540:
77:
418:
52:
33:
389:, causing sour foods to taste sweet. At neutral pH, miraculin binds and blocks the receptors, but at low pH (resulting from ingestion of sour foods) miraculin binds proteins and becomes able to activate the sweet receptors, resulting in the perception of sweet taste. This effect lasts until the protein is washed away by saliva (up to about 30 minutes).
530:
that grows 1.8–4.5 m (5.9–14.8 ft) in height and has dense foliage. Its leaves are 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) long, 2.0–3.7 cm (0.79–1.46 in) wide, and glabrous below. They are clustered at the ends of the branchlets. The flowers are white. It carries red, 2 cm
645:, declaring it as an "illegal undeclared sweetener". However the ban does not apply when it is imported from other countries. In 2021, the company Baïa Food Co. in Spain was granted to put Dried Miracle Berry on the market in the EU.
1918:
1412:
490:
In the 1980s in the United States, an attempt was made to commercialize the fruit for its ability to mask non-sweet foods as sweet without a caloric cost, but became compromised when the
1240:
Hirai, Tadayoshi; Go
Fukukawa; Hideo Kakuta; Naoya Fukuda; Hiroshi Ezura (2010). "Production of Recombinant Miraculin Using Transgenic Tomatoes in a Closed Cultivation System".
428:
1816:
1596:
1898:
1635:
1883:
1178:
Inglett, G. E.; Dowling, B.; Albrecht, J. J.; Hoglan, F. A. (1965). "Taste
Modifiers, Taste-Modifying Properties of Miracle Fruit (Synsepalum Dulcificum)".
502:
could purchase a pill form of miraculin. This interest had a revival in food-tasting events at which tasters consume sour and bitter foods, such as lemons,
1039:
1070:
554:
as low as 4.5 to 5.8, in an environment free from frost and in partial shade with high humidity. It is tolerant of drought, full sunshine, and slopes.
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1285:"Genetically stable expression of functional miraculin, a new type of alternative sweetener, in transgenic tomato plants"
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76:
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440:
983:
Koizumi A, Tsuchiya A, Nakajima K, Ito K, Terada T, Shimizu-Ibuka A, Briand L, Asakura T, Misaka T, Abe K (2011).
1640:
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The plants first bear fruit after growing about 3–4 years, and produce two crops per year, after the end of the
218:
400:
1834:
1692:
1413:"Baïa Food eyes 'untapped' potential of 'Dried Miracle Berries' in sugar reduction after Novel Foods approval"
539:
1035:
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The seeds need 14 to 21 days to germinate. A spacing of 4 m (13 ft) between plants is suggested.
1451:
592:
483:
for many different fruits in a 1725 excursion, noticed that local people picked the berry from shrubs and
476:
193:
1562:
1795:
699:
662:
Botanic
Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2018).
626:, but has been used as a sweetener and flavoring agent for diverse beverages and foods, such as beer,
1531:
911:. Vol. 58: Seeds and plants imported. United States Department of Agriculture. 1919. p. 42.
475:. Outsiders began learning this fruit since at least the 18th century, when a European explorer, the
1888:
953:
41:
1855:
1713:
1222:
1151:
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plant produces small, red berries, while white flowers are produced for many months of the year.
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The berry has been used in West Africa for a long time. It is a part of the diet of the
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101:
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61:
56:
1226:
1205:
Inglett, G. E.; May, J. F. (1968). "Tropical plants with unusual taste properties".
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The berry itself has a low sugar content and a mildly sweet tang. It contains a
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343:
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404:, which are two other species used to alter the perceived sweetness of foods.
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985:"Human sweet taste receptor mediates acid-induced sweetness of miraculin"
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127:
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479:, provided an account of its use there. Des Marchais, who was searching
1782:
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1218:
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292:
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503:
295:
1445:
1283:
Sun, Hyeon-Jin; Hiroshi
Kataoka; Megumu Yano; Hiroshi Ezura (2007).
927:"Ancient Berry, Modern Miracle: The Sweet Benefits of Miracle Fruit"
873:
518:, then experience the perceived change to sweetness with miraculin.
1808:
1588:
622:. Historically, it was also used to improve the flavor of soured
614:
In tropical West Africa, where this species originates, the fruit
583:
538:
527:
307:
88:
637:
Since 2011, the United States FDA has imposed a ban on importing
1536:
515:
303:
1449:
764:
Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops
411:
602:
plants have been developed in research projects that produce
498:
and required evidence of safety. For a time in the 1970s, US
427:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
551:
1441:
Miracle fruit facts from the
California Rare Fruit Growers
531:(0.79 in) long fruits. Each fruit contains one seed.
