1117:. Under U.S. copyright law, distribution of creative works whose copyright is owned by another party is illegal without permission from the copyright owner, usually in the form of a license; the GPL is such a license, and thus allows distribution, but only under limited conditions. Since IBM released the relevant code under the terms of the GPL, it claims that the only permission that SCO has to copy and distribute IBM's code in Linux is under the terms and conditions of the GPL, one of which requires the distributor to "accept" the GPL. IBM says that SCO violated the GPL by denouncing the GPL's validity, and by claiming that the GPL violates the U.S. Constitution, together with copyright, antitrust and export control laws. IBM also claims that SCO's SCOsource program is incompatible with the requirement that redistributions of GPLed works must be free of copyright licensing fees (fees may be charged for the acts of duplication and support). IBM has brought counterclaims alleging that SCO has violated the GPL and breached IBM's copyrights by collecting licensing fees while distributing IBM's copyrighted material.
805:. Under the APA, Santa Cruz (and later SCO after SCO purchased Santa Cruz Operation's Unix Business) was given the right to market and sell Unixware as a product, retaining 100% of all revenues. Santa Cruz Operation (and later SCO) also was given the responsibility of administering Unix SVR4 license agreements on behalf of Novell. When money was paid for licensing, SCO was to turn over 100% of the revenue to Novell, and then Novell would return 5% as an Administration Fee. Novell claims that SCO signed Unix SVR4 licensing agreements with Microsoft and Sun Microsystems, as well as with numerous Linux End Users for Unix IP allegedly in the Linux Kernel, and then refused to turn the money over to Novell. Novell is suing for 100% of the revenue, claiming SCO is not entitled to the 5% administration fee since they breached their contract with Novell. Novell's counterclaims proposed asking the court to put appropriate funds from SCO into escrow until the case is resolved, since SCO's cash is diminishing quickly.
1455:...of SCO's executive management refusing to believe that it was possible for Linux and much of the GNU software to have come into existence without *someone* *somewhere* having copied pieces of proprietary UNIX source code to which SCO owned the copyright. The hope was that we would find a "smoking gun" somewhere in code that was being used by Red Hat and/or the other Linux companies that would give us some leverage. (There was, at one stage, the idea that we would sell licences to corporate customers who were using Linux as a kind of "insurance policy" in case it turned out that they were using code which infringed on our copyright).
844:. This was based on SCO's claim of unrestricted ownership of the System V licensing contracts inherited from USL. IBM ignored the license cancellation, claiming that an amendment to the original license made it "irrevocable". In addition, as part of the Purchase Agreement, Novell retained certain rights of control over the administration of the licenses which were sold, including rights to act on SCO's behalf in some cases. Novell exercised one of these rights by revoking SCO's cancellation of the IBM license. SCO disputed the validity of both of these actions, and amended its
4345:
1477:
1293:, a former UNIX user and current Linux user, did not respond to this demand. On March 3, 2004, SCO filed suit against DaimlerChrysler for violating their UNIX license agreement by failing to respond to the certification request. Almost every claim SCO made has been ruled against in summary judgment. The last remaining issue, that of whether DaimlerChrysler made a timely response, was dismissed by agreement of SCO and DaimlerChrysler in December 2004. SCO retains the right to continue this case at a future date, providing it pays legal fees to DaimlerChrysler.
1429:
money for it came directly from them. In addition to the
Baystar involvement, Microsoft paid SCO $ 6M (USD) in May 2003 for a license to "Unix and Unix-related patents", despite the lack of Unix-related patents owned by SCO. License deals between both companies may have reached at least $ 16M (USD) according to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings. This deal was widely seen in the press as a boost to SCO's finances which would help SCO with its lawsuit against IBM.
986:
AutoZone copying certain libraries (outside the Linux kernel) from a UNIX system to a Linux-based system to facilitate moving an internal application to the Linux platform faster; SCO's original complaint does not appear to mention these libraries. AutoZone denies having done this with UNIX libraries. If SCO's oral description of their case is the correct one, then their AutoZone claim has nothing to do with the Linux kernel or the actions of any distributors.
5010:
4357:
648:, and licensing contracts originating with AT&T, saying that these are inherited through the same chain of sales. The primary document SCO presents as evidence of these claims is the "Asset Purchase Agreement", defining the sale between Novell and the Santa Cruz Operation. SCO says that this includes all copyrights to the UNIX code base and contractual rights to the licensing base. The other parties disagree.
5000:
445:
1044:, rights which allow them to prohibit IBM from publicizing the code they wrote, even though IBM owns the copyrights. They base this claim on language in the original license agreement that requires non-disclosure of the code and claim that all code developed by UNIX licensees that is used with the code under license be held in confidence. This claim is discussed above at
797:
not the Asset
Purchase Agreement transferred the relevant copyrights, reasoning that the ASA amendment by which SCO was claiming to have acquired those rights contained no transfer language in the form of "seller hereby conveys to buyer" and that it used ambiguous language when it came to the question of when and how and which rights were to be transferred.
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by the claimed purchaser), SCO claimed to offer corporate users of Linux a license at US$ 699 per processor running Linux. However, many individuals have found it impossible to buy such a license from SCO. SCO says that participants of the SCOsource initiative are not liable for any claims that SCO makes against Linux users.
1157:
should have, at least articulated which methods and concepts formed "the basis of their action against IBM." At a minimum, SCO should have identified the code behind their method and concepts in the final submission pursuant to this original order entered in
December 2003 and Judge Kimball’s order entered in July 2005.
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The consultant was to review the Linux code and compare it to Unix source code, to find possible copyright infringement. Davidson himself said that he had not expected to find anything significant based on his own knowledge of the code and had voiced his opinion that it was "a waste of time". After 4
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After their initial claim of copyright infringement in the Linux kernel, The SCO Group started their SCOsource initiative, which sells licenses of SCO's claimed copyrighted software, other than OpenServer and
Unixware licenses. After a small number of high-profile sales (including one that was denied
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SCO has also claimed, in early stages of the litigation, that the GPL is invalid and non-binding and legally unenforceable. In response, supporters of the GPL, such as Eben Moglen, claimed that SCO's right to distribute Linux relied upon the GPL being a valid copyright license. Later court filings by
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has reported allegations that SCO may have copied parts of the Linux kernel into SCO UNIX as part of its Linux Kernel
Personality feature. If true, this would mean that SCO is guilty of a breach of the Linux kernel copyrights. SCO has denied this allegation, but according to Groklaw, one SCO employee
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Many UNIX licensees have added features to the core UNIX SVRx system and those new features contain computer code not in the original SVRx code base. In most cases, software copyright is owned by the person or company that develops the code. SCO, however, claims that the original licensing agreements
1428:
On March 4, 2004, a leaked SCO internal e-mail detailed how
Microsoft had raised up to $ 106 million via the BayStar referral and other means. Blake Stowell of SCO confirmed the memo was real, but claimed it to be "a misunderstanding". BayStar claimed the deal was suggested by Microsoft, but that no
1219:
On August 10, 2007, Judge Dale
Kimball, hearing the SCO v. Novell case, ruled that "the court concludes that Novell is the owner of the UNIX and UnixWare Copyrights". Novell was awarded summary judgments on a number of claims, and a number of SCO claims were denied. SCO was instructed to account for
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copyrights. SCO's claim for special damages was dismissed on June 9, 2004, for "failure to specifically plead special damages." However, SCO was given 30 days "to amend its complaint to more specifically plead special damages". In the same ruling, the judge stated that it was questionable whether or
1138:
On March 7, 2003, SCO filed suit against IBM. Initially this lawsuit was about breach of contract and trade secrets. Later, SCO dropped the trade secrets claim, so the claim is breach of contract. SCO also added a copyright claim related to IBM's continued use of AIX, but not related to Linux. The
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SCO has claimed that some are violating UNIX SVRx copyrights by putting UNIX code into Linux. They may or may not have brought this claim directly in any of their cases. The IBM case is about derivative works, not SVRx code (see below). The Novell case is about copyright ownership. DaimlerChrysler
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SCO also claimed line-for-line literal copying of code from UNIX code files to Linux kernel files and obfuscated copying of code, but originally refused to publicly identify which code was in violation. SCO submitted to the court evidence of their claims under seal but much of it was excluded from
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was not owned by SCO. That left arguing over trade secrets, which, after some opposition, was hard to take beyond a breach of contract between SCO and IBM, and consequentially, a claim only against IBM. SCO was looking for something directed at the greater Linux community, and has since explicitly
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Each of these has a different set of issues. In order for copyright to be violated, several conditions must be met. First, the claimant must be able to show that they own the copyrights for the material in question. Second, all or a significant part of the source must be present in the infringing
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IBM claims that the license agreement (noted in the $ Echo newsletter of April 1985) and subsequent licenses defines derivative works as the developer's property. This leaves IBM free to do as it wishes with its new code. In August 2004, IBM filed a motion for partial summary judgment. The motion
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Novell also retained the right to audit SCO's Unix
Licensing Business under the APA. Novell claims that SCO has not turned over vital information about the Microsoft, Sun, and Linux End User License Agreements, despite repeated demands by Novell for them to do so. Novell, in another claim that is
1223:
On July 16, 2008, the trial court issued an order awarding Novell $ 2,547,817 and ruled that SCO was not authorized to enter into the 2003 agreement with Sun. On
November 20, 2008, final judgment in the case affirmed the August 10 ruling, and added interest of $ 918,122 plus $ 489 per diem after
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The "may or may not" comes from AutoZone's case. In AutoZone, SCO's complaint claimed damages for AutoZone's use of Linux. However, when objecting to AutoZone's request for a stay pending the IBM case, SCO apparently contradicted their written complaint, claiming that the case was entirely about
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In
December 2003, near the beginning of this case, the court ordered SCO to, "identify and state with specificity the source code(s) that SCO is claiming forms the basis of their action against IBM." Even if SCO lacked the code behind methods and concepts at this early stage, SCO could have and
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stated that IBM has the right to do as it wishes with software not part of the original SVRx code. In February 2005, the motion was dismissed as premature, because discovery was not yet complete. IBM refiled this motion along with other summary judgment motions as noted below in September 2006.
