65:
479:
44:
370:
451:
399:. The distance between the tips of its horns was as large as 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in). It probably weighed about 1,200 kilograms (2,600 lb) on average, though the largest males could have potentially attained weights of up to 2,000 kilograms (4,400 lb).
469:
Judging from the rock art, it seems pairs of the male animals (testes are illustrated) would fight by ramming each other's horns with their heads lowered – this is illustrated numerous times. Rock art also suggests that it may have lived in large herds.
422:
This buffalo had the broadest geographic distribution of any recently extinct species of
African bovid, being widespread throughout eastern, southern and northern Africa. Material has been dated to the Late Pleistocene, between 107 and 13 ka.
466:
was limited to wide-open areas with few trees. Isotopic and mesowear evidence indicate that it was a grazer, and its massive body size suggests that it consumed large quantities of low-quality forage.
774:
528:. This art not only indicates that the buffalo may have survived until recent times, it also indicates these animals were being actively hunted with spears, possibly by the first of the
294:. It was found at one meter in depth, when excavating the foundations of a new mill, and subsequently sent to Paris. Duvernoy believed this species to be closely related to the
576:
350:
in 1978. However, a link with the living Cape buffalo has been noted based on morphological and systematic grounds, and since 1994 it has been suggested that
259:. It was one of the largest species in its family, potentially weighing up to 2,000 kilograms (4,400 lb). Due to this fact, it is sometimes known as the
406:
are its massive horns. The largest horn cores can reach sizes of as much as 3 metres (9.8 ft) from tip to tip. The horns resembled those of the
1058:
887:. Carte de Géologie de l’Algérie - Paléontologie Monographies de Vertébrés (in French). Algiers: imprimerie P. Fontana. pp. 1–94, pl.1-10.
1114:
997:
Codron, D. (2008). "The evolution of ecological specialization in southern
African ungulates: competition or physical environmental turnover".
943:
Klein, R.G. (1980). "Environmental and ecological implications of large mammals from Upper
Pleistocene and Holocene sites in southern Africa".
978:
Gautier, A.; Muzzolini, A. (1991). "The life and times of the giant buffalo alias
Bubalus/Homoioceras/Pelorovis antiquus in North Africa".
1124:
691:
1109:
920:
757:
611:
391:
may have reached 3 metres (9.8 ft) in length from muzzle to the end of the tail, 1.85 metres (6.1 ft) in height at the
773:
MartĂnez-Navarro, Bienvenido; PĂ©rez-Claros, Juan
Antonio; Palombo, Maria Rita; Rook, Lorenzo; Palmqvist, Paul (September 2007).
267:
either became extinct at the end of the Late
Pleistocene about 12,000 years ago or during the Holocene, some 4,000 years ago.
1119:
1104:
535:
Its extinction has been variously attributed to human predation, climatic change, or some combination of the two.
64:
1026:
631:
555:
279:
190:
170:
797:
295:
960:
813:
407:
199:
59:
1099:
1071:
916:
753:
607:
478:
1076:
1006:
952:
888:
856:
805:
745:
722:
681:
643:
283:
248:
43:
673:
906:
505:
801:
1093:
1010:
956:
876:
686:
529:
517:
384:
383:
holds the distinction of being the largest bovid described from Africa. According to
964:
817:
647:
1049:
427:
396:
337:
321:
749:
369:
910:
880:
809:
559:
116:
30:
726:
892:
845:"The Long-Horned African Buffalo (Pelorovis antiquus) is an Extinct Species"
346:
76:
861:
844:
1043:
513:
493:
482:
435:
356:
287:
252:
244:
146:
96:
34:
1063:
713:
Bate, Dorothea M.A. (1949). "A new
African fossil long-horned buffalo".
632:"Late Pleistocene and Holocene mammal extinctions on continental Africa"
520:
coasts of North Africa. The art is found in a wide band stretching from
525:
521:
501:
392:
291:
136:
126:
572:], découverte en Algérie, caractérisée et décrite par M. Duvernoy"
450:
509:
256:
106:
86:
1020:
324:
recognized that these buffaloes were conspecific and not related to
577:
Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des
Sciences
477:
449:
368:
1024:
485:
of "great bubaline" from northern Africa, thought to depict
680:(in French). Aix-en-Provence: Edisud. pp. 1642–1647.
744:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 540–572.
462:
Due to possessing such vast horns, it seems likely that
344:), invalidating the genus. It was subsequently moved to
387:, who was able to examine numerous fossils in Algeria,
361:
This proposal has since gained widespread acceptance.
1033:
740:Maglio, Vincent J.; Cooke, H. B. S., eds. (1978).
912:The Princeton Field Guide to Prehistoric Mammals
395:, and 1.7 metres (5.6 ft) in height at the
550:
548:
328:, so she placed these fossils in a new genus,
434:suggests that this species survived into the
8:
560:"note sur une espèce de buffle fossile [
915:. Princeton University Press. p. 184.
