50:
1911:
1906:
837:
163:
248:
982:
Eighty-seven people went down with the ship, and three of the rescued passengers later died at hospitals, bringing the final death toll to 90. Of the dead, only two were crew members: stewardess
Phyllis Hall and ship's physician Lisardo Diaz-Toorens. While some bodies were recovered, most were lost
1012:
The board of inquiry found that the proximate cause of the disaster was the failure to detect the fire early on. Contributing to this were the inadequate security patrol and the lack of a sprinkler head in room 610. The construction of the ship, which contained excessive flammable material, allowed
808:
A watchman did a security patrol between 12:30 and 12:50 a.m. but failed to systematically check all areas of the ship and detect the fire. At some point between midnight and 1:00 a.m. crew and passengers began noticing smoke and heat and started searching for a fire. When they discovered
800:
The fire started shortly after midnight on
November 13 in room 610 on the main deck. At the time of the fire, the room was being used as a storage space and contained mattresses, chairs and other combustible materials. No sprinkler head was installed in the room. The source of the fire could not be
1020:
The report blames the captain and officers on the scene for not taking "firm and positive" action to organize firefighting and evacuation of passengers. It describes the captain's abandonment of the ship as "negligent" and an "overall failure to approach and cope with the difficulties." The board
847:
The remaining crew proceeded to alert passengers and attempted to help them escape their cabins. Some passengers tried to escape through cabin windows but found them difficult or impossible to open due to improper maintenance. The sprinkler system activated but was largely ineffective due to the
828:
After about five minutes, the captain returned to the bridge and at 1:20 a.m. ordered the ship stopped. The radio officer could not send a distress call because of flames and smoke in the radio room. The fire forced the crew to leave the bridge, and the captain gave order to abandon ship at
832:
The captain proceeded to the lifeboat containing the emergency radio, but could not reach it. He and several crew members launched another lifeboat and abandoned ship at about 1:45 a.m. The captain later testified that he wanted to reach one of the rescue vessels to make an emergency call.
578:
had five decks, the upper three devoted to passengers with one cargo deck specially designed for automobiles. The ship had a glassed-in promenade deck, two social halls, a library, a dancing saloon and a verandah cafe. Six boilers provided steam to two
Parsons turbines developing 7,500 shaft
598:
was delivered to the War
Shipping Administration (WSA) at New Orleans for wartime service. The ship had been evaluated for use as an Army hospital ship, and considered better than several actually converted, but was never converted nor used as a hospital ship. The ship was allocated to Army
1054:
law, or SOLAS. The updated law brought new maritime safety rules, requiring fire drills, safety inspections, and structural changes to new ships. Under SOLAS, any vessel carrying more than 50 overnight passengers is required to be built entirely of non-combustible materials such as steel.
705:
the local fleet number X-18 for those operations and the ship was shown as part of the SWPA fleet until July 1945. The ship returned on
December 25, 1944, to Honolulu, and in January 1945 to San Francisco, where the Navy took over jurisdiction briefly until April. On April 20, 1945,
820:
At 1:00 a.m. the engine room alerted the bridge that smoke was coming through the ventilation system. The captain was summoned to the bridge, instructed the crew to sound the alarm, and departed to locate the fire. No announcements over the PA system were made and the
851:
While some lifeboats burned and others could not be launched due to mechanical problems, half of the ship's boats made it safely away. Passengers near the bow could not reach the lifeboats, but some were later picked up by boats from rescue vessels.
599:
transportation requirements and operated by Alooa
Steamship Company under an Army Transportation Corps time charter agreement until placed under a general WSA agreement with Eastern Steamship on March 25. On August 1, 1942, the ship was delivered at
24:
714:
sailed in ballast to arrive at Boston on
February 7, 1946, for delivery to WSA for disposition. On February 19, 1946, the ship was returned to Eastern Steamship Lines for operation under WSA agreement until permanent return on July 1, 1946.
796:
departed Miami for Nassau on
November 12, 1965, with 376 passengers and 176 crew members aboard, a total of 552 people. The ship was due to arrive in Nassau the next day. The captain on the voyage was 35-year-old Byron Voutsinas.