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SCO filed an amended complaint. In late July, 2005, Novell filed an answer to SCO's complaint, denying all of its accusations. Novell also filed its own Slander of Title counter-lawsuit against SCO. Novell has also filed claims for numerous breaches of the APA (Asset Purchase Agreement) between
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On July 29, 2005, Novell filed its answer with the court, denying SCO's claims. Novell also filed counterclaims asking the court to force SCO to turn over the revenues it had received from UNIX licenses, less a 5% administrative fee. Additionally, Novell asked the court to place the funds in a
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Viewed against the backdrop of SCO's plethora of public statements concerning IBM's and others' infringement of SCO's purported copyrights to the UNIX software, it is astonishing that SCO has not offered any competent evidence to create a disputed fact regarding whether IBM has infringed SCO's
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The Novell to Santa Cruz Operation Asset Purchase Agreement also involved the administration of some 6000 standing licensing agreements between various UNIX users and the previous owners. These licensees include universities, software corporations and computer hardware companies. SCO's claimed
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into the market about using them. However, it was unable to formulate such a case, since the Unix copyrights were weakly worded, there was no basis in patent law, and breach of trade secrets would only affect the one or few companies who might have been alleged to have disclosed trade secrets.
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back to trial on the issues of copyright ownership and Novell's contractual waiver rights. The court upheld the $ 2,547,817 award granted to Novell for the 2003 Sun agreement. On March 30, 2010, after a three-week trial before Judge Ted Stewart, a jury returned a verdict "confirming Novell's
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SCO has stated that they did not know their own code was in Linux, so releasing it under the GPL does not count. However, as late as July and August 2006, long after that claim was made, they were still distributing ELF files (the subject of one of SCO's claims regarding SVRx) under the GPL.
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On June 28, 2006, Judge Brooke Wells granted, in part, IBM's motion to limit SCO's claims and excluded 186 of SCO's 294 items of allegedly misused intellectual property (IBM had challenged 201 of them for various reasons). Wells cited a number of factors including SCO's inability to provide
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file format standards. This material was developed by the Tool Interface Standard (TIS) Committee and placed in the public domain. SCO claims that the TIS Committee had no authority to place ELF in the public domain, even though SCO's predecessor in interest was a member of the committee.
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operating system. The court also ruled that "SCO is obligated to recognize Novell's waiver of SCO's claims against IBM and Sequent". After the ruling, Novell announced they had no interest in suing people over Unix and stated "We don't believe there is Unix in Linux". The final district
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On March 30, 2010, following a jury trial, Novell, and not The SCO Group, was unanimously found to be the owner of the UNIX and UnixWare copyrights. The SCO Group, through bankruptcy trustee Edward Cahn, decided to continue the lawsuit against IBM for causing a decline in SCO revenues.
1001:. Red Hat asks for an injunction to stop claims of violations without proof. They also ask for a judgment that they violated no SCO copyrights. A hearing on the IBM motion was held on September 15, 2004. Judge Kimball took the motion under advisement. The Red Hat case is on hold.
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On September 26, 2008, Judge Robert C. Jones lifted the stay, effective December 31, 2008. He initially scheduled discovery for April 9, 2010. SCO filed an amended complaint on August 14, 2009. On August 31, 2009, AutoZone replied, and filed a motion to dismiss in part.
625:(USL), a division of AT&T. In 1993, USL sold all UNIX rights and assets to Novell, including copyrights, trademarks, and active licensing contracts. Some of these rights and assets, plus additional assets derived from Novell's development work, were then sold to the
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which had arranged for $ 50M in funding for SCO in October 2003, was asking for its $ 20M back. The remainder of the $ 50M was from Royal Bank of Canada. SCO stated in their press release that they believed that BayStar did not have grounds for making this demand.
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Red Hat filed suit against SCO on August 4, 2003. Red Hat sued SCO for false advertising, deceptive trade practices and asked for a declaratory judgment of noninfringement of any of SCO's copyrights. This case has been stayed pending resolution of the IBM case.
1139:
judge subsequently stated that the SCO Group had indeed made a claim of copyright infringement against IBM regarding Linux. IBM filed multiple counter claims, including charges of both patent violations, which were later dropped, and violation of copyright law.
1446:
On July 14, 2005, an email was unsealed that had been sent from Michael Davidson to Reg Broughton (both Caldera International employees) in 2002, before many of the lawsuits. In it, Davidson reported how the company had hired an outside consultant because
1074:, with Caldera Systems taking over the Linux systems business and Caldera Thin Clients concentrating on the Thin Clients and embedded business. The parent and shell company Caldera, Inc. ceased to exist in 2000 after a settlement with Microsoft in the
903:
program, where SCO has demanded that Linux users obtain licenses from SCOsource to be properly licensed to use the code in question. Exactly which parts of Linux are involved remains unclear as many of their claims are still under seal in the
1262:, a corporate user of Linux and former user of SCO OpenServer, was sued by SCO on March 3, 2004. SCO claims AutoZone violated SCO's copyrights by using Linux. The suit was stayed pending the resolution of the IBM, Red Hat and Novell cases.
368:
SCO initially claimed, and tried to assert, a legal means to litigate directly against all end-users of these operating systems, as well as the companies or groups providing them—potentially a very substantial case and one that would
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and pass to Novell an appropriate portion of income relating to SCOSource licences to Sun Microsystems and Microsoft. A number of matters are not disposed of by Judge Kimball's ruling, and the outcome of these are still pending.
851:
In December 2003, SCO demanded that all UNIX licensees certify some items, some related to the use of Linux, that were not provided for in the license agreement language. Since DaimlerChrysler failed to respond, SCO filed the
341:, but the area of IP ownership was complex. By 2003, the rights in Unix had been transferred several times and there was dispute as to the correct owner in law. Also, some of the code within Unix had been written prior to the
1362:
operating system competes with Linux. In 2003, BayStar looked at SCO on the recommendation of Microsoft, according to Lawrence R. Goldfarb, managing partner of BayStar Capital: "It was evident that Microsoft had an agenda".
767:'s interpretation of the purchase agreement. In response to a letter SCO sent to 1500 companies on May 12, 2003, Novell exchanged a series of letters with SCO beginning in May 2003, claiming that the copyrights for the core
1208:. Novell claimed these statements were false, and that they still owned the rights in question. After Novell registered the copyrights to some key UNIX products, SCO filed suit against Novell on January 20, 2004. Novell
947:. Besides the unresolved issue of what was actually transferred from Novell to Santa Cruz Operation, there are also the portions of the SVRx code base that are covered by BSD copyrights or that are in the public domain.
