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surface texture originating from the crystalline structure of alloy metals such as tungsten and vanadium - elements that occur naturally in iron ore from southern India - to the surface during the manufacturing process. This is still in debate as metallurgist John
Verhoeven at Iowa State University believes the nanowires to occur in most steels. The other is a composite structure made by welding together iron and steel to give a visible pattern on the surface, called pattern welded steel. Although both were referred to as Damascus steels, true Damascus steels were not replicated in Europe until 1821.
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314:, who became a bladesmith himself. After abdicating, Toba II summoned Japan's finest bladesmiths around him in an effort to develop the perfect sword. It was determined that a sword had to be hard in order to maintain a sharp cutting edge, yet hard steel is brittle and can shatter under the stress of a heavy blow. Swordsmiths in Japan found the solution by wrapping a softer low-carbon steel core such as wrought iron, in a jacket of high-carbon steel and then
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The technology that led to the development of the
Japanese sword originated in China and was brought to Japan by way of Korea. The oldest steel swords found in Japan date to the fourth or fifth century A.D. Although appearing to be ceremonial in nature, samples of these straight blades preserved in
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include long swords such as the yeoh do, geom, and hyup do and curved swords such as
Samindo. Metal swords of double bladed leaf structure have been found throughout Korea dating back to the Bronze Age. These bronze swords were around 32 cm (13 in) in overall length, with a short handle.
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caused a heavy decline in the number of swords produced throughout the country. Sword-making was completely banned following World War II and did not resume until 1953, under heavy restrictions to preserve it solely as an art. In modern-day Japan a swordsmith is still only allowed to manufacture
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was often used in South Asia. The term
Damascus steel can refer to two different types of artefacts. One is the true Damascus steel, or Wootz steel, which is a high carbon alloy with tremendous edge retention possibly due to its composition of carbon nanotubes and carbide nanowires, with a wavy
89:
for sheaths. Bladesmithing is an art that is thousands of years old and found in cultures as diverse as China, Japan, India, Germany, Korea, the Middle East, Spain and the
British Isles. As with any art shrouded in history, there are myths and misconceptions about the process. While traditionally
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When forging, the blade material is heated to a high temperature or forging temperature in a forge and shaped with a hammer on an anvil to achieve the desired shape, often to near final dimension, where very little stock removal, if any, is required to finish. Steel can be folded either to form
503:. The following year he unveiled his "Damascus knives" at the Guild Show and created a revival of interest in the forged blade, and along with the knives he gave away free booklets detailing how he made them, to encourage other knifemakers to take up the hammer and anvil. In 1976 he founded the
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peoples also had advanced bladesmithing techniques for their level of technology. Migration Era smiths would often forge-weld blades of multiple materials, and their blades were typically double-edged and straight. Migration Era blades were often forged with a hard steel edge wrapped around a
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two swords a month by law, for example. As a result, many smiths travel to Taiwan or China to make extra swords for the export market as foreign-made swords are also illegal in Japan. Bladesmithing is still practiced in the cities of Sakai (Osaka
Prefecture) and Seki (Gifu Prefecture).
203:(three plate) construction, which involved sandwiching a core of hard steel between two plates of softer steel. The central plate protrudes slightly from its surrounding pieces, allowing for a sharp edge, while the softer spine protects the brittle core. Some blades had
181:(8th century BC) were among the earliest users of iron swords. During the Hallstatt period, they made swords both in bronze as well as iron with rounded tips. Toward the end of the Hallstatt period, around 600-500BC, these swords were replaced with short daggers. The
507:(ABS). Despite its name, this was an international group of knife makers dedicated to preserving the forged blade and educating the public about traditional bladesmithing techniques. The handful of traditional bladesmiths in the 1960s rose to several hundred by 2005.
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the edge. However, under heavy usage, the edge would be more prone to chipping than its
European counterparts, which were typically designed to deal with heavier armor than Japanese blades. This was answered by allowing projections of softer steel known as
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were often made in a somewhat similar manner: in this case an alloy with a high copper content would be used to make a resilient core and spine, while the edge would be made from a high-tin-content alloy for sharpness and welded onto the rest of the blade.
