8089:
79:
5003:(IPK) was the only physical artefact upon which base units (directly the kilogram and indirectly the ampere, mole and candela) depended for their definition, making these units subject to periodic comparisons of national standard kilograms with the IPK. During the 2nd and 3rd Periodic Verification of National Prototypes of the Kilogram, a significant divergence had occurred between the mass of the IPK and all of its official copies stored around the world: the copies had all noticeably increased in mass with respect to the IPK. During
4484:
4348:
4908:
2265:
4648:
5389:
7176:
2291:, with the consequence that the siemens is the inverse of the ohm, and similarly, the ohm and siemens can be replaced with a ratio of an ampere and a volt, because those quantities bear a defined relationship to each other. Other useful derived quantities can be specified in terms of the SI base and derived units that have no named units in the SI, such as acceleration, which has the SI unit m/s.
4697:
4813:– CGPM), which was established by the Metre Convention, brought together many international organisations to establish the definitions and standards of a new system and to standardise the rules for writing and presenting measurements. Initially the convention only covered standards for the metre and the kilogram. This became the foundation of the MKS system of units.
5080:
4530:, although these three countries are among the handful of nations that, to various degrees, also continue to use their customary systems. Nevertheless, with this nearly universal level of acceptance, the SI "has been used around the world as the preferred system of units, the basic language for science, technology, industry, and trade."
1723:). A useful property of a coherent system is that when the numerical values of physical quantities are expressed in terms of the units of the system, then the equations between the numerical values have exactly the same form, including numerical factors, as the corresponding equations between the physical quantities.
5052:
distinction between the base units and derived units is, in principle, not needed, since all units, base as well as derived, may be constructed directly from the defining constants. Nevertheless, the distinction is retained because "it is useful and historically well established", and also because the
2351:
The SI provides twenty-four metric prefixes that signify decimal powers ranging from 10 to 10, the most recent being adopted in 2022. Most prefixes correspond to integer powers of 1000; the only ones that do not are those for 10, 1/10, 100, and 1/100. The conversion between different SI units for one
5051:
Prior to its redefinition in 2019, the SI was defined through the seven base units from which the derived units were constructed as products of powers of the base units. After the redefinition, the SI is defined by fixing the numerical values of seven defining constants. This has the effect that the
4332:
may exceptionally be written using either an uppercase "L" or a lowercase "l", a decision prompted by the similarity of the lowercase letter "l" to the numeral "1", especially with certain typefaces or
English-style handwriting. The American NIST recommends that within the United
3330:
is the coherent derived unit for velocity. With the exception of the kilogram (for which the prefix kilo- is required for a coherent unit), when prefixes are used with the coherent SI units, the resulting units are no longer coherent, because the prefix introduces a numerical factor other than one.
883:
All units in the SI can be expressed in terms of the base units, and the base units serve as a preferred set for expressing or analysing the relationships between units. The choice of which and even how many quantities to use as base quantities is not fundamental or even unique – it is a matter of
305:
of the units are separated conceptually from the definitions. A consequence is that as science and technologies develop, new and superior realisations may be introduced without the need to redefine the unit. One problem with artefacts is that they can be lost, damaged, or changed; another is that
5146:
Sometimes, SI unit name variations are introduced, mixing information about the corresponding physical quantity or the conditions of its measurement; however, this practice is unacceptable with the SI. "Unacceptability of mixing information with units: When one gives the value of a quantity, any
5102:
Many non-SI units continue to be used in the scientific, technical, and commercial literature. Some units are deeply embedded in history and culture, and their use has not been entirely replaced by their SI alternatives. The CIPM recognised and acknowledged such traditions by compiling a list of
4320:
In addition, the SI Brochure provides style conventions for among other aspects of displaying quantities units: the quantity symbols, formatting of numbers and the decimal marker, expressing measurement uncertainty, multiplication and division of quantity symbols, and the use of pure numbers and
4869:
The 9th CGPM also approved the first formal recommendation for the writing of symbols in the metric system when the basis of the rules as they are now known was laid down. These rules were subsequently extended and now cover unit symbols and names, prefix symbols and names, how quantity symbols
4861:
In 1948, the 9th CGPM commissioned a study to assess the measurement needs of the scientific, technical, and educational communities and "to make recommendations for a single practical system of units of measurement, suitable for adoption by all countries adhering to the Metre
Convention". This
4736:
without extra factors. For example, using meters per second is coherent in a system that uses meter for length and seconds for time, but kilometre per hour is not coherent. The principle of coherence was successfully used to define a number of units of measure based on the CGS, including the
570:
The seven defining constants are the most fundamental feature of the definition of the system of units. The magnitudes of all SI units are defined by declaring that seven constants have certain exact numerical values when expressed in terms of their SI units. These defining constants are the
5007:
carried out in 2014 preparatory to redefinition of metric standards, continuing divergence was not confirmed. Nonetheless, the residual and irreducible instability of a physical IPK undermined the reliability of the entire metric system to precision measurement from small (atomic) to large
337:
of 1875, brought together many international organisations to establish the definitions and standards of a new system and to standardise the rules for writing and presenting measurements. The system was published in 1960 as a result of an initiative that began in 1948, and is based on the
292:
The seven base units and the 22 coherent derived units with special names and symbols may be used in combination to express other coherent derived units. Since the sizes of coherent units will be convenient for only some applications and not for others, the SI provides twenty-four
4378:
have certain exact numerical values when expressed in terms of their SI units. The realisation of the definition of a unit is the procedure by which the definition may be used to establish the value and associated uncertainty of a quantity of the same kind as the unit.
4219:
Example of lexical conventions. In the expression of acceleration due to gravity, a space separates the value and the units, both the 'm' and the 's' are lowercase because neither the metre nor the second are named after people, and exponentiation is represented with a
4623:, which is published in French and English by the BIPM and periodically updated. The writing and maintenance of the brochure is carried out by one of the committees of the CIPM. The definitions of the terms "quantity", "unit", "dimension", etc. that are used in the
3396:
Furthermore, the same coherent SI unit may be a base unit in one context, but a coherent derived unit in another. For example, the ampere is a base unit when it is a unit of electric current, but a coherent derived unit when it is a unit of magnetomotive force.
4249:
rules of the context language. For example, in
English and French, even when the unit is named after a person and its symbol begins with a capital letter, the unit name in running text should start with a lowercase letter (e.g., newton, hertz, pascal) and is
4392:
for 'putting into practice; implementation',) describing the current best practical realisations of the unit. The separation of the defining constants from the definitions of units means that improved measurements can be developed leading to changes in the
297:
which, when added to the name and symbol of a coherent unit produce twenty-four additional (non-coherent) SI units for the same quantity; these non-coherent units are always decimal (i.e. power-of-ten) multiples and sub-multiples of the coherent unit.
6680:
Milton responded to a question about what would happen if ... the CIPM or the CGPM voted not to move forward with the redefinition of the SI. He responded that he felt that by that time the decision to move forward should be seen as a foregone
6223:
4852:
Electric current with named unit 'ampere' was chosen as the base unit, and the other electrical quantities derived from it according to the laws of physics. When combined with the MKS the new system, known as MKSA, was approved in 1946.
5125:
is often used as an informal alternative name for the
International System of Units, other metric systems exist, some of which were in widespread use in the past or are even still used in particular areas. There are also individual
4408:
is not the only way in which a base unit can be determined: the SI Brochure states that "any method consistent with the laws of physics could be used to realise any SI unit". Various consultative committees of the
1726:
Twenty-two coherent derived units have been provided with special names and symbols as shown in the table below. The radian and steradian have no base units but are treated as derived units for historical reasons.
1647:
Despite the prefix "kilo-", the kilogram is the coherent base unit of mass, and is used in the definitions of derived units. Nonetheless, prefixes for the unit of mass are determined as if the gram were the base
4581:, are derived from these base quantities by clear, non-contradictory equations. The ISQ defines the quantities that are measured with the SI units. The ISQ is formalised, in part, in the international standard
6694:"Commission Directive (EU) 2019/1258 of 23 July 2019 amending, for the purpose of its adaptation to technical progress, the Annex to Council Directive 80/181/EEC as regards the definitions of SI base units"
2402:
denotes a multiple of a thousandth, so there are one thousand millimetres to the metre and one thousand metres to the kilometre. The prefixes are never combined, so for example a millionth of a metre is a
7412:
4829:(EMU), and an International system based on units defined by the Metre Convention for electrical distribution systems. Attempts to resolve the electrical units in terms of length, mass, and time using
3338:
The kilogram is the only coherent SI unit whose name and symbol include a prefix. For historical reasons, the names and symbols for multiples and sub-multiples of the unit of mass are formed as if the
6205:
5374:
Argentina, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, France, German Empire, Italy, Peru, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, Ottoman Empire, United States, and
Venezuela.
3393:
states, "this applies not only to technical texts, but also, for example, to measuring instruments (i.e. the instrument read-out needs to indicate both the unit and the quantity measured)".
2328:
to systematically construct, for the same physical quantity, a set of units that are decimal multiples of each other over a wide range. For example, driving distances are normally given in
5048:
The new definitions were adopted at the 26th CGPM on 16 November 2018, and came into effect on 20 May 2019. The change was adopted by the
European Union through Directive (EU) 2019/1258.
350:
The
International System of Units consists of a set of defining constants with corresponding base units, derived units, and a set of decimal-based multipliers that are used as prefixes.
4328:(NIST) clarifies language-specific details for American English that were left unclear by the SI Brochure, but is otherwise identical to the SI Brochure. For example, since 1979, the
6732:
5500:
1380:
6766:
4943:
1701:, which can always be represented as products of powers of the base units, possibly with a nontrivial numeric multiplier. When that multiplier is one, the unit is called a
1561:
1470:
1258:
1167:
1037:
948:
5225:
4713:
1596:
6761:
7212:
4866:. Based on this study, the 10th CGPM in 1954 defined an international system derived six base units: the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, degree Kelvin, and candela.
7457:
4721:
3297:
2367:') constitutes a new inseparable unit symbol. This new symbol can be raised to a positive or negative power. It can also be combined with other unit symbols to form
310:
2447:
1291:
75:) it is the only system of measurement with official status in nearly every country in the world, employed in science, technology, industry, and everyday commerce.
6816:
6219:
6113:
5936:
5810:
5585:
5235:
4632:
4325:
5147:
information concerning the quantity or its conditions of measurement must be presented in such a way as not to be associated with the unit." Instances include: "
7407:
4983:
4963:
4534:
1496:
1408:
1193:
1103:
1083:
1063:
974:
289:, which can always be represented as products of powers of the base units. Twenty-two coherent derived units have been provided with special names and symbols.
3335:
SI unit. The complete set of SI units consists of both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples of coherent units formed by using the SI prefixes.