1037:(NUMA). This code is questionably in the Linux kernel, and may have been added by IBM through the normal kernel submission process. This code was developed and copyrighted by IBM. IBM added features to AIX and Dynix.
962:, was distributed under the BSD License and is freely usable by anyone. The second example was related to memory allocation functions, also released under the BSD License. It is no longer in the Linux code base.
1310:
SCO will continue to support our SCO Linux and OpenLinux customers and partners who have previously implemented those products and we will hold them harmless from any SCO intellectual property issues regarding
1273:, SCO's Chapter 11 trustee, sought bankruptcy court approval for an agreement he reached with AutoZone. According to the court filings, the confidential settlement resolves all claims between SCO and AutoZone.
879:. SCO's initial complaint, said that IBM violated the original licensing agreement by not maintaining confidentiality with the new code, developed and copyrighted by IBM, and releasing it to the Linux project.
504:
into Linux". However, the company refused to identify the specific segments of code, claiming that it was a secret which they would reveal only to the court. They did say that the code could be found in the
915:
that IBM had violated trade secrets. But these alleged violations by IBM would not have involved Linux distributors or end users. SCO's trade secret claims were dropped by SCO in their amended complaint.
825:
ownership of the licenses has become an issue in three aspects of the SCO–Linux controversies. The first was the cancellation of IBM's license, the second was SCO's complaint against DaimlerChrysler (see
714:
1397:
Until February 2005, Canopy held SCO shares, and the management of SCO held shares of Canopy. The two parties became embroiled in a bitter dispute when the Noorda family sought to oust board member
1040:
SCO claims that they have "control rights" to this due to their licensing agreements with IBM. SCO disavows claiming that they own the code IBM wrote, rather comparing their "control rights" to an
644:
Through this chain of sales, SCO claims to be the "owner of UNIX". The validity of these claims is hotly contested by others. SCO claims copyright to all UNIX code developed by USL, referred to as
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that Novell and not SCO was the owner of the Unix copyrights. As of 2016, most of these cases have been resolved, or largely resolved, and none of the rulings have been in SCO's favor.
377:
The assertions were heavily contested. Claims of SCO's own copyright violations of these other systems were raised, along with claims related to SCO being bound by, or violating, the
2720:
1249:
On August 30, 2011, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the District Court ruling in its entirety, rejecting SCO's attempt to re-argue the case before the Court of Appeals.
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also filed a legal claim against SCO for making false claims that affected its (Red Hat's) business, and to seek a court declaration that SCO had no ownership rights in Linux code.
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invested US$ 50 million in The SCO Group to support the legal cost of SCO's Linux campaign. Later it was shown that BayStar was referred to SCO by Microsoft, whose proprietary
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back to trial on the issues of copyright ownership and Novell's contractual waiver rights. The court upheld the $ 2,547,817 award granted to Novell for the 2003 Sun agreement.
4640:
3907:
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SCO now had little legal ground at this point and therefore began numerous legal claims and threats against many of the major names in the computer industry, including IBM,
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This left about 100 of SCO's items of allegedly misused intellectual property (the merits of which have not yet been judged), out of 294 items originally disclosed by SCO.
4572:
219:
1500:
1324:) was not related to original UNIX code at all. The other example did, however, seem to originate from the UNIX code and was apparently contributed by a UNIX vendor,
993:. The issue is central to a pending motion by IBM, stating that IBM violated no copyrights in its Linux related activities. It is also addressed by Red Hat in the
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SCO's claims are derived from several contracts that may have transferred UNIX System V Release 4 intellectual property assets. The UNIX IP rights originated with
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3196:
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In cases, SCO publicly implied that a number of other parties have committed copyright infringement, including not only Linux developers, but also Linux users.
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The code did not do anything. It was in a part of the Linux kernel that was written in anticipation of a Silicon Graphics architecture that was never released.
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into Linux. That amount later rose to $ 3 billion, and then again to $ 5 billion. Later that year in May 2003, Novell stated publicly that it owned the
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The code originated from an even older version of UNIX which at some point was published by Caldera, thus making any claim of copyright infringement shaky.
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296:
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was copied from UNIX. However, this code and the underlying standards they describe are in the public domain and are also covered by rights USL sold to
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and other variants of Unix sold by competitor companies—were violating their intellectual property by using Unix code without a license in their works.
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licence, under which SCO conducted business related to these systems. Claims were also made that the case was substantially financed and promoted by
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462:
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In August 2003, SCO presented two examples of what they claimed was illegal copying of copyrighted code from UNIX to Linux. One of the examples (
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These examples have fallen into two groups. The first are segments of files or whole files alleged to originate in UNIX SVRx code such as the
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Slander of Title case, Judge Kimball asked the parties in SCO v IBM to prepare by August 31, 2007, a statement of the status of this case.
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header file. The second group are files and materials contributed by IBM that originated with IBM development work associated with AIX and
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were not included in the asset purchase agreement and are retained by Novell. In October 2003, Novell registered those copyrights with the
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Unix intellectual property which SCO claimed IBM violated, a statement which if true would have demolished SCO's infringement suit.
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in 1995. The Santa Cruz Operation had developed and was selling a PC-based UNIX until 2000, when it then resold its UNIX assets to
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and investment businesses with links to Microsoft; around that time (1998–2004 onwards), Microsoft was fiercely engaged in various
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1945:
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case. Red Hat claims that SCO's statements about infringement in Linux are unproven and untrue, damaging to them and violates the
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On June 23, 2003, SCO sent out a letter announcing that it would not be suing its own Linux customers. In the letter, it states:
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for non-compliance with a demand to certify certain matters related to Unix usage, and against Linux business and former client
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part of their counter suit, is asking the court to compel SCO to allow Novell to perform this audit of SCO's Unix Business.
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2000:
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3027:- An online community dedicated to following the progress of the various lawsuits and investigating the claims SCO makes
1417:), the Canopy Group agreed to buy back all the shares that SCO had in Canopy in exchange for their SCO shares and cash.
1243:
On June 10, 2010, Judge Ted Stewart denied SCO's motion for another trial and ruled for Novell on all remaining issues.
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SCO has claimed a number of instances of IBM Linux code as breaches of contract. These examples include code related to
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complaint to include copyright infringement, based on IBM's continued sale and use of AIX without a valid SVRx license.
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244:
IBM wrote and donated to be incorporated into Linux was added in violation of SCO's contractual rights. Members of the
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1216:"constructive trust" in order to ensure that SCO could pay Novell since the company's assets were depleting rapidly.
345:, or was developed by third parties, or was developed or licensed under different licenses existing at the time. The
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SCO and Canopy Group are now mostly independent, though SCO continues to rent their Utah office space from Canopy.
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The third issue based on the UNIX licensees agreement is related to SCO's claims of control of derivative works.
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On 6 March 2003, they announced that they were suing IBM for $ 1 billion, claiming that IBM transferred SCO
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On March 1, 2016, SCO's lawsuit against IBM was dismissed with prejudice; SCO filed an appeal later that month.
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872:. They also claim that they have the right to control and restrict the use and distribution of that new code.
357:, asserted in 2003 that it was the owner of Unix, and that other Unix-type operating systems—particularly the
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In December 2003, SCO demanded that some UNIX licensees certify certain issues regarding their use of Linux.
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On July 7, 2010, SCO appealed the new judgments to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.
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The copyright issue is addressed directly in two of the cases. The first is by IBM in their counterclaim in
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On February 8, 2005, Judge Kimball ruled that IBM's motions for summary judgment were premature but added:
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Caldera Systems was reorganized to become Caldera International in 2001, the company, which was renamed to
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suit in March 2004. All claims related to the certification demands were summarily dismissed by the court.
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was one of the major distributors of Linux between 1994 and 1998. In August 1998, the company split into
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case, ruled that "the court concludes that Novell is the owner of the UNIX and UnixWare Copyrights".
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the case after it was challenged by IBM as not meeting the specificity requirements to be included.
