378:
929:
965:
313:
1181:
1231:
1091:
941:
856:
green body with its characteristic “saddle” has also become well defined with its color having developed into a dark-orange or brown color with each of its molts. At this stage, the thorns along the tentacles and tuburances have also become well developed and elongated. About four to five months after hatching the caterpillar will have reached its final instar and will begin to feed on both sides of the leaf and leaf tissue to ready itself for pupating. Before spinning its cocoon, an individual larva can reach measurements close to 20mm long and 7mm wide.
449:
1022:
1199:
1215:
917:
394:
953:
1052:
they are connected to a gland that secretes venom that, when broken, is released into predators or unsuspecting gardeners. These spines are usually orange along the skirt of the caterpillar and orange or black along the tentacles present at both ends of the body. The larvae will use this defensively by curling outwards so that their spines are unavoidable to a predator. The spines are also used in the silk cocoon to further protect it during metamorphosis.
53:
1001:
31:
1749:
40:
1737:
355:. The green of the body contrasts against its dark anterior (head) and posterior (rear) which, along with the skirt of the body, contain tubercles with hollow spines that, when broken, release an irritating toxin into predators. Like others in the family Limacodidae, they rely on their slug-like anatomy to move. Similar to a slug,
840:
Occurs during the second to fourth molt and is the period in time where the larva begins to gain its characteristic markings. Here, the top of the body gains a more opaque green that differentiates the top of the body from the bottom and contains a black dot, commonly called a "saddle", at the center
1064:
also exhibits a false face with two green or white dots that contrast against the dark coloring of the body that act as large eyes. While this marking resembles a face, it is actually located at the posterior of the
Saddleback caterpillar. This is an example of defensive mimicry which can be seen in
1051:
coloring which is a distinct vibrant coloring that represents their toxicity. Along the anterior, posterior and skirt of the caterpillar are tubercles that contain threatening hollow spines. While these spines are threatening alone, they actually go a step further in acting as a defense mechanism as
833:
and green protuberances along the skirt which lack the long spiny thorns that are seen in older larvae. While it also lacks the recognizable saddled back, there may be markings on the body that indicate where the saddle will be as the top of some hatchlings tend to have a white or a slightly darker
1113:
in humans. These spines are fragile and can become airborne and embedded into surfaces therefore immediate action is required for removal if infected to prevent prolonged harm. Spines can be removed by using adhesive tape over the infected area to pull out the spines, with a new piece of tape used
855:
is most known for its late instar stage where it is easily identifiable through its unique marking that has become more vibrant. As the anterior and posterior range from being a vibrant orange, brown, or dark purple the top of the body has turned into a more vibrant green. The caterpillars'
991:
for up to 24 hours. In the wild mating rituals occur during nights with warm temperatures, which can vary between
February and July in the United States. After mating the female will choose a host plant and lay her eggs on the underside of the leaf where she will frequently visit until they have
845:
will also develop a facial marking with two cream or light-green markings that mimic large eyes at the posterior end of the body. The protuberances along the bottom sides of the larvae also become orange at this stage. Thorns on the tentacles and the protuberances along the side of the body also
798:
eggs are flat and are a translucent lime green color when first laid by the mother. As they get closer to hatching the eggs become a translucent yellow and shriveled. Eclosion (the emergence of larvae from eggs) can take up to 10 days and the newly emerged larvae will feed on the underside of a
841:
that is held within a white oval shape that is surrounded by a black outlining. At this stage the tentacles also gain their coloring. The tentacles usually become darker with age, starting as green when hatched and then becoming orange around the middle instar. Some
891:
in color as both males and females have dark brown anterior wings, cream, posterior wings, and a dark brown body. Like in other moths in the family
Limacodidae, the wings and body appear to have a velvety fur-like texture. One of the main characteristics of
1114:
for each treatment. Symptoms can be mild or severe and can last from a few hours to a few days depending on the sensitivity of those infected and can be relieved through prescribed medication on a case-by-case basis. Some of the symptoms include
1071:(elephant hawk-moth) which exhibits snake like features in order to deter predators. It is not uncommon for these facial features to be represented on the posterior as it is believed to be used to misdirect predators and is often called
377:
1644:
Bézier, Annie; Annaheim, Marc; Herbinière, Juline; Wetterwald, Christoph; Gyapay, Gabor; Bernard-Samain, Sylvie; Wincker, Patrick; Roditi, Isabel; Heller, Manfred; Belghazi, Maya; Pfister-Wilhem, Rita (2009-02-13).
