803:, and he no longer believed in writing in the same compositional style. He also had other projects toward which he wanted to direct his attention as soon as possible, and the First Symphony had taken him nearly a year to write. As it turned out, the Commissariat for Enlightenment's propaganda department, Agitotdel, regularly commissioned single-movement works on topical subjects. These works often featured revolutionary tunes and invariably employed sung texts to make the required meaning clear. Furthermore, because of the non-musical orientation of potential audiences, these pieces were not expected to last more than 15 or 20 minutes at most.
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press. It also sidestepped the stylistic problem of producing a sequel to the First
Symphony while also opening the door to experiment with orchestral effects in an entirely new vein. Most importantly for Shostakovich, the piece took little time to compose, allowing him to return to other projects at his earliest convenience.
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the term "experiment" was not considered positive. Much later, Shostakovich admitted that out of his 15 symphonies, "two, I suppose, are completely unsatisfactory – that's the Second and Third." He also rejected his early experimental writing in general as "erroneous striving after originality" and
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instead of a propaganda piece, writing a short agitprop symphony seemed to solve all of
Shostakovich's problems. Such a work was entirely appropriate for the occasion for which it was being written. It would also be impossible for Muzsektor to turn it down, and was guaranteed at least some friendly
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clarity. While much of the symphony consequently consists of sound effects rather than music, the work possesses an unquestionable vitality and incorporates the basic elements of the musical language he used in the rest of his career.
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During the 1920s in Russia, "October" referred to the spirit of the
Revolution, which was a new world of freedom and fellowship reaching politically from the center to the left. The nearest political idea to this concept was the
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In the West, listeners appreciated the orchestral section but not the choral emotionalism that followed. While some Soviet critics acclaimed it at the time of the premiere, the Second
Symphony did not attain lasting success.
1912:
633:, imposed from the upper echelons of the Party, grew to gigantic proportions in the years immediately following his death. The work was initially titled "To October". It was referred to as a
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423:, Shostakovich composed his Second in a gestural, geometric "music without emotional structure" manner, with the intent of reflecting speech patterns and physical movements in a
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The choral section gave the composer particular trouble. Shostakovich told
Yavorsky confidentially, "I'm composing the chorus with great difficulty. The words!!!!"
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and head of the
Propaganda Department of the State Music Publishing House (Muzsektor), to write a large orchestral work with a choral finale called
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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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Though
Shostakovich had been commissioned by Muzsektor rather than Agitotdel, and was thus expected to produce a composition of
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1593:(Media notes). Valery Gergiev and the Mariinsky Theater Chorus and Orchestra. Saint Petersburg, Russia: Mariinsky. MAR0507.
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Symphonies have often been criticized for incongruities in their experimental orchestral sections and more conventionally
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in this work than he did on thematic material. He quickly adds sonorities and layers of sound in a manner akin to
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Gakkel, Leonid; Bezymensky, Alexander; Fogarty, Eyvor; Gunin, Anna; Ribière, Mireille; Wulfekamp, Ursula (2010).
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on 20 February 1927 that he was unsure his music could redeem the text, which he described as "repulsive".
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Meant to portray the primordial chaos from which order emerged, instrumental voices merge in this 13-voice
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Shostakovich and Stalin: The
Extraordinary Relationship Between the Great Composer and the Brutal Dictator
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Part of the problem
Shostakovich had in writing the symphony was that people expected a successor to his
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that states a
Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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The Second Symphony was commissioned to include a poem by Alexander Bezymensky, which glorified
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1516:Шостакович и Сталин : художник и царь (Shostakovich i Stalin : khudozhnik i t︠s︡arʹ)
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when the work was published in 1927. It only became known as a "symphony" considerably later.
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1625:. Vol. II: Mahler to the Present Day. New York: Drake Publishers. pp. 197–216.
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A meditative episode which Shostakovich described as the "death of a child" (letter to
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Story of a Friendship: The Letters of Dmitry Shostakovich to Isaak Glikman, 1941–1975
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392:. It was also the first time any version of the work had been played in Moscow.
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said of it that "one is tempted simply to cut it off with a pair of scissors".
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1408:. Translated by Anthony Phillips. London, United Kingdom: Faber and Faber.
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Shostakovich later revisited the events of the October Revolution in his
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415:; within this movement are four sections, the last of which includes a
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Dmitri Shostakovich: Symphonies Nos. 2 & 3 – Mstislav Rostropovich
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Shostakovich, Dmitri Dmitriyevich; Glikman, Isaak Davidovitch (2001).