6569:
5625:
5219:
4892:
4826:
4616:
4602:
64:
7451:
7151:
4631:. The brochure leaves some scope for local variations, particularly regarding unit names and terms in different languages. For example, the United States'
2394:
of the original unit. All of these are integer powers of ten, and above a hundred or below a hundredth all are integer powers of a thousand. For example,
7979:
7726:
4804:
4612:
4598:
6042:"Recommendations of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance – Metrology in Chemistry to the International Committee for Weights and Measures"
4317:
Symbols of SI units are intended to be unique and universal, independent of the context language. The SI Brochure has specific rules for writing them.
8004:
6513:
5008:(astrophysical) scales. By avoiding the use of an artefact to define units, all issues with the loss, damage, and change of the artefact are avoided.
4822:
7999:
7716:
7536:
5035:
5000:
6787:
5713:
4837:
published a paper in which he advocated using a fourth base unit alongside the existing three base units. The fourth unit could be chosen to be
8109:
6808:(PDF). Barry N. Taylor. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Vol. 116, No. 6, Pgs. 797–807, Nov–Dec 2011.
5195:
8088:
5515:
8035:
8030:
7984:
7635:
7625:
7526:
6468:
6435:
6402:
6356:
5648:
5494:
4628:
4266:': the first letter of the name of the unit, 'd', is in lowercase, while the modifier 'Celsius' is capitalised because it is a proper name.
8040:
7610:
7548:
7205:
6722:
6509:
301:
The current way of defining the SI is a result of a decades-long move towards increasingly abstract and idealised formulation in which the
4374:
Metrologists carefully distinguish between the definition of a unit and its realisation. The SI units are defined by declaring that seven
4833:
was beset with difficulties – the dimensions depended on whether one used the ESU or EMU systems. This anomaly was resolved in 1901 when
7974:
7761:
5672:
4607:
The SI is regulated and continually developed by three international organisations that were established in 1875 under the terms of the
2440:
6006:"Recommendations of the Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities to the International Committee for Weights and Measures"
8014:
7989:
7842:
7590:
6867:
5057:
4557:
4550:
762:). The base units are defined in terms of the defining constants. For example, the kilogram is defined by taking the Planck constant
6041:
7898:
7417:
6775:
6267:
6077:
6005:
5966:
5642:
5264:
4709:
4527:
6612:
5778:
2352:
and the same physical quantity is always through a power of ten. This is why the SI (and metric systems more generally) are called
4635:(NIST) has produced a version of the CGPM document (NIST SP 330) which clarifies usage for English-language publications that use
8114:
7868:
7832:
7741:
7479:
7057:
6245:
5104:
5074:
4519:
4189:
1703:
218:
7954:
7939:
7893:
7771:
7746:
7731:
7691:
7615:
7198:
4072:
78:
4216:
7949:
7934:
7924:
7914:
7852:
7822:
7792:
7756:
7681:
7600:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7558:
7262:
7161:
6824:
6178:
3723:
3322:
The base units and the derived units formed as the product of powers of the base units with a numerical factor of one form a
2433:
7944:
7919:
7883:
7847:
7827:
7817:
7802:
7797:
7787:
7696:
7620:
7521:
7252:
3243:
3198:
3159:
3120:
3087:
3054:
3027:
3000:
2974:
2956:
2938:
2917:
2743:
2710:
2671:
2632:
2587:
2542:
2491:
8079:
285:). The system can accommodate coherent units for an unlimited number of additional quantities. These are called coherent
8009:
7929:
7888:
7878:
7807:
7711:
7650:
7645:
7605:
7595:
7585:
7580:
7484:
7386:
7381:
7300:
7295:
7257:
6329:
5248:
5205:
4679:
4538:
2261:
The derived units in the SI are formed by powers, products, or quotients of the base units and are unlimited in number.
7334:
6078:"Recommendations of the Consultative Committee for Thermometry to the International Committee for Weights and Measures"
5926:
5138:
that exist outside of any system of units. Most of the units of the other metric systems are not recognised by the SI.
7837:
7812:
7751:
7701:
7686:
7676:
7640:
7531:
7494:
7463:
4237:
of the context language. This means that they should be typeset in the same character set as other common nouns (e.g.
3331:
For example, the metre, kilometre, centimetre, nanometre, etc. are all SI units of length, though only the metre is a
660:. The values assigned to these constants were fixed to ensure continuity with previous definitions of the base units.
2268:
Arrangement of the principal measurements in physics based on the mathematical manipulation of length, time, and mass
4821:
At the close of the 19th century three different systems of units of measure existed for electrical measurements: a
4269:
The
English spelling and even names for certain SI units and metric prefixes depend on the variety of English used.
7873:
7721:
7655:
7553:
7499:
7489:
5904:
5254:
4555:
The quantities and equations that provide the context in which the SI units are defined are now referred to as the
6151:(3rd ed.). International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM): Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology. 2012
8119:
7766:
7305:
4919:. Unlike in the previous definitions, the base units are all derived exclusively from constants of nature. Here,
4878:
The 10th CGPM in 1954 resolved to create an international system of units and in 1960, the 11th CGPM adopted the
3867:
1384:
735:
266:
179:
6668:
5044:
The wording of base unit definitions should change emphasis from explicit unit to explicit constant definitions.
7115:
3743:
3713:
3572:
3498:
3323:
309:
The original motivation for the development of the SI was the diversity of units that had sprung up within the
6802:(PDF) Metrology Triangle Using a Watt Balance, a Calculable Capacitor, and a Single-Electron Tunnelling Device
6206:"Interpretation of the International System of Units (the Metric System of Measurement) for the United States"
5872:"Interpretation of the International System of Units (the Metric System of Measurement) for the United States"
5576:
7329:
7280:
7156:
6460:
5699:
4990:
4916:
4342:
4258:. As a nontrivial application of this rule, the SI Brochure notes that the name of the unit with the symbol
4016:
4000:
3677:
3369:
Several different quantities may share the same coherent SI unit. For example, the joule per kelvin (symbol
302:
2411:. Multiples of the kilogram are named as if the gram were the base unit, so a millionth of a kilogram is a
2294:
A combination of base and derived units may be used to express a derived unit. For example, the SI unit of
6860:
6638:
4032:
3932:
2284:
2012:
1600:
The luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency
6566:"Resolution 7 of the 9th meeting of the CGPM (1948): Writing and printing of unit symbols and of numbers"
1361:
7221:
5774:
4846:
4578:
4523:
4347:
4286:
4040:
4036:
3885:
2288:
2054:
1991:
322:
318:
60:
4483:
6784:
6382:
5720:
5481:
5393:
5164:
5116:
4996:
4830:
4424:
4356:
4255:
3968:
3875:
901:
222:
6779:
6141:
4922:
4724:
or cgs system in 1874. The systems formalised the concept of a collection of related units called a
7994:
7514:
7445:
7141:
5189:
4790:
4774:
4705:
4691:
4533:
The only other types of measurement system that still have widespread use across the world are the
4210:
4108:
3386:
1542:
1474:
1451:
1239:
1148:
1018:
992:
929:
747:
339:
314:
274:
194:
35:
5629:
4619:(BIPM). All the decisions and recommendations concerning units are collected in a brochure called
7509:
7285:
6408:
5156:
5024:
4463:
4141:
4124:
3389:. This illustrates why it is important not to use the unit alone to specify the quantity. As the
2225:
1944:
1572:
1565:
1413:
759:
613:
491:
282:
209:
6590:
6517:
4419:
would be developed for determining the value of each unit. These methods include the following:
2264:
6805:
5060:(ISQ), specifies base and derived quantities that necessarily have the corresponding SI units.
4907:
4647:
306:
they introduce uncertainties that cannot be reduced by advancements in science and technology.
7179:
7065:
6853:
6820:
6771:
6464:
6431:
6398:
6352:
6333:
6174:
5638:
5490:
5028:
5020:
4912:
4766:
4157:
3857:
3845:
3801:
3667:
3552:
2158:
1515:
1324:
906:
634:
622:
604:
552:
520:
464:
6149:
International vocabulary of metrology – Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM)
6117:
5676:
7541:
6390:
6210:
5714:"List of Resolutions for the 27th meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures"
5222: – Intergovernmental measurement science and measurement standards setting organisation
5172:
4838:
4800:
4786:
4636:
4608:
4452:
4352:
3936:
3904:
3853:
3522:
3470:
3382:
2276:
1849:
1712:
1262:
723:
582:
386:
334:
258:
164:
1269:
645:. The nature of the defining constants ranges from fundamental constants of nature such as
7706:
6932:
6791:
6052:
5958:
5397:
5388:
5359:
5343:
5325:
5176:
5016:
4834:
4696:
4655:
4651:
4511:
4389:
4242:
3952:
3835:
3819:
3653:
3631:
3604:
2204:
2183:
1924:
1899:
1874:
1719:. The base and coherent derived units of the SI together form a coherent system of units (
1697:
1690:
1198:
595:
437:
286:
68:
6796:
6275:
6088:
6016:
5988:
4700:
Closeup of the
National Prototype Metre, serial number 27, allocated to the United States
6386:
6378:
A Brief
History of the Metric System: From Revolutionary France to the Constant-Based SI
8093:
8056:
7630:
7247:
7085:
7017:
6453:
6325:
The International Bureau of Weights and Measures 1875–1975: NBS Special Publication 420
5770:
5160:
4968:
4948:
4667:
4492:
4448:
4368:
4238:
4088:
3984:
2088:
2004:
1481:
1393:
1178:
1088:
1068:
1048:
959:
572:
413:
6485:
6376:
6323:
6253:
5871:
4704:
The concept of a system of units emerged a hundred years before the SI. In the 1860s,
4455:
should be included in the experiments and any differences between these be reconciled.
8103:
7504:
7376:
7344:
7316:
7146:
7070:
7007:
6997:
6412:
6051:. Sèvres: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. 15–16 April 2010. Archived from
5989:"International Committee for Weights and Measures – Proceedings of the 106th meeting"
5168:
5053:
4770:
4582:
4566:
4508:
4488:
4423:
At least three separate experiments be carried out yielding values having a relative
4104:
3916:
3793:
3699:
3374:
3317:
2836:
2778:
2427:
2325:
2319:
2307:
2299:
2280:
2179:
2116:
2033:
1837:
1817:
294:
56:
8061:
7349:
7339:
7324:
7090:
7047:
7032:
6987:
6967:
6884:
6428:
From artefacts to atoms: the BIPM and the search for ultimate measurement standards
5806:
5746:"New prefixes for the SI adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures"
5745:
5135:
5127:
4762:
4496:
4056:
3811:
3508:
3422:
2272:
2108:
2067:
2046:
2025:
1903:
996:
675:
669:
226:
6291:
6015:. Sèvres: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. 26 March 2010. Archived from
5857:
4870:
should be written and used, and how the values of quantities should be expressed.