594:, producing a metal erroneously referred to as Damascus steel. Modern pattern-welded steel can be highly decorative as well as durable (if welded in certain ways with proper steels), and is often used in custom knife- and sword-crafting.
90:
bladesmithing referred to the manufacture of any blade by any means, the majority of contemporary craftsmen referred to as bladesmiths are those who primarily manufacture blades by means of using a forge to shape the blade as opposed to
219:. This technology included folding, inserting alloys, and differential hardening of the edge, which historically has been the most common technique around the world. While the Japanese would be more influenced by the Chinese
572:, which is not as hard or brittle as a high carbon steel (such as 1095), but is more durable and less prone to breakage, and therefore more suitable for longer weapons. 5160 carbon spring steel is sometimes used for
515:
The basic art and principles of forging a blade has remained similar for thousands of years and the modern bladesmith uses a variety of tools and techniques in order to produce a blade. Forges formerly fed by wood,
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Historically speaking, bladesmithing is an art that has survived and thrived over thousands of years. Many different parts of the world have different styles of bladesmithing, some more well-known than others.
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came into being. By the sixteenth century, Japanese bladesmithing had become so renowned throughout Asia that the
Japanese turned to large scale manufacturing of swords as an export to China. Smiths at
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decorative pattern welded steel or to refine raw steel, or as the
Japanese call it, tamahagane. Grain size is kept at a minimum as grain growth can happen quite easily if the blade material is overheated.
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in the manufacture of swords and blades as early as 3000 BC. They exported this technique to
Assyria, Babylon and Greece through trade and as they conquered other lands and were conquered themselves.
289:(794—1185 AD) the Japanese sword took on its distinctive curved shape as a mounted horseman would have more use for a slashing type of blade as opposed to a thrusting type. These swords were known as
473:. With improvements in steel production, bladesmiths no longer had to forge steel and knives could be machined from flat bars of steel. As cutlery companies moved to mass production of blades and
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Korea has a history of swordsmithing dating back 3,000 years. Although Korea was in close proximity to both Japan and China, no native systems of swordsmanship and swordmaking developed in Korea.
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in the late 1960s. However, no living bladesmith knew the exact techniques and without a recipe for the process, it was in danger of being lost; through trial and error he taught himself
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Due to the quality of metal found in Japan, Japanese bladesmithing became an extremely rigid, precise process, involving folding and forge-welding the steel many times over to create a
488:, who forged his knives using a coal forge in the manner of a blacksmith using a hammer and anvil to shape the steel. Moran began trying to revive the ancient process of forging
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The swordsmiths of China are often credited with the forging technology that was carried to Korea and Japan, allowing swordsmiths in those places to create such weapons as the
1604:
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reintroduced the sword, which were very different from the traditional shape and construction of the Bronze Age and early Iron Age, characterized by a more pointed tip.
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520:, or coal are still in use, but gas forges are becoming the standard. Likewise the smith's hammer is being eclipsed by the use of hydraulic forging presses and
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brought with them a need for swords also suited for hand-to-hand combat and the smiths began manufacture of shorter blades to meet this need. It was during the
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pattern welded core. Pattern welding was adopted from the neighbouring Romans, who had employed such technique since the second century AD.
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such as O-1, A-2, D2 other tool or high carbon steels, or a variety of steels welded in layers, commonly referred to as "Damascus".
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481:. By the mid 20th century, bladesmithing had been relegated to a cottage industry carried out by a handful of bladesmiths.
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554:(the '10' representing the 10-series carbon steels, while '75' '85' and '95' reflect the carbon content of the steel),
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from the Tang dynasty provided the basis for various Japanese forging styles and techniques. The Korean version of the
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in American trucks, making it readily available in the US. In Europe, EN-45 is more commonly used.
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Bladesmithing was common practice in India during the Middle Ages. A special type of steel known as
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359:(1603–1868), which granted Sakai a special seal of approval and enhanced its reputation for quality.