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Saint Petersburg Academic Philharmonia Named After D. D. Shostakovich
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beginning, like impulses released from the void. This was considered
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The symphony is a short (about 20 minutes) experimental work in one
254:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1621:(1972). "Chapter 16: Dmitri Shostakovich b. 1906 (Robert Layton)".
1359:
Geschiedenis van de Russiche muziek: Van Kamarinskaja tot Babi Jar
689:, speculative material, or accounts of events that might not occur
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style. This choice may have been influenced at least partially by
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1522:]. Dialogi o kulʹture (in Russian). Moscow, Russia: ЭКСМО.
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This is the slogan and this is the name of living generations:
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455:(cluster composition) before the term was officially coined.
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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Shostakovich: Symphonies Nos. 2 & 11 – Valery Gergiev
1322:
A History of Russian Music: From Kamarinskaya to Babi Yar
1258:. Vol. XVII: Schütz-Spinto. London, United Kingdom:
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October! Happiness in the fields and at the work benches,
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they were considered experiments, and since the days of
1447:] (in Russian). Moscow, Russia: DSCH. p. 115.
1381:] (in Russian). Moscow, Russia: DSCH. p. 278.
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International Shostakovich Chamber Music Competition
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But louder than gunfire there burst into the silence
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148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1248:; Boris Schwarz (1980). "Dmitri Shostakovich". In
1520:Shostakovich and Stalin: The Artist and the King
915:You forged freedom from our toil-hardened hands.
913:Oh, Lenin! You forged freedom through suffering,
780:Shostakovich was commissioned by Lev Shuglin, a
2886:The War Symphonies: Shostakovich Against Stalin
2246:The Tale of the Priest and of His Workman Balda
2168:Novorossiisk Chimes, the Flame of Eternal Glory
1255:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1705:
926:And this victory over oppression and darkness
911:Words of our torment, words of our suffering.
898:Our hearts were gripped in a vice of anguish.
486:The choral finale of the work sets a text by
8:
924:Struggle! You gave us the victory of Labour.
935:October! The messenger of the awaited dawn.
900:Factory chimneys towered up towards the sky
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
16:1927 choral symphony by Dmitri Shostakovich
2495:
2475:Suite on Verses of Michelangelo Buonarroti
1994:
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1698:
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930:Let all in the struggle be young and bold:
872:Пусть каждый в борьбе будет молод и храбр:
705:by removing unsourced speculative content.
2454:Seven Romances on Poems by Alexander Blok
1685:International Music Score Library Project
1556:Feuchtner, Bernd; Brammall, Gery (1994).
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1140:
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922:Struggle! You led us to the final battle.
881:Октябрь! – это труд, это радость и песня.
788:to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the
721:Learn how and when to remove this message
500:Shostakovich placed far more emphasis on
341:Learn how and when to remove this message
323:Learn how and when to remove this message
270:Learn how and when to remove this message
208:Learn how and when to remove this message
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1591:Shostakovich: Symphonies Nos. 2 & 11
1329:; Erica Pomerans. Berkeley, California:
1200:
1056:
937:October! The freedom of rebellious ages.
904:Terrible were the names of our shackles:
896:We marched, we asked for work and bread.
877:Октябрь! – это солнца желанного вестник.
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1558:Shostakovich: Symphonies Nos. 2 & 3
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902:Like hands, powerless to clench a fist.
883:Октябрь! – это счастье полей и станков.
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2858:Shostakovich v. Twentieth Century-Fox
1370:; Glikman, Isaak Davidovitch (1993).
879:Октябрь! – это воля восставших веков.
864:Борьба! Ты вела нас к последнему бою.
851:Но громче орудий ворвались в молчанье
525:(in the final part) and orchestra of
7:
1752:Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District
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932:The name of this victory is October!
853:Слова нашей скорби, слова наших мук.
380:and the Academy Capella Choir under
146:adding citations to reliable sources
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885:Вот знамя, вот имя живых поколений:
855:О Ленин! Ты выковал волю страданья,
2426:The Sun Shines Over Our Motherland
844:Как руки, бессильные сжать кулаки.
838:Мы шли, мы просили работы и хлеба,
643:To October, a Symphonic Dedication
372:, for the 10th anniversary of the
157:"Symphony No. 2" Shostakovich
14:
2956:Symphonies by Dmitri Shostakovich
2139:Suite for Variety Orchestra No. 1
1434:Shostakovich, Dmitri Dmitriyevich
1368:Shostakovich, Dmitri Dmitriyevich
866:Борьба! Ты дала нам победу Труда.