727:'s shipyards at a cost of US$ 1.5 million, she returned to passenger service in May 1947. Fire safety was considered during the refit. Since an upgrade of the ship to the then-current construction standards was not viable, the
1016:
The high death toll was attributed to the fact that the general alarm and PA system were not immediately used to alert passengers and crew. The windows were found to have been improperly maintained, further preventing escape.
1038:
had passed a safety check and fire drill three weeks before the sinking. Although it did not need to conform to
American safety regulations since it was registered under the Panamanian flag, it had to conform to the
848:
severity of the fire. Crew members attempted to battle the flames with hoses, but were hampered by low hydrant pressure. The investigation later determined that more valves were open than the pumps could handle.
681:
before a voyage repair period in
Honolulu and then extensive repairs at San Francisco from April to June 1944. The ship went from San Francisco to Seattle from which the ship returned to SWPA and
1975:
938:
Starting about 2:30 a.m. the U.S. Coast Guard began sending planes and later helicopters to assist in the rescue. The airborne operations would continue throughout the following day.
498:, which operated all oceangoing vessels for the United States, and was used primarily as an army troop transport. Eastern Steamship Lines resumed control of the ship on July 1, 1946.
1051:
1040:
501:
After a short period in service, the ship was laid up, and then sold in 1954 and put under Liberian registry, operating from Boston to Nova Scotia, then to the Caribbean. In 1963
1574:
869:
had slowed significantly on the radar screen. Looking astern, he saw the glowing flames and notified the captain, John Lehto, who had been asleep. Lehto immediately ordered
825:
was not activated. The general alarm would have sounded alarm bells throughout the ship, alerted the passengers, and summoned off-duty personnel to the emergency stations.
829:
about 1:25 a.m. At this point the general alarm could no longer be sounded and they were unable to issue the complete "abandon ship" signal using the ship's whistle.
1341:
1293:
1028:
sank because the doors between the watertight compartments had not been sealed, allowing water to flow freely from the firefighting and sprinkler systems. This caused
1980:
659:
on November 8, 1942. The transport made one trip to the United Kingdom after return to New York in August 1943, and in January 1944 departed for service in the
813:
were not effective. Attempts to activate a fire alarm box were also unsuccessful. The bridge was unaware of the fire until about 1:10 a.m. By this time,
2030:
1970:
1652:
1965:
908:'s captain. After picking up the passengers and some crew from that boat, the freighter turned to rescue further passengers from the burning ship.
890:
at about twelve miles distance. At 2:15 a.m., Captain Carl Brown noticed rising smoke and a red glow on the water. Realizing that this was
1473:
1142:(keel laid February 23, 1926, launched November 6, 1926, delivered July 7, 1927, official number 226635) and should not be confused with
2025:
2000:
1926:
927:
side of the burning ship. Some people jumped into the water and climbed aboard the lifeboats. Others descended ropes and rope ladders.
2010:
1596:
1088:
1009:
An investigation into the sinking was launched by the U.S. Coast Guard, which issued a 27-page report on the disaster in March 1966.
2035:
1990:
1707:
607:(Army) for operation as a United States Army Transport. The transport operated during the first half of 1942 out of New Orleans to
1549:
1995:
604:
746:
run for less than a year, and was then laid up from 1948 to 1953, save for a two-month period in 1950. The ship was sold to a
2005:
1071:
wrote a song based on the tragedy. Called "Ballad of Yarmouth Castle," it was released on his fifth United Artists album,
2015:
1645:
565:
383:
731:
allowed the wooden construction to remain but mandated several improvements, including the installation of a ship-wide
724:
495:
1519:. Washington, D. C.: Transportation Unit, Historical Division, Special Staff, U. S. Army. p. Appendix 30, p. 2.
1391:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1667:
1021:
noted that while the ship's firefighting procedures were adequate, they were not properly implemented by the crew.
204:
728:
710:
was again under the Army and returned to SWPA until returning to Los Angeles in December 1945. In January 1946,
1723:
1638:
822:
751:
274:
1444:. Washington, D. C.: Office of the Chief of Transportation, Army Service Forces, U. S. Army. p. 36, fn 40
1077:, in 1969. That album, along with Lightfoot's other UA releases, was re-released in a three-CD compilation,
766:
546:
476:
472:
286:
86:
76:
774:
568:, 55.7 ft (17.0 m) beam and 26.7 ft (8.1 m) depth, with a crew of 141. On registration
510:
292:
1814:
660:
561:
367:
1311:
1259:
1887:
1335:
1287:
809:
it in room 610 and the toilet above, it had already begun to spread and attempts to fight the fire with
732:
628:
542:
484:
1110:. It can be seen in the background during a scene where Bond meets Quarrel at the Nassau boat docks.