442:have also been found in Holocene deposits.
336:was found to be synonymous with the living
263:. The time of its extinction is of debate;
1021:
282:in 1851 from a skull discovered along the
42:
20:
860:
685:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
496:has been found illustrating the species
838:
836:
834:
625:
623:
621:
619:
606:. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999
544:
715:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
7:
843:Klein, Richard G. (November 1994).
14:
849:Journal of Archaeological Science
694:from the original on 18 July 2020
1011:10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.16387.x
687:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1875
402:One of the defining features of
63:
648:10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.10.009
332:. However, the type species of
309:were described under the names
474:Recent survival and extinction
1:
1115:Pleistocene mammals of Africa
750:10.4159/harvard.9780674431263
604:Walker's Mammals of the World
957:10.1016/0033-5894(91)90019-2
742:Evolution of African Mammals
810:10.1016/j.yqres.2007.06.002
676:. In Camps, Gabriel (ed.).
305:. Several other fossils of
1141:
16:Extinct species of buffalo
1125:Extinct mammals of Africa
727:10.1080/00222934908526730
243:is an extinct species of
205:
198:
176:
169:
60:Scientific classification
58:
50:
41:
23:
1110:Pleistocene Artiodactyla
630:Faith, J. Tyler (2014).
893:10.5962/bhl.title.13867
672:Camps, Gabriel (1992).
556:Duvernoy, Georges Louis
426:However, rock art from
862:10.1006/jasc.1994.1072
489:
459:
438:. Possible fossils of
377:
280:Georges Louis Duvernoy
775:"The Olduvai buffalo
636:Earth-Science Reviews
481:
453:
372:
301:and classified it as
261:African giant buffalo
29:Temporal range: Late
1120:Holocene extinctions
678:Encyclopédie Berbère
430:seemingly depicting
224:Homoioceras antiquus
802:2007QuRes..68..220M
790:Quaternary Research
524:through Algeria to
296:Asian water buffalo
1105:Prehistoric bovids
907:Donald R. Prothero
779:and the origin of
674:"Bubalus antiquus"
492:A large amount of
490:
460:
408:wild water buffalo
378:
229:Pelorovis antiquus
1087:
1086:
1072:Open Tree of Life
1035:Syncerus antiquus
1027:Taxon identifiers
602:Ronald M. Nowak:
558:(December 1851).
498:Syncerus antiquus
464:Syncerus antiquus
456:Syncerus antiquus
432:Syncerus antiquus
404:Syncerus antiquus
381:Syncerus antiquus
375:Syncerus antiquus
299:(Bubalus bubalis)
286:near the city of
278:was described by
276:Syncerus antiquus
265:Syncerus antiquus
240:Syncerus antiquus
236:
235:
183:Syncerus antiquus
53:Syncerus antiquus
25:Syncerus antiquus
1132:
1080:
1079:
1067:
1066:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1022:
1015:
1014:
994:
988:
987:
975:
969:
968:
945:Ann. S. Afr. Mus
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
903:
897:
896:
883:Bubalus antiquus
873:
867:
866:
864:
840:
829:
828:
826:
824:
787:
770:
764:
763:
737:
731:
730:
710:
704:
703:
701:
699:
689:
669:
652:
651:
627:
614:
600:
594:
593:
591:
589:
552:
512:and near to the
315:Bubalus nilssoni
303:Bubalus antiquus
284:Bou Sellam River
249:Late Pleistocene
219:Bubalus nilssoni
209:Bubalus antiquus
185:
181:
162:S. antiquus
68:
67:
46:
21:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1075:
1070:
1062:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1029:
1019:
1018:
996:
995:
991:
980:Archaeozoologia
977:
976:
972:
942:
941:
937:
927:
925:
923:
905:
904:
900:
875:
874:
870:
842:
841:
832:
822:
820:
785:
772:
771:
767:
760:
739:
738:
734:
721:(17): 396–398.
712:
711:
707:
697:
695:
671:
670:
655:
629:
628:
617:
601:
597:
587:
585:
554:
553:
546:
541:
476:
454:Restoration of
448:
420:
367:
342:Syncerus caffer
273:
194:
187:
179:
178:
165:
62:
37:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1138:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1068:
1055:
1039:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1005:(3): 334–353.
989:
970:
935:
921:
898:
877:Pomel, Auguste
868:
855:(6): 725–733.
830:
796:(2): 220–226.