859:Мы поняли, Ленин, что наша судьба
629:struggle in bombastic style. The
419:. In a marked departure from his
388:later in 1927 under the baton of
34:This article has multiple issues.
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2482:Four Verses of Captain Lebyadkin
1361:, Uitgeverij SUN, Nijmegen, 1996
945:October, the Commune and Lenin.
928:None can ever take away from us!
868:И этой победы над гнетом и тьмою
842:Заводские трубы тянулися к небу,
840:Сердца были сжаты тисками тоски.
737:
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378:Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra
376:. It was first performed by the
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2767:Dmitri Shostakovich-class ferry
1655:Symphony No. 12 "The Year 1917"
906:Silence, suffering, oppression.
870:Никто не отнимет у нас никогда.
857:Ты выковал волю мозолистых рук.
639:Symphonic Dedication to October
481:Poco meno mosso. Allegro molto.
133:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
2468:Six Poems by Marina Tsvetayeva
2133:Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 2
2128:Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 1
1604:. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
1583:. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
1331:University of California Press
939:October! Labour, joy and song.
1:
2787:London Shostakovich Orchestra
2716:Piano Sonata No. 2 in B minor
2447:The Execution of Stepan Razin
1681:Symphony No. 2 (Shostakovich)
1294:Northeastern University Press
917:We knew, Lenin, that our fate
846:Страшно было имя наших тенет:
828:Text by Alexander Bezymensky
685:possibly contains unsourced
2663:Piano Trio No. 2 in E minor
2658:Piano Trio No. 1 in C minor
2351:The Unforgettable Year 1919
2200:March of the Soviet Militia
521:The symphony is scored for
494:and the October revolution.
250:the claims made and adding
2982:
1165:Shostakovich-Bobykina 2000
887:Октябрь, Коммуна и Ленин.
874:Ведь имя победы – Октябрь!
848:Молчанье, страданье, гнет.
697:reliable published sources
601:Shostakovich's Second and
2900:
1727:
1566:London Symphony Orchestra
1045:Shostakovich-Glikman 1993
2653:Piano Quintet in G minor
1514:Volkov, Solomon (2004).
1440:
1374:
1357:Originally published as
832:
2961:Compositions in B major
2845:Muddle Instead of Music
2648:Cello Sonata in D minor
2440:From Jewish Folk Poetry
2412:Suite on Finnish Themes
1436:; Bobykina, I. (1993).
1319:Maes, Francis (2002) .
1228:Oxford University Press
1222:Fay, Laurel E. (2000).
919:Bears a name: Struggle.
609:choral finales. In the
508:instead of focusing on
295:Some of this article's
2800:Shostakovich Peninsula
2760:Named for Shostakovich
2728:24 Preludes and Fugues
2705:Three Fantastic Dances
2365:Five Days, Five Nights
1296:. pp. 46, 48–50.
691:. Information must be
618:"infants' diseases" .
506:Abstract Expressionism
86:by rewriting it in an
2892:Wihuri Sibelius Prize
2668:Quartet Movement in E
2152:Encounter at the Elbe
1562:Mstislav Rostropovich
1262:. pp. 264, 266.
786:Dedication to October
649:The spirit of October
484:Chorus: "To October"
2805:Shostakovich Quartet
1803:Moscow, Cheryomushki
1737:Operas and operettas
1730:List of compositions
1568:. Hamburg, Germany:
1290:The New Shostakovich
1260:Macmillan Publishers
1224:Shostakovich: A Life
1035:"A bit less stirred"
822:Chorus: "To October"
757:improve this article
660:permanent revolution
488:Alexander Bezymensky
390:Konstantin Saradzhev
142:improve this article
2744:Galina Shostakovich
2722:Children's Notebook
2433:Antiformalist Rayok
2419:Song of the Forests
2330:Meeting on the Elbe
2267:The Return of Maxim
1721:Dmitri Shostakovich
1572:. p. 8. 90853.
1445:Letters to a Friend
1379:Letters to a Friend
759:by rewriting it in
356:Dmitri Shostakovich
2750:Maxim Shostakovich
2337:The Fall of Berlin
2253:The Youth of Maxim
2192:Concert/brass band
1913:American premieres
1908:Leningrad première
1756:Katerina Izmailova
1327:Arnold J. Pomerans
861:Носит имя: борьба.