6745:... the International System of Units (SI), popularly known as the metric system.
6693:
6087:. Sèvres: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. 6–7 May 2010. Archived from
5835:
7660:
7391:
7290:
6962:
6917:
6381:. SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
5675:. Institution of Engineering and Technology. 1996. pp. 8–11. Archived from
5200:
4896:
4671:
4586:
4515:
4467:
4251:
4246:
4234:
4221:
3446:
3296:
Prefixes adopted before 1960 already existed before SI. The introduction of the
2391:
2171:
2137:
2096:
1970:
1784:
1441:
1000:
739:
270:
189:
5083:
While not an SI-unit, the litre may be used with SI units. It is equivalent to
6723:"For All Times, For All Peoples: How Replacing the Kilogram Empowers Industry"
6394:
4717:
4663:
4270:
3894:
3532:
2075:
1983:
6349:
The Measure of all Things – The Seven-Year-Odyssey that Transformed the World
6171:
Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future. International System of Units
4615:(CGPM), the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM), and the
4399:
as science and technology develop, without having to revise the definitions.
7027:
6942:
5148:
5041:
The current definitions of the kilogram, ampere, kelvin, and mole be revised
4796:
3753:
2807:
2329:
2150:
1805:
1776:
1657:
When the mole is used, the elementary entities must be specified and may be
1625:
4895:(BIPM) has described SI as "the modern form of metric system". In 1971 the
4301:. The name of the unit whose symbol is t and which is defined according to
3342:
were the base unit. Prefix names and symbols are attached to the unit name
2422:
The BIPM specifies 24 prefixes for the International System of Units (SI):
2310:(Pa) – and the pascal can be defined as one newton per square metre (N/m).
6191:
5540:
7190:
6907:
6669:"Report on the Meeting of the CODATA Task Group on Fundamental Constants"
6613:"A Turning Point for Humanity: Redefining the World's Measurement System"
5152:
5131:
4758:
4659:
4574:
4562:
4428:
4206:
4173:
3484:
3326:. Every physical quantity has exactly one coherent SI unit. For example,
2303:
1845:
1708:
1670:
1662:
1137:
991:
periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two
703:
246:
144:
17:
5267: – System of codes for unambiguously representing measurement units
3381:; another example is the ampere, which is the coherent SI unit for both
2359:
The grouping formed by a prefix symbol attached to a unit symbol (e.g. '
325:
that used them. The General Conference on Weights and Measures (French:
8066:
7095:
7080:
7022:
6952:
6947:
6897:
6698:
6122:. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards. p. 13
4842:
4514:
established in 1960 and periodically updated since then. The SI has an
4504:
4263:
3912:
3582:
3378:
2466:
2376:
2196:
1948:
1916:
1532:
751:
278:
204:
31:
6565:
6539:
5228: – research organization for a common European measurement system
5079:
4466:
derived from two fundamentally different methods such as acoustic gas
1695:
The system allows for an unlimited number of additional units, called
7736:
7110:
7012:
6922:
6902:
6892:
6840:
BIPM (International Bureau of Weights and Measures) official web site
5477:
4742:
4459:
3456:
2966:
2948:
2930:
2854:
1870:
1755:
1514:
elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the
1351:
1229:
1041:
919:
727:
715:
699:
679:
313:(CGS) systems (specifically the inconsistency between the systems of
262:
254:
242:
230:
174:
159:
134:
114:
4309:
is 'metric ton' in US English and 'tonne' in International English.
2251:
The radian and steradian are defined as dimensionless derived units.
1436:), given the definition of the kilogram, the metre, and the second.
5959:"Practical realizations of the definitions of some important units"
5107:, including the hour, minute, degree of angle, litre, and decibel.
4470:
and dielectric constant gas thermometry be better than one part in
7125:
7120:
7105:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6957:
6912:
5516:"Historic Vote Ties Kilogram and Other Units to Natural Constants"
5238: – Measurement standards laboratory in the United States (US)
5078:
5015:
In addition to the speed of light, four constants of nature – the
4906:
4754:
4750:
4712:(later Lord Kelvin), and others working under the auspices of the
4695:
4646:
4482:
4346:
4329:
4215:
4214:
3480:
2992:
2909:
2872:
2828:
2799:
2770:
2337:
2295:
2263:
2217:
1962:
1862:
1825:
1797:
1763:
1412:
The kelvin is defined by setting the fixed numerical value of the
1008:
691:
342:(MKS) combined with ideas from the development of the CGS system.
238:
129:
77:
30:"SI" redirects here. For the chemical element with symbol Si, see
6806:"The Current SI Seen From the Perspective of the Proposed New SI"
5584:(NIST Special publication 330, 2019 ed.). Gaithersburg, MD:
7100:
7042:
7037:
6727:
6675:
6645:
5962:
5931:
4746:
4570:
4410:
3432:
3339:
1936:
1891:
1878:
1707:
derived unit. For example, the coherent derived SI unit unit of
1658:
1171:
952:
711:
687:
678:, corresponding to seven base physical quantities. They are the
250:
234:
149:
119:
7194:
6849:
5700:"Earth now weighs six ronnagrams: New metric prefixes voted in"
5673:"Units & Symbols for Electrical & Electronic Engineers"
3773:
Examples of derived units that include units with special names
7075:
7002:
6992:
4795:
A French-inspired initiative for international cooperation in
4738:
4233:
According to the SI Brochure, unit names should be treated as
2862:
2129:
1666:
6300:] (in German). München: Verlag des Verf. pp. 307–322
4474:
and that these values be corroborated by other measurements.
6845:
5807:
Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
4888:, which included a specification for units of measurement.
2880:
782:, giving the expression in terms of the defining constants
5208: – Overview of and topical guide to the metric system
2390:
Prefixes are added to unit names to produce multiples and
3402:
Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units
2896:
1673:, other particles, or specified groups of such particles.
6839:
6490:. Vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 242–245
6322:
Page, Chester H.; Vigoureux, Paul, eds. (20 May 1975).
6192:"ISO 80000-1:2022 Quantities and units Part 1: General"
6119:
Research Highlights of the National Bureau of Standards
5542:
ISO 80000-1:2009 Quantities and units – Part 1: General
4439:
and at least one of these values should be better than
4355:
used for measuring the Avogadro constant to a relative
4245:
in Russian, etc.), following the usual grammatical and
3373:) is the coherent SI unit for two distinct quantities:
5927:"NIST Mise en Pratique of the New Kilogram Definition"
5251: – Historical high-precision units of measurement
4803:, also called Treaty of the Metre, by 17 nations. The
4585:, which was completed in 2009 with the publication of
1732:
The 22 SI derived units with special names and symbols
1608:
and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of
1224:), given the definitions of the metre and the second.
8077:
5885:(96): 28432–28433. 9 May 2008. FR Doc number E8-11058
4971:
4951:
4925:
1575:
1545:
1484:
1454:
1396:
1364:
1272:
1242:
1181:
1151:
1091:
1071:
1051:
1021:
962:
932:
6270:[Official units of measure in Europe 1842].
5396: from this source, which is available under the
5230:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
4324:
In the United States, the guideline produced by the
8049:
8023:
7967:
7907:
7861:
7780:
7669:
7472:
7438:
7431:
7400:
7369:
7362:
7315:
7273:
7235:
7228:
7134:
7056:
6931:
6883:
6767:
Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry
6298:
Theoretical and practical instruction in arithmetic
4915:, which are assigned exact numerical values in the
4911:Reverse dependencies of the SI base units on seven
4817:
Giovanni Giorgi and the problem of electrical units
4211:
Space (punctuation) § Unit symbols and numbers
2279:, which may by definition be expressed in terms of
686:, which is the SI unit of the physical quantity of
321:) and the lack of coordination between the various
6452:
5830:
5828:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5226:Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements
4977:
4957:
4937:
4714:British Association for the Advancement of Science
2340:' (symbol 'k') stands for a factor of 1000; thus,
1590:
1555:
1490:
1464:
1402:
1374:
1285:
1252:
1187:
1161:
1097:
1077:
1057:
1031:
968:
942:
6762:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
5805:Thompson, Ambler; Taylor, Barry N. (March 2008).
5432:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5416:
5414:
3346:and the unit symbol g respectively. For example,
2336:) rather than in metres. Here the metric prefix '
6639:"Appendix 1. Decisions of the CGPM and the CIPM"
6317:
6315:
5307:is electromotive force or voltage (unit: volt),
4503:The International System of Units, or SI, is a
6817:National Institute of Standards and Technology
6220:National Institute of Standards and Technology
5836:"On the extension of the range of SI prefixes"
5811:National Institute of Standards and Technology
5236:National Institute of Standards and Technology
4825:, also known as the Gaussian or ESU system, a
4633:National Institute of Standards and Technology
4326:National Institute of Standards and Technology
7206:
6861:
6293:Theoretisch-practischer Unterricht im Rechnen
6246:"VIM3: International Vocabulary of Metrology"
5575:David B. Newell; Eite Tiesinga, eds. (2019).
4589:, and has largely been revised in 2019–2020.
4535:imperial and US customary measurement systems
2441:
2283:, and thus are not independent; for example,
1108:The distance travelled by light in vacuum in
8:
6570:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
6430:. New York Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5626:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
5620:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5478:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
5329:
5220:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
4893:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
4883:
4827:CGS-based system for electromechanical units
4808:
4617:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
4603:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
4462:measured with a relative uncertainty of the
4414:
4403:
4394:
4383:
327:
65:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
50:
45:, internationally known by the abbreviation
7152:Historical definitions of the SI base units
6114:United States. National Bureau of Standards
4254:only at the beginning of a sentence and in
7435:
7366:
7232:
7213:
7199:
7191:
6868:
6854:
6846:
6770:, 2nd edition, Oxford: Blackwell Science.
5800:
5798:
5796:
4805:General Conference on Weights and Measures
4613:General Conference on Weights and Measures
4599:General Conference on Weights and Measures
4313:Unit symbols and the values of quantities
3770:
3399:
2448:
2434:
1729:
1279:
357:
93:
87:
6514:International Electrotechnical Commission
6370:
6368:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5364:Bureau international des poids et mesures
5348:Comité international des poids et mesures
5331:Conférence générale des poids et mesures.
4970:
4950:
4924:
4333:States "L" be used rather than "l".
1581:
1580:
1574:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1483:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1395:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1271:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1180:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1090:
1070:
1050:
1023:
1022:
1020:
961:
934:
933:
931:
583:hyperfine transition frequency of caesium
73:Bureau international des poids et mesures
5719:. BIPM. 18 November 2022. Archived from
4899:became the seventh base unit of the SI.