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1982:"Memorandum order and decision, document 377 in case 2:04CV139DAK], the court order on Groklaw"
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741:
without properly acknowledging the university's copyright. This settlement muddies the question of
538:
525:
4999:
2856:
1923:
4388:
4244:
4078:
3664:
3564:
3501:
3423:
3418:
3206:
1743:
1410:
1390:
is an investment group with shares in a trust of different companies. It is a group owned by the
1235:
partially reversed the August 10, 2007 district court summary judgment ruling. The appeals court
1225:
289:
2905:
2621:
733:
felt infringed their copyrights. The university filed a counter suit, saying that USL had taken
1546:
4921:
4768:
4448:
4215:
3863:
3833:
3828:
3679:
3334:
3296:
1568:
1464:...we had found absolutely *nothing*. ie no evidence of any copyright infringement whatsoever.
1405:. With internal problems not made public (which included the suicides of Canopy's director of
1359:
1063:
3093:
3078:
2824:
2642:
2497:
2344:
2326:
2308:
2290:
2222:
2204:
2149:
2117:
2049:
2013:
1763:. Microsoft's licensing chief claimed that specific examples have been given in private, in:
1621:
1592:
4686:
3969:
3531:
3252:
3242:
3151:
3015:
2272:
1402:
1325:
1030:
779:
749:
source code. This uncertainty is particularly significant in regard to SCO's claims against
566:
562:
510:
322:
272:
171:
3067:
2674:
2254:
2186:
4956:
4205:
3873:
3654:
3043:
2962:
2912:
2811:
2793:
2681:
2566:
2483:
2092:
1949:
1930:
1398:
1351:
1290:
1094:, have suggested that because Caldera distributed the allegedly infringing code under the
1067:
869:
630:
554:
413:
393:
campaign, that sought to undermine or discredit Linux as a possible competitor to its own
245:
145:
2600:
2579:
2410:"SCO's Complaint In the Third Judicial District Court of Salt Lake County, State of Utah"
2031:
2906:
SCO strikes gold, Verizon just strikes|InfoWorld|Column|2003-08-08|By Robert X. Cringely
2273:"Groklaw - SCO's Memo in Opp. to IBM's Motion for SJ on Claim of Copyright Infringement"
1891:"Asset purchase agreement by and between the Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. and Novell, Inc"
537:
case had shown that the Unix copyrights are weak and unenforceable. SCO has not claimed
4753:
4676:
4235:
4140:
4051:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3696:
3521:
3516:
3161:
2955:
1942:
1593:"Court Rules: Novell owns the UNIX and UnixWare copyrights! Novell has right to waive!"
1391:
1182:
970:
584:
264:
102:
2838:
2240:
2135:
275:
that Novell, not the SCO Group, was the rightful owner of the copyrights covering the
5028:
4984:
4945:
4851:
4508:
4433:
4381:
4170:
3986:
3792:
3782:
3541:
3413:
3291:
3038:
2345:"Groklaw - Wells' Order Granting in Part IBM's Motion to Limit SCO's Claims, as text"
1981:
1524:
1199:
1084:
896:
784:
768:
746:
738:
681:
645:
591:
498:
358:
95:
2535:
2327:"Groklaw - Wells Grants in Part IBM's Motion to Limit SCO's Claims! In *Large* Part"
1784:
4826:
4783:
4696:
4335:
4056:
3974:
3868:
3812:
3171:
3130:
3072:
3019:
2743:
2085:
1747:
1681:"03/30/2010 - 846 - JURY VERDICT for Defendant Novell. (slm) (Entered: 03/30/2010)"
1387:
1110:
use SCO's alleged compliance with the license as a defense to IBM's counterclaims.
521:
514:
497:
At the beginning of 2003, SCO claimed that there had been "misappropriation of its
281:
176:
155:
150:
2804:
2780:
2291:"Groklaw - IBM's Second Amended Counterclaims Lists 9 Newly Registered Copyrights"
2168:
1890:
374:
Lacking grounds to sue all users generally, SCO dropped this aspect of its cases.
17:
2956:
The SCO Group|Investor Relations|SCO Announces UNIX Licensing Deal With Microsoft
1204:
After SCO initiated their Linux campaign, they said that they were the owners of
950:
SCO's first public disclosure of what they claimed is infringing code was at its
4916:
4743:
4738:
4373:
4061:
3954:
3536:
3433:
3011:
1091:
726:
695:
690:
533:
501:
444:
241:
182:
27:
Legal and public disputes between a software company and Linux vendors and users
2067:
1907:
240:
vendors and users, SCO alleged that its license agreements with IBM meant that
4148:
4123:
4110:
4015:
4003:
3933:
3843:
3329:
3232:
3191:
2942:
2444:
1649:
1472:
1414:
1371:
1133:
998:
935:
material. There must be enough similarity to show direct copying of material.
833:
577:
74:
2663:
2511:
1851:
1680:
595:(not directly related to Linux, the suit has more to do with Unix copyrights)
4773:
4010:
3979:
3848:
3684:
3473:
3344:
3301:
2977:
2768:
1495:
951:
900:
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was interfering with their business activities by clouding the ownership of
764:
742:
719:
685:
677:
669:
665:
638:
558:
546:
382:
350:
233:
119:
57:
1964:
2362:
545:
database, no AT&T or Novell patent was ever assigned to SCO. The UNIX
4811:
4691:
4128:
3949:
3938:
3858:
3802:
3797:
3743:
3691:
3580:
3506:
2559:
2473:
1697:
1259:
1041:
420:
for violating SCO's rights by using Linux. Separately, the Linux company
417:
346:
285:
3096:
that he was the original author of code that SCO claims to have authored
2205:"Groklaw - SCO is Distributing ELF Under the GPL Still. Yes. Now. Today"
1867:"Xinuos—owners of what used to be SCO—file suit against Red Hat and IBM"
1806:"Linux 10 times more expensive? Get the facts, watchdog tells Microsoft"
4210:
4195:
4105:
4095:
4035:
3959:
3853:
3777:
3718:
3632:
3595:
3526:
3468:
3463:
3367:
3324:
2118:"Groklaw - A Tall Tale About ELF - by Frank Sorenson, Dr Stupid and PJ"
1650:"Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Utah"
1596:
924:
701:
469: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
421:
394:
338:
257:
188:
2426:
2409:
1056:
Before changing their name to the SCO Group, the company was known as
4200:
4185:
4175:
4030:
4025:
3787:
3738:
3711:
3674:
3644:
3611:
3590:
3339:
3286:
3181:
3057:
3007:
2150:"Groklaw - Erik Hughes Deposition: LKP Did Include Linux Kernel Code"
840:
In May 2003, SCO canceled IBM's SVRx license to its version of UNIX,
789:
760:
409:
253:
193:
129:
1767:"Legal Pad, MSFT: Linux, free software, infringe 235 of our patents"
2882:"BW Online - March 11, 2004 - SCO's Suit: A Match Made in Redmond?"
1328:. However, an analysis by the Linux community later revealed that:
4778:
4330:
4020:
3883:
3817:
3772:
3733:
3701:
3669:
3627:
3622:
3585:
3453:
3448:
3408:
3403:
2387:
1098:(GPL), that this act would license any proprietary code in Linux.
928:
750:
362:
299:
partially reversed the district court judgment. The appeals court
237:
284:, on November 20, 2008, affirmed the summary judgment, and added
4100:
3878:
3706:
3637:
3281:
2860:
2825:"SCO Asks Bankruptcy Court to Approve New Leases in NJ and Utah"
2558:
Primary court documents pertaining to this case can be found at
1809:
1205:
793:
661:
318:
276:
4377:
3103:
3099:
3033:- An archive of court documents related to the various lawsuits
2223:"Groklaw - SCO Is Still Distributing ELF Under the GPL, Part 2"
1338:
It had already been removed from the kernel two months earlier.
404:
for improper disclosure and breach of copyright related to its
4180:
4158:
723:
438:
405:
401:
378:
249:
124:
2721:"TECHNOLOGY; Investor's Pullout Stirs Doubts About SCO Group"
2695:"TECHNOLOGY; Investor's Pullout Stirs Doubts About SCO Group"
400:
In the end, SCO launched only a few main legal cases—against
1378:
On August 27, 2004, SCO and BayStar resolved their dispute.