790:October Revolution
761:encyclopedic style
748:is written like a
429:Vsevolod Meyerhold
374:October Revolution
235:possibly contains
88:encyclopedic style
75:is written like a
2966:1927 compositions
2951:Choral symphonies
2916:
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2851:The Noise of Time
2777:2669 Shostakovich
2692:
2691:
2631:No. 16 in B major
2582:No. 11 in F minor
2372:Sofiya Perovskaya
2288:The Great Citizen
2109:The Limpid Stream
2072:
2071:
1982:No. 15 in A major
1977:No. 14 in G minor
1951:No. 12 in D minor
1941:No. 11 in G minor
1936:No. 10 in E minor
1835:The Limpid Stream
1779:The Twelve Chairs
1763:The Big Lightning
1481:Antonina W. Bouis
1246:Grove, Sir George
1155:, pp. 48–49.
1131:, pp. 39–40.
794:Sergei Protopopov
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471:Boleslav Yavorsky
452:Klangflächenmusik
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2518:No. 3 in F major
2513:No. 2 in A major
2508:No. 1 in C major
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2145:Festive Overture
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1893:No. 6 in B minor
1888:No. 5 in D minor
1883:No. 4 in C minor
1877:The First of May
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1852:No. 1 in F minor
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1441:Письма к другу
1438:Pisʹma k drugu
1430:
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1428:
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1387:
1375:Письма к другу
1372:Pisʹma k drugu
1364:
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1286:MacDonald, Ian
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1049:
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1250:Stanley Sadie
1247:
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1118:
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1095:, p. 40.
1094:
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746:This article
744:
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734:
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711:December 2016
704:
698:
695:and based on
694:
690:
688:
683:This article
681:
672:
671:
665:
663:
661:
658:doctrine of "
657:
648:
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644:
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632:
631:cult of Lenin
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436:
434:
431:'s theory of
430:
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425:neo-realistic
422:
418:
414:
406:
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402:
401:The Year 1917
398:
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382:Nikolai Malko
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313:December 2023
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260:December 2023
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233:This article
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201:
198:December 2023
190:
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169:
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159: –
158:
154:
153:Find sources:
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137:
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131:This article
129:
125:
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119:
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99:
96:December 2023
89:
85:
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73:This article
71:
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61:
56:
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47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
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2884:
2868:
2856:
2849:
2832:
2820:
2793:Shostakovich
2792:
2720:
2703:
2684:Viola Sonata
2633:(unrealized)
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2396:(unfinished)
2391:
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2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
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2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2260:Girl Friends
2258:
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1970:
1954:
1944:
1901:
1876:
1860:
1856:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1801:
1798:(unfinished)
1795:The Gamblers
1793:
1790:(unfinished)
1785:
1782:(unfinished)
1777:
1774:(unfinished)
1769:
1766:(unfinished)
1761:
1755:
1751:
1743:
1666:
1659:
1623:The Symphony
1622:
1590:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1519:
1515:
1483:. New York:
1475:
1444:
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1405:
1378:
1371:
1358:
1356:
1321:
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1253:
1226:. New York:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1201:Schwarz 1980
1196:
1184:
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1136:
1124:
1112:
1100:
1088:
1076:
1064:
1057:Schwarz 1980
1052:
1040:
1031:
1011:, p. 8.
987:
971:
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834:
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827:
813:
805:
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785:
779:
766:
755:Please help
747:
717:
708:
701:Please help
684:
652:
642:
641:. It became
638:
634:
620:
611:Soviet Union
600:
585:, (factory)
583:glockenspiel
520:
510:contrapuntal
499:
450:
433:biomechanics
410:
400:
399:, subtitled
394:
368:
367:
362:in B major,
359:
354:
352:
337:
319:
310:
299:
266:
257:
234:
204:
195:
185:
178:
171:
164:
152:
140:Please help
135:verification
132:
102:
93:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2795:(1969–1981)
2711:24 Preludes
2697:Piano music
2620:No. 15 in E
2609:No. 14 in F
2598:No. 13 in B
2587:No. 12 in D
2571:No. 10 in A
2404:Vocal music
2239:Counterplan
2182:Intervision
2158:Suite from
2150:Suite from
2107:Suite from
2099:Suite from
2091:Suite from
2085:Tahiti Trot
1961:No. 13 in B
1487:. pp.