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161:. Despite iron's rarity, they gained enough familiarity with ironworking techniques to have used
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Many blade smiths were known by other titles according to the kind of blade that they produced:
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or five plate construction, with two more soft plates being used at the central ridge. Bronze
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1432:(May 1960). "Pattern-Welding and Damascening of Sword-Blades—Part 2: The Damascene Process".
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1394:(February 1960). "Pattern-Welding and Damascening of Sword-Blades—Part 1: Pattern-Welding".
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became more available, the art of forging steel began to disappear as knifemakers could
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in 1876 banned carrying of swords in public, which, combined with the decimation of the
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Many bladesmiths are able to forge a special type of steel using a technique called
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Fogg, Don (2005). "Dedicated to the Study of Swordmaking". In Ketzman, Joe (ed.).
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The cutlery trades: an historical essay in the economics of small-scale production
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invasions. This became known as the "Golden era" of Japanese bladesmithing under
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to form in the hardened cutting edge during differential hardening of the blade.
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Heat Treating Progress: The Official Voice of the ASM Heat Treating Society
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is a bladesmith known for the reintroduction of 'Georgian Damascus steel'.
306:(1185–1333 AD), Japan was under the rule of a military class and repelling
223:(single-edged swords of various forms), the early Japanese swords known as
17:
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Henning, Jim (2001). "The Business and Technology of Heat Treating".
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and longer blades, in modern times, are often crafted of 5160 carbon
539:
336:
307:
125:
66:
46:
1445:
1407:
1377:
1364:(1948). "A Sword of the Nydam Type from Ely Fields Farm, near Ely".
149:
referred to iron as "copper from the heavens" because their lack of
699:
Pattern-Welded Blade: Artistry In Iron (Equipment & Techniques)
446:
sword-making industry enjoyed a great boom, to the point where its
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1124:"Legendary Swords' Sharpness, Strength From Nanotubes, Study Says"
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were hand-forged with hardened cutting edges. By the time of the
118:
70:
62:
58:
50:
27:
Person who uses an anvil and forge to make various types of blades
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technology limited their accessible iron supplies to what little
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1922:
1528:
Legendary Swords' Sharpness, Strength From Nanotubes, Study Says
1074:
The Sword in Anglo-Saxon England: Its Archaeology and Literature
931:
The Japanese Sword: A Comprehensive Guide(Japanese arts Library)
628:
195:
1846:
1586:
1548:
1544:
1049:
Battle Blades: A Professional's Guide to Combat/Fighting Knives
2486:
247:, and these swords often preserve features found in Ming-era
98:
method, although there is some overlap between both crafts.
73:, and other smithing tools. Bladesmiths employ a variety of
1145:. Indian Institute of Science, Department of Metallurgy.
1143:"WOOTZ STEEL: AN ADVANCED MATERIAL OF THE ANCIENT WORLD"
727:
The Complete Bladesmith: Forging Your Way To Perfection
647:
Barney, Richard W.; Loveless, Robert W. (March 1995) .
598:
is said to be the "Father of Modern Damascus Steel".
496:
and referred to his end product as "Damascus steel".
891:
Kapp, Leon; Hiroko Kapp; Yoshindo Yoshihara (1987).
251:, such as openwork pommels and sharply angled tips.
3264:
3123:
2759:
2528:
2068:
1902:
1727:
1686:
1620:
1269:. Blacksmiths' Association of North America: 15–16.
1141:S. Srinivasan; S. Ranganathan (November 18, 2000).
1261:Rasmussen, Frederick (2005). "William F. Moran".
1366:Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society
789:Daggers and Fighting Knives of the Western World
837:Pleiner, Radomir; B. G. Scott (April 8, 1993).
3277:Cutlery and Allied Trades Research Association
1051:. Boulder, Colo.: Paladin Press. p. 130.
933:. Japan: Kodansha International. p. 220.
897:. Japan: Kodansha International. p. 168.
1858:
1598:
1560:
816:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
8:
1287:. Knife World Publications. pp. 64–69.
720:
718:
674:Master Bladesmith: Advanced Studies In Steel
499:In 1972, Moran was elected president of the
969:Draeger, Donn F.; Smith, Robert W. (1980).
