it is mostly formed of fine sand laid on a
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1244:"Nevjerojatna i tužna priÄa o jednom od naÅ”ih najizoliranijih otoka koji je u zavrÅ”noj fazi demografske katastrofe"
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Otok Susak: zemlja, voda, ljudi, gospodarstvo, druÅ”tveni razvitak, govor, noÅ”nja, graÄevine, pjesma i zdravlje
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On June 25, 1991, Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia and Susak remained a part of the newly formed
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Between the 13th and 18th centuries, Susak is mentioned in various documents, charts, and official papers of
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origin. Due to the porous soil, there are no permanent water streams or other bodies of water on the island.
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1324:. Stephen Trzaskoma, R. Scott Smith, Stephen Brunet, Thomas G. Palaima, Hackett Publishing. p. 223.
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By the mid-1960s, Susak had become almost completely depopulated with its main town in virtual ruin.
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in 844 destroying a fleet of Venetian ships. The surviving ships were said to have fled to Sansego.
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is Susak's main industry although some wine is still produced - particularly a red wine called
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wrote the earliest surviving text referencing Susak in the early 11th century. He wrote about
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island of Susak is 7.4 kilometers (4.6 mi; 4.0 nmi) southwest from the island of
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There is speculation that Susak has been settled for at least two thousand years by
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Between 1948 and the early 1960s, the island's population plummeted because of the
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ruled over the island for the next 100 years from roughly 1815 through the end of
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to escape pursuit by Absyrtus, the sorceress's brother, after they had stolen the
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1557:. Budapest: Geographical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. 2003.
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cited a settlement on Susak with a church, harbor, and several coves and capes.
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After the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I, the 1919
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is the lower part of the village adjacent to the seashore and small harbor.
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is the older part of the village where the island's church is located; and
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underneath which gives the wearer the appearance that she is dressed in a
644:. Around the middle of the 20th century, Susak experienced a mass exodus.
426:, who had come with them, remained here and founded the city of Absoris."
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512:. Around 1280, the oldest surviving nautical chart mentioning Susak, the
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was next to rule Susak. Venetian rule lasted until April 17, 1797, when
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Susak - Environmental Reconstruction of a Loess Island in the Adriatic
962:. A similar-colored vest is generally worn over a long-sleeved, white
694:, people from Susak can be found living throughout the United States.
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FilipoviÄ, Rudolf (1997). Eliasson, Stig; Jahr, Ernst (eds.).
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Italian sovereignty of Susak ended in September 1943 when the
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during that time period (circa 500 CE through circa 1000 CE).
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1466:[Potable water public supply on the island of Susak]
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1745:
1497:[The island of Susak - prospects of revitalization]
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DuplanÄiÄ Leder, Tea; UjeviÄ, Tin; Äala, Mendi (June 2004).
1321:
Anthology of classical myth: primary sources in translation
329:, and 120 kilometers (75 mi; 65 nmi) east of the
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View of the town beach from the Susak village on the hill
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Two women from Susak proudly show off their day's catch
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1464:"Opskrbljivanje stanovniŔtva otoka Suska pitkom vodom"
1156:
Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021
632:
formally ended World War II. Susak became part of the
1602:
The Struggle to Maintain Croatian Dialects in the U.S
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were said to have taken refuge here on the island of
835:
War II had moved to the United States, primarily to
1993:
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1821:
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Woman from Susak wearing "everyday" garb circa 1940
518:is published. Between the 16th and 18th centuries,
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815:Expulsion of ethnic Italians and exile to America
435:The name of Susak is believed to be derived from
1706:Island of Susak - touristic information - houses
988:A plate of losi, a fried pastry made with lemons
705:, most if not all of the inhabitants labored as
1530:Susak - the Island of Sand, Reed and Vineyards
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917:Due to its significant distance from mainland
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713:to conductors and from engineers to lawyers.
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8:
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1532:] (in Croatian). Susak: Parish office.
1008:cooking. Seafood ā especially fish such as
992:Susak's cuisine combines a unique blend of
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1761:
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22:
2622:Landforms of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County
1526:Susak - otok pijeska, trstike i vinograda
1216:
1125:Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography
1089:Learn how and when to remove this message
881:The Susak village has very narrow streets
455:, and finally adopted by Slavs as Susak.
1495:"Otok Susak ā moguÄnosti revitalizacije"
1143:
1141:
1052:This article includes a list of general
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1711:Island of Susak - touristic information
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1430:
1411:
1390:
1344:
1316:Gaius Julius Hyginus, Stephen Trzaskoma
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1023:For dessert, the people of Susak enjoy
905:event attracting leading, contemporary
623:Operation Zone of the Adriatic Littoral
565:Illyrian provinces of Napoleon's Empire
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609:Map of Croatia based on 2004 U.N. map
7:
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443:), which was later transformed into
272:) is a small island on the northern
1690:StrciÄ, Petar; et al. (1996).
1359:"Zvonko's Travels: Island of Susak"
559:Although Susak was now part of the
1058:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
535:After the Benedictine monks, the
138:3.8 km (1.5 sq mi)
2582:
1741:Otok Susak (site is in Croatian)
1043:
183:
63:
56:
1493:SokoliÄ, Julijano (July 1994).