1189:Gakkel 2010
1177:Volkov 2004
1117:Volkov 2004
1081:Volkov 2004
893:Translation
769:August 2008
687:predictions
666:Composition
627:proletariat
523:mixed choir
300:may not be
2945:Categories
2828:DSCH motif
2746:(daughter)
2560:No. 9 in E
2544:No. 7 in F
2528:No. 5 in B
2358:The Gadfly
2210:Film music
2160:The Gadfly
2053:No. 1 in E
2031:No. 2 in C
1925:No. 9 in E
1867:No. 3 in E
1861:To October
1845:Symphonies
1333:. p.
1292:. Boston:
978:, p.
959:References
703:improve it
693:verifiable
656:Trotskyist
571:snare drum
447:polyphonic
369:To October
358:wrote his
244:improve it
168:newspapers
39:improve it
2869:Testimony
2386:King Lear
1991:Concertos
1902:Leningrad
1473:(2004) .
1463:490559096
1424:231905283
1397:490559096
1069:Maes 2002
950:Reception
782:Bolshevik
575:bass drum
555:trombones
539:clarinets
490:praising
407:Structure
248:verifying
45:talk page
2909:Category
2671:♭
2623:♭
2612:♯
2601:♭
2590:♭
2574:♭
2563:♭
2547:♯
2531:♭
2501:quartets
2393:Gogoliad
2344:Belinsky
2323:Michurin
2101:The Bolt
2056:♭
2034:♯
1971:Babi Yar
1964:♭
1928:♭
1870:♭
1828:The Bolt
1745:The Nose
1649:See also
1602:AllMusic
1581:AllMusic
1564:and the
1538:56899020
1507:54768325
1353:46678246
1312:22856574
1288:(1990).
1129:Fay 2000
1093:Fay 2000
976:Fay 2000
607:agitprop
597:Overview
567:triangle
551:trumpets
543:bassoons
413:movement
302:reliable
2461:Loyalty
2316:Pirogov
2281:Friends
2175:October
2122:Scherzo
1813:Ballets
1668:Loyalty
1661:October
1549:Records
1278:5676891
1252:(ed.).
1210:Sources
835:Russian
591:strings
579:cymbals
563:timpani
527:piccolo
502:texture
242:Please
182:scholar
82:Please
2921:Portal
2737:Family
2499:String
2379:Hamlet
2124:(1922)
2019:Violin
1771:Orango
1641:348095
1639:
1629:
1570:Teldec
1536:
1526:
1505:
1495:
1461:
1451:
1422:
1412:
1395:
1385:
1351:
1341:
1310:
1300:
1276:
1266:
1234:
750:review
615:Stalin
589:, and
531:flutes
467:= 152
417:chorus
386:Moscow
184:
177:
170:
163:
155:
2752:(son)
2641:Other
2626:minor
2615:major
2604:minor
2593:major
2577:major
2566:major
2550:minor
2534:major
2225:Alone
2059:major
2046:Cello
2037:minor
1998:Piano
1967:minor
1931:major
1873:major
1518:[
1485:Knopf
1443:[
1377:[
1215:Books
964:Notes
623:Lenin
603:Third
587:siren
547:horns
535:oboes
492:Lenin
441:Largo
189:JSTOR
175:books
2878:film
2873:book
2295:Zoya
1637:OCLC
1627:ISBN
1534:OCLC
1524:ISBN
1503:OCLC
1493:ISBN
1459:OCLC
1449:ISBN
1420:OCLC
1410:ISBN
1393:OCLC
1383:ISBN
1349:OCLC
1339:ISBN
1308:OCLC
1298:ISBN
1274:OCLC
1264:ISBN
1232:ISBN
637:and
559:tuba
553:, 3
549:, 3
545:, 4
541:, 2
537:, 2
533:, 2
529:, 2
161:news
1600:at
1579:at
1335:261
980:379
662:".
364:Op.
246:by
144:by
2947::
2871::
1904:)
1635:.
1532:.
1501:.
1491:.
1457:.
1418:.
1391:.
1355:.
1347:.
1337:.
1306:.
1272:.
1230:.
1016:^
999:^
593:.
581:,
577:,
573:,
569:,
565:,
561:,
557:,
435:.
403:.
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1969:(
1957:)
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1947:)
1943:(
1900:(
1879:)
1875:(
1863:)
1859:(
1754:/
1713:e
1706:t
1699:v
1643:.
1540:.
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51:(
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