450:came to be regarded as the best in Europe.
1865:
1851:
1843:
1605:
1591:
1583:
1567:
1553:
1545:
1126:. National Geographic News. Archived from
1097:Peirce, Ian; Oakeshott, Ewart (May 2007).
782:
780:
778:
110:A swordsmith's specialty is making swords.
1240:. Krause Publications. pp. 224–226.
997:"Ex-Emperor Go-Toba's Secret Teachings":
814:Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology
752:
750:
748:
746:
1154:
1152:
841:. Oxford University Press. p. 256.
812:Nicholson, Paul T.; et al. (2000).
469:Bladesmithing began declining after the
442:Between the 15th and 17th centuries the
393:
378:
29:
1496:Georgian Damascus, in special issue of
1178:
1176:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
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886:
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880:
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639:
542:to produce their blades, most commonly
85:for knife and sword handles, and often
1310:The Medieval Sword in the Modern World
975:. Kodansha International. p. 71.
958:. Tokyo, Japan: The East Publications.
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
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461:was commonly used in the Middle East.
1206:
1204:
7:
1474:. Iola, WI: DBI Books. p. 120.
1165:. Longmans, Green, and Co. pp.
1159:Lloyd, Godfrey Isaac Howard (1913).
538:Modern bladesmiths use a variety of
77:techniques similar to those used by
1215:. Krause Publications. p. 22.
1010:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies,
124:A scythesmith is a smith who makes
2543:Applegate–Fairbairn fighting knife
1122:Inman, Mason (November 16, 2006).
479:grind blades out of existing stock
25:
3068:W. R. Case & Sons Cutlery Co.
1283:; Barney, Richard (March 1995) .
1187:. F&W Media. pp. 86–88.
972:Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts
3295:
3294:
351:also crafted knives for cutting
2839:Columbia River Knife & Tool
1540:The American Bladesmith Society
894:The Craft of the Japanese Sword
2937:Korin Japanese Trading Company
2179:Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife
1185:Blade's Guide to Making Knives
1101:. Boydell Press. p. 160.
1076:. Boydell Press. p. 286.
1072:Davidson, Hilda Ellis (1998).
729:. Paladin Press. p. 192.
701:. Paladin Press. p. 120.
676:. Paladin Press. p. 296.
94:who form blades by use of the
1:
2079:Aircrew Survival Egress Knife
725:Hrisoulas, Jim (March 1987).
697:Hrisoulas, Jim (March 1991).
672:Hrisoulas, Jim (March 1991).
484:One of these bladesmiths was
403:
157:iron they could recover from
1522:Machinery's Handbook 13th Ed
787:Peterson, Harold L. (2001).
651:. Knife World Publications.
193:Traditional Chinese blades (
3272:American Bladesmith Society
2809:Cattaraugus Cutlery Company
2741:U.S. Marine Raider stiletto
505:American Bladesmith Society
302:blade. By the time of the
3351:
583:
531:
273:
3290:
2779:American Tomahawk Company
1884:
1787:
1582:
1520:Erik; Jones, F.D. Oberg.
1472:Gun Digest Book of Knives
1023:"History of knife making"
995:Brower, Robert H. (1972)
956:Lives of Master Swordsmen
954:Sugawara, Makoto (1985).
759:The Wonder of Knifemaking
3330:Metalworking occupations
2804:Camillus Cutlery Company
1312:. Lulu. pp. 80–82.
1308:Pearce, Michael (2007).
1211:Pacella, Gerard (2002).
1099:Swords of the Viking Age
3115:Zwilling J. A. Henckels
2897:Gerber Legendary Blades
2013:Japanese kitchen knives
1894:List of blade materials
1434:Studies in Conservation
1396:Studies in Conservation
761:. Krause. p. 160.
757:Goddard, Wayne (2000).
227:are often based on the
3098:Yoshida Metal Industry
2962:Medford Knife and Tool
2824:Clauss Cutlery Company
2687:Microtech Jagdkommando
2515:Yarara Parachute Knife
1470:; Roger Combs (1992).
