122:
Another important factor in preventing symmastia is proper sizing and positioning of the implants. The book "Aesthetic
Plastic Surgery" by Sherrell J. Aston and Douglas S. Steinbrech notes that using appropriately sized implants that fit the patient's anatomy can help prevent symmastia. Additionally,
126:
In some cases, using a supportive device such as a surgical bra or bandeau after surgery may also help prevent symmastia. The article "Prevention of
Symmastia Following Breast Augmentation" published in Aesthetic Surgery Journal suggests that using a supportive device for several weeks after surgery
118:
One way to prevent symmastia is by using appropriate implant placement techniques. According to the book "Breast
Augmentation" by William P. Adams Jr., et al., submuscular implant placement can help prevent symmastia. This technique involves placing the implant under the chest muscle, which provides
81:
Implant size and placement are also important factors that can contribute to symmastia. Larger implants have a higher risk of causing symmastia due to their increased weight and volume. Additionally, subglandular placement of implants (above the muscle) has been associated with a higher incidence of
109:
In some cases, a combination of surgical and non-surgical approaches may be necessary to achieve optimal results. For example, a study published in
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open described a technique called "Neopectoral Pocket" that involves using sutures to create a new pocket for
64:
Diagnosing symmastia typically involves a physical examination by a qualified plastic surgeon. During this examination, the surgeon will look for signs of skin and tissue damage between the breasts, as well as any other abnormalities that may be contributing to the condition. In some cases, imaging
60:
In addition to these physical symptoms, patients with symmastia may also experience discomfort or pain in the affected area. This is because the condition can put pressure on the underlying tissues and nerves, causing irritation and inflammation. In severe cases, symmastia can also cause difficulty
130:
Proper surgical technique is also critical in preventing symmastia. The article "Symmastia: Prevention, Recognition, and
Treatment" published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery notes that avoiding excessive dissection of the breast tissue and using appropriate suture techniques can help prevent
101:
One of the most common treatments for symmastia is surgical correction. According to a study published in the
Aesthetic Surgery Journal, surgical correction involves creating a new pocket for the implant(s) and using sutures or mesh to reinforce the tissue and prevent the implants from migrating
105:
Another option for treating symmastia is non-surgical correction using compression garments or specialized bras. According to an article published in
Plastic Surgical Nursing, these garments can help redistribute the breast tissue and support the implants in their proper position. However, this
85:
Tissue quality is another factor that can affect the development of symmastia. Patients with thin or weak breast tissue are at a higher risk of developing symmastia due to their reduced ability to support the implants. Similarly, patients who have undergone previous breast surgeries may have
435:
73:
One of the most significant causes of symmastia is improper surgical technique. According to a study published in the
Aesthetic Surgery Journal, inadequate dissection of the implant pocket can result in medial displacement of the
119:
additional support and coverage for the implant. Additionally, using a dual plane technique, where the implant is partially placed under the muscle and partially under the breast tissue, can also help prevent symmastia.
332:
Tebbetts, J. B., & Adams Jr, W. P. (2005). Five critical decisions in breast augmentation using five measurements in 5 minutes: the high five decision support process. Plastic and
Reconstructive Surgery, 116(7),
342:
Rohrich, R. J., & Kenkel, J. M. (2001). Avoidance and management of complications in breast augmentation surgery: tips and techniques from an expert's perspective. Clinics in
Plastic Surgery, 28(3), 531-551.
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towards the center of the chest. The study found that this procedure had a success rate of over 90% and resulted in significant improvements in patients' satisfaction with their appearance and quality of life.
428:
370:
Basterzi, Y., & Ozturk, S. (2018). Correction of Symmastia with the Neopectoral Pocket Technique: A New Approach to an Old Problem. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, 6(3), e1673. doi:
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Grotting, J.C., Beckenstein, M.S., & Higdon, K.K.(2003). The “uni-boob”: diagnosis and treatment of symmastia occurring after breast augmentation. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 23(6), 417-421.
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Bengtson, B. P. (2010). Symposium on breast augmentation: Part II. Prevention and management of complications after breast augmentation. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 125(1), 329-337.
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Adams Jr, W. P., & Rios, J. L. (2012). The mini-incision submuscular augmentation mammaplasty: a review of 325 consecutive cases. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 129(2), 268e-276e.
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Tebbetts, John B.; Adams, William P. (December 2006). "Five Critical Decisions in Breast Augmentation Using Five Measurements in 5 Minutes: The High Five Decision Support Process".
