289:). Riots broke out in the streets of Baghdad against Ibn al-Furat, who now lost any support he might have had. On 16 July the vizier was deposed and executed, along with his son al-Muhassin. The event marked the final ascendance of the military over the civilian bureaucracy, with dire consequences for the future.
249:
raid, the local governor, Sabuk al-Muflihi, went out with his men to meet the assailants without caution, and was killed. After his death his family became slaves. The
Basrans resisted bravely, but without military support they were defeated and killed in mass by the Qarmatians without mercy. The
253:
Only after they had left did
Abbasid troops arrive on the scene. This would be a common theme in the Abbasid military response to the Qarmatian raids: the Qarmatian raiding parties were small, but highly mobile, ensuring that any Abbasid military response would come late. At the same time, the
244:
Barely four days after Ibn al-Furat's deposition, on 11 August 923, some 1,700 Qarmatians under Abu Tahir attacked Basra during the night. They used ladders to climb the walls, overpowered the gate guards and jammed the gates open with sand and stones so that they would not be trapped inside.
262:
Rather than reacting to the
Qarmatian threat, Ibn al-Furat was more concerned with securing his own position at court, exiling or torturing and killing many of his potential rivals. In March 924, however, the Qarmatians
250:
Qarmatians massacred unarmed abbasid soldier pillaged the city unmolested for 17 days, carrying off much booty, and many captives to be sold as slaves, including many women and children.
232:, having reached the age of 16, succeeded to the leadership of the Qarmatians. At the same time, Ali ibn Isa lost his position, and was replaced by his more hawkish rival,
914:
747:
919:
308:, but due to internal troubles, the Qarmatian threat subsided, and peaceful relations were established between Bahrayn and the Abbasid Caliphate.
716:
690:
642:
616:
236:, who favoured military action. Abu Tahir, evidently ambitious to make his mark, likely took this as a pretext to attack the Abbasids.
909:
852:
847:
666:
233:
733:
197:. Under Abu Sa'id's rule, the Qarmatians of Bahrayn remained uninvolved in the Qarmatian uprisings of the 900s against the
904:
801:
740:
709:
Crisis and
Continuity at the Abbasid Court: Formal and Informal Politics in the Caliphate of al-Muqtadir (295β320/908β32)
857:
194:
166:
98:
837:
293:
218:
170:
222:
924:
929:
894:
796:
217:
in 912, they also retained peace with the
Abbasids, helped by donations of money and weapons by the Abbasid
186:
169:, and took place in August 923. It was the first of a series of Qarmatian attacks, that culminated in an
832:
264:
120:
811:
806:
279:, overcame its escort, and took many of the pilgrims captive. The two events, which fell in the same
229:
115:
292:
The
Qarmatians continued attacking Hajj caravans over the following years, before setting out to a
682:
The
Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century
712:
686:
662:
638:
612:
301:
198:
103:
59:
32:
704:
124:
700:
676:
652:
725:
760:
602:
888:
873:
842:
780:
775:
202:
899:
280:
680:
656:
606:
182:
756:
626:
162:
94:
28:
190:
71:
658:
The Armies of the
Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State
210:
297:
276:
246:
154:
305:
272:
214:
158:
55:
283:(311 AH), led chroniclers to label it the "year of destruction" (
16:
Part of the wars between the
Qarmatians and the Abbasid Caliphate
268:
206:
729:
254:
Qarmatian base in
Bahrayn was safe from Abbasid retaliation.
611:(Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
78:
Basra looted and mass killing and enslavement of civilians
498:
496:
435:
433:
431:
346:
344:
418:
416:
705:"The Reign of al-Muqtadir (295β320/908β32): A History"
209:, or in the establishment of the Fatimid Caliphate in
391:
389:
387:
385:
383:
304:. In 930, the Qarmatians would even sack and pillage
284:
866:
820:
789:
768:
635:The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids
631:Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden
21:
741:
296:itself in 927, which at one point threatened
8:
608:The IsmΔΚΏΔ±ΜlΔ±Μs: Their History and Doctrines
748:
734:
726:
228:In January 923, Abu Sa'id's youngest son,
18:
915:Battles involving the Abbasid Caliphate
637:] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck.