1236:Kertzman, Joe (2007).
999:Go-Toba no in Gokuden.
791:. Dover. p. 128.
409:
391:
276:Japanese swordsmithing
133:Historic bladesmithing
39:
3110:Zero Tolerance Knives
3083:Western Knife Company
2992:Ontario Knife Company
2864:Ek Commando Knife Co.
1827:Tools and terminology
1332:Goddard(2000)page 27.
1130:on November 18, 2006.
1047:Walker, Greg (1993).
1027:Sakai Japanese Knives
929:Sato, Kanzan (1983).
471:Industrial Revolution
397:
382:
274:Further information:
45:is the art of making
33:
3030:SOG Specialty Knives
1494:Nino Lordkipanidze,
1213:100 Legendary Knives
465:Modern bladesmithing
3002:Randall Made Knives
2854:Dalian Hanwei Metal
2769:Aitor Knife Company
2683:Mark I trench knife
2496:Verlängerungsmesser
2099:Ballpoint pen knife
1498:National Geographic
1281:Loveless, Robert W.
398:A sword-maker from
384:At the Bladesmith's
3282:Knifemakers' Guild
3153:John Nelson Cooper
2814:Chris Reeve Knives
2548:Arkansas toothpick
2322:Pantographic knife
2089:Balisong/Butterfly
1350:(3). Michigan: 22.
1285:How to Make Knives
1005:2016-03-03 at the
649:How to Make Knives
501:Knifemakers' Guild
410:
392:
357:Tokugawa shogunate
121:and other cutlery.
40:
3312:
3311:
3073:Carl Walther GmbH
1840:
1839:
1783:
1782:
1481:978-0-87349-129-7
1319:978-1-4303-2801-8
1294:978-0-87341-389-3
1247:978-0-89689-470-9
1108:978-1-84383-089-4
1083:978-0-85115-716-0
940:978-0-87011-562-2
904:978-0-87011-798-5
848:978-0-19-813411-4
798:978-0-486-41743-1
768:978-0-87341-798-3
736:978-0-87364-430-3
708:978-1-58160-544-0
683:978-0-87364-612-3
544:high carbon steel
388:Carl von Häberlin
199:) are usually of
179:Hallstatt culture
147:Ancient Egyptians
16:(Redirected from
3342:
3298:
3297:
3196:William F. Moran
3176:Phill Hartsfield
2967:Microtech Knives
2914:Imperial Schrade
2909:Glock Ges.m.b.H.
2457:Swiss Army knife
1973:Grapefruit knife
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1029:. Sakai Japanese
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486:William F. Moran
414:Migration period
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332:Muromachi period
328:Mongol invasions
239:is known as the
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3300:Category:Knives
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3251:Buster Warenski
3241:Robert Terzuola
3206:Ralph Osterhout
3171:Bill Harsey Jr.
3148:Blackie Collins
3119:
3088:Wilkinson Sword
2755:
2691:Parrying dagger
2678:Liaoning dagger
2524:
2064:
2048:Unagisaki hōchō
1907:
1898:
1889:List of daggers
1880:
1871:
1841:
1836:
1779:
1723:
1699:Pattern welding
1682:
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1515:Further reading
1512:
1493:
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1466:
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1446:10.2307/1504953
1430:Maryon, Herbert
1428:
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1408:10.2307/1505063
1392:Maryon, Herbert
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1378:10.5284/1034398
1362:Maryon, Herbert
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312:Emperor Toba II
304:Kamakura period
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3043:Strider Knives
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3006:Ranz Cuchillos
3004:
2999:
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2952:Mad Dog Knives
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2927:Kershaw Knives
2924:
2919:
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2911:
2906:
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2899:
2889:
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2872:Emerson Knives
2869:
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2859:Dexter-Russell
2856:
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2829:Cobray Company
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2623:Hunting dagger
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2600:
2595:
2590:
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2580:
2578:Bollock dagger
2575:
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2497:
2494:
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2472:Throwing knife
2469:
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2452:Survival knife
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2442:Straight razor
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2262:Laguiole knife
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102:Related trades
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3221:A. G. Russell
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2982:Murphy Knives
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2774:Al Mar Knives
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612:Sword replica
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412:The Germanic
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96:stock removal
93:
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81:, as well as
80:
76:
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68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
43:Bladesmithing
37:
32:
19:
3265:Associations
3191:Bob Loveless
3020:Shun Cutlery
2904:Füritechnics
2819:Chroma Cnife
2477:Trench knife
2467:Taping knife
2417:Sheath knife
2312:Opinel knife
2228:Ivan's Knife
2169:Diving knife
2144:Combat knife
2028:Nakiri bōchō
2023:Maguro bōchō
2008:Tomato knife
1993:Pizza cutter
1968:Fillet knife
1953:Chef's knife
1948:Cheese knife
1938:Butter knife
1765:Steam hammer
1632:
1576:Metalworking
1521:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1471:
1462:
1440:(2): 52–60.