412:
for interference (clouding the issue of ownership), against
3030:
1924:
May 12, 2003 letter to Novell Chairman and CEO Jack Messman
1832:"Microsoft posts video of customers criticizing OpenOffice"
1525:"MEMORANDUM DECISION AND ORDER Civil Case No. 2:04CV139DAK"
943:
The issue of ownership of the SVRx code base was discussed
899:, and contractual rights. This claim is fundamental to the
3024:
778:
In response to these challenges from Novell, SCO filed a "
3008:
Free Software Foundation position regarding SCO's attacks
2255:"GPL Awaits Test in SCO Group/IBM Dispute - InternetNews"
2241:"HP TouchPad Needs 6 to 8 Weeks for Additional Shipments"
2136:"HP TouchPad Needs 6 to 8 Weeks for Additional Shipments"
1569:"Judge Says Unix Copyrights Rightfully Belong to Novell"
887:
SCO allegations of copyright and trade secret violations
2580:"Stay Lifted on AutoZone as of December 31st - Updated"
1965:"Judge Kimbal's Order available from Groklaw's website"
1341:
The contested segment was small (80 lines) and trivial.
1908:"The full settlement available from Groklaw's website"
1615:
1613:
1164:
Following the partial summary judgment rulings in the
831:), and the third is the derivative works claim of the
3075:- Why the SCO lawsuit is a good thing in the long run
2781:"Daily Herald - Canopy founder's daughter found dead"
2452:
United States District Court for the District of Utah
1626:
United States District Court for the District of Utah
1503:(ALAM) - similar attempt to sue buyers of automobiles
973:. A later claim was made to code segments related to
4424:
Comparison of open-source and closed-source software
2498:"Groklaw - Stewart Rules: Novell Wins! CASE CLOSED!"
1644:
1642:
1302:
SCO announces that it will not sue its own customers
812:
On August 10, 2007, Judge Dale Kimball, hearing the
722:
infringement suit against the university for making
4930:
4864:
4792:
4662:
4639:
4601:
4477:
4411:
4303:
4243:
4234:
4139:
4044:
3760:
3653:
3563:
3554:
3487:
3392:
3385:
3376:
3353:
3315:
3274:
3267:
3215:
3144:
3137:
2643:"SCO's Chapter 11 Trustee Moves to Settle AutoZone"
3089:Fact and fiction in the Microsoft-SCO relationship
2384:"Last of original SCO v IBM Linux lawsuit settled"
2187:"SCO Faces Hurdles in Linux Claims - InternetNews"
1622:"Final Judgment in SCO v. Novell: SCO Loses Again"
1460:to 6 months of consultant's work, Davidson says:
1147:alleged copyrights through IBM's Linux activities.
2601:"Members Only -- Docket Update - BK and AutoZone"
2445:"Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, and Order"
2309:"Groklaw - Kimball Memoradum and Order - as text"
1171:In 2021, the case finally ended in a settlement.
664:code is a compilation of elements with different
572:By mid-2004, five major lawsuits had been filed:
550:dropped all trade secret claims from their case.
2675:The SCO Group, Inc.|Scosource|Letter_to_partners
1501:Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers
1045:
2925:"Update: Microsoft behind $ 50M SCO investment"
1959:
1957:
1462:
1453:
1308:
1212:the suit to federal court on February 6, 2004.
4389:
3115:
982:was about contractual compliance statements.
213:
8:
4429:Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities
2939:"Microsoft to license Unix code - CNET News"
1996:
1994:
1658:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
1233:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
297:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
4789:
4396:
4382:
4374:
4240:
4136:
3560:
3389:
3382:
3271:
3141:
3122:
3108:
3100:
965:SCO has also claimed that code related to
668:histories. Some code was released without
220:
206:
29:
2857:"SCO: Leaked e-mail a 'misunderstanding'"
1370:reported that BayStar Capital, a private
704:uncovered an old settlement made between
485:Learn how and when to remove this message
4350:Free and open-source software portal
3908:Earliest eligible virtual deadline first
3047:) is being considered for deletion. See
1519:
1517:
1152:sufficient specificity in these claims:
329:. Prior to the events of this case, the
3084:Novell hits back at SCO in Unix dispute
2474:"Jury says Novell owns Unix copyrights"
1698:"Jury says Novell owns Unix copyrights"
1513:
163:
137:
111:
65:
39:
32:
2560:http://sco.tuxrocks.com/?Case=AutoZone
2086:Analysis of SCO's Las Vegas Slide Show
2001:Novell statement on today’s SCO ruling
891:SCO claims that Linux infringes SCO's
688:claims. Other code is affected by the
397:operating systems and server systems.
232:In a series of legal disputes between
3068:SCO:Without Fear and Without Research
2972:
2970:
1543:"Novell Won't Pursue Unix Copyrights"
7:
4952:Microsoft Open Specification Promise
1852:"SCO sues Big Blue over Unix, Linux"
1541:Montalbano, Elizabeth (2007-08-15).
1483:Free and open-source software portal
1424:Microsoft funding of SCO controversy
531:Some educated parties note that the
467:adding citations to reliable sources
81:
4419:Alternative terms for free software
1785:"Microsoft's Linux ad 'misleading'"
1740:"Microsoft takes on the free world"
1620:Kimball, Dale (November 20, 2008).
1491:Timeline of SCO-Linux controversies
1240:ownership of the Unix copyrights."
745:'s ownership of major parts of the
680:automatic. This code may be in the
4759:Python Software Foundation License
3094:Linus Torvalds explains to Groklaw
1726:Microsoft Halloween documents leak
967:application programming interfaces
25:
4822:Definition of Free Cultural Works
4439:Free software project directories
3051:to help reach a consensus. ›
1394:family, also founders of Novell.
954:conference in August 2003 at the
5009:
5008:
4998:
4459:Open-source software development
4356:
4355:
4343:
4329:
3197:Supported computer architectures
2107:, zdnet.com.au, March 10, 2004.
1475:
443:
5040:Computing-related controversies
4817:Debian Free Software Guidelines
4649:Free Software Movement of India
3227:The Linux Programming Interface
2443:Kimball, Dale (July 16, 2008).
2014:"Groklaw - Amendment X as Text"
1712:"Groklaw - SCO v. IBM Timeline"
1113:The GPL has become an issue in
820:License administration standing
633:, which later reorganized into
454:needs additional citations for
2941:. 11 July 2012. Archived from
2693:Lohr, Steve (April 22, 2004).
2105:SCO's failing case against IBM
2050:"Groklaw - $ echo April 1985"
1224:August 29, 2008, along with a
1013:confirmed it in a deposition.
1005:Allegations of reverse copying
875:These claims are the basis of
656:The status of copyrights from
543:US Patent and Trademark Office
263:On August 10, 2007, a federal
1:
4807:Contributor License Agreement
4621:Open-source-software movement
4405:Free and open-source software
2719:Lohr, Steve (22 April 2004).
2169:"FSF Statement on SCO v. IBM"
1738:Parloff, Roger (2007-05-14).
1449:(spelling as in the original)
513:and a few other parts of the
248:disagreed with SCO's claims;
4978:The Cathedral and the Bazaar
4832:The Free Software Definition
2823:Jones, Pamela (2007-12-19).
2003:, Novell Open PR, 2007-08-10
1943:Novell's Unique Legal Rights
1567:Markoff, John (2007-08-11).
939:SVRx code allegedly in Linux
710:The University of California
694:case, and is covered by the
331:intellectual property rights
53:SCO–SGI code dispute of 2003
4882:Mozilla software rebranding
4847:Permissive software license
2664:hearing transcript, page 15
2167:Moglen, Eben (2003-06-27).
1787:. BBC News. August 26, 2004
1442:The Michael Davidson E-Mail
1046:Control of derivative works
931:, IBM's two UNIX products.
860:Control of derivative works
5061:
4887:Proprietary device drivers
4837:The Open Source Definition
4069:High-performance computing
3891:Process and I/O schedulers
3079:The Michael Davidson Email
2472:Harvey, Tom (2010-03-30).
1865:Salter, Jim (2021-04-01).
1830:Protalinski, Emil (2010).
1545:. PC World. Archived from
1297:Other issues and conflicts
1282:
1197:
1180:
1131:
1121:Status of current lawsuits
1096:GNU General Public License
958:. The first, known as the
911:SCO originally claimed in
868:define this new code as a
737:source code and put it in
718:. This settlement ended a
427:In 2007, a court ruled in
408:operating system, against
333:(IP) in Unix were held by
260:filed claims against SCO.
