467:
444:
tales of how he was converted to
Buddhism, and making him a patron of the latter religion, at the same time that he continues in his previous, more worldly, religious functions. One version of the story relates how, while the Buddha and his disciples were out walking one day, they met Tsagaan Ubgen, who so impressed the Buddha with his wisdom that he (Buddha) declared Tsagaan Ubgen to be a "saint". A different version of the tale has Tsagaan Ubgen as one of two hunters, the other being Hara Ubgen (
17:
498:
443:
with the indigenous shamanism of the region. Before the introduction of
Buddhism to Mongolia and Buryatia, he was the deity of longevity, wealth, and fertility. To account for his continued veneration as part of Buddhist practice, narratives have been added to his existing mythology, providing
555:
bottle attached to his girdle, is the main character in the "Tiger Dance", which symbolizes the transition to the new year from the old. He enters the dance area weak and staggering, or even being carried. After symbolically killing a tiger by striking a tiger skin with a stick, his strength is
556:
renewed. In some variations of the dance, he then proceeds to pass among the audience seeking donations of money, sometimes offering a peck of snuff from his bottle in return. In other variations, he begins to drink alcohol and continue dancing until he is too drunk to dance.
481:, who like Tsagaan Ubgen is a patron deity of family longevity, wealth, and health. His conventional appearance is that of a bald old man with a white beard. He carries a dragon-headed staff and the book of destiny and is traditionally accompanied by a deer and a peach tree.
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pantheon. He is worshiped as a deity in what scholars have called "white shamanism", a subdivision of what scholars have called "Buryat
439:
The modern
Mongolian and Buryat Buddhist pantheons include Tsagaan Ubgen, like many other figures in those pantheons, as a result of
909:
887:
861:
824:
805:
783:
349:
1077:
Hesse, Klaus (February 1986). "A Note on the
Transformation of White, Black and Yellow Shamanism in the History of the Mongols".
941:
1120:
793:
342:
52:
412:"—that is, a tradition of shamanism that "incorporate Buddhist rituals and beliefs" and is influenced specifically by
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The Elder White character was imported from the Cham dance into the
Tibetan Cham in the 20th century by order of the
1135:
455:
37:
1140:
897:
846:
Shimamura, Ippei (2004). "Yellow
Shamans (Mongolia)". In Walter, Mariko Namba; Neumann Fridman, Eva Jane (eds.).
478:
505:
Tsagaan Ubgen has the same kindly bald old man with a white beard appearance in the
Mongolian version of the
1130:
1125:
509:. There, he appears alongside other masked characters representing other syncretic Buddhist gods such as
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971:(1976). "Eine Anrufung des «Weissen Alten» in der Staatbibliothek Preußischer Kulturbesitz Berlin".
875:
834:
222:
60:
540:, in Tibetan, and was first introduced into the Cham dance as part of the New Year's dance of the
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980:
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905:
883:
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Hesse, Klaus (1987). "On the
History of Mongolian Shamanism in Anthropological Perspective".
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994:
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309:
302:
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88:
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Various alternative transliterations of the name into the
English alphabet exist including
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525:
382:
237:
81:
74:
514:
458:. Milarepa persuades them to give up hunting and to take up the teaching of Buddhism.
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guardian of life and longevity, one of the symbols of fertility and prosperity in the
1114:
1098:
541:
428:
247:
207:
501:
In this 1880 picture of a tsam dance troupe, Sagaan Ubgen is seated at front right.
474:
261:
187:
182:
143:
21:
798:
Tibetan
Religious Dances: Tibetan Text and Annotated Translation of the ʼChams Yig
423:
In some versions of the mythology, Sagaan Ubgen the White Elder is the partner of
197:
212:
202:
118:
1090:
948:(in Russian). Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Сов. энциклопедия. pp. 247–248.
548:. From there, he spread to cham dance in other monasteries throughout Tibet.
506:
440:
217:
192:
138:
424:
929:Семантика образа Белого старца в традиционной культуре монгольских народов
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451:
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328:
165:
41:
702:
700:
698:
696:
854:
Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture
1043:(4). Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO): 313–316.
496:
465:
232:
175:
170:
15:
997:(1957). "Note sur le culte du Vieillard blanc chez les Ordos".
497:
473:
Tsagaan Ubgen is often depicted similarly to the Tibetan deity
551:
In the Cham dance, Tsagaan Ubgen, dressed all in white with a
285:
841:(in Russian) (4th ed.). Большая российская энциклопедия.
817:
Lord of the Dance: The Mani Rimdu Festival in Tibet and Nepal
528:, who had a dream during his exile in Mongolia. He is named
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628:
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624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
671:
669:
667:
1007:"Цаган-эбугэн'у судур орошиба (Sutra on the Elder White)"
878:(2009). "Lamaism". In Balzer, Marjorie Mandelstam (ed.).
800:. Religion and Society. Vol. 2. Walter de Gruyter.
535:
529:
717:
715:
757:
733:
706:
596:
386:
36:. This statue of Tsagan Aav stands in front of the
435:Syncretic incorporation into the Buddhist pantheon
1030:(in Russian). АПП "Джангар". pp. 97 et seq.
819:. SUNY series in Buddhist studies. SUNY Press.
377:
937:– includes an overview of the literature
956:Белый старец одарит здоровьем и благополучием
445:
395:
350:
8:
1035:Hummel, Siegbert (December 1962). "Pe-Har".
1019:Администрация города Элиста официальный сайт
856:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 649–651.
658:
634:
31:
25:
985:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
357:
343:
47:
1009:(in Russian). Библиотека Максима Мошкова.