896:
at this stage is the presence of white dots that occur with about one or three at the apex and one at the inner middle of the anterior wings. Their wings can also reach a wingspan of 30mm. At this stage
1180:
350:
exhibits its characteristic lime-green coloring along the top of the body that contains its most identifiable feature, a dark marking at the center that is inclosed in a white and black that resembles a
964:
846:
begin to elongate and obtain their stinging nature, with those on the tentacles being longer in length. At this stage larvae will also begin to eat plant tissue and grow to be about 5-8mm in size.
928:
794:
plant's leaf, laying clusters of 30-50 eggs at a single time with an average of 300 in total. Each egg is around 1.5-2.0mm long and 1mm wide. Similar to other eggs of the family
Limacodidae,
1198:
1974:
1230:
815:
Throughout its life as a larva the saddleback caterpillar will go through a series of growths and molts. During the period between each molt the larva is regarded as an
1546:
1408:
1364:
940:
1918:
1214:
1879:
872:
webbing. This webbing is made up in part by caterpillars’ stinging thorns which helps attach and protect the caterpillar through its metamorphosis.
1090:
312:
241:
The larva (caterpillar) is primarily green with brown at both ends and a prominent white-ringed brown dot in the center which resembles a
234:
of a species of moth native to eastern North
America. It is also found in Mexico. The species belongs to the family of slug caterpillars,
1578:
1530:
1488:
1392:
1174:
eggs are able to survive by feeding on the inside of the saddleback caterpillar and emerge as larvae by creating holes in the body.
1969:
1964:
1105:, gardeners are most at risk of accidental exposure. The spines along the caterpillar, when broken, will release an irritating
257:
in humans. In some cases, more severe reactions to the venom can occur, including a systemic condition called erucism or acute
52:
1827:
393:
1741:
1166:. A female braconid wasp will inject eggs in a venom like manner into its chosen host caterpillar, which is known as
1923:
164:
1520:
1382:
1568:
427:. Adult moths fly during warm months which can be year round in the south or between July and August in the U.S.
1321:
1123:
1708:
1101:
is known for having one of the strongest stings and, because the saddleback caterpillar is commonly found in
916:
1119:
738:
524:
371:
loses all of its vibrant coloring and develops velvety dark brown anterior wings and cream posterior wings.
1770:
1076:
868:
the cocoon appears to be a hardened light brown spherical shape with black veining that is encompassed in
1832:
1358:
1147:
1021:
697:
448:
424:
147:
1808:
1753:
952:
829:
lacks its characteristic coloring and instead tends to be a translucent lime green with green or black
1271:
825:
Caterpillar larvae vary in size and are capable of being between 1.5-2.0mm in length. At this stage a
1959:
1853:
1658:
1598:
1188:
988:
733:
1910:
1690:
1626:
1540:
1461:
1402:
1131:
1067:
1027:
743:
651:
297:
270:
173:
47:
883:
emerge in June and July with females tending to be larger in size than their male counterparts.
1819:
1931:
1682:
1674:
1618:
1574:
1526:
1494:
1484:
1453:
1388:
888:
692:
1936:
1666:
1610:
1443:
1346:
1102:
360:
1481:
Caterpillars of
Eastern North America : a guide to identification and natural history
1171:
1000:
473:
445:
female moths are known to lay their egg on and where they live during their larvae phase:
285:
may also have irritating hairs, and hairs from the larva can fall on surrounding objects.
281:. The hairs should be removed from the skin immediately to prevent more venom spread. The
246:
245:. It has a pair of fleshy horns at both ends. These and most of the rest of the body bear
30:
1567:
Baer, Alexander B.; Pines, Jesse M.; Brady, William J.; Holstege, Christopher P. (2011).
1254:
1662:
1599:"Defensive posture and eyespots deter avian predators from attacking caterpillar models"
1143:
791:
716:
711:
656:
558:
124:
1646:
1433:"Natural History of Limacodid Moths (Zygaenoidea) in the Environs of Washington, D.C."