5045:Intellectual property law
4994:
4972:Source-available software
4872:Digital rights management
4323:
3902:Completely Fair Scheduler
3167:Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate
2739:"SCO closes BayStar deal"
2427:"Novell's Removal Notice"
1035:Non-Uniform Memory Access
1023:symmetric multiprocessing
652:UNIX copyrights ownership
4967:Shared Source Initiative
4764:Shared Source Initiative
4717:Free Software Foundation
4654:Free Software Foundation
4504:Configuration management
3823:Kernel same-page merging
3063:SCO Controversy Timeline
3054:SCO Boycott and Lawsuits
3049:templates for discussion
2680:October 9, 2004, at the
2173:Free Software Foundation
1231:On August 24, 2009, the
706:Unix System Laboratories
637:and changed its name to
623:Unix System Laboratories
435:Timeline and major cases
335:Unix System Laboratories
327:United States of America
295:On August 24, 2009, the
34:SCO–Linux disputes
4902:SCO/Linux controversies
4166:OS-level virtualization
2839:"Halloween Document 10"
2810:March 14, 2008, at the
2795:Canopy at Heart of Feud
2662:Not dismissed, see the
1948:August 6, 2004, at the
1346:SCO and BayStar Capital
782:" suit against Novell,
4802:Comparison of licenses
4611:Free software movement
4311:List of Linux adopters
3253:Linux User Group (LUG)
2432:. Groklaw. 2004-02-06.
2091:April 6, 2010, at the
1929:July 17, 2004, at the
1466:
1457:
1409:, Robert Penrose, and
1322:Berkeley Packet Filter
1313:
1285:SCO v. DaimlerChrysler
1278:SCO v. DaimlerChrysler
1159:
1149:
960:Berkeley Packet Filter
854:SCO v. DaimlerChrysler
828:SCO v. DaimlerChrysler
729:freely available that
600:SCO v. DaimlerChrysler
541:, as according to the
89:SCO v. DaimlerChrysler
4877:License proliferation
3073:Linux's lucky lawsuit
2806:Sex, Drugs, and Unix
2645:. Groklaw. 2009-10-22
2603:. Groklaw. 2009-01-21
2582:. Groklaw. 2008-09-26
2541:. Groklaw. 2011-08-30
2517:. Groklaw. 2010-07-07
2479:The Salt Lake Tribune
1269:On October 22, 2009,
1154:
1144:
1058:Caldera International
1027:Journaled File System
674:Copyright Act of 1976
635:Caldera International
355:Caldera International
343:Copyright Act of 1976
4962:Open-source hardware
4897:Proprietary software
4892:Proprietary firmware
4593:Formerly open-source
4588:Formerly proprietary
4454:Open-source software
3897:Brain Fuck Scheduler
3157:Linux Mark Institute
2536:"Order and Judgment"
1382:SCO and Canopy Group
1356:Royal Bank of Canada
1077:Caldera v. Microsoft
1072:Caldera Thin Clients
803:Santa Cruz Operation
788:. This claimed that
627:Santa Cruz Operation
463:improve this article
389:tactics such as its
321:is a major computer
138:Individuals involved
4842:Open-source license
4444:Gratis versus libre
4091:Real-time computing
3363:Linux Standard Base
2622:"Autozone Timeline"
1407:information systems
1366:On April 22, 2004,
956:MGM Grand Las Vegas
773:US Copyright Office
684:and not subject to
539:patent infringement
325:, developed in the
5035:SCO–Linux disputes
4079:Compute Node Linux
3665:C standard library
3004:- Official website
2961:2006-08-25 at the
2911:2006-01-06 at the
2725:The New York Times
2699:The New York Times
2565:2018-05-30 at the
2512:"Notice of Appeal"
2390:. November 8, 2021
1413:, the daughter of
1368:The New York Times
1226:constructive trust
753:, which uses some
672:notice before the
290:constructive trust
112:Companies involved
18:SCO-Linux disputes
5022:
5021:
4922:Trusted Computing
4912:Software security
4860:
4859:
4541:Operating systems
4449:Long-term support
4371:
4370:
4319:
4318:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4225:
3864:Network scheduler
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3550:
3549:
3297:Linux kernel oops
3263:
3262:
3243:Linux conferences
2068:"The SCO Group v"
2032:"The SCO Group v"
1933:hosted by Novell.
1812:. August 26, 2004
1661:. August 24, 2009
1350:In October 2003,
1228:of $ 625,486.90.
1106:the SCO Group in
1017:IBM code in Linux
495:
494:
487:
361:operating system
286:interest payments
230:
229:
16:(Redirected from
5052:
5012:
5011:
5002:
4907:Software patents
4790:
4702:Creative Commons
4561:Web applications
4398:
4391:
4384:
4375:
4359:
4358:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4336:Linux portal
4334:
4333:
4241:
4137:
3946:Security Modules
3561:
3390:
3383:
3272:
3152:Linux Foundation
3142:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3101:
3016:Richard Stallman
2989:
2988:
2982:
2974:
2965:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2945:on 11 July 2012.
2935:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2915:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2884:. Archived from
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2820:
2814:
2802:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2777:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2690:
2684:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2576:
2570:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2540:
2532:
2526:
2525:
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2399:
2397:
2395:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2259:internetnews.com
2251:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2191:internetnews.com
2183:
2177:
2176:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2114:
2108:
2101:
2095:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2072:sco.tuxrocks.com
2064:
2058:
2057:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2036:sco.tuxrocks.com
2028:
2022:
2021:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1961:
1952:
1940:
1934:
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1878:
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1862:
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1855:
1854:. 11 March 2003.
1848:
1842:
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1838:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1769:. Archived from
1765:Parloff, Roger.
1762:
1760:
1759:
1750:. Archived from
1735:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1688:
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1677:
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1555:
1554:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1521:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1403:misappropriation
1326:Silicon Graphics
1031:Read-copy-update
780:slander of title
660:is murky, since
567:Sun Microsystems
563:Silicon Graphics
490:
483:
479:
476:
470:
447:
439:
353:(SCO), formerly
323:operating system
273:summary judgment
222:
215:
208:
172:Project Monterey
30:
21:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5018:
4990:
4957:Open-core model
4932:
4926:
4856:
4794:
4788:
4658:
4635:
4597:
4480:
4473:
4407:
4402:
4372:
4367:
4344:
4342:
4328:
4315:
4299:
4246:
4222:
4206:User-mode Linux
4135:
4040:
3748:
3656:
3649:
3568:
3546:
3483:
3395:
3372:
3349:
3311:
3259:
3211:
3202:Version history
3133:
3128:
3052:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2963:Wayback Machine
2954:
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2922:
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2913:Wayback Machine
2904:
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2891:
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2864:
2863:. March 5, 2004
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2812:Wayback Machine
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2484:MediaNews Group
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2093:Wayback Machine
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2012:
2011:
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1950:Wayback Machine
1941:
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1931:Wayback Machine
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1790:
1788:
1783:
1782:
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1764:
1757:
1755:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1728:for more detail
1723:
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1527:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1510:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1444:
1435:
1426:
1399:Ralph Yarro III
1384:
1352:BayStar Capital
1348:
1318:
1304:
1299:
1291:DaimlerChrysler
1287:
1281:
1257:
1254:SCO v. AutoZone
1202:
1196:
1185:
1179:
1136:
1130:
1123:
1068:Caldera Systems
1054:
1052:SCO and the GPL
1019:
1007:
941:
889:
870:derivative work
862:
822:
801:Novell and the
712:in the case of
654:
631:Caldera Systems
619:
607:SCO v. AutoZone
555:Hewlett-Packard
491:
480:
474:
471:
460:
448:
437:
414:DaimlerChrysler
337:(USL), part of
316:
246:Linux community
226:
146:Ralph Yarro III
82:SCO v. AutoZone
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5058:
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4496:
4494:Bioinformatics
4491:
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4472:
4471:
4466:
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4456:
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4183:
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4145:
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4141:Virtualization
4134:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4088:
4087:
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4059:
4048:
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4042:
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4039:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3987:Device drivers
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3929:SCHED_DEADLINE
3926:
3924:O(1) scheduler
3921:
3919:O(n) scheduler
3916:
3914:Noop scheduler
3911:
3905:
3899:
3894:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
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3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3768:Kernel modules
3764:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
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3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
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3598:
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3572:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3522:Memory barrier
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3493:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3476:
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3451:
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3359:
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3351:
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3327:
3321:
3319:
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3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
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3284:
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3276:
3269:
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3258:
3257:
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3210:
3209:
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3199:
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3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3036:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3005:
2997:
2996:External links
2994:
2991:
2990:
2966:
2948:
2930:
2916:
2898:
2873:
2848:
2830:
2815:
2797:
2786:
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2761:
2750:
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2711:
2685:
2667:
2655:
2634:
2613:
2592:
2571:
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2489:
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2435:
2418:
2401:
2375:
2354:
2336:
2318:
2300:
2282:
2264:
2246:
2232:
2214:
2196:
2178:
2159:
2141:
2127:
2109:
2103:Bruce Perens,
2096:
2084:Bruce Perens,
2077:
2059:
2041:
2023:
2005:
1990:
1973:
1953:
1935:
1916:
1899:
1882:
1857:
1843:
1822:
1797:
1776:
1773:on 2008-11-05.
