Samuel Morse - Knowledge (XXG)

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the described effect, that is, print at a distance intelligible marks or signs. To produce that effect, it must be combined with, and passed through, and operate upon, certain complicated and delicate machinery, adjusted and arranged upon philosophical principles, and prepared by the highest mechanical skill. And it is the high praise of Professor Morse, that he has been able, by a new combination of known powers, of which electro-magnetism is one, to discover a method by which intelligible marks or signs may be printed at a distance. And for the method or process thus discovered, he is entitled to a patent. But he has not discovered that the electro-magnetic current, used as motive power, in any other method, and with any other combination, will do as well."

754:, in a similar way, with careful attention to architecture and dramatic lighting. He also wished to select a uniquely American topic that would bring glory to the young nation. His subject did just that, showing American democracy in action. He traveled to Washington D.C. to draw the architecture of the new Capitol and placed eighty individuals within the painting. He chose to portray a night scene, balancing the architecture of the Rotunda with the figures, and using lamplight to highlight the work. Pairs of people, those who stood alone, individuals bent over their desks working, were each painted simply but with faces of character. Morse chose nighttime to convey that Congress' dedication to the principles of democracy transcended day. 598: 581: 951: 969: 928: 913: 1344: 4056: 1918: 984: 1934: 1902: 1580:

it closed a circuit to cause the next battery to power the succeeding relay, as suggested in the accompanying figure. This caused Morse's signal to pass along the cascade without degrading into noise as its amplitude decreased with the distance traveled. (Each time the amplitude of the signal approaches the noise level, the repeater boosts the signal amplitude well above the noise level.) This use of "repeaters" permitted a message to be sent to great distances, which was previously not feasible.

738: 1233:, Morse devised a system of electromagnetic relays. This was the key innovation, as it freed the technology from being limited by distance in sending messages. The range of the telegraph was limited to two miles (3.2 km), and the inventors had pulled two miles (3.2 km) of wires inside the factory house through an elaborate scheme. The first public transmission, with the message, "A patient waiter is no loser", was witnessed by a mostly local crowd. 1190: 1584:

signals. The apparatus limitation in the former type of claim limited the patent monopoly to what Morse taught and gave the world. The lack of that limitation in the latter type of claim (i.e., claim 8) both gave Morse more than was commensurate with what he had contributed to society and discouraged the inventive efforts of others who might come up with different and/or better ways to send signals at a distance using the electromagnetic force.

999: 1410:. They later married. Lind purchased the Hacienda from his sister when she became a widow. Morse, who often spent his winters at the Hacienda with his daughter and son-in-law, set a two-mile telegraph line connecting his son-in-law's Hacienda to their house in Arroyo. The line was inaugurated on March 1, 1859, in a ceremony flanked by the Spanish and American flags. The first words transmitted by Samuel Morse that day in Puerto Rico were: 3795: 264: 1072: 862: 292: 5141: 1254: 1424: 898: 3737: 398: 5151: 1086: 5130: 1632: 51: 5161: 2861: 1616: 681: 330:, among other things), and believed in the Federalist support of an alliance with Britain and a strong central government. Morse strongly believed in education within a Federalist framework, alongside the instillation of Calvinist virtues, morals, and prayers for his first son. His first ancestor in America was Anthony Morse, of 787:, and the third seems reserved for Lafayette. A peaceful woodland landscape below him symbolized American tranquility and prosperity as it approached the age of fifty. The developing friendship between Morse and Lafayette and their discussions of the Revolutionary War affected the artist after his return to New York City. 510:, through the depiction of simple clothing as well as the people's austere facial features. His image captured the psychology of the Federalists; Calvinists from England brought to North America ideas of religion and government, thus linking the two countries. This work attracted the attention of the notable artist, 1051: 1148:

electromagnetic telegraph in 1833. They had reached the stage of launching a commercial telegraph prior to Morse, despite starting later. In England, Cooke became fascinated by electrical telegraphy in 1836, four years after Morse. Aided by his greater financial resources, Cooke abandoned his primary

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After the first two cable-laying attempts failed, Field reorganized the project, removing Morse from direct involvement. Though the cable broke three times during the third attempt, it was successfully repaired, and the first transatlantic telegraph messages were sent in 1858. The cable failed after

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The Supreme Court sustained, however, Morse's claim to such telecommunication when effectuated by means of Morse's inventive "repeater" apparatus. This was an electrical circuit in which a cascade of many sets comprising a relay and a battery were connected in series, so that when each relay closed,

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Among the noted people who owned property in the new borough was Samuel F. B. Morse. He owned property running from Morse Avenue east to Dallytown Road (Bergen Boulevard). Morse bought the property with the intention of building a home here. A barn was the only structure completed when the inventor

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The Supreme Court said: "Professor Morse has not discovered that the electric or galvanic current will always print at a distance, no matter what may be the form of the machinery or mechanical contrivances through which it passes. You may use electro-magnetism as a motive power, and yet not produce

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is now, what it has ever been, a system of the darkest political intrigue and despotism, cloaking itself to avoid attack under the sacred name of religion. They will be deeply impressed with the truth, that Popery is a political as well as a religious system; that in this respect it differs totally