1824:
1439:
1310:
Pacific American Steamship Association; Shipowners Association of the Pacific Coast (December 1927).
1093:
2020:
1985:
1804:
1081:
in 1992. The ballad was not Lightfoot's only shipwreck-themed song; in 1976, he released his album
873:
turned around. The freighter radioed Nassau three times but got no reply. At 1:36 a.m., the
1258:
Pacific American Steamship Association; Shipowners Association of the Pacific Coast (March 1927).
1753:
1687:
1490:
1119:
754:
in 1954. She was given an overnight run from Boston to Nova Scotia, and resumed service to the
1844:
1773:
1625:
1620:
1482:
1365:
857:
810:
600:
553:
as hull number 524 on May 1, 1926. On February 12, 1927, the ship was launched and christened
1866:
1763:
1630:
1083:
1068:
1059:'s largely wooden superstructure was found to be the main cause of the fire's rapid spread.
632:
877:
successfully contacted the Coast Guard in Miami. It was the first distress call sent out.
1834:
1733:
782:
656:
518:
332:
1416:
1196:
1227:
761:
The ship was sold in 1963 to the Chadade Steamship Company, and her name was changed to
1855:
1697:
1073:
778:
682:
352:
1396:. Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce, Bureau of Navigation. 1928. pp. 70–71
959:
The wreck has not been located but is thought to rest 10,800 feet below the Atlantic.
1959:
1713:
1106:
755:
739:
538:
480:
465:
55:
836:
802:
550:
90:
23:
979:
rescued 51 passengers and 41 crew. Both ships arrived in Nassau on November 13.
690:
356:
1876:
991:
904:
was the first ship on the scene, aiding the first lifeboat, which carried the
882:
694:
644:
608:
1941:
1928:
1677:
953:
924:
674:
670:
461:
1626:
Photos of the S.S. Evangeline/Yarmouth Castle taking a trip Bermuda in 1961
956:
onto her port side just before 6:00 a.m., and sank at 6:03 a.m.
698:
612:
564:, 378 ft (115.2 m) on waterline, 365.5 ft (111.4 m)
1783:
998:
747:
743:
686:
652:
648:
616:
586:
served on both the Boston and New York routes with seasonal variation.
336:
168:
1091:," based on the sinking of the American-flagged Great Lakes freighter
865:, also headed east. At 1:30 a.m., the ship's mate noticed that
765:
that year. She offered service from New York City to the Bahamas for
678:
624:
560:
The ship was a twin-screw, steam-turbine-driven vessel of 5,043
253:
805:
wiring, sparks entering through the ventilation or by carelessness.
464:
whose loss in a disastrous fire in 1965 prompted new laws regarding
835:
620:
579:
horsepower for a speed of 18 kn (21 mph; 33 km/h).
514:
1517:
U. S. Army Transportation In The Southwest Pacific Area 1941-1947
967:
Fourteen critically injured people were taken by helicopter from
1486:
1032:
to list and allowed more water to enter through open bulkheads.
777:. The ship ran pleasure cruises on the 186-mile stretch between
640:
557:, with completion in September and delivery on October 4, 1927.
1634:
1481:. Washington: The Army Transportation Association. p. 23.
1043:
or SOLAS, and was regularly inspected by the U.S. Coast Guard.
990:
fire was the worst disaster in North American waters since the
437:
750 first class passengers, 141 crew (as built/registered 1928)
817:
was 120 miles east of Miami and 60 miles northwest of Nassau.
572:
was assigned official number 226690 and signal letters MGNP.
1621:
Gordon Lightfoot's Lyrics to "Ballad of the Yarmouth Castle"
1372:. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration
471:
The ship was the second of two identical ships built by the
22:
1312:"William Cramp & Sons Ship and Engine Building Company"
655:
and other North African ports, supporting operations after
919:
had arrived on the scene. The ship stopped 100 yards from
769:, which went bankrupt that same year. By the end of 1964,
505:
was sold again, put under Panamanian registry and renamed
931:
lowered a motorboat, which towed some of the boats to
521:, from 1964 until the disaster on November 12, 1965.