1292:Croatia and the Dalmatian Coast
684:New York City metropolitan area
591:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
584:Austrian Littoral or KĆ¼stenland
1694:. Zagreb: Laurana & Trsat.
1462:OstojiÄ, Borislav (May 2002).
371:Canegrass growing on the beach
1:
1160:Croatian Bureau of Statistics
642:Socialist Republic of Croatia
555:Napoleon through modern times
64:
2330:Inhabited islands of Croatia
1658:MirkoviÄ, Mijo, ed. (1957).
1562:Bousfield, Jonathan (2003).
2617:Islands of the Adriatic Sea
1643:. Footprint Travel Guides.
235:36.57/km (94.72/sq mi)
2638:
1564:The Rough Guide to Croatia
1524:TurÄiÄ, Don Antun (1998).
1027:filled with jam or fruit,
818:
431:Antiquity through Napoleon
154:2.3 km (1.43 mi)
146:3.6 km (2.24 mi)
15:
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1751:Folk Costumes from Istria
1692:Croatian Adriatic Islands
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1716:Official Susak Expo site
821:Istrian-Dalmatian exodus
528:. In 1771, cartographer
525:Villa e torre di Sansego
16:Not to be confused with
1667:Oliver, Jeanne (2005).
1123:(in Croatian). Zagreb:
1073:more precise citations.
576:Austro-Hungarian Empire
245:Street view of the town
162:98 m (322 ft)
2151:Smokvica Vela (Kornat)
1746:Istria on the Internet
1509:(4ā5 (12ā13)): 503ā515
1503:DruŔtvena Istraživanja
1290:Knopf, Alfred (2005).
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913:Customs and traditions
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895:and a dry rosƩ called
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549:Treaty of Campo Formio
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372:
257:
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159:Highest elevation
1639:Foster, Jane (2004).
1604:. Walter de Gruyter.
1218:10.15291/geoadria.127
1120:Croatian Encyclopedia
987:
948:
880:
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462:, Greek sailors, and
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313:and southeast of the
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205:Primorje-Gorski Kotar
1373:"Chrisiaan Sgrooten"
941:Costume and clothing
634:Socialist Yugoslavia
615:Allies invaded Italy
1583:Susak Conversations
1581:Jo, Melvin (2006).
837:Hoboken, New Jersey
692:Hoboken, New Jersey
688:northern New Jersey
649:Republic of Croatia
478:Giovanni the Deacon
115: /
25:
2612:Islands of Croatia
1721:Susak Klapa Online
1449:, pp. 388ā389
1357:Springer, Zvonko.
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630:Paris Peace Treaty
611:
569:Napoleon's Illyria
541:Napoleon Bonaparte
537:Republic of Venice
502:Republic of Venice
373:
337:is 98 metres (322
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211:Largest settlement
167:Highest point
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1813:Inhabited islands
1675:. Lonely Planet.
1641:Footprint Croatia
1592:978-1-905659-02-9
1331:978-0-87220-721-9
1256:. 22 October 2017
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686:(particularly in
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468:early Middle Ages
453:Romance languages
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119:44.517Ā°N 14.300Ā°E
30:Nickname: Sansego
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1566:. Rough Guides.
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42:Village of Susak
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1585:. Susak Press.
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1548:Further reading
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1505:(in Croatian).
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1474:(in Croatian).
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1808:Complete list
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1682:1-74059-487-8
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1650:1-903471-79-6
1646:
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1611:3-11-014688-6
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1573:1-84353-084-8
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1539:953-96752-1-9
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1433:, p. 389
1432:
1428:
1423:
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1414:, p. 388
1413:
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1301:0-375-71112-0
1297:
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1249:Jutarnji list
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1006:Mediterranean
1003:
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986:
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680:United States
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
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652:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
628:In 1947, the
626:
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596:
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531:
526:
521:
520:cartographers
517:
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511:
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498:
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485:
483:
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469:
465:
461:
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454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
430:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:golden fleece
409:
405:
401:
397:
388:
386:
384:
375:
369:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
304:
302:
300:
299:United States
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
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271:
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263:
259:
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251:
243:
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201:
197:
193:
192:
178:
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161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
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137:
133:
128:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
81:
59:
50:
46:
39:
34:
27:
19:
2541:Vele Srakane
2525:
2441:Male Srakane
2366:Drvenik Veli
2361:Drvenik Mali
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2249:Archipelagos
2206:Vele Srakane
2170:
2016:Drvenik Mali
1880:Drvenik Veli
1691:
1670:
1659:
1640:
1601:
1582:
1563:
1554:
1529:
1525:
1511:. Retrieved
1506:
1502:
1480:. Retrieved
1478:(1): 387ā408
1475:
1471:
1447:OstojiÄ 2002
1438:
1431:OstojiÄ 2002
1412:OstojiÄ 2002
1391:OstojiÄ 2002
1367:
1352:
1345:SokoliÄ 1994
1340:
1320:
1310:
1291:
1285:
1278:SokoliÄ 1994
1258:. Retrieved
1247:
1222:. Retrieved
1204:
1200:
1187:
1180:OstojiÄ 2002
1155:
1128:. Retrieved
1118:
1085:
1076:
1057:
1022:
991:
975:
971:
968:
952:
936:
932:
916:
884:
865:
854:
833:
828:Yugoslavia's
824:
711:longshoremen
703:World War II
700:
696:
669:
664:
660:
658:
646:
638:Marshal Tito
627:
612:
588:
573:
568:
564:
558:
534:
515:Carta Pisana
513:
507:
495:to build an
486:
476:
457:
448:
444:
436:
434:
393:
383:World War II
379:
347:
334:
308:
289:
281:
280:. The name
269:
249:
248:
232:Pop. density
219:Demographics
181:
92:Adriatic Sea
2253:Cres-LoŔinj
2201:Vele Orjule
2181:Sveti Grgur
2086:Mali Brijun
2001:Arta Velika
1930:PrviÄ (Krk)
1822:> 100 km
1794:islands of
1756:Susak Press
1731:Sansego.net
1445:, cited in
1443:TurÄiÄ 1998
1429:, cited in
1427:TurÄiÄ 1998
1410:, cited in
1408:TurÄiÄ 1998
1071:introducing
960:ballet tutu
766:Population
661:Gornje Selo
580:World War I
571:for short.