586:
562:
538:
526:
502:
487:
463:
451:
439:
422:
407:
374:
350:
335:
316:
7:
685:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman.
574:
550:
514:
475:
395:
362:
323:
153:was the capture and looting of the
661:. London and New York: Routledge.
14:
711:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 13β47.
271:caravan making its way back from
920:Battles involving the Qarmatians
189:had established an independent
1:
27:Part of the wars between the
802:Abu'l-Qasim Sa'id al-Jannabi
300:itself and ranged as far as
213:. Apart from a raid against
285:
946:
910:Military history of Basra
245:Thinking that this was a
223:Ali ibn Isa ibn al-Jarrah
134:
109:
88:
38:
26:
377:, pp. 121, 147β148.
365:, pp. 176, 225β226.
338:, pp. 116β117, 121.
326:, pp. 37β38, 58β60.
110:Commanders and leaders
853:2nd Invasion of Egypt
848:1st Invasion of Egypt
833:924 Hajj caravan raid
905:10th century in Iraq
807:Abu Tahir al-Jannabi
797:Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi
230:Abu Tahir al-Jannabi
187:Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi
116:Abu Tahir al-Jannabi
589:, pp. 288β289.
577:, pp. 230β236.
565:, pp. 149β151.
553:, pp. 229β230.
517:, pp. 227β229.
478:, pp. 226β227.
882:
881:
812:al-Hasan al-A'sam
718:978-90-04-25271-4
692:978-0-582-40525-7
644:978-3-406-35497-7
618:978-0-521-61636-2
529:, pp. 35β39.
466:, pp. 33β34.
454:, pp. 35β36.
302:Upper Mesopotamia
199:Abbasid Caliphate
181:In the 890s, the
147:
146:
104:Abbasid Caliphate
84:
83:
60:Abbasid Caliphate
33:Abbasid Caliphate
937:
838:Invasion of Iraq
750:
743:
736:
727:
722:
696:
672:
648:
622:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
560:
554:
548:
542:
536:
530:
524:
518:
512:
506:
500:
491:
485:
479:
473:
467:
461:
455:
449:
443:
437:
426:
420:
411:
405:
399:
393:
378:
372:
366:
360:
354:
348:
339:
333:
327:
321:
294:invasion of Iraq
288:
171:invasion of Iraq
129:
121:Sabuk al-Muflihi
46:11β28 August 923
40:
39:
19:
945:
944:
940:
939:
938:
936:
935:
934:
925:Looting in Iraq
885:
884:
883:
878:
862:
816:
785:
764:
754:
719:
699:
693:
675:
669:
651:
645:
625:
619:
603:Daftary, Farhad
601:
598:
593:
585:
581:
573:
569:
561:
557:
549:
545:
537:
533:
525:
521:
513:
509:
501:
494:
486:
482:
474:
470:
462:
458:
450:
446:
438:
429:
421:
414:
406:
402:
394:
381:
373:
369:
361:
357:
349:
342:
334:
330:
322:
318:
314:
260:
242:
179:
125:
62:
17:
12:
11:
5:
943:
941:
933:
932:
930:Crime in Basra
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
895:920s conflicts
887:
886:
880:
879:
877:
876:
870:
868:
864:
863:
861:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
824:
822:
818:
817:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
793:
791:
787:
786:
784:
783:
778:
772:
770:
766:
765:
755:
753:
752:
745:
738:
730:
724:
723:
717:
697:
691:
673:
667:
649:
643:
623:
617:
597:
594:
592:
591:
579:
567:
555:
543:
541:, p. 149.
531:
519:
507:
492:
480:
468:
456:
444:
442:, p. 163.
427:
412:
410:, p. 191.
400:
398:, p. 226.
379:
367:
355:
353:, p. 287.