487:
route, operating in practice out of Boston as well.
1795:
1666:
923:and launched lifeboats, which lined up against the
840:Photograph of the fire taken from the boat deck of
1079:The Original Lightfoot: The United Artists Years,
1001:Harbour with the loss of up to 139 lives in 1949.
912:also launched its own boats to rescue passengers.
1976:World War II passenger ships of the United States
639:began operations out of New York in November to
1597:"IMO – History of fire protection requirements"
898:radioed the U.S. Coast Guard at 2:20 a.m.
603:, for operation under bareboat charter by the
1646:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
8:
1340:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1292:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1197:"Some Notable Early Cruise Ships from Miami"
894:, he ordered the ship ahead at full speed.
16:American steamship lost in a disastrous fire
1013:the fire to quickly spread out of control.
723:After being refitted and refinished at the
331:Caught fire and sank 60 miles northwest of
1653:
1639:
1631:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1393:Merchant Vessels of the United States 1928
440:365 Passengers in 186 cabins later service
1661:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1965
1305:
1303:
1222:
1220:
1218:
475:Ship and Engine Building Company for the
155:Sold and transferred to Liberian registry
1370:Ship History Database Vessel Status Card
1253:
1251:
1249:
1981:Ships built by William Cramp & Sons
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
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1528:
1526:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1179:
1131:
801:determined; it may have been caused by
1333:
1285:
975:rescued 240 passengers and 133 crew.
427:18 kn (21 mph; 33 km/h)
419:2 Parsons steam turbines, 7,500 S.H.P.
18:
1104:appears in the 1962 James Bond movie
941:All survivors had been pulled aboard
785:. She was under Panamanian registry.
635:, during September and October 1942,
244:
159:
46:
7:
1322:(12). San Francisco: J.S. Hines: 585
1138:The first and sister ship was named
549:Ship and Engine Building Company in
537:was built for a new service between
379:378 ft (115 m) (waterline)
1573:Reuben Goossens (25 October 2016).
1274:(3). San Francisco: J.S. Hines: 151
1097:in an early November gale in 1975.
1089:The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald
240:Name and ownership changed in 1963
14:
1415:Larsson, Björn (April 20, 2014).
1050:disaster prompted updates to the
631:. After repair and conversion in
33:sailing under her original name,
2031:Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
1971:Troop ships of the United States
1909:
1904:
1515:Masterson, Dr. James R. (1949).
1228:"Eastern Cruise Lines Postcards"
1120:List of ship and ferry disasters
246:
161:
48:
1966:Steamships of the United States
1166:in 1967; and scrapped in 1977.
1146:. The sister ship was renamed
861:was just eight miles ahead of
530:Construction and early service
1:
382:365.5 ft (111.4 m)
191:F. Leslie Frasier (1954-1962)
657:the landings in North Africa
590:World War II troop transport
545:. The ship was laid down at
205:Eastern Shipping Corporation
124:October 4, 1927 (completion)
1550:"USCG Investigation Report"
1472:Charles, Roland W. (1947).
1419:. Maritime Timetable Images
1087:, which included the song "
1067:Canadian singer-songwriter
1024:The report determined that
725:Bethlehem Steel Corporation
509:; the ship was operated by
496:War Shipping Administration
2052:
2026:Maritime incidents in 1965
2001:Passenger ships of Liberia
1475:Troopships of World War II
719:Postwar commercial service
395:55.7 ft (17.0 m)
2011:Passenger ships of Panama
1899:
1417:"Eastern Steamship Lines"
1364:Maritime Administration.
752:Volusia Steamship Company
729:United States Coast Guard
403:26.7 ft (8.1 m)
343:
275:Chadade Steamship Company
41:
21:
2036:Transportation in Boston
1991:Ferries of Massachusetts
547:William Cramp & Sons
473:William Cramp & Sons
87:William Cramp & Sons
1438:Larson, Harold (1944).
663:(SWPA) for operations.
