478:
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tales of how he was converted to
Buddhism, and making him a patron of the latter religion, at the same time that he continues in his previous, more worldly, religious functions. One version of the story relates how, while the Buddha and his disciples were out walking one day, they met Tsagaan Ubgen, who so impressed the Buddha with his wisdom that he (Buddha) declared Tsagaan Ubgen to be a "saint". A different version of the tale has Tsagaan Ubgen as one of two hunters, the other being Hara Ubgen (
28:
509:
454:
with the indigenous shamanism of the region. Before the introduction of
Buddhism to Mongolia and Buryatia, he was the deity of longevity, wealth, and fertility. To account for his continued veneration as part of Buddhist practice, narratives have been added to his existing mythology, providing
566:
bottle attached to his girdle, is the main character in the "Tiger Dance", which symbolizes the transition to the new year from the old. He enters the dance area weak and staggering, or even being carried. After symbolically killing a tiger by striking a tiger skin with a stick, his strength is
567:
renewed. In some variations of the dance, he then proceeds to pass among the audience seeking donations of money, sometimes offering a peck of snuff from his bottle in return. In other variations, he begins to drink alcohol and continue dancing until he is too drunk to dance.
492:, who like Tsagaan Ubgen is a patron deity of family longevity, wealth, and health. His conventional appearance is that of a bald old man with a white beard. He carries a dragon-headed staff and the book of destiny and is traditionally accompanied by a deer and a peach tree.
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pantheon. He is worshiped as a deity in what scholars have called "white shamanism", a subdivision of what scholars have called "Buryat
450:
The modern
Mongolian and Buryat Buddhist pantheons include Tsagaan Ubgen, like many other figures in those pantheons, as a result of
920:
898:
872:
835:
816:
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360:
1088:
Hesse, Klaus (February 1986). "A Note on the
Transformation of White, Black and Yellow Shamanism in the History of the Mongols".
952:
1131:
804:
353:
63:
423:"—that is, a tradition of shamanism that "incorporate Buddhist rituals and beliefs" and is influenced specifically by
535:
The Elder White character was imported from the Cham dance into the
Tibetan Cham in the 20th century by order of the
1146:
466:
48:
1151:
908:
857:
Shimamura, Ippei (2004). "Yellow
Shamans (Mongolia)". In Walter, Mariko Namba; Neumann Fridman, Eva Jane (eds.).
489:
516:
Tsagaan Ubgen has the same kindly bald old man with a white beard appearance in the
Mongolian version of the
1141:
1136:
520:. There, he appears alongside other masked characters representing other syncretic Buddhist gods such as
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982:(1976). "Eine Anrufung des «Weissen Alten» in der Staatbibliothek Preußischer Kulturbesitz Berlin".
886:
845:
233:
71:
551:, in Tibetan, and was first introduced into the Cham dance as part of the New Year's dance of the
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894:
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Hesse, Klaus (1987). "On the
History of Mongolian Shamanism in Anthropological Perspective".
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1005:
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117:
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Various alternative transliterations of the name into the
English alphabet exist including
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393:
248:
92:
85:
525:
469:. Milarepa persuades them to give up hunting and to take up the teaching of Buddhism.
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guardian of life and longevity, one of the symbols of fertility and prosperity in the
1125:
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In this 1880 picture of a tsam dance troupe, Sagaan Ubgen is seated at front right.
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272:
198:
193:
154:
32:
809:
Tibetan
Religious Dances: Tibetan Text and Annotated Translation of the ʼChams Yig
434:
In some versions of the mythology, Sagaan Ubgen the White Elder is the partner of
208:
223:
213:
129:
1101:
17:
959:(in Russian). Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Сов. энциклопедия. pp. 247–248.
559:. From there, he spread to cham dance in other monasteries throughout Tibet.
517:
451:
228:
203:
149:
435:
940:Семантика образа Белого старца в традиционной культуре монгольских народов
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462:
428:
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532:; and is one of the few characters in the dance who is able to speak.
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521:
339:
176:
52:
713:
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709:
707:
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Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture
1054:(4). Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO): 313–316.
507:
476:
243:
186:
181:
26:
1008:(1957). "Note sur le culte du Vieillard blanc chez les Ordos".
508:
484:
Tsagaan Ubgen is often depicted similarly to the Tibetan deity
562:
In the Cham dance, Tsagaan Ubgen, dressed all in white with a
296:
852:(in Russian) (4th ed.). Большая российская энциклопедия.
828:
Lord of the Dance: The Mani Rimdu Festival in Tibet and Nepal
539:, who had a dream during his exile in Mongolia. He is named
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631:
629:
627:
625:
682:
680:
678:
1018:"Цаган-эбугэн'у судур орошиба (Sutra on the Elder White)"
889:(2009). "Lamaism". In Balzer, Marjorie Mandelstam (ed.).
811:. Religion and Society. Vol. 2. Walter de Gruyter.
546:
540:
728:
726:
768:
744:
717:
607:
397:
47:. This statue of Tsagan Aav stands in front of the
446:Syncretic incorporation into the Buddhist pantheon
1041:(in Russian). АПП "Джангар". pp. 97 et seq.
830:. SUNY series in Buddhist studies. SUNY Press.
388:
948:– includes an overview of the literature
967:Белый старец одарит здоровьем и благополучием
456:
406:
361:
8:
1046:Hummel, Siegbert (December 1962). "Pe-Har".
1030:Администрация города Элиста официальный сайт
867:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 649–651.
669:
645:
42:
36:
996:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
368:
354:
58:
1020:(in Russian). Библиотека Максима Мошкова.