1953:
1221:
1205:
1163:
1151:
767:
721:
639:
634:
416:
282:
1630:
1465:
1694:
1135:
902:
568:
544:
534:
438:
278:
274:
1614:
437:
and do not rely on a single plant species for survival though they tend to favor
1905:
1892:
1802:
1272:
Stinging
Caterpillars: A Guide to Recognition of Species Found on Alabama Trees.
1072:
1048:
1005:
668:
434:
335:
235:
114:
104:
1793:
1748:
39:
1167:
1032:
687:
681:
675:
662:
552:
420:
1759:
1678:
1622:
1457:
1866:
1670:
1498:
1110:
826:
800:
646:
609:
602:
581:
539:
529:
258:
84:
64:
1686:
1448:
1432:
1736:
1522:
Garden
Insects of North America : The Ultimate Guide to Backyard Bugs
1384:
Garden
Insects of North America : The Ultimate Guide to Backyard Bugs
1162:
The saddleback caterpillar are known to become frequently infested by the
1840:
1787:
1139:
1115:
830:
804:
705:
595:
588:
511:
478:
468:
453:
262:
987:
will mate as soon as two days after emerging from their cocoon and will
1884:
1350:
1079:
1009:
622:
293:
289:
1897:
253:. Contact with the hairs causes a painful, swollen rash and sometimes
1845:
1647:"Polydnaviruses of Braconid Wasps Derive from an Ancestral Nudivirus"
1127:
816:
787:
748:
563:
483:
352:
343:
266:
254:
242:
94:
74:
1764:
1338:
1871:
367:
to help them roll and adhere to surfaces. After pupation the adult
1106:
1089:
1020:
999:
726:
617:
517:
500:
447:
423:
but they can also survive the slightly cooler temperatures of the
364:
339:
311:
250:
231:
869:
865:
753:
628:
573:
505:
331:
1858:
1768:
1573:. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. pp. 167 & 168.
1018:
has two distinct defense mechanisms, aposematism and mimicry.
783:
495:
488:
346:(a phase between two periods of molting in the development),
1431:
Murphy, Shannon M.; Lill, John T.; Epstein, Marc E. (2011).
1339:"Stinging Caterpillars: Slug Caterpillars and Flannel Moths"
1570:
Visual
Diagnosis in Emergency and Critical Care Medicine
1597:
Hossie, Thomas John; Sherratt, Thomas N. (2013-08-01).
1337:
A. Dellinger, Day, Theresa, Eric (February 14, 2020).
419:
and are most known for living in warmer climates like
296:
in the United States, it feeds on palms such as the
1777:
338:that is most widely known and recognizable for its
441:. Below is a list of known host plants that the
1760:Additional images of the saddleback caterpillar
1483:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
1208:larvae emerging from the saddleback caterpillar
1325:(Clemens) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Limacodidae).
1109:into its victims that is known to cause acute
1519:Crenshaw and Shetlar, Whitney, David (2017).
1381:Crenshaw and Shetlar, Whitney, David (2017).
8:
1545:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1407:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1363:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
819:to indicate its progression into adulthood.
1709:"Saddleback Caterpillar (Acharia stimulea)"
1327:EENY-522. University of Florida IFAS. 2012.
1765:
1525:. Princeton University Press. p. 84.
1436:The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
1387:. Princeton University Press. p. 84.
38:
29:
20:
1447:
1154:have been reported to help relieve pain.
1975:Taxa named by James Brackenridge Clemens
459:
261:, for which severe symptoms may include
1247:
1176:
912:
383:Saddleback caterpillar (larvae form of
373:
16:Larva of an eastern North American moth
1538:
1400:
1356:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1220:Saddleback caterpillar with parasitic
319:caterpillars lateral and anterior view
1592:
1590:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1266:
1264:
1262:
7:
1376:
1374:
1274:Entomology. Auburn University. 1998.
1186:Example of ovipositing seen in the
1094:Late instar saddleback caterpillar
1004:Saddleback caterpillar exhibiting
14:
834:green marking on its top center.
1747:
1735:
1229:
1213:
1197:
1179:
1086:Dangers and treatments of stings
963:
951:
939:
927:
915:
392:
376:
51:
342:phase. During the mid and late
1343:Virginia Cooperative Extension
1320:Bibbs, C. S. and J. H. Frank.
1236:Saddleback Caterpillar remains
946:Saddleback caterpillar remains
288:The larvae feed on plants. In
1:
1615:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.05.029
905:and live 10 days on average.