494:was turned over to the
477:Eastern Steamship Lines
353:Coastal passenger liner
344:General characteristics
194:W.R. Lovett (1962-1963)
142:Official number: 226690
77:Eastern Steamship Lines
1996:Ferries of Nova Scotia
1232:Original and reprinted
971:to Nassau hospitals.
855:The Finnish freighter
844:
767:Caribbean Cruise Lines
661:Southwest Pacific Area
287:Caribbean Cruise Lines
27:
2006:Steamships of Liberia
1316:Pacific Marine Review
1268:Pacific Marine Review
1052:Safety of Life at Sea
1041:Safety of Life at Sea
839:
775:Yarmouth Cruise Lines
629:San Juan, Puerto Rico
543:Yarmouth, Nova Scotia
511:Yarmouth Cruise Lines
490:During World War II,
485:Yarmouth, Nova Scotia
293:Yarmouth Cruise Lines
26:
2016:Steamships of Panama
1833:May (unknown date):
1577:. shipwreckworld.com
1575:"SS Yarmouth Castle"
880:The passenger liner
738:She operated on the
701:. The Army assigned
594:On January 6, 1942,
582:In actual operation
145:Signal letters: MGNP
1942:25.9167°N 78.1000°W
1938: /
1441:Army Hospital Ships
1234:. Simplon Postcards
997:burned and sank in
949:by 4:00 a.m.
750:company called the
479:for service on the
339:, November 13, 1965
1496:on 30 October 2020
845:
811:fire extinguishers
460:, was an American
28:
1947:25.9167; -78.1000
1921:
1920:
1203:. GetCruising.com
1094:Edmund Fitzgerald
601:Norfolk, Virginia
566:registered length
446:
445:
384:registered length
116:February 12, 1927
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1158:again, in 1961;
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1084:Summertime Dream
1069:Gordon Lightfoot
773:was operated by
733:sprinkler system
633:Galveston, Texas
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1796:Other incidents
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1152:Yarmouth Castle
1148:Queen of Nassau
1144:Yarmouth Castle
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1128:
1116:
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1057:Yarmouth Castle
1048:Yarmouth Castle
1036:Yarmouth Castle
1030:Yarmouth Castle
1026:Yarmouth Castle
1007:
988:Yarmouth Castle
983:with the ship.
965:
951:Yarmouth Castle
921:Yarmouth Castle
906:Yarmouth Castle
892:Yarmouth Castle
888:Yarmouth Castle
867:Yarmouth Castle
863:Yarmouth Castle
815:Yarmouth Castle
794:Yarmouth Castle
791:
771:Yarmouth Castle
763:Yarmouth Castle
721:
592:
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519:Nassau, Bahamas
507:Yarmouth Castle
451:Yarmouth Castle
408:Installed power
322:Yarmouth Castle
265:Yarmouth Castle
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31:Yarmouth Castle
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1074:Sunday Concert
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915:By this time,
886:was following
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683:Espiritu Santo
605:War Department
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1005:Investigation
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56:United States
45:
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20:
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1836:Yousuf Baksh
1835:
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1688:
1678:
1601:. Retrieved
1599:. 2010-11-13
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1568:
1557:. Retrieved
1555:. 1966-02-24
1516:
1510:
1498:. Retrieved
1491:the original
1474:
1446:. Retrieved
1440:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1410:
1398:. Retrieved
1392:
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1369:
1366:"Evangeline"
1336:cite journal
1324:. Retrieved
1319:
1315:
1288:cite journal
1276:. Retrieved
1271:
1267:
1261:
1236:. Retrieved
1231:
1205:. Retrieved
1200:
1163:
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583:
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554:
551:Philadelphia
534:
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448:
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321:
264:
230:
179:
91:Philadelphia
66:
34:
30:
1945: /
1699:Bremerhaven
1260:"Steamship
1164:Elizabeth A
973:Bahama Star
969:Bahama Star
947:Bahama Star
933:Bahama Star
917:Bahama Star
896:Bahama Star
883:Bahama Star
842:Bahama Star
803:jury-rigged
691:Finschhafen
454:, built as
366:5,043
357:Cruise ship
295:(1964-1965)
289:(1963-1964)
108:May 1, 1926
97:Yard number
2021:Ship fires
1986:1927 ships
1960:Categories
1933:78°06′00″W
1930:25°55′00″N
1858:Frank Knox
1823:30 April:
1715:Cedarville
1668:Shipwrecks
1603:2010-11-13
1559:2019-05-12
1262:Evangeline
1174:References
1160:San Andred
1102:Evangeline
712:Evangeline
708:Evangeline
703:Evangeline
695:Townsville
669:called at
667:Evangeline
645:Casablanca
637:Evangeline
596:Evangeline
584:Evangeline
576:Evangeline
570:Evangeline
555:Evangeline
535:Evangeline
503:Evangeline
492:Evangeline
457:Evangeline
416:Propulsion
302:In service
211:In service
180:Evangeline
67:Evangeline
35:Evangeline
1877:USS
1868:Amaryllis
1856:USS
1845:HMS
1813:2 March:
1581:31 August
1448:August 1,
1423:August 1,
1400:August 1,
1376:August 1,
1326:August 1,
1278:August 1,
1264:Launched"
1238:8 October
1207:8 October
1162:in 1966;
1154:in 1957;
1150:in 1954;
1126:Footnotes
963:Aftermath
925:starboard
758:in 1955.