1437:
1433:
1424:
1402:(1): 25–37.
1399:
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1356:
1347:
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1184:
1161:
1136:
1128:the original
1117:
1098:
1092:
1073:
1067:
1048:
1042:
1031:. Retrieved
1026:
1017:
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648:
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589:
574:leaf springs
570:spring steel
564:
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457:
441:
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411:
383:
361:
341:
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297:
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287:Heian period
279:
261:
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236:
232:
231:. One-sided
228:
224:
220:
216:
214:
208:
204:
200:
194:
192:
176:Proto-Celtic
173:
163:wrought iron
145:
136:
105:
75:metalworking
42:
41:
34:Bladesmith,
3335:Swordsmiths
3226:Jody Samson
3216:Chris Reeve
3138:James Black
3125:Knifemakers
3053:TOPS Knives
3025:Slice, Inc.
2957:Marble Arms
2799:Buck Knives
2751:Yoroi-dōshi
2706:Push dagger
2613:French Nail
2462:Switchblade
2447:Strider SMF
2412:Sharpfinger
2362:Putty knife
2352:Pocketknife
2337:Penny knife
2282:Misericorde
2053:Usuba bōchō
2003:Steak knife
1928:Bread knife
1797:Fabrication
1775:Trip hammer
1770:Swage block
1755:Hardy tools
1663:Silversmith
1658:Pewtersmith
1638:Coppersmith
1508:pp. 138-139
1468:Lewis, Jack
534:Blade steel
454:Middle East
407: 1900
92:knifemakers
83:woodworking
79:blacksmiths
3319:Categories
3236:Mike Snody
3211:Bo Randall
3186:Jimmy Lile
3181:Gil Hibben
3166:Jerry Fisk
3063:Victorinox
3058:Tramontina
3039:STI Knives
2947:Leatherman
2932:KitchenAid
2882:Fällkniven
2834:Cold Steel
2638:Kabutowari
2598:Ear dagger
2407:Sgian dubh
2387:Sami knife
2302:Neck knife
2292:Multi-tool
2287:Mora knife
2224:Husa knife
2214:Higonokami
2174:Drop point
2164:Deba bōchō
2139:Clip point
2129:Cane knife
2119:Boot knife
2018:Deba bōchō
1817:Metallurgy
1704:Planishing
1678:Whitesmith
1633:Bladesmith
1628:Blacksmith
1033:2013-01-24
982:0870114360
635:References
624:Metalsmith
617:Knifesmith
596:Bill Moran
556:tool steel
546:, such as
159:meteorites
115:knifemaker
57:and other
18:Swordsmith
3201:Ken Onion
2844:Cuisinart
2789:Benchmade
2583:Cinquedea
2558:Bagh nakh
2437:SOG Knife
2342:Pesh-kabz
2149:Commander
2094:Ballistic
2058:Yanagi ba
2043:Udon kiri
1983:Mezzaluna
1812:Machining
1807:Jewellery
1687:Processes
1653:Locksmith
1643:Goldsmith
1372:: 73–76.