973:Walfang Voigt LXV diem natalem celebranti
880:Religion and Politics in Russia: A Reader
675:
646:
588:
687:
610:
580:
564:
59:
978:
927:Неманова, Элеонора Аллековна (2004).
778:(2nd ed.). Bradt Travel Guides.
372:("The elder White", "White Old Man";
7:
745:
721:
1026:Бакаевар, Эльза Петровна (2003).
14:
953:Неманова, Элеонора (2011-01-24).
774:Blunden, Jane (2008). "Culture".
38:Golden Temple of Śākyamuni Buddha
1028:Добуддийские верования калмыков
946:Мифы народов мира: энциклопедия
450:), who, out hunting, encounter
876:Zhukovskaia, Nataliia L' vovna
427:, Mother Earth, also known as
1:
942:Токарев, Сергей Александрович
931:(Ph.D. thesis) (in Russian).
416:. Sagaan Ubgen originated in
160:Godheads (Buryat and Mongol)
1157:
1091:10.1177/025764308600200102
1015:"Цаган Аав (Белый Старец)"
904:. Dorling Kindersley Ltd.
794:de Nebesky-Wojkowitz, René
462:Appearance and iconography
387:
32:
26:
1021:(in Russian). 2010-06-29.
815:Kohn, Richard J. (2001).
758:de Nebesky-Wojkowitz 1976
734:de Nebesky-Wojkowitz 1976
707:de Nebesky-Wojkowitz 1976
597:de Nebesky-Wojkowitz 1976
479:Old Man of the South Pole
446:
396:
378:
1027:
955:
928:
837:(1998). "ЦАГАН ЭБУГЕН".
661:, p. 194–195.
477:, or to the Chinese god
975:(in German). Wiesbaden.
536:
530:
502:
470:
379:(Дэлхийн) цагаан өвгөн
45:
649:, pp. 649, 650..
500:
469:
19:
1121:Mongolian shamanism
223:Manzan Gurme Toodei
61:Mongolian shamanism
1079:Studies in History
503:
471:
317:Siberian shamanism
268:Zasa Mergen Baatar
46:
1136:Mongolian deities
995:Mostaert, Antoine
902:Myths and Legends
898:Wilkinson, Philip
835:Мелетинский, Е.М.
546:Namgyal Monastery
367:
366:
280:Related religions
1148:
1141:Mongol mythology
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1064:(4/6): 403–413.
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969:Heissig, Walther
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866:. Archived from
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691:
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659:Zhukovskaia 2009
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635:Мелетинский 1998
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414:Tibetan Buddhism
410:yellow shamanism
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310:Manchu shamanism
303:Korean shamanism
119:Lunar New Year (
107:Mongol mythology
89:Yellow shamanism
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921:Further reading
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882:. M.E. Sharpe.
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531:rgan po dkar po
526:13th Dalai Lama
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456:Milarepa's Cave
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273:
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238:Qormusta Tengri
161:
153:
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144:Hitching post (
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82:White shamanism
75:Black shamanism
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22:Kalmyk language
12:
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5:
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1131:Fertility gods
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1107:External links
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999:Studia Altaica
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748:, p. 315.
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676:Wilkinson 2009
663:
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647:Shimamura 2004
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637:, p. 602.
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585:Tsagaan Ebugen
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573:Tsagaan Uvgun
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542:Potala Palace
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1001:. Wiesbaden.
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868:the original
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767:Bibliography
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688:Blunden 2008
683:
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642:
595:(as used in
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587:(as used in
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581:Blunden 2008
579:(as used in
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550:
534:, or simply
523:
504:
490:
489:and Tibetan
486:
475:Gyalpo Pehar
472:
438:
422:
397:Белый Старец
388:Сагаан үбгэн
369:
368:
262:Genghis Khan
243:Sagaan Ubgen
242:
188:Arshi Tengri
183:Altan Telgey
145:
129:
120:
24:the name is
447:Хара Эбуген
258:Sülde Tngri
213:Esege Malan
203:Dayan Deerh
121:Tsagaan Sar
44:, Kalmykia.
1115:Categories
961:Белая Юрта
606:References
517:, and the
507:Cham dance
441:syncretism
429:Etügen Eke
218:Etugen Eke
193:Atai Ulaan
139:Wind horse
27:Цаган Авга
1099:162239153
1058:Anthropos
981:cite book
849:Shamanism
839:Мифология
746:Kohn 2001
722:Kohn 2001
593:Cagan Öbö
560:Footnotes
537:rgan dkar
402:Mongolian
400:) is the
374:Mongolian
198:Bai-Ülgen
33:Цаган Аав
1070:40463470
1049:29754618
944:(1987).
933:Улан-Удэ
900:(2009).
796:(1976).
776:Mongolia
515:Mahākāla
452:Milarepa
418:Mongolia
406:Buddhist
296:Tengrism
291:Buddhism
228:Od iyesi
128:Mirror (
101:Features
53:a series
51:Part of
591:), and
392:Russian
324:Shenism
20:In the
1097:
1068:
1047:
908:
886:
860:
823:
804:
782:
519:Garuda
511:Begtse
493:dances
425:Itügen
383:Buryat
329:Shinto
166:Tenger
42:Elista
1095:S2CID
1066:JSTOR
1045:JSTOR
553:snuff
233:Odqan
176:Ongon
171:Tngri
146:Serge
69:Types
987:link
906:ISBN
884:ISBN
858:ISBN
821:ISBN
802:ISBN
780:ISBN
491:cham
487:tsam
130:Toli
1087:doi
583:),
544:at
454:in
286:Bon
40:in
1117::
1093:.
1081:.
1062:82
1060:.
1041:13
1039:.
1017:.
983:}}
979:{{
959:.
852:.
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575:,
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431:.
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1101:.
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989:)
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260:(
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