954:"Miracle berry lets Japanese dieters get sweet from sour"
392:
The names miracle fruit and miracle berry are shared by
436:
1919:
Taxa named by
Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher
1729:
1458:
16:
Plant from West Africa with a taste-modifying berry
1392:. US Food and Drug Administration. 5 February 2018
860:Bascom, William R. (January 1951). "Yoruba Food".
1145:Farrell, Patrick; Kassie Bracken (28 May 2008).
803:James A. Duke, Judith L. DuCellier, ed. (1993).
855:
853:
830:John C. Roecklein, PingSun Leung, ed. (1987).
385:is eaten, this molecule binds to the tongue's
425:The examples and perspective in this section
8:
641:(specifying 'miraculin') from its origin in
1338:. Cambridge University Press. p. 266.
737:World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference
734:Wiersema, John Harry; León, Blanca (1999).
1446:
1242:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
1180:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
1063:"Sweet and sour tale of the miracle berry"
443:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
50:
31:
20:
1300:
1010:
1000:
459:Learn how and when to remove this message
1335:Medicinal plants in tropical West Africa
1036:"Miracle fruit turns sour things sweet"
920:
918:
836:. Transaction Publishers. p. 412.
767:. Vol. 2. Springer. p. 1660.
654:
326:for this species and its berry include
901:
899:
806:CRC handbook of alternative cash crops
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
1899:Flora of West-Central Tropical Africa
1361:"A Tiny Fruit That Tricks the Tongue"
1147:"A Tiny Fruit That Tricks the Tongue"
1073:from the original on 16 November 2011
868:(1). Cambridge University Press: 47.
729:
727:
725:
550:The plant grows best in soils with a
7:
1359:Farrell P, Bracken K (28 May 2008).
952:McCurry, Justin (25 November 2005).
1884:IUCN Red List least concern species
1126:from the original on 31 August 2008
964:from the original on 29 August 2013
933:from the original on 10 August 2009
673:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1411:foodnavigator.com (15 June 2021).
1042:from the original on 27 March 2009
578:In Africa, leaves are attacked by
14:
1159:from the original on 12 June 2008
925:Levin, Rachel B. (23 June 2009).
781:from the original on 4 June 2016.
704:(Schumach. & Thonn.) Daniell"
314:) subsequently consumed to taste
1835:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:786010-1
1693:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:789924-1
1302:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2007.00283.x
1120:"Super Lettuce Turns Sour Sweet"
571:The seeds are about the size of
416:
346:, where the species originates,
75:
1118:Rowe, Aaron (7 December 2006).
1099:from the original on 1 May 2008
1034:Park, Madison (25 March 2009).
809:. CRC Press. pp. 433–434.
582:, and fruits are infested with
260:(Schumach. & Thonn.) Baehni
253:(Schumach. & Thonn.) Baehni
238:(Schumach. & Thonn.) Dubard
1061:Mangold, Tom (28 April 2008).
596:has been found on this plant.
267:(Schumach. & Thonn.) A.DC.
1:
1894:Flora of West Tropical Africa
373:molecule, with some trailing
1904:Fruits originating in Africa
989:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
833:A Profile of economic plants
492:Food and Drug Administration
1390:Import Alert 45-07; Taiwan"
1289:Plant Biotechnology Journal
710:. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
439:, discuss the issue on the
1935:
1332:Oliver-Bever, Bep (1986).
761:Peter Hanelt, ed. (2001).
740:. CRC Press. p. 661.
708:Plants of the World Online
494:classified the berry as a
219:William Freeman Danielferl
302:that, when eaten, causes
232:
225:
199:
192:
72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
401:Thaumatococcus daniellii
383:fleshy part of the fruit
318:. This effect is due to
1002:10.1073/pnas.1016644108
680:: e.T87719610A147296202
1095:. BBC. 28 April 2008.
593:Rigidoporus microporus
547:
477:Chevalier des Marchais
298:. It is known for its
264:Sideroxylon dulcificum
246:Schumach. & Thonn.
1490:Synsepalum dulcificum
1460:Synsepalum dulcificum
1388:Synsepalum dulcificum
702:Synsepalum dulcificum
666:Synsepalum dulcificum
639:Synsepalum dulcificum
542:
284:Synsepalum dulcificum
257:Richardella dulcifica
203:Synsepalum dulcificum
25:Synsepalum dulcificum
929:. thefoodpaper.com.