265:, gastrointestinal symptoms,
1060:Throughout the larvae stage
744:great white bird of paradise
1065:other moth species such as
249:that secrete an irritating
1991:
1479:Wagner, David L. (2005).
1124:gastrointestinal symptoms
996:Defense against predators
909:Gallery of the life cycle
462:
179:
172:
153:
146:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
1122:, difficulty breathing,
408:Distribution and habitat
1970:Moths described in 1860
1671:10.1126/science.1166788
24:Saddleback caterpillar
1965:Moths of North America
1449:10.18473/lepi.v65i3.a1
1095:
1036:
1012:
992:successfully hatched.
790:on the underside of a
559:Caribbean trumpet tree
457:
320:
218:saddleback caterpillar
1093:
1024:
1003:
451:
425:eastern United States
315:
191:Limacodes ephippiatus
1744:at Wikimedia Commons
1189:Aleiodes indiscretus
652:West Indies mahogany
525:Brazilian Peppertree
1663:2009Sci...323..926B
1152:oral antihistamines
1025:Elephant hawkmoth (
326:(formally known as
1132:anaphylactic shock
1096:
1068:Deilephila elpenor
1037:
1028:Deilephila elpenor
1013:
838:The middle instar:
803:until their first
458:
321:
302:Adonidia merrillii
271:anaphylactic shock
199:Sibine ephippiatus
1947:
1946:
1932:Open Tree of Life
1771:Taxon identifiers
1740:Media related to
1657:(5916): 926–930.
1103:ornamental plants
823:The first instar:
759:
758:
214:
213:
203:
195:
187:
183:Empretia stimulea
1982:
1940:
1939:
1927:
1926:
1914:
1913:
1901:
1900:
1888:
1887:
1875:
1874:
1862:
1861:
1849:
1848:
1836:
1835:
1823:
1822:
1820:Acharia-stimulea
1813:
1812:
1811:
1809:Acharia stimulea
1798:
1797:
1796:
1779:Acharia stimulea
1766:
1754:Acharia stimulea
1752:Data related to
1751:
1742:Acharia stimulea
1739:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1603:Animal Behaviour
1594:
1585:
1584:
1564:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1536:
1516:
1503:
1502:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1451:
1428:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1398:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1354:
1334:
1328:
1323:Acharia stimulea
1318:
1275:
1268:
1257:
1252:
1233:
1217:
1201:
1183:
1099:Acharia stimulea
1062:Acharia stimulea
1045:Acharia stimulea
1016:Acharia stimulea
985:Acharia stimulea
972:Acharia stimulea
967:
955:
943:
931:
919:
899:Acharia stimulea
894:Acharia stimulea
881:Acharia stimulea
853:Acharia stimulea
843:Acharia stimulea
796:Acharia stimulea
780:Acharia stimulea
722:Citrus aurantium
460:
443:Acharia stimulea
431:Acharia stimulea
413:Acharia stimulea
401:Acharia stimulea
396:
385:Acharia stimulea
380:
369:Acharia stimulea
357:Acharia stimulea
348:Acharia stimulea
324:Acharia stimulea
317:Acharia stimulea
247:urticating hairs
201:
193:
185:
159:
157:Acharia stimulea
139:A. stimulea
56:
55:
42:
33:
21:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1935:
1930:
1922:
1917:
1909:
1904:
1896:
1891:
1883:
1878:
1870:
1865:
1857:
1852:
1844:
1839:
1831:
1826:
1818:
1816:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1773:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1717:
1715:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1566:
1565:
1554:
1537:
1533:
1518:
1517:
1506:
1491:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1430:
1429:
1416:
1399:
1395:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1355:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1319:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1237:
1234:
1225:
1218:
1209:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1160:
1144:corticosteroids
1130:complications,
1088:
1058:
1042:
998:
981:
974:
968:
959:
956:
947:
944:
935:
932:
923:
920:
911:
878:
862:
813:
776:
764:
739:false buckthorn
717:jungle geranium
712:mountain coffee
640:Barbados cherry
530:flamingo flower
421:Yucatan, Mexico
410:
403:
397:
388:
381:
328:Sibine stimulea
310:
273:, rupturing of
269:complications,
228:Sibine stimulea
223:Acharia stimuli
207:Sabine stimulus
168:
161:
155:
142:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1988:
1986:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1928:
1915:
1902:
1889:
1876:
1863:
1850:
1837:
1824:
1814:
1799:
1783:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1756:at Wikispecies
1745:
1731:
1730:External links
1728:
1725:
1724:
1700:
1636:
1609:(2): 383–389.