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The Supreme Court said, "The great difficulty in their way was the fact that the galvanic current, however strong in the beginning, became gradually weaker as it advanced on the wire; and was not strong enough to produce a mechanical effect, after a certain distance had been traversed." 56 U.S. at

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Morse's actual language in his claim 8 was: "Eighth. I do not propose to limit myself to the specific machinery or parts of machinery described in the foregoing specification and claims, the essence of my invention being the use of the motive power of the electric or galvanic current, which I call

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Morse worked to unite Protestants against Catholic institutions (including schools), wanted to forbid Catholics from holding public office, and promoted changing immigration laws to limit immigration from Catholic countries. On this topic, he wrote, "We must first stop the leak in the ship through

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in 1838 seeking federal sponsorship for a telegraph line but was not successful. He went to Europe, seeking both sponsorship and patents, but in London discovered that Cooke and Wheatstone had already established priority. After his return to the US, Morse finally gained financial backing by Maine

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Samuel Morse gave large sums to charity. He also became interested in the relationship of science and religion and provided the funds to establish a lectureship on "the relation of the Bible to the Sciences". Though he was rarely awarded any royalties for the later uses and implementations of his

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The Supreme Court thus held that Morse could properly claim a patent monopoly on the system or process of transmitting signals at any distance by means of the repeater circuitry indicated above, but he could not properly claim a monopoly over any and all uses of electromagnetic force to transmit

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Morse made his last trip to Washington, D.C., in December 1842, stringing "wires between two committee rooms in the Capitol, and sent messages back and forth" to demonstrate his telegraph system. Congress appropriated $ 30,000 (equivalent to $ 981,000 in 2023) in 1843 for construction of an

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on January 11, 1838, Morse and Vail made the first public demonstration of the electric telegraph. Although Morse and Alfred Vail had done most of the research and development in the ironworks facilities, they chose a nearby factory house as the demonstration site. Without the

1327:'s idea of broadcasting an electrical telegraph signal through a body of water or down steel railroad tracks or anything conductive. He went to great lengths to win a lawsuit for the right to be called "inventor of the telegraph" and promoted himself as being an inventor. But 1173:

I have ever known, that all my time has been occupied in defense, in putting evidence into something like legal shape that I am the inventor of the Electro-Magnetic Telegraph! Would you have believed it ten years ago that a question could be raised on that

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The importance of this legal precedent in patent law cannot be overstated, as it became the foundation of the law governing the eligibility of computer program-implemented inventions (as well as inventions implementing natural laws) to be granted patents.

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was important and desisted from her wicked ways. Apollo shows no remorse for what he did but stands with a puzzled look. Many American paintings throughout the early nineteenth century had religious themes, and Morse was an early exemplar of this.

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in Paris, the governments of Europe were approached about their long neglect of Morse while their countries were using his invention. There was a widespread recognition that something must be done, and in 1858 Morse was awarded the sum of 400,000

879: 779:. He felt compelled to paint a grand portrait of the man who helped to establish a free and independent America. He features Lafayette against a magnificent sunset. He has positioned Lafayette to the right of three pedestals: one has a bust of 696:. Morse's 1818 painting of Mrs. Emma Quash symbolized the opulence of Charleston. The young artist was doing well for himself. Between 1819 and 1821, Morse went through great changes in his life, including a decline in commissions due to the 3641:

NYT staff (November 11, 1852), "Franklin and his Electric Kite – Prosecution and Progress of Electrical researches – Historical Sketch of the Electric Telegraph – Claims of Morse and others – Uses of Electricity – Telegraphic Statistics",

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I assert ... that the Federalists in the Northern States have done more injury to their country by their violent opposition measures than a French alliance could. Their proceedings are copied into the English papers, read before

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case has become widely known among patent lawyers because the Supreme Court explicitly denied Morse's claim 8 for any and all use of the electromagnetic force for purposes of transmitting intelligible signals to any distance.

1603: 380:. She died on February 7, 1825, of a heart attack shortly after the birth of their third child. (Susan b. 1819, Charles b. 1823, James b. 1825). He married his second wife, Sarah Elizabeth Griswold on August 10, 1848, in 2933:

electro-magnetism, however developed, for marking or printing intelligible characters, signs, or letters, at any distances, being a new application of that power of which I claim to be the first inventor or discoverer."

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Despite honors and financial awards received from foreign countries, there was no such recognition in the U.S. until he neared the end of his life when on June 10, 1871, a bronze statue of Samuel Morse was unveiled in

564:. Both societies were conflicted over loyalties. Anti-Federalist Americans aligned themselves with the French, abhorred the British, and believed a strong central government to be inherently dangerous to democracy. 5809: 1523:

is not sin. It is a social condition ordained from the beginning of the world for the wisest purposes, benevolent and disciplinary, by Divine Wisdom. The mere holding of slaves, therefore, is a condition having

560:. The muscles symbolized the strength of the young and vibrant United States versus the British and British-American supporters. During Morse's time in Britain, the Americans and British were engaged in the 3281: 1153:

would not carry a telegraphic signal over long distances. He theorized that numerous small batteries were far more successful and efficient in this task. (Wheatstone was building on the primary research of

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joke that allowed users to use Morse Code to send text from their mobile phones. Morse's great-great-grandnephew Reed Morse—a Google engineer—was instrumental in the prank, which became a real product.