984:Walfang Voigt LXV diem natalem celebranti
891:Religion and Politics in Russia: A Reader
686:
657:
599:
698:
621:
591:
575:
70:
989:
938:Неманова, Элеонора Аллековна (2004).
789:(2nd ed.). Bradt Travel Guides.
383:("The elder White", "White Old Man";
7:
756:
732:
1037:Бакаевар, Эльза Петровна (2003).
25:
964:Неманова, Элеонора (2011-01-24).
785:Blunden, Jane (2008). "Culture".
49:Golden Temple of Śākyamuni Buddha
1039:Добуддийские верования калмыков
957:Мифы народов мира: энциклопедия
461:), who, out hunting, encounter
887:Zhukovskaia, Nataliia L' vovna
438:, Mother Earth, also known as
1:
953:Токарев, Сергей Александрович
942:(Ph.D. thesis) (in Russian).
427:. Sagaan Ubgen originated in
171:Godheads (Buryat and Mongol)
1168:
1102:10.1177/025764308600200102
1026:"Цаган Аав (Белый Старец)"
915:. Dorling Kindersley Ltd.
805:de Nebesky-Wojkowitz, René
473:Appearance and iconography
398:
43:
37:
1032:(in Russian). 2010-06-29.
826:Kohn, Richard J. (2001).
769:de Nebesky-Wojkowitz 1976
745:de Nebesky-Wojkowitz 1976
718:de Nebesky-Wojkowitz 1976
608:de Nebesky-Wojkowitz 1976
490:Old Man of the South Pole
457:
407:
389:
1038:
966:
939:
848:(1998). "ЦАГАН ЭБУГЕН".
672:, p. 194–195.
488:, or to the Chinese god
986:(in German). Wiesbaden.
547:
541:
513:
481:
390:(Дэлхийн) цагаан өвгөн
56:
660:, pp. 649, 650..
511:
480:
30:
1132:Mongolian shamanism
234:Manzan Gurme Toodei
72:Mongolian shamanism
1090:Studies in History
514:
482:
328:Siberian shamanism
279:Zasa Mergen Baatar
57:
1147:Mongolian deities
1006:Mostaert, Antoine
913:Myths and Legends
909:Wilkinson, Philip
846:Мелетинский, Е.М.
557:Namgyal Monastery
378:
377:
291:Related religions
16:(Redirected from
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1152:Mongol mythology
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1075:(4/6): 403–413.
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980:Heissig, Walther
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877:. Archived from
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646:Мелетинский 1998
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425:Tibetan Buddhism
421:yellow shamanism
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321:Manchu shamanism
314:Korean shamanism
130:Lunar New Year (
118:Mongol mythology
100:Yellow shamanism
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932:Further reading
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893:. M.E. Sharpe.
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537:13th Dalai Lama
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467:Milarepa's Cave
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249:Qormusta Tengri
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155:Hitching post (
113:
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93:White shamanism
86:Black shamanism
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33:Kalmyk language
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18:White shamanism
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1142:Fertility gods
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1118:External links
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881:on 2014-07-15.
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687:Wilkinson 2009
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658:Shimamura 2004
650:
648:, p. 602.
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596:Tsagaan Ebugen
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553:Potala Palace
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1012:. Wiesbaden.
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879:the original
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778:Bibliography
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699:Blunden 2008
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606:(as used in
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598:(as used in
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592:Blunden 2008
590:(as used in
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545:, or simply
534:
515:
501:
500:and Tibetan
497:
486:Gyalpo Pehar
483:
449:
433:
408:Белый Старец
399:Сагаан үбгэн
380:
379:
273:Genghis Khan
254:Sagaan Ubgen
253:
199:Arshi Tengri
194:Altan Telgey
156:
140:
131:
35:the name is
458:Хара Эбуген
269:Sülde Tngri
224:Esege Malan
214:Dayan Deerh
132:Tsagaan Sar
55:, Kalmykia.
1126:Categories
972:Белая Юрта
617:References
528:, and the
518:Cham dance
452:syncretism
440:Etügen Eke
229:Etugen Eke
204:Atai Ulaan
150:Wind horse
38:Цаган Авга
1110:162239153
1069:Anthropos
992:cite book
860:Shamanism
850:Мифология
757:Kohn 2001
733:Kohn 2001
604:Cagan Öbö
571:Footnotes
548:rgan dkar
413:Mongolian
411:) is the
385:Mongolian
209:Bai-Ülgen
44:Цаган Аав
1081:40463470
1060:29754618
955:(1987).
944:Улан-Удэ
911:(2009).
807:(1976).
787:Mongolia
526:Mahākāla
463:Milarepa
429:Mongolia
417:Buddhist
307:Tengrism
302:Buddhism
239:Od iyesi
139:Mirror (
112:Features
64:a series
62:Part of
602:), and
403:Russian
335:Shenism
31:In the
1108:
1079:
1058:
919:
897:
871:
834:
815:
793:
530:Garuda
522:Begtse
504:dances
436:Itügen
394:Buryat
340:Shinto
177:Tenger
53:Elista
1106:S2CID
1077:JSTOR
1056:JSTOR
564:snuff
244:Odqan
187:Ongon
182:Tngri
157:Serge
80:Types
998:link
917:ISBN
895:ISBN
869:ISBN
832:ISBN
813:ISBN
791:ISBN
502:cham
498:tsam
141:Toli
1098:doi
594:),
555:at
465:in
297:Bon
51:in
1128::
1104:.
1092:.
1073:82
1071:.
1052:13
1050:.
1028:.
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990:{{
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431:.
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271:(
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41:/
20:)
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