340:
328:
315:
313:
310:
286:sanat al-damΔr
259:
256:
241:
238:
178:
175:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
132:
131:
118:
112:
111:
107:
106:
101:
91:
90:
86:
85:
82:
81:
80:
79:
68:
64:
63:
54:
52:
48:
47:
44:
36:
35:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
942:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
892:
890:
875:
874:Al-Ahsa Oasis
872:
871:
869:
865:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
843:Sack of Mecca
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
828:Sack of Basra
826:
825:
823:
819:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
794:
792:
788:
782:
781:Hamdan Qarmat
779:
777:
774:
773:
771:
767:
762:
758:
751:
746:
744:
739:
737:
732:
731:
728:
720:
714:
710:
706:
702:
701:Kennedy, Hugh
698:
694:
688:
684:
683:
678:
677:Kennedy, Hugh
674:
670:
668:0-415-25093-5
664:
660:
659:
654:
653:Kennedy, Hugh
650:
646:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
614:
610:
609:
604:
600:
599:
595:
588:
583:
580:
576:
571:
568:
564:
559:
556:
552:
547:
544:
540:
535:
532:
528:
523:
520:
516:
511:
508:
505:, p. 35.
504:
499:
497:
493:
490:, p. 33.
489:
484:
481:
477:
472:
469:
465:
460:
457:
453:
448:
445:
441:
436:
434:
432:
428:
425:, p. 34.
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
404:
401:
397:
392:
390:
388:
386:
384:
380:
376:
371:
368:
364:
359:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
332:
329:
325:
320:
317:
311:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
287:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
257:
255:
251:
248:
240:Sack of Basra
239:
237:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
176:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:Sack of Basra
142:
139:
138:
133:
130:
128:
122:
119:
117:
114:
113:
108:
105:
102:
100:
96:
93:
92:
87:
77:
76:
75:
73:
69:
66:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
49:
45:
42:
41:
37:
34:
30:
25:
22:Sack of Basra
20:
827:
708:
681:
657:
634:
630:
607:
587:Kennedy 2004
582:
570:
563:Daftary 2007
558:
546:
539:Daftary 2007
534:
527:Kennedy 2013
522:
510:
503:Kennedy 2013
488:Kennedy 2013
483:
471:
464:Kennedy 2013
459:
452:Kennedy 2013
447:
440:Kennedy 2001
423:Kennedy 2013
408:Kennedy 2004
403:
375:Daftary 2007
370:
358:
351:Kennedy 2004
336:Daftary 2007
331:
319:
291:
281:Islamic year
261:
252:
243:
234:Ibn al-Furat
227:
180:
173:in 927β928.
150:
148:
126:
89:Belligerents
70:
627:Halm, Heinz
185:missionary
889:Categories
776:Isma'ilism
769:Background
763:(899β1077)
312:References
177:Background
163:Qarmatians
95:Qarmatians
29:Qarmatians
858:Overthrow
759:state of
757:Qarmatian
575:Halm 1991
551:Halm 1991
515:Halm 1991
476:Halm 1991
396:Halm 1991
363:Halm 1991
324:Halm 1991
258:Aftermath
193:state in
191:Qarmatian
72:Qarmatian
703:(2013).
679:(2004).
655:(2001).
629:(1991).
605:(2007).
265:attacked
211:Ifriqiya
183:Isma'ili
157:city of
135:Strength
74:victory
51:Location
31:and the
761:Bahrayn
596:Sources
298:Baghdad
277:Baghdad
247:Bedouin
195:Bahrayn
167:Bahrayn
161:by the
155:Abbasid
143:Unknown
127:†
99:Bahrayn
821:Events
790:People
715:
689:
665:
641:
615:
219:vizier
123:
67:Result
867:Other
633:[
306:Mecca
273:Mecca
215:Basra
203:Syria
159:Basra
140:1,700
56:Basra
713:ISBN
687:ISBN
663:ISBN
639:ISBN
613:ISBN
269:Hajj
267:the
207:Iraq
205:and
149:The
43:Date
900:923
275:to
225:.
201:in
165:of
97:of
891::
707:.
495:^
430:^
415:^
382:^
343:^
221:,
58:,
749:e
742:t
735:v
721:.
695:.
671:.
647:.
621:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.