4864:Practical system of units of measurement
4823:CGS-based system for electrostatic units
4810:Conférence générale des poids et mesures
4678:For broader coverage of this topic, see
4382:For each base unit the BIPM publishes a
2424:
886:
329:Conférence générale des poids et mesures
8084:
6487:A treatise on electricity and magnetism
6274:(in German). 1 May 2009. Archived from
5410:
5278:
5036:International Prototype of the Kilogram
5001:International Prototype of the Kilogram
4728:system of units. In a coherent system,
4207:ISO 31-0 § Typographic conventions
3289:
2241:
1640:
1197:The kilogram is defined by setting the
674:The SI selects seven units to serve as
6268:"Amtliche Maßeinheiten in Europa 1842"
5631:The International System of Units (SI)
5578:The International System of Units (SI)
5483:The International System of Units (SI)
5196:List of international common standards
5056:series of standards, which define the
4882:, abbreviated SI from the French name
4722:centimetre–gram–second system of units
4621:The International System of Units (SI)
1548:
1457:
1367:
1245:
1154:
1024:
935:
333:– CGPM), which was established by the
6540:"BIPM – Resolution 6 of the 9th CGPM"
6510:"Historical figures: Giovanni Giorgi"
5771:"Decimal Nature of the Metric System"
5105:non-SI units accepted for use with SI
5069:Non-SI units accepted for use with SI
4629:international vocabulary of metrology
3521:
2398:denotes a multiple of a thousand and
2324:Like all metric systems, the SI uses
340:metre–kilogram–second system of units
7:
5514:Materese, Robin (16 November 2018).
5503:from the original on 18 October 2021
5192: – Comparison of various scales
2354:decimal systems of measurement units
2247:
2245:
910:
387:hyperfine transition frequency of Cs
6226:from the original on 16 August 2017
5698:Lawler, Daniel (18 November 2022).
4413:decided in 2016 that more than one
3312:Coherent and non-coherent SI units
2159:activity referred to a radionuclide
1375:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {\Theta }}}
1332:per second, which is approximately
7243:International System of Units (SI)
6813:International System of Units (SI)
6735:from the original on 16 March 2020
5781:from the original on 15 April 2020
5058:International System of Quantities
4799:led to the signing in 1875 of the
4558:International System of Quantities
4551:International System of Quantities
4545:International System of Quantities
1582:
1527:, when expressed in the unit mol.
83:
25:
6593:. UK National Physical Laboratory
5969:from the original on 9 April 2020
5939:from the original on 14 July 2017
5265:Unified Code for Units of Measure
5111:Metric units not recognised by SI
5031:– be defined to have exact values
4885:Le Système international d'unités
651:to the purely technical constant
59:and the world's most widely used
8087:
7175:
7174:
6785:Unit Systems in Electromagnetism
6288:Text version of Malaisé's book:
5654:from the original on 4 June 2021
5392: This article incorporates
5387:
5075:Non-SI units mentioned in the SI
4541:are defined in terms of the SI.
4262:is correctly spelled as 'degree
4190:catalytic activity concentration
4167:watt per square metre-steradian
27:Modern form of the metric system
6811:B. N. Taylor, Ambler Thompson,
6290:Malaisé, Ferdinand von (1842).
5311:is current (unit: ampere), and
4716:, building on previous work of
4670:in the 19th century (but since
4666:, a unit of 10 km used in
4561:(ISQ). The ISQ is based on the
4256:headings and publication titles
1346:elementary charges per second.
7162:System of units of measurement
6667:Wood, B. (3–4 November 2014).
6173:, p. 16, Springer, 2009.
5907:. National Physical Laboratory
5489:, vol. 2 (9th ed.),
5261:) – Primary time standard
4938:{\displaystyle a\rightarrow b}
4929:
52:Système international d'unités
1:
8110:International System of Units
7253:US customary units (USCS/USC)
4880:International System of Units
4857:9th CGPM, the precursor to SI
4518:in most countries, including
1556:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {J}}}
1465:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {N}}}
1253:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {I}}}
1162:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {M}}}
1032:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {L}}}
943:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {T}}}
55:), is the modern form of the
43:International System of Units
6330:National Bureau of Standards
5249:Conventional electrical unit
5206:Outline of the metric system
4680:History of the metric system
4569:. Other quantities, such as
4539:international yard and pound
4427:in the determination of the
1721:the set of coherent SI units
6455:Weights, Measures and Units
5005:extraordinary verifications
1591:{\displaystyle I_{\rm {v}}}
1500:The amount of substance of
8136:
6375:Giunta, Carmen J. (2023).
5315:is resistance (unit: ohm).
5255:Coordinated Universal Time
5114:
5072:
5011:A proposal was made that:
4988:
4784:
4689:
4677:
4596:
4567:seven base units of the SI
4548:
4340:
4204:
3926:joule per kilogram-kelvin
3596:kilogram per square metre
3315:
2317:
1688:
667:
29:
7306:English Engineering Units
7170:
6591:"Redefining the kilogram"
6395:10.1007/978-3-031-28436-6
5243:Standards and conventions
4201:Lexicographic conventions
4182:
4166:
4150:
4134:
4117:
4097:
4081:
4065:
4049:
4026:coulomb per square metre
4025:
4009:
3993:
3977:
3961:
3945:
3925:
3903:
3884:
3868:radian per second squared
3866:
3844:
3828:
3810:
3792:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3742:
3712:
3690:
3666:
3644:
3623:cubic metre per kilogram
3622:
3595:
3571:
3526:
3497:
3469:
3445:
3421:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3281:
3231:
3147:
3075:
3015:
2924:
2848:
2764:
2698:
2620:
2530:
2470:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2383:is to be interpreted as (
2236:
2216:
2195:
2170:
2149:
2128:
2107:
2087:
2066:
2045:
2024:
2003:
1982:
1961:
1951:in US; electric tension)
1935:
1915:
1890:
1861:
1836:
1816:
1796:
1775:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1632:
1531:
1440:
1350:
1228:
1136:
1007:
918:
913:
905:
900:
897:
894:
736:thermodynamic temperature
541:
509:
485:
458:
431:
407:
374:
369:
366:
363:
267:thermodynamic temperature
200:
185:
180:thermodynamic temperature
170:
155:
140:
125:
110:
105:
102:
99:
7116:minute and second of arc
6426:Quinn, Terry J. (2012).
6049:16th Meeting of the CCQM
4010:coulomb per cubic metre
3744:candela per square metre
3714:kilogram per cubic metre
3645:ampere per square metre
3573:kilogram per cubic metre
3499:metre per second squared
3324:coherent system of units
95:The seven SI base units
8115:International standards
7345:Quantum chromodynamical
7157:2019 revision of the SI
6790:30 October 2020 at the
6484:Maxwell, J. C. (1873).
6461:Oxford University Press
6085:25th Meeting of the CCT
6013:12th Meeting of the CCM
4991:2019 revision of the SI
4627:are those given in the
4565:underlying each of the
4351:Silicon sphere for the
4343:Realisation (metrology)
4017:electric charge density
4001:electric field strength
3678:magnetic field strength
2161:(decays per unit time)
233:(symbol s, the unit of
67:(abbreviated BIPM from
7458:centimetre–gram–second
7222:Systems of measurement
6516:. 2011. Archived from
6463:. International unit.
6451:Fenna, Donald (2002).
6222:: 28432. 16 May 2008.
5858:"Metric (SI) Prefixes"
5363:
5347:
5330:
5289:from the relationship
5099:
4986:
4979:
4959:
4939:
4884:
4809:
4701:
4675:
4500:
4458:The definition of the
4415:
4404:
4395:
4384:
4371:
4225:
4183:katal per cubic metre
4098:joule per mole-kelvin
4033:surface charge density
3978:joule per cubic metre
3962:watt per metre-kelvin
3933:specific heat capacity
2371:symbols. For example,
2285:electrical conductance
2269:
2013:electrical conductance
1592:
1557:
1492:
1466:
1404:
1376:
1287:
1254:
1189:
1163:
1099:
1079:
1059:
1033:
970:
944:
359:SI defining constants
328:
311:centimetre–gram–second
91:
72:
51:
34:. For other uses, see
7980:Biblical and Talmudic
7446:metre–kilogram–second
6721:Olthoff, Jim (2018).
5775:US Metric Association
5082:
4980:
4960:
4940:
4910:
4862:working document was
4847:electrical resistance
4699:
4650:
4593:Controlling authority
4579:electrical resistance
4486:
4479:Organizational status
4350:
4337:Realisation of units
4287:International English
4218:
4118:coulomb per kilogram
4041:electric displacement
4037:electric flux density
3886:watt per square metre
3691:mole per cubic metre
3316:Further information:
2289:electrical resistance
2267:
2055:magnetic flux density
1593:
1558:
1493:
1467:
1405:
1377:
1288:
1286:{\displaystyle I,\;i}
1255:
1190:
1164:
1100:
1080:
1060:
1034:
971:
945:
354:SI defining constants
319:electromagnetic units
81:
63:. Coordinated by the
61:system of measurement
7058:Other accepted units
6328:. Washington, D.C.:
6278:on 25 September 2012
5165:standard cubic metre
5117:List of metric units
4969:
4949:
4923:
4831:dimensional analysis
4487:Countries using the
4425:standard uncertainty
4357:standard uncertainty
3969:thermal conductivity
3876:angular acceleration
2302:(N), the SI unit of
1573:
1543:
1482:
1452:
1394:
1362:
1270:
1240:
1179:
1149:
1089:
1069:
1049:
1019:
960:
930:
225:starting with seven
223:units of measurement
7142:Conversion of units
6780:Electronic version.
6387:2023bhms.book.....G
6347:Alder, Ken (2002).
6256:on 31 October 2020.
5726:on 18 November 2022
5190:Conversion of units
4997:metre was redefined
4791:MKS system of units
4775:kinematic viscosity
4706:James Clerk Maxwell
4692:CGS system of units
4686:CGS and MKS systems
4658:/Italian border at
4151:watt per steradian
4109:molar heat capacity
3946:joule per kilogram
3893:heat flux density,
3775:
3404:
3387:magnetomotive force
3328:1 m/s = 1 m / (1 s)
2456:
1734:
1475:amount of substance
891:
748:amount of substance
360:
315:electrostatic units
275:amount of substance
217:The SI comprises a
195:amount of substance
96:
36:SI (disambiguation)
7452:metre–tonne–second
7248:UK imperial system
6935:with special names
6351:. London: Abacus.