1730:
1717:
1703:
1689:
1672:
1638:
1609:
1584:
1573:New York Times
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1343:
1342:
1339:
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1333:
1317:
1314:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1283:Main article:
1280:
1275:
1256:
1251:
1198:Main article:
1195:
1190:
1183:Red Hat v. SCO
1181:Main article:
1178:
1176:Red Hat v. SCO
1173:
1132:Main article:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1053:
1050:
1018:
1015:
1006:
1003:
995:Red Hat v. SCO
971:The Open Group
940:
937:
888:
885:
861:
858:
821:
818:
653:
650:
618:
615:
611:
610:
603:
596:
588:
585:Red Hat v. SCO
581:
493:
492:
451:
449:
442:
436:
433:
315:
312:
265:district court
228:
227:
225:
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140:
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135:
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127:
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114:
113:
109:
108:
107:
106:
103:Red Hat v. SCO
99:
92:
85:
78:
68:
67:
63:
62:
61:
60:
55:
50:
42:
41:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5057:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5015:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4987:
4986:
4985:Revolution OS
4982:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4946:GNU Manifesto
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4853:
4852:Public domain
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
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4799:
4797:
4791:
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4777:
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4772:
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4755:
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4708:
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4703:
4700:
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4690:
4688:
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4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4641:Organisations
4638:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
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4563:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4536:Office suites
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4484:
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4476:
4470:
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4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4434:Free software
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4399:
4394:
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4363:
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4352:
4351:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4312:
4309:
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4274:
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4269:Thin client:
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4258:
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4171:Linux-VServer
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3998:
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3990:
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3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3793:Device mapper
3791:
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3405:
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3333:
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3308:
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3200:
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3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3010:6 essays, by
3009:
3006:
3003:
3002:The SCO Group
3000:
2999:
2995:
2986:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2927:. 2004-03-11.
2926:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2888:on 2012-02-14
2887:
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2617:
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2572:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2555:
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2528:
2513:
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2499:
2493:
2490:
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2481:
2480:
2475:
2468:
2465:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2436:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2415:. 2004-01-20.
2411:
2405:
2402:
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2385:
2379:
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2364:
2358:
2355:
2350:
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2256:
2250:
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2210:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2192:
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2182:
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2163:
2160:
2155:
2151:
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2142:
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2131:
2128:
2123:
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2113:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2081:
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2063:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1966:
1960:
1958:
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1932:
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1925:
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1847:
1844:
1833:
1826:
1823:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1754:on 2007-11-09
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1704:
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1614:
1610:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1560:
1549:on 2008-04-09
1548:
1544:
1537:
1534:
1526:
1520:
1518:
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1507:
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1497:
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1484:
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1465:
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1441:
1439:
1432:
1430:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1401:on claims of
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1353:
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1340:
1337:
1334:
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1301:
1296:
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1267:
1263:
1261:
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1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1200:SCO v. Novell
1194:
1193:SCO v. Novell
1191:
1189:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1166:SCO v. Novell
1162:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1085:The SCO Group
1081:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1004:
1002:
1000:
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987:
983:
979:
976:
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957:
953:
948:
946:
938:
936:
932:
930:
926:
921:
917:
914:
909:
907:
902:
898:
897:trade secrets
894:
886:
884:
880:
878:
873:
871:
865:
859:
857:
855:
849:
847:
843:
838:
836:
835:
830:
829:
819:
817:
815:
814:SCO v. Novell
810:
806:
804:
798:
795:
791:
787:
786:
785:SCO v. Novell
781:
776:
774:
770:
769:UNIX System V
766:
762:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
725:
721:
717:
716:
711:
707:
703:
699:
697:
693:
692:
687:
683:
682:public domain
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
651:
649:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
616:
614:
609:
608:
604:
602:
601:
597:
594:
593:
592:SCO v. Novell
589:
587:
586:
582:
580:
579:
575:
574:
573:
570:
569:and Red Hat.
568:
564:
560:
556:
551:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:
529:
527:
523:
522:trade secrets
518:
516:
512:
508:
503:
500:
499:UNIX System V
489:
486:
478:
468:
464:
458:
457:
452:This section
450:
446:
441:
440:
434:
432:
430:
429:SCO v. Novell
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
391:Get the facts
388:
384:
380:
375:
372:
366:
364:
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356:
352:
348:
344:
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336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
313:
311:
308:
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302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
278:
274:
270:
269:SCO v. Novell
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
223:
218:
216:
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209:
204:
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141:
136:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
117:
116:
115:
110:
105:
104:
100:
98:
97:
96:SCO v. Novell
93:
91:
90:
86:
84:
83:
79:
77:
76:
72:
71:
70:
69:
64:
59:
56:
54:
51:
49:
46:
45:
44:
43:
38:
35:
31:
19:
4983:
4976:
4944:
4901:
4827:Free license
4573:Android apps
4360:
4341:
4327:
4057:Linux kernel
3975:Tomoyo Linux
3570:File systems
3225:
3177:SCO disputes
3176:
3138:Organization
3131:Linux kernel
3042:
3020:Bradley Kuhn
2984:
2951:
2943:the original
2933:
2919:
2901:
2890:. Retrieved
2886:the original
2876:
2865:. Retrieved
2851:
2842:
2833:
2818:
2800:
2789:
2775:
2764:
2753:
2744:The Register
2742:
2733:
2724:
2714:
2702:. Retrieved
2698:
2688:
2670:
2658:
2647:. Retrieved
2637:
2626:. Retrieved
2616:
2605:. Retrieved
2595:
2584:. Retrieved
2574:
2554:
2543:. Retrieved
2530:
2519:. Retrieved
2506:
2492:
2477:
2467:
2456:. Retrieved
2451:
2438:
2421:
2404:
2392:. Retrieved
2378:
2369:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2130:
2121:
2112:
2099:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2053:
2044:
2035:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1976:
1938:
1919:
1902:
1885:
1874:. Retrieved
1871:Ars Technica
1870:
1860:
1846:
1835:. Retrieved
1825:
1814:. Retrieved
1800:
1789:. Retrieved
1779:
1771:the original
1756:. Retrieved
1752:the original
1748:CNNMoney.com
1733:
1720:
1706:
1692:
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1656:
1630:. Retrieved
1625:
1601:. Retrieved
1599:. 2007-08-10
1587:
1576:. Retrieved
1572:
1562:
1551:. Retrieved
1547:the original
1536:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1419:
1396:
1388:Canopy Group
1385:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1349:
1319:
1309:
1305:
1288:
1277:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1203:
1192:
1186:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1126:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1062:
1055:
1039:
1020:
1009:
1008:
994:
990:
988:
984:
980:
964:
949:
942:
933:
922:
918:
912:
910:
905:
890:
881:
876:
874:
866:
863:
853:
850:
845:
839:
832:
826:
823:
813:
811:
807:
799:
783:
777:
759:
713:
700:
689:
655:
643:
620:
612:
605:
598:
590:
583:
576:
571:
552:
532:
530:
519:
515:Linux kernel
496:
481:
472:
461:Please help
456:verification
453:
428:
426:
399:
390:
376:
367:
317:
309:
305:
294:
282:court ruling
268:
262:
231:
181:
177:United Linux
156:Darl McBride
151:Pamela Jones
101:
94:
87:
80:
73:
33:
4917:Tivoization
4556:Video games
4531:Mathematics
4062:Linux-libre
3955:Exec Shield
3834:Framebuffer
3537:Video4Linux
3394:System Call
3222:Developers
3162:Linus's law
3037:‹ The
3012:Eben Moglen
2985:groklaw.net
2759:Rob Penrose
2370:groklaw.net
2349:groklaw.net
2331:groklaw.net
2313:groklaw.net
2295:groklaw.net
2277:groklaw.net
2227:groklaw.net
2209:groklaw.net
2154:groklaw.net
2122:groklaw.net
2054:groklaw.net
2018:groklaw.net
1411:Val Kriedel
1316:SCO and SGI
1271:Edward Cahn
1092:Eben Moglen
1090:Some, like
763:challenges
727:source code
715:USL v. BSDi
696:BSD License
691:USL v. BSDi
534:USL v. BSDi
475:August 2010
242:source code
183:USL v. BSDi
5029:Categories
4865:Challenges
4583:Commercial
4566:E-commerce
4551:Television
4149:Hypervisor
4111:PREEMPT_RT
4016:KernelCare
4004:Raw device
3934:SCHED_FIFO
3844:KMS driver
3761:Components
3616:securityfs
3502:Crypto API
3444:Linux-only
3330:System.map
3233:kernel.org
3192:menuconfig
3187:GNU GPL v2
2892:2005-01-01
2867:2019-01-29
2827:. Groklaw.