543:signed the
439:(Greek for
311:Kvarner Bay
122: /
98:Coordinates
2606:Categories
2061:Kurba Vela
1260:22 October
1224:2019-12-26
1158:. Zagreb:
1079:April 2009
1054:references
1035:References
956:petticoats
898:trojiÅÄina
676:New Jersey
665:Donje Selo
655:Population
597:began the
437:sampsychon
227:139 (2021)
224:Population
2371:Dugi Otok
2280:Paklinski
2266:Elaphites
2021:Goli Otok
1868:10ā100 km
1839:Dugi Otok
1630:ignored (
1620:cite book
1149:"Results"
1025:Palacinke
892:pleskunac
460:Illyrians
424:Kolchians
396:Argonauts
350:limestone
305:Geography
276:coast of
83:Geography
2571:Zverinac
2506:Sestrunj
2236:Zverinac
2196:Tun Veli
2076:Levrnaka
1940:Sestrunj
1792:Adriatic
1318:(2004).
1211:: 5ā32.
1201:Geoadria
1014:mackerel
1010:sardines
1002:Austrian
998:Croatian
924:southern
707:vintners
489:KreŔimir
482:Saracens
449:sansacus
445:sansegus
441:marjoram
319:Croatian
292:meaning
290:Sansegus
274:Adriatic
88:Location
2481:Premuda
2426:Lastovo
2416:Krapanj
2411:KorÄula
2401:KoloÄep
2396:Kaprije
2273:Kornati
2259:Brijuni
2116:Premuda
2111:Plavnik
2101:PiŔkera
2066:Lavdara
2056:KoloÄep
2046:Kaprije
2036:Jakljan
1994:1ā10 km
1895:Lastovo
1849:KorÄula
1806:Lists:
1796:Croatia
1671:Croatia
1513:14 July
1482:12 July
1456:Sources
1162:. 2022.
1130:14 July
1115:"Susak"
1067:improve
1029:strudel
1018:grouper
994:Italian
964:chemise
919:Croatia
907:artists
887:tourism
885:Today,
843:Economy
701:Before
408:Minerva
376:History
358:ice age
331:Italian
315:Istrian
294:oregano
282:Sansego
278:Croatia
258:Sansego
254:Italian
191:Croatia
110:14Ā°18ā²E
107:44Ā°31ā²N
2566:Zlarin
2556:Vrgada
2531:Ugljan
2501:Rivanj
2476:PaŔman
2466:OŔljak
2456:Murter
2436:LoŔinj
2406:Kornat
2381:Ilovik
2341:BiŔevo
2231:Zmajan
2226:Zlarin
2216:Vrgada
2176:Svetac
2156:Å karda
2141:Å Äedro
2136:Rivanj
2121:Prežba
2106:Planik
2096:MrÄara
2051:Katina
2026:Ilovik
2006:BiŔevo
1960:Ugljan
1925:PaŔman
1915:Murter
1900:LoŔinj
1890:Kornat
1679:
1647:
1608:
1589:
1570:
1536:
1328:
1298:
1152:(xlsx)
1056:, but
1016:, and
1004:, and
861:grappa
636:under
617:. The
464:Romans
422:. The
420:LoŔinj
323:LoŔinj
270:Sansig
266:French
262:German
200:County
188:
143:Length
2561:Žirje
2536:Unije
2526:Susak
2521:Å olta
2516:Å ipan
2511:Silba
2486:PrviÄ
2451:Molat
2446:Mljet
2431:Lopud
2351:Äiovo
2287:Zadar
2191:Tijat
2171:Susak
2166:SuŔac
2161:Å krda
2081:Lopud
2071:Lavsa
2041:Kakan
2011:Dolin
1980:Žirje
1965:Unije
1955:Å olta
1950:Å ipan
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