5905:"Avogadro Project"
5838:. 18 November 2022
5157:geopotential metre
5121:Although the term
5100:
5025:Boltzmann constant
4987:
4975:
4965:is used to define
4955:
4935:
4913:physical constants
4732:combine to define
4702:
4676:
4528:the United Kingdom
4501:
4499:systems as of 2019
4464:Boltzmann constant
4376:defining constants
4372:
4273:uses the spelling
4226:
4142:absorbed dose rate
3771:
3724:mass concentration
3400:
2425:
2287:is the inverse of
2277:derived quantities
2270:
2226:catalytic activity
1945:electric potential
1750:In other SI units
1730:
1715:, with the symbol
1588:
1566:luminous intensity
1553:
1488:
1462:
1414:Boltzmann constant
1400:
1372:
1283:
1250:
1185:
1159:
1095:
1075:
1055:
1029:
966:
940:
887:
760:luminous intensity
682:, with the symbol
614:Boltzmann constant
492:Boltzmann constant
367:Defining constant
358:
283:luminous intensity
210:luminous intensity
94:
92:
8075:
8074:
7963:
7962:
7427:
7426:
7418:Foot–pound–second
7358:
7357:
7335:Heaviside–Lorentz
7188:
7187:
7066:astronomical unit
6470:978-0-19-860522-5
6437:978-0-19-530786-3
6404:978-3-031-28435-9
6358:978-0-349-11507-8
5496:978-92-822-2272-0
5480:(December 2022),
5142:Unacceptable uses
5029:Avogadro constant
5021:elementary charge
4978:{\displaystyle b}
4958:{\displaystyle a}
4917:2019 redefinition
4903:2019 redefinition
4767:dynamic viscosity
4520:the United States
4396:mises en pratique
4385:mises en pratique
4367:or less, held by
4198:
4197:
4158:radiant intensity
3858:angular frequency
3846:radian per second
3829:newton per metre
3802:dynamic viscosity
3788:In SI base units
3769:
3768:
3616:
3553:vergence (optics)
3414:Derived quantity
3309:
3308:
2375:is an SI unit of
2259:
2258:
1747:In SI base units
1682:
1681:
1516:Avogadro constant
1491:{\displaystyle n}
1430:10 J⋅K
1403:{\displaystyle T}
1325:elementary charge
1218:10 J⋅s
1188:{\displaystyle m}
1098:{\displaystyle r}
1078:{\displaystyle x}
1058:{\displaystyle l}
969:{\displaystyle t}
780:10 J⋅s
698:, the SI unit of
635:luminous efficacy
623:Avogadro constant
605:elementary charge
568:
567:
553:luminous efficacy
521:Avogadro constant
465:elementary charge
453:10 J⋅s
215:
214:
86:(outer ring) and
16:(Redirected from
8127:
8120:Systems of units
8092:
8091:
8083:
7542:Mesures usuelles
7436:
7367:
7233:
7215:
7208:
7201:
7192:
7178:
7177:
6870:
6863:
6856:
6847:
6748:
6747:
6742:
6740:
6718:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6707:
6690:
6684:
6683:
6673:
6664:
6658:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6643:
6635:
6629:
6628:
6626:
6624:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6587:
6581:
6580:
6578:
6576:
6562:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6551:
6536:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6525:
6506:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6495:
6481:
6475:
6474:
6458:
6448:
6442:
6441:
6423:
6417:
6416:
6372:
6363:
6362:
6344:
6338:
6337:
6319:
6310:
6309:
6307:
6305:
6287:
6285:
6283:
6264:
6258:
6257:
6252:. Archived from
6242:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6211:Federal Register
6202:
6196:
6195:
6188:
6182:
6167:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6146:
6138:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6127:
6110:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6099:
6093:
6082:
6074:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6057:
6046:
6038:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6027:
6021:
6010:
6002:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5985:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5974:
5955:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5923:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5912:
5901:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5879:Federal Register
5876:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5843:
5832:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5802:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5767:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5725:
5718:
5710:
5704:
5703:
5695:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5669:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5653:
5637:(8th ed.),
5636:
5622:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5592:
5583:
5572:
5547:
5546:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5511:
5505:
5504:
5488:
5474:
5391:
5375:
5372:
5366:
5356:
5350:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5322:
5316:
5302:
5288:
5283:
5260:
5231:
5173:ephemeris second
5097:
5096:
5092:
5088:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4887:
4839:electric current
4812:
4801:Metre Convention
4787:Metre Convention
4781:Metre Convention
4720:, developed the
4656:Austro-Hungarian
4637:American English
4609:Metre Convention
4473:
4453:Avogadro project
4446:
4444:
4438:
4436:
4431:of no more than
4418:
4416:mise en pratique
4407:
4405:mise en pratique
4398:
4387:
4366:
4364:
4353:Avogadro project
4321:various angles.
4308:
4304:
4261:
4135:gray per second
4127:(x- and γ-rays)
4066:henry per metre
4050:farad per metre
3937:specific entropy
3905:joule per kelvin
3854:angular velocity
3776:
3765:
3750:
3738:
3732:
3720:
3708:
3696:
3686:
3674:
3668:ampere per metre
3662:
3650:
3640:
3628:
3618:
3614:
3601:
3591:
3579:
3567:
3561:
3547:
3541:
3529:
3523:reciprocal metre
3517:
3505:
3493:
3477:
3471:metre per second
3465:
3453:
3441:
3429:
3405:
3383:electric current
3372:
3365:
3357:
3349:
3329:
3301:
3294:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3013:
3012:
3009:
2984:
2983:
2846:
2845:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2362:
2347:
2343:
2335:
2252:
2249:
1735:
1718:
1713:metre per second
1674:
1655:
1649:
1645:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1607:
1605:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1526:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1331:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1263:electric current
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1027:
990:
989:
986:
983:
978:The duration of
975:
973:
972:
967:
949:
947:
946:
941:
939:
938:
911:Typical symbols
902:Dimension symbol
892:
879:
877:
875:
874:
873:
867:
864:
863:
854:
851:
842:
840:
839:
837:
836:
833:
830:
824:
822:
819:
816:
809:
806:
804:
803:
800:
789:
781:
779:
776:
773:
767:
757:
745:
733:
724:electric current
721:
709:
697:
685:
659:
650:
644:
632:
620:
611:
602:
593:
580:
564:
558:
549:
537:
535:
532:
529:
517:
505:
503:
500:
488:
481:
479:
476:
473:
461:
454:
452:
449:
446:
434:
427:
425:
422:
410:
403:
401:
398:
395:
383:
361:
335:Metre Convention
331:
259:electric current
229:, which are the
165:electric current
97:
54:
21:
8135:
8134:
8130:
8129:
8128:
8126:
8125:
8124:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8086:
8078:
8076:
8071:
8045:
8019:
7959:
7903:
7857:
7776:
7665:
7468:
7423:
7396:
7354:
7311:
7269:
7224:
7219:
7189:
7184:
7166:
7147:Metric prefixes
7130:
7052:
6934:
6927:
6879:
6874:
6844:
6835:
6830:
6792:Wayback Machine
6757:
6755:Further reading
6752:
6751:
6738:
6736:
6720:
6719:
6715:
6705:
6703:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6671:
6666:
6665:
6661:
6651:
6649:
6641:
6637:
6636:
6632:
6622:
6620:
6611:
6610:
6606:
6596:
6594:
6589:
6588:
6584:
6574:
6572:
6564:
6563:
6559:
6549:
6547:
6538:
6537:
6533:
6523:
6521:
6508:
6507:
6503:
6493:
6491:
6483:
6482:
6478:
6471:
6450:
6449:
6445:
6438:
6425:
6424:
6420:
6405:
6374:
6373:
6366:
6359:
6346:
6345:
6341:
6321:
6320:
6313:
6303:
6301:
6289:
6281:
6279:
6266:
6265:
6261:
6244:
6243:
6239:
6229:
6227:
6204:
6203:
6199:
6190:
6189:
6185:
6168:
6164:
6154:
6152:
6144:
6140:
6139:
6135:
6125:
6123:
6112:
6111:
6107:
6097:
6095:
6091:
6080:
6076:
6075:
6071:
6061:
6059:
6055:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6035:
6025:
6023:
6019:
6008:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5991:
5987:
5986:
5982:
5972:
5970:
5957:
5956:
5952:
5942:
5940:
5925:
5924:
5920:
5910:
5908:
5903:
5902:
5898:
5888:
5886:
5874:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5841:
5839:
5834:
5833:
5826:
5816:
5814:
5804:
5803:
5794:
5784:
5782:
5769:
5768:
5764:
5754:
5752:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5729:
5727:
5723:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5707:
5697:
5696:
5692:
5682:
5680:
5679:on 28 June 2013
5671:
5670:
5666:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5645:
5634:
5624:
5623:
5600:
5590:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5573:
5550:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5524:
5522:
5513:
5512:
5508:
5497:
5486:
5476:
5475:
5412:
5407:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5369:
5357:
5353:
5341:
5337:
5323:
5319:
5290:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5258:
5229:
5212:
5185:
5177:sidereal second
5144:
5119:
5113:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5084:
5077:
5071:
5066:
5017:Planck constant
4993:
4967:
4966:
4947:
4946:
4921:
4920:
4905:
4876:
4874:Birth of the SI
4859:
4835:Giovanni Giorgi
4819:
4793:
4785:Main articles:
4783:
4710:William Thomson
4694:
4688:
4683:
4645:
4611:. They are the
4605:
4597:Main articles:
4595:
4553:
4547:
4516:official status
4512:system of units
4481:
4471:
4442:
4440:
4434:
4432:
4362:
4360:
4345:
4339:
4315:
4306:
4302:
4259:
4243:Cyrillic script
4231:
4213:
4203:
4082:joule per mole
3994:volt per metre
3953:specific energy
3836:surface tension
3820:moment of force
3774:
3764:
3758:
3748:
3734:
3728:
3718:
3704:
3694:
3682:
3672:
3658:
3654:current density
3648:
3636:
3632:specific volume
3626:
3617:
3609:
3605:surface density
3599:
3587:
3577:
3563:
3557:
3543:
3537:
3527:
3513:
3503:
3489:
3475:
3461:
3451:
3437:
3427:
3417:Typical symbol
3403:
3370:
3363:
3355:
3347:
3327:
3320:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3295:
3291:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3010:
3007:
3005:
2981:
2979:
2843:
2841:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2472:
2455:
2454:
2409:millimillimetre
2384:
2380:
2372:
2364:
2360:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2326:metric prefixes
2322:
2316:
2281:base quantities
2255:
2250:
2243:
2205:equivalent dose
2145:lm/m = cd⋅sr⋅m
1925:electric charge
1733:
1716:
1693:
1691:SI derived unit
1687:
1678:
1677:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1642:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1541:
1540:
1525:
1519:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1480:
1479:
1450:
1449:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1416:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1360:
1359:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1268:
1267:
1238:
1237:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1201:
1199:Planck constant
1177:
1176:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1087:
1086:
1067:
1066:
1047:
1046:
1017:
1016:
987:
984:
981:
979:
958:
957:
928:
927:
890:
869:
868:
865:
862:
855:
852:
847:
846:
845:
843:
834:
831:
828:
826:
820:
817:
814:
812:
810:
807:
801:
798:
796:
794:
793:
791:
787:
786:
777:
774:
771:
769:
763:
755:
743:
731:
719:
707:
695:
683:
672:
666:
658:
652:
646:
643:
637:
631:
625:
616:
607:
598:
596:Planck constant
592:
585:
576:
562:
556:
548:
542:
533:
530:
527:
525:
516:
510:
501:
498:
496:
486:
477:
474:
471:
469:
459:
450:
447:
444:
442:
438:Planck constant
432:
423:
420:
418:
408:
399:
396:
393:
391:
382:
375:
356:
348:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8133:
8131:
8123:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8102:
8101:
8097:
8096:
8073:
8072:
8070:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8057:Absolute scale
8053:
8051:
8047:
8046:
8044:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8027:
8025:
8021:
8020:
8018:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7971:
7969:
7965:
7964:
7961:
7960:
7958:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7911:
7909:
7905:
7904:
7902:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7865:
7863:
7859:
7858:
7856:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7784:
7782:
7778:
7777:
7775:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7673:
7671:
7667:
7666:
7664:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7562:
7561:
7551:
7546:
7545:
7544:
7539:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7518:
7517:
7512:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7476:
7474:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7466:
7461:
7455:
7449:
7442:
7440:
7433:
7429:
7428:
7425:
7424:
7422:
7421:
7415:
7410:
7404:
7402:
7398:
7397:
7395:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7373:
7371:
7364:
7360:
7359:
7356:
7355:
7353:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7321:
7319:
7313:
7312:
7310:
7309:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7277:
7275:
7271:
7270:
7268:
7267:
7266:
7265:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7239:
7237:
7230:
7226:
7225:
7220:
7218:
7217:
7210:
7203:
7195:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7182:
7171:
7168:
7167:
7165:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7138:
7136:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7062:
7060:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6953:degree Celsius
6950:
6945:
6939:
6937:
6933:Derived units
6929:
6928:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6889:
6887:
6881:
6880:
6875:
6873:
6872:
6865:
6858:
6850:
6843:
6842:
6836:
6834:
6833:External links
6831:
6829:
6828:
6819:2008 edition,
6809:
6803:
6794:
6782:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6713:
6702:. 23 July 2019
6685:
6659:
6630:
6604:
6582:
6557:
6531:
6520:on 15 May 2011
6501:
6476:
6469:
6443:
6436:
6418:
6403:
6364:
6357:
6339:
6311:
6259:
6237:
6197:
6183:
6162:
6133:
6105:
6094:on 14 May 2013
6069:
6058:on 14 May 2013
6033:
6022:on 14 May 2013
5997:
5980:
5950:
5918:
5896:
5863:
5849:
5824:
5792:
5762:
5737:
5705:
5690:
5664:
5643:
5598:
5548:
5532:
5506:
5495:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5384:
5383:
5377:
5376:
5367:
5351:
5335:
5317:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5262:
5252:
5240:
5239:
5233:
5223:
5210:
5209:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5161:vertical metre
5143:
5140:
5115:Main article:
5112:
5109:
5073:Main article:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5032:
4989:Main article:
4974:
4954:
4934:
4931:
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4904:
4901:
4875:
4872:
4858:
4855:
4818:
4815:
4782:
4779:
4687:
4684:
4668:Central Europe
4644:
4641:
4594:
4591:
4549:Main article:
4546:
4543:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4456:
4449:Kibble balance
4402:The published
4369:Achim Leistner
4341:Main article:
4338:
4335:
4314:
4311:
4247:orthographical
4239:Latin alphabet
4230:
4227:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4171:
4168:
4164:
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4160:
4155:
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4148:
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4144:
4139:
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4132:
4131:
4128:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4086:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3985:energy density
3982:
3979:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3910:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3891:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3873:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3851:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3817:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3799:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3772:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3487:
3478:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3401:
3334:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3246:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3201:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3162:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3123:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3057:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3030:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3003:
2998:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2977:
2972:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2954:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2936:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2860:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2839:
2834:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2810:
2805:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2781:
2776:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2746:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2674:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2635:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2590:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2545:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2453:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2318:Main article:
2315:
2312:
2275:apply to some
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2177:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2091:
2089:degree Celsius
2085:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1897:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1731:
1689:Main article:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1650:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1598:
1584:
1579:
1568:
1563:
1550:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1498:
1487:
1477:
1472:
1459:
1447:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1410:
1399:
1389:
1382:
1369:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1293:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1265:
1260:
1247:
1235:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1195:
1184:
1174:
1169:
1156:
1144:
1141:
1134:
1133:
1106:
1094:
1074:
1054:
1044:
1039:
1026:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1004:
995:levels of the
976:
965:
955:
950:
937:
925:
922:
916:
915:
912:
909:
904:
899:
896:
888:
881:
880:
860:
710:, the unit of
668:Main article:
665:
662:
656:
641:
629:
590:
573:speed of light
566:
565:
560:
550:
546:
539:
538:
523:
518:
514:
507:
506:
494:
489:
483:
482:
467:
462:
456:
455:
440:
435:
429:
428:
416:
414:speed of light
411:
405:
404:
389:
384:
380:
372:
371:
368:
365:
355:
352:
347:
344:
213:
212:
207:
202:
198:
197:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
112:
108:
107:
104:
101:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8132:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8107:
8105:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8081:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8054:
8052:
8048:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8028:
8026:
8024:List articles
8022:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7972:
7970:
7966:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7912:
7910:
7908:South America
7906:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7862:North America
7860:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7843:South African
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7785:
7783:
7779:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7668:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7591:Luxembourgian
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7560:
7557:
7556:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7534:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7507:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7477:
7475:
7471:
7465:
7464:gravitational
7462:
7459:
7456:
7453:
7450:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7437:
7434:
7430:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7399:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7374:
7372:
7368:
7365:
7361:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7318:
7314:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7281:Apothecaries'
7279:
7278:
7276:
7272:
7264:
7261:
7260:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7234:
7231:
7227:
7223:
7216:
7211:
7209:
7204:
7202:
7197:
7196:
7193:
7181:
7173:
7172:
7169:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7133:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7086:degree of arc
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7059:
7055:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6936:
6930:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6886:
6882:
6878:
6871:
6866:
6864:
6859:
6857:
6852:
6851:
6848:
6841:
6838:
6837:
6832:
6826:
6822:
6818:
6814:
6810:
6807:
6804:
6801:
6800:
6795:
6793:
6789:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6776:0-632-03583-8
6773:
6769:
6768:
6763:
6760:
6759:
6754:
6746:
6734:
6730:
6729:
6724:
6717:
6714:
6701:
6700:
6695:
6689:
6686:
6682:
6678:. p. 7.
6677:
6670:
6663:
6660:
6648:. p. 188
6647:
6640:
6634:
6631:
6619:. 12 May 2018
6618:
6614:
6608:
6605:
6592:
6586:
6583:
6571:
6567:
6561:
6558:
6545:
6541:
6535:
6532:
6519:
6515:
6511:
6505:
6502:
6489:
6488:
6480:
6477:
6472:
6466:
6462:
6457:
6456:
6447:
6444:
6439:
6433:
6429:
6422:
6419:
6414:
6410:
6406:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6379:
6371:
6369:
6365:
6360:
6354:
6350:
6343:
6340:
6335:
6331:
6327:
6326:
6318:
6316:
6312:
6299:
6295:
6294:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6263:
6260:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6241:
6238:
6225:
6221:
6217:
6213:
6212:
6207:
6201:
6198:
6193:
6187:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6172:
6169:S. V. Gupta,
6166:
6163:
6150:
6143:
6137:
6134:
6121:
6120:
6115:
6109:
6106:
6090:
6086:
6079:
6073:
6070:
6054:
6050:
6043:
6037:
6034:
6018:
6014:
6007:
6001:
5998:
5990:
5984:
5981:
5968:
5964:
5960:
5954:
5951:
5938:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5922:
5919:
5906:
5900:
5897:
5884:
5880:
5873:
5867:
5864:
5859:
5853:
5850:
5837:
5831:
5829:
5825:
5812:
5808:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5766:
5763:
5751:
5747:
5741:
5738:
5722:
5715:
5709:
5706:
5701:
5694:
5691:
5678:
5674:
5668:
5665:
5650:
5646:
5644:92-822-2213-6
5640:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5587:
5580:
5579:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5544:
5543:
5536:
5533:
5521:
5517:
5510:
5507:
5502:
5498:
5492:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5411:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5390:
5381:
5380:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5345:
5339:
5336:
5332:
5327:
5321:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5282:
5279:
5272:
5266:
5263:
5256:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5237:
5234:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5214:Organisations
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5169:atomic second
5166:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5124:
5123:metric system
5118:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5081:
5076:
5068:
5064:Related units