765:
758:
732:
705:
653:
615:
595:
543:
542:
540:
537:
530:Berber peoples
475:
472:
447:
444:
419:
416:
366:
363:
354:be moved into
311:Bubalus bainii
272:
269:
234:
233:
232:
231:
226:
221:
216:
214:Bubalus bainii
211:
203:
202:
196:
195:
188:
174:
173:
167:
166:
158:
156:
152:
151:
144:
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84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
56:
55:
48:
47:
39:
38:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1137:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
990:
985:
981:
974:
971:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
939:
936:
924:
922:9780691156828
918:
914:
913:
908:
902:
899:
894:
890:
886:
885:
882:
878:
872:
869:
863:
858:
854:
850:
846:
839:
837:
835:
831:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
784:
782:
778:
769:
766:
761:
759:9780674431256
755:
751:
747:
743:
736:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
709:
706:
693:
688:
683:
679:
675:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
654:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
626:
624:
622:
620:
616:
613:
612:0-8018-5789-9
609:
605:
599:
596:
583:
580:(in French).
579:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
557:
551:
549:
545:
538:
536:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:Mediterranean
515:
511:
507:
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499:
495:
488:
484:
480:
473:
471:
467:
465:
457:
452:
445:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
417:
415:
413:
412:Bubalus arnee
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:Auguste Pomel
382:
376:
371:
364:
362:
360:
358:
353:
349:
348:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
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186:
184:
175:
172:
171:Binomial name
168:
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142:
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138:
135:
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128:
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78:
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61:
57:
54:
49:
45:
40:
36:
32:
26:
22:
19:
1034:
1002:
998:
992:
983:
979:
973:
948:
944:
938:
926:. Retrieved
911:
901:
884:
881:
871:
852:
848:
821:. Retrieved
793:
789:
780:
776:
768:
741:
735:
718:
714:
708:
696:. Retrieved
677:
639:
635:
603:
598:
586:. Retrieved
581:
575:
569:
565:
561:
534:
497:
491:
486:
468:
463:
461:
455:
446:Paleoecology
439:
431:
428:North Africa
425:
421:
418:Distribution
414:) in shape.
411:
403:
401:
397:hindquarters
388:
380:
379:
374:
355:
351:
345:
341:
338:Cape buffalo
333:
329:
325:
322:Dorothy Bate
319:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
275:
274:
264:
260:
239:
238:
237:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
182:
177:
161:
160:
147:
117:Artiodactyla
52:
24:
18:
951:: 223–283.
642:: 105–121.
487:S. antiquus
440:S. antiquus
389:S. antiquus
365:Description
352:P. antiquus
330:Homoioceras
307:S. antiquus
133:Subfamily:
31:Pleistocene
1094:Categories
1050:Q107969812
539:References
458:(far left)
334:Homoiceros
928:31 August
823:8 January
777:Pelorovis
698:31 August
588:31 August
584:: 595–597
373:Skull of
347:Pelorovis
320:In 1949,
247:from the
155:Species:
83:Kingdom:
77:Eukaryota
51:Skull of
1100:Syncerus
1064:11327982
1044:Wikidata
986:: 39–92.
965:59359208
909:(2016).
879:(1893).
818:55104027
692:Archived
570:antiquus
514:Atlantic
494:rock art
483:Rock art
436:Holocene
357:Syncerus
271:Taxonomy
253:Holocene
200:Synonyms
191:Duvernoy
148:Syncerus
123:Family:
107:Mammalia
97:Chordata
93:Phylum:
87:Animalia
73:Domain:
35:Holocene
1077:3611851
798:Bibcode
562:Bubalis
526:Morocco
522:Tunisia
502:Maghreb
500:in the
393:withers
326:Bubalus
292:Algeria
245:buffalo
193:, 1851)
180:†
159:†
143:Genus:
137:Bovinae
127:Bovidae
113:Order:
103:Class:
963:
919:
816:
756:
610:
510:Sahara
508:, the
504:, the
257:Africa
999:Oikos
961:S2CID
814:S2CID
786:(PDF)
506:Atlas
288:SĂ©tif
1059:GBIF
930:2022
917:ISBN
825:2020
754:ISBN
700:2022
608:ISBN
590:2022
566:Arni
516:and
313:and
251:and
1007:doi
1003:117
953:doi
889:doi
857:doi
806:doi
781:Bos
746:doi
723:doi
682:doi
644:doi
640:128
255:of
1096::
1074::
1061::
1046::
1001:.
982:.
959:.
949:81
947:.
853:21
851:.
847:.
833:^
812:.
804:.
794:68
792:.
788:.
752:.
717:.
690:.
656:^
638:.
634:.
618:^
582:33
574:.
568:)
547:^
532:.
317:.
290:,
33:-
1013:.
1009::
984:4
967:.
955::
932:.
895:.
891::
865:.
859::
827:.
808::
800::
783:"
762:.
748::
729:.
725::
719:2
702:.
684::
650:.
646::
592:.
564:(
410:(
359:.
340:(
189:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