580:lepidopterous larvae
543:Small specimen in a
437:improve this section
271:Synsepalum glycydora
235:Bakeriella dulcifica
1192:10.1021/jf60139a026
1093:"The miracle berry"
618:is used to sweeten
610:Uses and regulation
42:Conservation status
1365:The New York Times
1219:10.1007/BF02908127
1152:The New York Times
1122:. Wired Magazine.
548:
291:family, native to
287:is a plant in the
250:Pouteria dulcifica
185:S. dulcificum
1914:Sugar substitutes
1871:
1870:
1731:Bumelia dulcifica
1649:Open Tree of Life
1452:Taxon identifiers
1417:foodnavigator.com
1254:10.1021/jf100414v
1248:(10): 6096–6101.
600:Transgenic tomato
487:it before meals.
469:
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395:Gymnema sylvestre
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562:rainy season
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375:carbohydrate
371:glycoprotein
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1571:iNaturalist
1484:Wikispecies
588:fruit flies
535:Cultivation
481:West Africa
449:August 2012
381:. When the
344:West Africa
340:sweet berry
115:Angiosperms
1889:Synsepalum
1878:Categories
1667:kew-199113
1662:Plant List
1396:9 February
1077:31 October
960:. London.
684:16 January
649:References
387:taste buds
289:Sapotaceae
172:Synsepalum
161:Sapotaceae
1746:Q85194400
1422:29 August
1311:1467-7644
1262:0021-8561
937:20 August
890:149837516
628:cocktails
624:cornbread
620:palm wine
604:miraculin
566:evergreen
512:hot sauce
441:talk page
379:miraculin
342:, and in
320:miraculin
211:Schumach.
179:Species:
85:Kingdom:
1848:28700450
1843:Tropicos
1822:11443020
1809:786010-1
1740:Wikidata
1706:28700443
1701:Tropicos
1628:87719610
1602:10248574
1589:789924-1
1508:BioLib:
1469:Wikidata
1319:17692073
1270:20426470
1227:44903479
1157:Archived
1124:Archived
1097:Archived
1071:Archived
1067:The Week
1046:25 March
1040:Archived
1021:21949380
962:Archived
931:Archived
779:Archived
526:It is a
504:radishes
435:You may
293:tropical
227:Synonyms
157:Family:
151:Ericales
141:Asterids
128:Eudicots
62:IUCN 3.1
1909:Berries
1783:2886040
1550:2886039
1537:1149984
1475:Q918795
1130:22 July
1038:. CNN.
1012:3189030
882:1156157
714:6 March
632:pickles
564:. This
508:pickles
500:dieters
408:History
348:àgbáyun
274:Wernham
167:Genus:
147:Order:
89:Plantae
60: (
1754:APDB:
1675:PLANTS
1654:208039
1615:505958
1576:426748
1511:209961
1498:APDB:
1370:17 May
1342:
1317:
1309:
1268:
1260:
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1163:28 May
1103:28 May
1019:
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968:28 May
888:
880:
862:Africa
840:
813:
771:
744:
643:Taiwan
584:larvae
514:, and
485:chewed
364:ledidi
362:, and
352:Yoruba
308:lemons
296:Africa
215:Thonn.
213:&
1817:IRMNG
1770:68S9G
1757:91910
1597:IRMNG
1563:36056
1524:53YLS
1501:91441
1223:S2CID
886:S2CID
878:JSTOR
528:shrub
356:taami
316:sweet
312:limes
300:berry
135:Clade
122:Clade
109:Clade
96:Clade
1830:POWO
1804:IPNI
1796:8137
1791:GRIN
1778:GBIF
1688:POWO
1680:SYDU
1641:3743
1636:NCBI
1623:IUCN
1610:ITIS
1584:IPNI
1558:GRIN
1545:GBIF
1424:2022
1398:2018
1372:2016
1340:ISBN
1315:PMID
1307:ISSN
1266:PMID
1258:ISSN
1165:2008
1132:2008
1105:2008
1079:2011
1048:2009
1017:PMID
970:2008
939:2009
838:ISBN
811:ISBN
769:ISBN
742:ISBN
716:2019
686:2023
678:2018
616:pulp
516:beer
398:and
360:asaa
350:(in
310:and
304:sour
1856:WFO
1765:CoL
1714:WFO
1532:EoL
1519:CoL
1297:doi
1250:doi
1215:doi
1188:doi
1007:PMC
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