5063:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5054:ISO/IEC 80000
5049:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5033:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5002:
4999:in 1960, the
4998:
4992:
4972:
4952:
4932:
4926:
4918:
4914:
4909:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4889:
4886:
4881:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4865:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4788:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4734:derived units
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4698:
4693:
4685:
4681:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4652:Stone marking
4649:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4604:
4600:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4583:ISO/IEC 80000
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4559:
4552:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4531:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4478:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4412:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4391:
4386:
4380:
4377:
4370:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4310:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4265:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4212:
4208:
4200:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4113:m⋅kg⋅s⋅K⋅mol
4112:
4110:
4106:
4105:molar entropy
4103:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3918:
3917:heat capacity
3914:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:pascal-second
3791:
3777:
3761:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3701:
3700:concentration
3698:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3612:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3406:
3398:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3375:heat capacity
3367:
3361:
3360:microkilogram
3353:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3319:
3318:Coherent unit
3311:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2458:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2417:microkilogram
2414:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2378:
2370:
2369:compound unit
2357:
2355:
2349:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2320:Metric prefix
2313:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2273:Derived units
2266:
2262:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2180:absorbed dose
2178:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:luminous flux
2115:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2034:magnetic flux
2032:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1698:derived units
1692:
1685:Derived units
1684:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1606:10 hertz
1599:
1577:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1517:
1499:
1485:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1397:
1390:
1388:
1385:thermodynamic
1383:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1330:
1326:
1294:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1182:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1107:
1092:
1072:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
977:
963:
956:
954:
951:
926:
923:
921:
917:
908:
907:Quantity name
903:
893:
889:SI base units
885:
872:
859:
850:
785:
784:
783:
766:
761:
753:
749:
741:
737:
729:
725:
717:
713:
705:
701:
693:
689:
681:
677:
671:
664:SI base units
663:
661:
655:
649:
640:
636:
628:
624:
619:
615:
610:
606:
601:
597:
589:
584:
579:
574:
563:683 lm/W
561:
554:
551:
545:
540:
524:
522:
519:
513:
508:
495:
493:
490:
484:
468:
466:
463:
457:
441:
439:
436:
430:
417:
415:
412:
406:
390:
388:
385:
379:
373:
362:
353:
351:
345:
343:
341:
336:
332:
330:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
304:
299:
296:
290:
288:
287:derived units
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
211:
208:
206:
203:
199:
196:
193:
191:
188:
184:
181:
178:
176:
173:
169:
166:
163:
161:
158:
154:
151:
148:
146:
143:
139:
136:
133:
131:
128:
124:
121:
118:
116:
113:
109:
98:
90:(inner ring)
89:
85:
80:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
57:metric system
53:
49:(from French
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
8005:Mesopotamian
7899:Puerto Rican
7296:Astronomical
7242:
7091:electronvolt
6876:
6812:
6798:
6765:
6744:
6737:. Retrieved
6726:
6716:
6704:. Retrieved
6697:
6688:
6679:
6662:
6650:. Retrieved
6633:
6621:. Retrieved
6616:
6607:
6595:. Retrieved
6585:
6573:. Retrieved
6560:
6548:. Retrieved
6543:
6534:
6522:. Retrieved
6518:the original
6504:
6492:. Retrieved
6486:
6479:
6454:
6446:
6427:
6421:
6377:
6348:
6342:
6324:
6302:. Retrieved
6297:
6292:
6280:. Retrieved
6276:the original
6271:
6262:
6254:the original
6249:
6240:
6228:. Retrieved
6215:
6209:
6200:
6186:
6170:
6165:
6153:. Retrieved
6148:
6136:
6124:. Retrieved
6118:
6108:
6096:. Retrieved
6089:the original
6084:
6072:
6060:. Retrieved
6053:the original
6048:
6036:
6024:. Retrieved
6017:the original
6012:
6000:
5983:
5971:. Retrieved
5953:
5941:. Retrieved
5930:
5921:
5909:. Retrieved
5899:
5887:. Retrieved
5882:
5878:
5866:
5852:
5840:. Retrieved
5815:. Retrieved
5783:. Retrieved
5765:
5753:. Retrieved
5749:
5740:
5728:. Retrieved
5721:the original
5708:
5693:
5681:. Retrieved
5677:the original
5667:
5656:, retrieved
5630:
5589:. Retrieved
5577:
5541:
5535:
5523:. Retrieved
5519:
5509:
5482:
5386:
5385:
5370:
5354:
5338:
5320:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5281:
5242:
5241:
5213:
5211:
5145:
5130:such as the
5128:metric units
5122:
5120:
5101:
5050:
5047:
5010:
5004:
4994:
4890:
4879:
4877:
4868:
4863:
4860:
4851:
4820:
4794:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4703:
4624:
4620:
4606:
4556:
4554:
4532:
4502:
4497:US customary
4401:
4381:
4375:
4373:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4241:in English,
4235:common nouns
4232:
4089:molar energy
4073:permeability
4057:permittivity
3812:newton-metre
3759:
3735:
3729:
3705:
3683:
3659:
3637:
3610:
3588:
3564:
3558:
3544:
3538:
3514:
3509:acceleration
3490:
3462:
3438:
3423:square metre
3395:
3390:
3368:
3359:
3351:
3343:
3337:
3321:
3300:was in 1873.
3292:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2392:submultiples
2389:
2368:
2358:
2353:
2350:
2323:
2293:
2271:
2260:
2237:
1999:V/A = J⋅s/C
1904:radiant flux
1877:, amount of
1725:
1720:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1653:
1643:
1520:
1417:
1328:
1295:The flow of
1202:
997:ground state
898:Unit symbol
884:convention.
882:
870:
857:
848:
764:
673:
670:SI base unit
653:
647:
638:
626:
617:
608:
599:
587:
577:
569:
557:540 THz
543:
511:
377:
370:Exact value
349:
326:
308:
303:realisations
300:
291:
216:
46:
42:
40:
7869:Costa Rican
7833:Seychellois
7742:Singaporean
7537:Traditional
7392:Metrication
7330:Geometrised
7286:Avoirdupois
6681:conclusion.
6597:30 November
6272:spasslernen
5730:18 November
5702:. phys.org.
5658:16 December
5591:30 November
5525:16 November
5382:Attribution
5287:1 Ω = 1 V/A
5285:Ohm's law:
5201:Metrication
4945:means that
4664:myriametres
4662:displaying
4625:SI Brochure
4587:ISO 80000-1
4468:thermometry
4447:. Both the
4252:capitalised
4222:superscript
4093:m⋅kg⋅s⋅mol
3447:cubic metre
3391:SI Brochure
3350:is written
2428:SI prefixes
2346:1000 m
2138:illuminance
2097:temperature
1971:capacitance
1886:N⋅m = Pa⋅m
1785:solid angle
1764:plane angle
1387:temperature
1001:caesium-133
914:Definition
536:10 mol
504:10 J/K
323:disciplines
8104:Categories
7955:Venezuelan
7940:Paraguayan
7894:Nicaraguan
7772:Vietnamese
7747:Sri Lankan
7732:Philippine
7692:Indonesian
7616:Portuguese
7510:Winchester
7413:Comparison
7363:Background
7301:Electrical
6885:Base units
6825:1437915582
6797:MW Keller
6623:16 January
6575:6 November
6332:. p.
6230:6 December
6179:3642007384
5889:28 October
5842:5 February
5817:21 January
5809:(Report).
5755:11 January
5405:References
5087:10 cm
5038:be retired
5027:, and the
4995:After the
4730:base units
4718:Carl Gauss
4690:See also:
4672:deprecated
4563:quantities
4307:10 kg
4271:US English
4229:Unit names
4205:See also:
4101:J/(mol⋅K)
3895:irradiance
3533:wavenumber
3348:10 kg
3298:CGS system
2405:micrometre
2330:kilometres
2076:inductance
1992:resistance
1978:C/V = C/J
1957:W/A = J/C
1857:N/m = J/m
1434:J = kg⋅m⋅s
1323:times the
1222:J = kg⋅m⋅s
895:Unit name
676:base units
633:, and the
575:in vacuum
346:Definition
227:base units
221:system of
84:base units
7950:Uruguayan
7935:Colombian
7925:Brazilian
7915:Argentine
7853:Tanzanian
7823:Mauritian
7793:Ethiopian
7757:Taiwanese
7727:Pakistani
7707:Mongolian
7682:Cambodian
7601:Norwegian
7571:Icelandic
7566:Hungarian
7559:Byzantine
7515:Exchequer
7263:Hong Kong
7028:steradian
6943:becquerel
6706:28 August
6550:22 August
6413:258172637
6304:7 January
5911:19 August
5813:. §10.5.3
5683:19 August
5398:CC BY 3.0
5149:watt-peak
5095:10 m
5091:1 dm
4930:→
4807:(French:
4797:metrology
4170:W/(m⋅sr)
4077:m⋅kg⋅s⋅A
4061:m⋅kg⋅s⋅A
4005:m⋅kg⋅s⋅A
3973:m⋅kg⋅s⋅K
3929:J/(kg⋅K)
3921:m⋅kg⋅s⋅K
3785:Quantity
3754:luminance
3352:milligram
2413:milligram
2342:1 km
2151:becquerel
2080:kg⋅m⋅s⋅A
2038:kg⋅m⋅s⋅A
2017:kg⋅m⋅s⋅A
1996:kg⋅m⋅s⋅A
1975:kg⋅m⋅s⋅A
1954:kg⋅m⋅s⋅A
1806:frequency
1777:steradian
1744:Quantity
1671:electrons
1663:molecules
1626:steradian
1624:watt per
1368:Θ
993:hyperfine
788:1 kg
694:, symbol
559:radiation
480:10 C
426: m/s
106:Quantity
88:constants
18:SI system
8036:Obsolete
8031:Humorous
7985:Egyptian
7945:Peruvian
7920:Bolivian
7884:Honduran
7848:Tunisian
7828:Moroccan
7818:Malagasy
7803:Eritrean
7798:Egyptian
7788:Algerian
7717:Nepalese
7697:Japanese
7631:Scottish
7621:Romanian
7522:Estonian
7432:Historic
7408:Overview
7377:Overview
7274:Specific
7180:Category
7135:See also
6908:kilogram
6877:SI units
6788:Archived
6764:(1993).
6739:14 April
6733:Archived
6652:27 April
6544:Bipm.org
6282:26 March
6224:Archived
6155:28 March
6116:(1959).
5973:11 April
5967:Archived
5965:. 2019.
5937:Archived
5935:. 2013.
5785:15 April
5779:Archived
5777:. 2015.
5649:archived
5628:(2006),
5501:archived
5400:license.
5303:, where
5183:See also
5175:", and "
5153:watt RMS
5134:and the
5132:sverdrup
4769:and the
4759:pressure
4726:coherent
4660:Pontebba
4575:pressure
4493:imperial
4451:and the
4429:kilogram
4303:1 t
4194:m⋅s⋅mol
4174:radiance
4125:exposure
3965:W/(m⋅K)
3485:velocity
3333:coherent
2471:Adoption
2463:Base 10
2415:, not a
2407:, not a
2379:, where
2332:(symbol
2314:Prefixes
2304:pressure
1846:pressure
1709:velocity
1704:coherent
1138:kilogram
1132:second.
704:kilogram
402: Hz
295:prefixes
247:kilogram
219:coherent
145:kilogram
8094:Physics
8067:Modulor
8041:Unusual
8010:Persian
7968:Ancient
7930:Chilean
7889:Mexican
7879:Haitian
7808:Guinean
7712:Myanmar
7651:Swedish
7646:Spanish
7636:Serbian
7626:Russian
7606:Ottoman
7596:Maltese
7586:Latvian
7581:Italian
7527:Finnish
7505:English
7485:Cypriot
7480:Cornish
7387:History
7382:Outline
7317:Natural
7258:Chinese
7236:General
7229:Current
7096:hectare
7081:decibel
7023:sievert
7018:siemens
6948:coulomb
6898:candela
6699:Eur-Lex
6524:5 April
6383:Bibcode
6126:31 July
6098:27 June
6062:27 June
6026:27 June
5860:. NIST.
5159:" and "
5151:" and "
4843:voltage
4643:History
4505:decimal
4264:Celsius
4162:m⋅kg⋅s
4130:kg⋅s⋅A
3989:m⋅kg⋅s
3913:entropy
3824:m⋅kg⋅s
3806:m⋅kg⋅s
3782:Symbol
3583:density
3411:Symbol
3379:entropy
2480:Symbol
2467:Decimal
2377:density
2306:is the
2298:is the
2197:sievert
2142:cd⋅m/m
2121:cd⋅m/m
2059:kg⋅s⋅A
2005:siemens
1949:voltage
1917:coulomb
1908:kg⋅m⋅s
1883:kg⋅m⋅s
1854:kg⋅m⋅s
1830:kg⋅m⋅s
1741:Symbol
1711:is the
1622:
1610:
1533:candela
1321:
1297:
1130:
1110:
1105:, etc.