2770:Noorda bio
2649:2009-10-23
2628:2009-10-23
2607:2009-10-23
2586:2009-10-23
2545:2011-08-31
2521:2010-07-07
2458:2008-07-17
2394:August 14,
1876:2021-06-08
1837:2010-10-14
1816:2007-07-25
1791:2007-07-25
1758:2007-11-04
1665:August 26,
1632:2008-11-20
1603:2007-08-15
1578:2007-08-15
1553:2007-09-04
1508:References
1415:Ray Noorda
1372:hedge fund
1134:SCO v. IBM
1127:SCO v. IBM
1115:SCO v. IBM
1108:SCO v. IBM
1033:(RCU) and
999:Lanham Act
991:SCO v. IBM
913:SCO v. IBM
906:SCO v. IBM
877:SCO v. IBM
846:SCO v. IBM
834:SCO v. IBM
708:(USL) and
578:SCO v. IBM
561:, Novell,
371:throw fear
75:SCO v. IBM
66:Litigation
4795:standards
4793:Types and
4774:Unlicense
4769:Sleepycat
4603:Community
4288:LYME-LYCE
4011:initramfs
3980:Linux PAM
3849:Netfilter
3719:libcgroup
3685:libhybris
3657:libraries
3605:hugetlbfs
3556:Userspace
3489:In-kernel
3474:readahead
3396:Interface
3345:initramfs
3302:SystemTap
3275:Debugging
3268:Technical
3207:Criticism
2624:. Groklaw
2454:. Groklaw
1628:. Groklaw
1496:Copyfraud
1433:SCOsource
1087:in 2002.
1080:lawsuit.
952:SCO Forum
908:lawsuit.
901:SCOsource
893:copyright
720:copyright
686:copyright
678:copyright
670:copyright
666:copyright
639:SCO Group
617:UNIX SVRx
559:Microsoft
547:trademark
383:Microsoft
351:SCO Group
271:ruled on
267:judge in
234:SCO Group
120:SCO Group
58:SCOsource
5014:Category
4931:Related
4812:Copyleft
4732:GNU LGPL
4727:GNU AGPL
4692:Beerware
4687:Artistic
4664:Licenses
4631:Advocacy
4578:iOS apps
4519:Wireless
4514:Graphics
4481:packages
4479:Software
4469:Timeline
4362:Category
4304:Adopters
4279:Server:
4260:Embedded
4236:Adoption
4129:PSXLinux
4052:Mainline
4045:Variants
3997:graphics
3950:AppArmor
3939:SCHED_RR
3859:nftables
3803:dm-crypt
3798:dm-cache
3744:liburing
3734:libevdev
3692:dietlibc
3581:configfs
3507:io uring
3039:template
3031:Tuxrocks
2959:Archived
2909:Archived
2843:catb.org
2808:Archived
2678:Archived
2563:Archived
2089:Archived
1946:Archived
1927:Archived
1469:See also
1260:AutoZone
1237:remanded
1042:easement
526:AT&T
418:AutoZone
349:company
347:software
339:AT&T
314:Overview
301:remanded
48:Timeline
40:Overview
4940:Forking
4722:GNU GPL
4616:History
4546:Routing
4509:Drivers
4464:Outline
4412:General
4295:Devices
4255:Desktop
4216:coLinux
4211:MkLinux
4196:L4Linux
4124:μClinux
4106:Xenomai
4096:RTLinux
4036:Ksplice
3965:SELinux
3960:seccomp
3910:(EEVDF)
3854:Netlink
3783:Console
3778:cgroups
3729:libalsa
3655:Wrapper
3633:systemd
3596:debugfs
3565:Daemons
3527:New API
3469:inotify
3464:dnotify
3368:x32 ABI
3325:vmlinux
3317:Startup
3216:Support
3041:below (
3025:Groklaw
2704:May 23,
1744:Fortune
1597:Groklaw
1360:Windows
1210:removed
1064:Caldera
1029:(JFS),
1025:(SMP),
925:errno.h
702:Groklaw
422:Red Hat
395:Windows
258:Red Hat
189:Groklaw
5004:Portal
4933:topics
4754:Python
4677:Apache
4626:Events
4526:Health
4499:Codecs
4265:Gaming
4247:of use
4201:ELinOS
4192:Other
4186:OpenVZ
4176:Lguest
4120:-less
4031:kpatch
4026:kGraft
3992:802.11
3788:bcache
3739:libusb
3724:libdrm
3712:Newlib
3697:EGLIBC
3680:Bionic
3675:uClibc
3645:Kmscon
3619:sockfs
3612:procfs
3608:pipefs
3591:devpts
3517:kernfs
3459:splice
3414:select
3386:Kernel
3340:initrd
3335:dracut
3287:ftrace
3249:Users
3182:Linaro
3145:Kernel
3058:Curlie
3044:Curlie
3018:, and
2978:"Data"
2363:"Data"
2175:, Inc.
1392:Noorda
1311:Linux.
837:case.
790:Novell
761:Novell
757:code.
410:Novell
288:and a
256:, and
254:Novell
194:Xinuos
130:Novell
4779:WTFPL
4489:Audio
4245:Range
4084:SLURM
4021:kexec
3970:Smack
3904:(CFS)
3884:zswap
3825:(KSM)
3818:evdev
3773:BlueZ
3702:klibc
3670:glibc
3628:tmpfs
3623:sysfs
3586:devfs
3577:bpffs
3454:epoll
3449:futex
3429:close
3409:ioctl
3404:POSIX
3292:kdump
2981:(PDF)
2539:(PDF)
2515:(PDF)
2448:(PDF)
2430:(PDF)
2413:(PDF)
2388:ZDNET
2366:(PDF)
1985:(PDF)
1968:(PDF)
1911:(PDF)
1894:(PDF)
1684:(PDF)
1653:(PDF)
1528:(PDF)
1010:EWeek
945:above
929:Dynix
751:Linux
676:made
363:Linux
238:Linux
164:Other
4784:zlib
4707:CDDL
4682:APSL
4283:LAMP
4273:LTSP
4101:RTAI
3879:zram
3874:SLUB
3869:perf
3813:EDAC
3707:musl
3638:udev
3601:FUSE
3497:ALSA
3434:sync
3424:read
3419:open
3378:APIs
3355:ABIs
3282:CRIU
3238:LKML
2861:CNet
2706:2010
2396:2024
1810:CNet
1746:via
1724:See
1667:2009
1386:The
1354:and
1206:UNIX
1070:and
794:UNIX
747:UNIX
739:UNIX
662:UNIX
646:SVRx
502:code
359:free
319:Unix
277:Unix
236:and
4749:MPL
4744:MIT
4739:ISC
4712:EPL
4697:BSD
4672:AFL
4181:LXC
4159:Xen
4154:KVM
4118:MMU
4074:INK
3839:LVM
3829:LIO
3808:DRM
3542:IIO
3532:RCU
3512:DRM
3307:BPF
3172:Tux
3056:at
975:ELF
842:AIX
765:SCO
755:BSD
743:SCO
735:BSD
731:USL
724:BSD
658:USL
511:RCU
507:SMP
465:by
406:AIX
402:IBM
387:FUD
379:GPL
250:IBM
125:IBM
5031::
3948::
3014:,
2983:.
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