402:, Syria,
334:that the
316:hardening
300:laminated
36:Nuremberg
3035:Spyderco
3015:Sabatier
2784:Aritsugu
2731:Stiletto
2696:Poignard
2658:Khanjali
2568:Baselard
2432:Smatchet
2382:Sabatier
2332:Penknife
2237:Karambit
1822:Smithing
1760:Pritchel
1673:Tinsmith
1648:Gunsmith
1614:Smithing
1003:Archived
606:See also
552:SAE 1095
548:SAE 1075
448:products
400:Damascus
375:Germanic
270:Japanese
151:smelting
142:Egyptian
61:using a
3304:Daggers
3093:Wüsthof
2972:Morseth
2942:Kyocera
2892:Fiskars
2877:F. Dick
2663:Khanjar
2628:Jambiya
2573:Bichuwa
2563:Balarao
2538:Anelace
2530:Daggers
2520:Yatagan
2397:Scalpel
2377:Resolza
2372:Rampuri
2267:Machete
2104:Bayonet
2033:Santoku
1958:Cleaver
1904:Kitchen
1878:daggers
1832:Welding
1802:Forming
1792:Casting
1719:Swaging
1714:Sinking
1709:Raising
1694:Forging
1524:, 1946.
1454:1504953
1416:1505063
1012:Vol. 32
353:tobacco
283:Shōsōin
189:Chinese
126:scythes
55:daggers
3103:Global
3078:Wenger
2997:Opinel
2922:Ka-Bar
2918:Ivan's
2643:Kaiken
2618:Gunong
2603:Emeici
2510:X-Acto
2505:Wedung
2367:Puukko
2357:Phurba
2327:Parang
2297:Navaja
2272:Mandau
2247:Kirpan
2109:Boline
2084:Athame
2071:knives
2069:Other
1998:Splayd
1943:Caidao
1918:Boning
1911:knives
1874:Knives
1750:Hammer
1745:Fuller
1668:Tinker
1621:Smiths
1478:
1452:
1414:
1316:
1291:
1244:
1219:
1191:
1105:
1080:
1055:
979:
937:
901:
845:
820:
795:
765:
733:
705:
680:
655:
566:Swords
540:steels
444:Toledo
421:Indian
390:(1879)
337:katana
308:Mongol
255:Korean
217:katana
201:sanmei
170:Celtic
155:native
119:knives
117:makes
67:hammer
59:blades
51:swords
47:knives
3010:Rösle
2977:Muela
2887:FAMAE
2849:Cutco
2794:Böker
2736:Tantō
2721:Shobo
2701:Pugio
2673:Kunai
2653:Katar
2648:Kalis
2608:Facón
2553:BC-41
2347:Pirah
2257:Kukri
2194:Golok
2189:Ginsu
2159:CQC-6
2154:Corvo
2124:Bowie
1909:table
1740:Forge
1735:Anvil
1728:Tools
1450:JSTOR
1412:JSTOR
528:Steel
511:Tools
438:Spain
427:Wootz
386:, by
349:Sakai
343:tantō
292:tachi
233:jians
205:wumei
196:jians
71:anvil
63:forge
2987:OLFA
2746:V-42
2726:Sica
2716:Seme
2668:Kris
2633:Jile
2593:Dirk
2482:Tumi
2422:Shiv
2402:Seax
2392:SARK
2242:Kard
2204:Guna
2114:Bolo
1978:Lame
1923:Boti
1876:and
1504:2021
1476:ISBN
1314:ISBN
1289:ISBN
1242:ISBN
1217:ISBN
1189:ISBN
1169:–32.
1103:ISBN
1078:ISBN
1053:ISBN
977:ISBN
935:ISBN
899:ISBN
843:ISBN
818:ISBN
793:ISBN
763:ISBN
731:ISBN
703:ISBN
678:ISBN
653:ISBN
629:Kris
518:coke
362:The
340:and
326:The
321:ashi
281:the
249:jian
241:geom
237:jian
229:jian
209:jian
174:The
2868:EKA
2588:Dha
2487:Ulu
1906:and
1442:doi
1404:doi
1374:doi
1370:XLI
550:or
429:or
245:gum
243:or
225:ken
221:dāo
3321::
3302:/
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