999:of the
876:
853:
844:
841:
792:
752:candela
750:); and
364:Symbol
279:candela
277:), and
205:candela
100:Symbol
32:Silicon
8080:Portal
8062:N-body
8000:Indian
7975:Arabic
7838:Somali
7813:Libyan
7781:Africa
7752:Syrian
7702:Korean
7687:Indian
7677:Afghan
7641:Slovak
7611:Polish
7549:German
7532:French
7495:Danish
7473:Europe
7439:Metric
7370:Metric
7350:Stoney
7340:Planck
7325:Atomic
7111:minute
7071:dalton
7013:radian
7008:pascal
6998:newton
6923:second
6903:kelvin
6893:ampere
6823:
6799:et al.
6774:
6546:. 1948
6494:12 May
6467:
6434:
6411:
6401:
6355:
6177:
6142:"1.16"
5641:
5493:
5360:French
5344:French
5326:French
5023:, the
4771:stokes
4761:, the
4753:, the
4745:, the
4743:energy
4577:, and
4537:. The
4526:, and
4524:Canada
4509:metric
4495:, and
4491:(SI),
4489:metric
4460:kelvin
4390:French
4297:, and
4285:, and
4281:, and
4209:, and
4186:kat/m
4085:J/mol
4045:m⋅s⋅A
4021:m⋅s⋅A
3941:m⋅s⋅K
3872:rad/s
3850:rad/s
3457:volume
3358:, not
3237:quecto
2961:0.001
2485:quetta
2460:Prefix
2400:milli-
2308:pascal
2300:newton
2230:mol⋅s
2124:cd⋅sr
1871:energy
1850:stress
1838:pascal
1818:newton
1756:radian
1352:kelvin
1230:ampere
1042:length
1003:atom.
920:second
768:to be
728:kelvin
716:ampere
700:length
690:; the
680:second
621:, the
612:, the
603:, the
594:, the
581:, the
273:(mol,
263:kelvin
255:ampere
243:length
231:second
175:kelvin
160:ampere
135:length
115:second
69:French
8050:Other
8015:Roman
7995:Hindu
7990:Greek
7874:Cuban
7762:Tatar
7722:Omani
7661:Welsh
7656:Swiss
7576:Irish
7554:Greek
7500:Dutch
7490:Czech
7460:(CGS)
7454:(MTS)
7448:(MKS)
7420:(FPS)
7401:UK/US
7126:tonne
7121:neper
7106:litre
7048:weber
7033:tesla
6988:lumen
6983:katal
6978:joule
6973:hertz
6968:henry
6958:farad
6913:metre
6672:(PDF)
6642:(PDF)
6409:S2CID
6296:[
6145:(PDF)
6092:(PDF)
6081:(PDF)
6056:(PDF)
6045:(PDF)
6020:(PDF)
6009:(PDF)
5992:(PDF)
5943:9 May
5875:(PDF)
5724:(PDF)
5717:(PDF)
5652:(PDF)
5635:(PDF)
5582:(PDF)
5487:(PDF)
5358:from
5342:from
5324:From
5273:Notes
5136:darcy
5089:) = (
5019:, an
4845:, or
4763:poise
4755:barye
4751:force
4330:litre
4299:litre
4295:metre
4291:deca-
4289:uses
4283:liter
4279:meter
4275:deka-
4178:kg⋅s
4154:W/sr
4138:Gy/s
4121:C/kg
3949:J/kg
3899:kg⋅s
3840:kg⋅s
3798:Pa⋅s
3779:Name
3695:mol/m
3481:speed
3408:Name
3284:Notes
3249:0.000
3232:2022
3204:0.000
3192:ronto
3165:0.000
3153:yocto
3148:1991
3126:0.000
3114:zepto
3093:0.000
3076:1964
3060:0.000
3048:femto
3033:0.000
3016:1960
3006:0.000
2987:1873
2980:0.000
2967:micro
2949:milli
2943:0.01
2931:centi
2925:1795
2855:hecto
2849:1795
2823:1873
2765:1960
2699:1975
2626:zetta
2621:1991
2581:yotta
2536:ronna
2531:2022
2396:kilo-
2338:kilo-
2296:force
2238:Notes
2218:katal
2212:J/kg
2191:J/kg
2184:kerma
2109:lumen
2083:Wb/A
2068:henry
2062:Wb/m
2047:tesla
2026:weber
1963:farad
1900:power
1863:joule
1826:force
1798:hertz
1738:Name
1659:atoms
1648:unit.
1635:Notes
1502:6.022
1423:1.380
1334:6.241
1307:1.602
1208:6.626
1009:metre
813:6.626
770:6.626
692:metre
526:6.022
497:1.380
470:1.602
443:6.626
281:(cd,
249:(kg,
239:metre
130:metre
103:Name
7767:Thai
7737:Pegu
7670:Asia
7308:(US)
7291:Troy
7101:hour
7043:watt
7038:volt
6963:gray
6918:mole
6821:ISBN
6772:ISBN
6741:2020
6728:NIST
6708:2019
6676:BIPM
6654:2021
6646:BIPM
6625:2024
6617:NIST
6599:2014
6577:2012
6552:2017
6526:2011
6496:2011
6465:ISBN
6432:ISBN
6399:ISBN
6353:ISBN
6306:2013
6284:2011
6250:BIPM
6232:2022
6175:ISBN
6157:2015
6128:2019
6100:2012
6064:2012
6028:2012
5975:2020
5963:BIPM
5945:2020
5932:NIST
5913:2010
5891:2009
5844:2023
5819:2022
5787:2020
5757:2023
5750:BIPM
5732:2022
5685:2013
5660:2021
5639:ISBN
5593:2019
5586:NIST
5527:2018
5520:NIST
5491:ISBN
5394:text
5232:(EU)
5171:", "
5167:"; "
5163:"; "
5155:"; "
5093:) =
5034:The
4897:mole
4891:The
4789:and
4773:for
4765:for
4757:for
4749:for
4747:dyne
4741:for
4654:the
4601:and
4571:area
4507:and
4411:CIPM
4224:'2'.
4146:m⋅s
4069:H/m
4053:F/m
4029:C/m
4013:C/m
3997:V/m
3981:J/m
3957:m⋅s
3909:J/K
3890:W/m
3832:N/m
3816:N⋅m
3749:cd/m
3719:kg/m
3627:m/kg
3600:kg/m
3578:kg/m
3562:, 1/
3433:area
3385:and
3377:and
3362:and
3354:and
3344:gram
3340:gram
3081:atto
3021:pico
2993:nano
2910:deci
2873:deca
2867:100
2829:kilo
2800:mega
2771:giga
2737:tera
2704:peta
2477:Name
2373:g/cm
2363:', '
2222:kat
2209:m⋅s
2188:m⋅s
2172:gray
2041:V⋅s
1937:volt
1929:s⋅A
1911:J/s
1892:watt
1879:heat
1875:work
1789:m/m
1768:m/m
1760:rad
1667:ions
1446:mol
1442:mole
1339:0744
1172:mass
953:time
740:mole
712:mass
688:time
317:and
271:mole
265:(K,
257:(A,
251:mass
241:(m,
235:time
190:mole
186:mol
150:mass
120:time
41:The
7076:day
7003:ohm
6993:lux
6778:.
6391:doi
5259:UTC
5179:".
4739:erg
4388:, (
4359:of
3673:A/m
3649:A/m
3504:m/s
3476:m/s
3371:J/K
3364:μkg
3275:001
3272:000
3269:000
3266:000
3263:000
3260:000
3257:000
3254:000
3251:000
3227:001
3224:000
3221:000
3218:000
3215:000
3212:000
3209:000
3206:000
3185:001
3182:000
3179:000
3176:000
3173:000
3170:000
3167:000
3143:001
3140:000
3137:000
3134:000
3131:000
3128:000
3107:001
3104:000
3101:000
3098:000
3095:000
3071:001
3068:000
3065:000
3062:000
3041:001
3038:000
3035:000
3011:001
3008:000
2982:001
2922:0.1
2885:10
2844:000
2818:000
2815:000
2792:000
2789:000
2786:000
2760:000
2757:000
2754:000
2751:000
2730:000
2727:000
2724:000
2721:000
2718:000
2694:000
2691:000
2688:000
2685:000
2682:000
2679:000
2665:exa
2658:000
2655:000
2652:000
2649:000
2646:000
2643:000
2640:000
2616:000
2613:000
2610:000
2607:000
2604:000
2601:000
2598:000
2595:000
2574:000
2571:000
2568:000
2565:000
2562:000
2559:000
2556:000
2553:000
2550:000
2526:000
2523:000
2520:000
2517:000
2514:000
2511:000
2508:000
2505:000
2502:000
2499:000
2387:).
2201:Sv
2176:Gy
2155:Bq
2134:lx
2130:lux
2113:lm
2093:°C
2030:Wb
1984:ohm
1947:, (
1842:Pa
1802:Hz
1781:sr
1717:m/s
1619:683
1602:5.4
1537:cd
1504:140
1432:, (
1425:649
1421:to
1336:509
1312:634
1309:176
1210:070
1206:to
1143:kg
1125:458
1122:792
1120:299
988:770
985:631
982:192
835:770
832:631
829:192
815:070
802:458
799:792
797:299
772:070
744:mol
738:);
726:);
714:);
555:of
528:140
499:649
475:634
472:176
445:070
424:458
421:792
419:299
400:770
397:631
394:192
269:),
261:),
253:),
245:),
237:),
201:cd
141:kg
82:SI
8106::
6815:,
6743:.
6731:.
6725:.
6696:.
6674:.
6644:.
6615:.
6568:.
6542:.
6512:.
6459:.
6407:.
6397:.
6389:.
6367:^
6334:12
6314:^
6248:.
6218:.
6216:73
6214:.
6208:.
6147:.
6083:.
6047:.
6011:.
5961:.
5929:.
5883:73
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5877:.
5827:^
5795:^
5773:.
5748:.
5647:,
5601:^
5551:^
5518:.
5499:,
5413:^
5362::
5346::
5328::
5298:×
5294:=
4849:.
4841:,
4777:.
4708:,
4639:.
4573:,
4522:,
4472:10
4445:10
4437:10
4365:10
4305:=
4293:,
4277:,
4260:°C
4107:,
4039:,
4035:,
3935:,
3915:,
3880:s
3862:s
3856:,
3733:,
3542:,
3483:,
3366:.
3356:mg
3244:10
3199:10
3160:10
3121:10
3088:10
3055:10
3028:10
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