287:
Spear, S. L., & Davison, S. P. (2004). Correction of symptomatic symmastia with a modified inferior pedicle technique. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 114(6), 1574-1578.
49:, forming what is also colloquially referred to as a "uniboob" or "breadloafing" as a result of the release of skin and muscle tissue around the sternum due to over-dissection.
78:, leading to symmastia. Similarly, over-dissection of the pocket can weaken the medial breast tissue and cause implant migration towards the midline, resulting in symmastia.
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Chaffin, J., & Perry, C. (2014). Symmastia: A Review of Current Surgical Management Options. Plastic Surgical Nursing, 34(2), 82–88. doi: 10.1097/PSN.0000000000000048
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Spear, S. L., Giese, S. Y., & Ducic, I. (2009). The Treatment of Symmastia Revisited. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 29(6), 502–509. doi: 10.1016/j.asj.2009.09.002
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Mofid, Mehran M., et al. "Symmastia: Prevention, Recognition, and Treatment." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, vol. 124, no. 6S, 2009, pp. 196e-206e.
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symmastia. Additionally, avoiding over-dissection of the medial pocket and using appropriate tissue coverage can also help prevent this complication.
524:
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Spear, S. L., & Giese, S. Y. (2009). Treatment of uni-lateral and bilateral symmastia. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 124(4), 1021-1027.
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Spear, S. L., & Giese, S. Y. (2008). Treatment of symmastia with autologous fat transplantation. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 28(3), 300-304.
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Khan, Umar N., et al. "Prevention of Symmastia Following Breast Augmentation." Aesthetic Surgery Journal, vol. 36, no. 3, 2016, pp. 354-360.
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The symptoms of symmastia include a unibrow-like appearance of the breasts, a lack of cleavage, and a visible gap between the breasts .
253:
217:
182:
Sillesen, Nanna H.; Hölmich, Lisbeth R.; Siersen, Hans E.; Bonde, Christian (December 2012). "Congenital symmastia revisited".
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Patient factors such as genetics and body habitus may also play a role in the development of symmastia. Patients with a wide
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ensuring that the implants are positioned correctly and symmetrically can also help prevent this complication.
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the implant(s) while also using compression garments to provide additional support during the healing process.
45:. Congenital symmastia is a rare condition with few published cases. Iatrogenic symmastia may occur following
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Aston, Sherrell J., and Douglas S. Steinbrech. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013.
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can help prevent excessive pressure on the midline of the chest, which can contribute to symmastia.
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tests such as MRI or CT scans may also be used to get a more detailed view of the affected area.
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approach may not be effective for all cases of symmastia and may only provide temporary relief.
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Adams Jr., William P., et al. Breast Augmentation. Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 2012.
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or narrow chest wall may be predisposed to developing symmastia due to their anatomy.
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38:
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149:
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462:
90:
23:
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is a condition defined as a confluence of the breast tissue of both
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compromised tissue quality, increasing their risk for symmastia.
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that normally divides them. It can be surgically corrected by a
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150:"Creation of an intermammary sulcus in congenital synmastia"
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Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
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Wong, M. T.; Cheong, E. C.; Lim, J.; Lim, T. C. (2007).
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218:"Symmastia (a.k.a. 'breadloafing' or 'uniboob')"
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82:symmastia compared to submuscular placement.
8:
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61:breathing or other respiratory problems.
16:Connection of tissue between both breasts
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447:malformations and deformations of the
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267:10.1097/01.prs.0000191163.19379.63
254:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
14:
525:Congenital disorders of breasts
1:
371:10.1097/GOX.0000000000001673
34:through symmastia revision.
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196:10.1016/j.bjps.2012.08.008
37:Symmastia can either be a
157:Singapore Medical Journal
261:(Supplement): 35S–45S.
222:Just Breast Implants
228:on 19 October 2002.
47:breast augmentation
28:intermammary cleft
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190:(12): 1607–1613.
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483:Tuberous breasts
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32:plastic surgeon
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163:(1): e29–e31.
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473:Micromastia
41:anomaly or
26:across the
504:Polythelia
468:Polymastia
445:Congenital
333:2005-2016.
135:References
114:Prevention
97:Treatments
43:iatrogenic
39:congenital
478:Symmastia
275:0032-1052
20:Symmastia
519:Category
204:23026472
169:17245502
76:implants
53:Symptoms
499:Athelia
463:Amastia
91:sternum
24:breasts
492:Nipple
456:Breast
449:breast
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202:
167:
69:Causes
153:(PDF)
271:ISSN
200:PMID
165:PMID
263:doi
259:118
192:doi
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161:48
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