756:Caribbean
675:Milne Bay
671:Bora Bora
462:steamship
411:6 boilers
305:1964-1965
214:1954-1963
105:Laid down
1854:18 Jul:
1843:13 Jul:
1803:25 Jan:
1782:27 Dec:
1772:17 Dec:
1762:24 Nov:
1755:Blue Fin
1752:18 Nov:
1742:13 Nov:
1732:18 Oct:
1725:Janequeo
1722:15 Aug:
1696:13 Apr:
1686:13 Feb:
1500:1 August
1487:47004779
1201:Original
1156:Yarmouth
1140:Yarmouth
1114:See also
977:Finnpulp
954:capsized
943:Finnpulp
929:Finnpulp
910:Finnpulp
902:Finnpulp
875:Finnpulp
871:Finnpulp
858:Finnpulp
748:Liberian
699:Brisbane
613:Trinidad
513:between
432:Capacity
281:Operator
201:Operator
121:Acquired
113:Launched
1875:9 Sep:
1865:7 Sep:
1785:Sea Gem
1706:7 May:
1676:1 Jan:
999:Toronto
994:Noronic
744:Bahamas
687:Oro Bay
653:Bizerte
649:Algiers
617:Jamaica
609:Curaçao
525:History
363:Tonnage
337:Bahamas
318:Renamed
227:Renamed
169:Liberia
83:Builder
42:History
1879:AFDM-2
1847:Tiptoe
1735:Marlin
1679:Catala
1485:
1107:Dr. No
1063:Legacy
783:Nassau
697:, and
679:Noumea
625:Panama
374:Length
333:Nassau
254:Panama
1816:K-159
1775:Noemi
1709:Kitak
1553:(PDF)
1494:(PDF)
1479:(PDF)
779:Miami
621:Haiti
515:Miami
424:Speed
400:Depth
271:Owner
186:Owner
73:Owner
1915:1966
1902:1964
1889:K-33
1583:2022
1502:2018
1483:LCCN
1450:2019
1425:2019
1402:2019
1378:2019
1342:link
1328:2019
1294:link
1280:2019
1240:2013
1209:2013
1100:The
1046:The
986:The
945:and
789:Fire
781:and
677:and
641:Oran
627:and
541:and
517:and
392:Beam
349:Type
328:Fate
313:1965
261:Name
237:Fate
222:1963
176:Name
152:Fate
132:1954
63:Name
992:SS
562:GRT
449:SS
368:GRT
100:524
1962::
1712:,
1525:^
1458:^
1368:.
1350:^
1338:}}
1334:{{
1320:24
1318:.
1314:.
1302:^
1290:}}
1286:{{
1272:24
1270:.
1266:.
1248:^
1230:.
1217:^
1199:.
1182:^
935:.
742:–
735:.
693:,
689:,
673:,
651:,
647:,
643:,
623:,
619:,
615:,
611:,
483:–
468:.
335:,
89:,
1654:e
1647:t
1640:v
1606:.
1585:.
1562:.
1504:.
1452:.
1427:.
1404:.
1380:.
1344:)
1330:.
1296:)
1282:.
1242:.
1211:.
355:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