1586:
1579:
1552:
1531:
1504:
1489:
1471:
1442:(3): 137–152.
1414:
1393:
1370:
1329:
1276:
1258:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1228:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1194:
1185:
1178:
1172:parasitic wasp
1159:
1156:
1120:conjunctivitis
1087:
1084:
1057:
1054:
1041:
1038:
997:
994:
980:
977:
976:
975:
969:
962:
960:
957:
950:
948:
945:
938:
936:
933:
926:
924:
921:
914:
910:
907:
887:moths are not
877:
874:
861:
858:
812:
809:
775:
772:
763:
760:
757:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
730:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
701:
700:
695:
690:
685:
678:
672:
671:
666:
659:
654:
649:
643:
642:
637:
632:
625:
620:
614:
613:
606:
599:
592:
585:
577:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
548:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
521:
520:
515:
508:
503:
498:
492:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
465:
464:
415:are native to
409:
406:
405:
404:
399:Adult form of
398:
391:
389:
382:
375:
334:of the family
309:
306:
212:
211:
210:
209:
204:
196:
188:
177:
176:
170:
169:
162:
151:
150:
144:
143:
136:
134:
130:
129:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1987:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1580:9781444397987
1576:
1572:
1571:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1534:
1532:9781400888948
1528:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1490:0-691-12143-5
1486:
1482:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1396:
1394:9781400888948
1390:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1270:Hyche, L. L.
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1241:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1222:braconid wasp
1216:
1211:
1207:
1206:braconid wasp
1200:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:braconid wasp
1157:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:intraspecific
1074:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1002:
995:
993:
990:
986:
978:
973:
966:
961:
954:
949:
942:
937:
930:
925:
918:
913:
908:
906:
904:
900:
895:
890:
886:
882:
875:
873:
871:
867:
859:
857:
854:
851:
847:
844:
839:
835:
832:
828:
824:
820:
818:
810:
808:
806:
802:
797:
793:
789:
786:3 days after
785:
782:will lay her
781:
773:
771:
769:
768:metamorphosis
761:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
731:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
707:
703:
702:
699:
698:macadamia nut
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
683:
679:
677:
674:
673:
670:
667:
665:
664:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
630:
629:Leea coccinea
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
607:
605:
604:
600:
598:
597:
593:
591:
590:
586:
584:
583:
579:
578:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
554:
550:
549:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
519:
516:
514:
513:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
463:Host Plants:
461:
456:
455:
450:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
426:
422:
418:
417:North America
414:
407:
402:
395:
390:
386:
379:
374:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
318:
314:
307:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:
219:
208:
205:
200:
197:
192:
189:
186:Clemens, 1860
184:
181:
180:
178:
175:
171:
166:
160:
158:
152:
149:
148:Binomial name
145:
141:
140:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1778:
1716:. Retrieved
1713:www.usgs.gov
1712:
1703:
1654:
1650:
1639:
1606:
1602:
1569:
1521:
1480:
1474:
1439:
1435:
1383:
1359:cite journal
1342:
1332:
1322:
1250:
1187:
1161:
1136:hemorrhaging
1098:
1097:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1044:
1043:
1026:
1015:
1014:
984:
982:
979:Reproduction
971:
903:envenomation
898:
893:
884:
880:
879:
863:
852:
850:Late instar:
849:
848:
842:
837:
836:
822:
821:
814:
795:
779:
777:
765:
704:
680:
661:
635:crape myrtle
627:
608:
601:
594:
587:
580:
551:
545:Asparagaceae
510:
452:
442:
430:
429:
412:
411:
400:
384:
368:
356:
347:
327:
323:
322:
316:
301:
287:
279:hemorrhaging
275:erythrocytes
240:
227:
222:
221:
217:
215:
206:
198:
194:Harris, 1869
190:
182:
156:
154:
138:
137:
125:
18:
1960:Limacodidae
1906:NatureServe
1893:iNaturalist
1803:Wikispecies
1351:10919/56091
1255:Naturalista
1168:ovipositing
1073:automimicry
1040:Aposematism
1006:aposematism
934:Late instar
778:The mother
669:Orchidaceae
574:sago 'palm'
569:Indian shot
535:pathos vine
435:polyphagous
336:Limacodidae
308:Description
298:Manila palm
236:Limacodidae
226:, formerly
202:Kirby, 1892
115:Limacodidae
105:Lepidoptera
1954:Categories
1718:2020-04-17
1242:References
1204:Parasitic
1158:Parasitism
1049:aposematic
1033:Sphingidae
922:Mid instar
766:Stages of
762:Life cycle
688:coral vine
682:Podocarpus
676:sweet corn
663:Eucalyptus
657:rubber fig
553:Helianthus
85:Arthropoda
1679:0036-8075
1623:0003-3472
1541:cite book
1458:0024-0966
1403:cite book
1140:Ice packs
1116:headaches
1111:urticaria
1047:exhibits
889:dimorphic
831:tentacles
827:hatchling
801:epidermis
727:grapevine
647:Malvaceae
623:spicebush
610:Gladiolus
603:Hydrangea
582:Vaccinium
564:hackberry
263:migraines
259:urticaria
230:) is the
133:Species:
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
1911:2.109979
1841:BugGuide
1817:BAMONA:
1794:Q1948552
1788:Wikidata
1687:19213916
1631:53263767
1499:56955922
1466:87458828
989:copulate
866:pupating
734:canistel
706:Gardenia
693:seagrape
596:Wisteria
589:Codiaeum
512:Viburnum
479:chestnut
474:basswood
469:Rosaceae
454:Gardenia
174:Synonyms
111:Family:
81:Phylum:
75:Animalia
61:Domain:
1937:1000690
1885:9776414
1695:6538583
1659:Bibcode
1651:Science
1148:topical
1080:mimicry
1056:Mimicry
1010:mimicry
885:Acharia
799:leaf's
484:dogwood
361:suckers
330:) is a
294:Alabama
290:Florida
167:, 1860)
165:Clemens
126:Acharia
121:Genus:
101:Order:
95:Insecta
91:Class:
1924:691692
1898:122228
1872:SIBIST
1859:377338
1693:
1685:
1677:
1629:
1621:
1577:
1529:
1497:
1487:
1464:
1456:
1391:
1224:larvae
1170:. The
1128:asthma
1008:&
983:Adult
970:Adult
864:While
817:instar
811:Larvae
788:mating
749:lychee
353:saddle
344:instar
340:larvae
283:cocoon
277:, and
267:asthma
255:nausea
243:saddle
1833:50786
1691:S2CID
1627:S2CID
1462:S2CID
1107:toxin
901:lack
876:Adult
618:pecan
540:Palms
518:holly
501:maple
439:palms
365:mucus
359:uses
251:venom
232:larva
1919:NCBI
1880:GBIF
1867:EPPO
1828:BOLD
1683:PMID
1675:ISSN
1619:ISSN
1575:ISBN
1547:link
1527:ISBN
1495:OCLC
1485:ISBN
1454:ISSN
1409:link
1389:ISBN
1365:link
1192:wasp
1150:and
1134:and
958:Pupa
870:silk
860:Pupa
805:molt
792:host
784:eggs
774:Eggs
754:kale
506:plum
433:are
363:and
332:moth
292:and
216:The
1854:EoL
1846:507
1667:doi
1655:323
1611:doi
1444:doi
1347:hdl
1142:,
1075:or
496:oak
489:elm
304:).
1956::
1934::
1921::
1908::
1895::
1882::
1869::
1856::
1843::
1830::
1805::
1790::
1711:.
1689:.
1681:.
1673:.
1665:.
1653:.
1649:.
1625:.
1617:.
1607:86
1605:.
1601:.
1589:^
1555:^
1543:}}
1539:{{
1507:^
1493:.
1460:.
1452:.
1440:65
1438:.
1417:^
1405:}}
1401:{{
1373:^
1361:}}
1357:{{
1345:.
1341:.
1279:^
1261:^
1146:,
1138:.
1126:,
1118:,
1082:.
1031:,
807:.
770::
238:.
1721:.
1697:.
1669::
1661::
1633:.
1613::
1583:.
1549:)
1535:.
1501:.
1468:.
1446::
1411:)
1397:.
1367:)
1353:.
1349::
1035:)
387:)
300:(
220:(
163:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