5894: 5819: 1568:, and the correct battery configuration into a workable practical telegraph. However, in spite of this clear ruling, Morse still received no official recognition from the United States government. 797:

From 1830 to 1832, Morse traveled and studied in Europe to improve his painting skills, visiting Italy, Switzerland, and France. During his time in Paris, he developed a friendship with the writer

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Puerto Rico, beautiful jewel! When you are linked with the other jewels of the Antilles in the necklace of the world's telegraph, yours will not shine less brilliantly in the crown of your Queen!

5839: 1463:(his brother Sidney was the editor at the time) urging people to fight the perceived Catholic menace. These were widely reprinted in other newspapers. Among other claims, he believed that the 5197: 2021:"It was in the month of J, a century ago, that Franklin made his celebrated experiment with the Electric Kite, by means of which he demonstrated the identity of electricity and lightning". 5849: 275:(April 27, 1791 – April 2, 1872) was an American inventor and painter. After establishing his reputation as a portrait painter, Morse, in his middle age, contributed to the invention of a 927: 1213:

at frequent intervals and was soon able to send a message through ten miles (16 km) of wire. This was the great breakthrough he had been seeking. Morse and Gale were soon joined by

576:, and circulated through their country, and what do they say of them ... they call them cowards, a base set, say they are traitors to their country and ought to be hanged like traitors. 3479: 950: 1901: 1402:, then a Spanish Colony. Morse's oldest daughter, Susan Walker Morse (1819–1885), would often visit her uncle Charles Pickering Walker, who owned the Hacienda Concordia in the town of 5854: 1149:

subject of anatomy and built a small electrical telegraph within three weeks. Wheatstone also was experimenting with telegraphy and (most importantly) understood that a single large

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just three months of use. Though Field had to wait out the Civil War, the cable laid in 1866 proved more durable, and the era of reliable transatlantic telegraph service had begun.

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with a 13-mile (21 km) stretch of telegraph. However, within a few years, Cooke and Wheatstone's multiple-wire signaling method would be overtaken by Morse's cheaper method.

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at another Royal Academy exhibition, but Morse's time had run out. He left England on August 21, 1815, to return to the United States and begin his full-time career as a painter.

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The decade 1815–1825 marked significant growth in Morse's work, as he sought to capture the essence of America's culture and life. He painted the Federalist former President

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Although Jedidiah Morse did not change Samuel's political views, he continued as an influence. Critics believe that the elder Morse's Calvinist ideas are integral to Morse's

1700:'s ambitious plan to construct the first transoceanic telegraph line. Morse had experimented with underwater telegraph circuits since 1842. He invested $ 10,000 in Field's 1495:

was a native of Ireland, and the first bishop of Richmond, Virginia. When after a couple of years, differences regarding questions of jurisdiction arose between him and

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In an 1848 letter to a friend, Morse describes how vigorously he fought to be called the sole inventor of the electromagnetic telegraph despite the previous inventions.

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In the same book, published in 1835 under the name of "Brutus", in speaking of "the foreign Emissaries of Popery re-warded in their own country," said : "Where is

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Morse encountered the problem of getting a telegraphic signal to carry over more than a few hundred yards of wire. His breakthrough came from the insights of Professor

3979: 494: 1245:. This funding may be the first instance of government support to a private researcher, especially funding for applied (as opposed to basic or theoretical) research. 3339: 1492: 1488: 5834: 5190: 3446: 1776:

In his will he provided an award medal that is presented annually by the New York University to one undergraduate student who shows special ability in physics.

1158:, an American physicist.) Cooke and Wheatstone formed a partnership and patented the electrical telegraph in May 1837, and within a short time had provided the 1751: 1735: 1684:, each of which contributed a share according to the number of Morse instruments in use in each country. In 1858, he was also elected a foreign member of the 5113: 5085: 5080: 4105: 912: 5779: 3757: 5774: 3143:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda

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Surely American Protestants, freemen, have discernment enough to discover beneath them the cloven foot of this subtle foreign heresy. They will see that

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US Patent 1,647 (Reissue #79), Improvement in the mode of communicating information by signals by the application of electro-magnetism, January 15, 1846

2579: 1868:, from the Queen of Spain, besides being elected member of innumerable scientific and art societies in this and other countries. Other awards include 812:

In 1832, after his return to the United States, Morse was appointed professor of painting and sculpture at the University of the City of New York, now

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Critics have suggested that Jupiter represents God's omnipotence—watching every move that is made. Some call the portrait a moral teaching by Morse on

5183: 499: 5804: 5784: 5754: 3611:— Produced by Carlo Traverso, Richard Prairie, and PG Distributed Proofreaders. This file was produced from images generously made available by the 3073: 1391:

The Morse telegraphic apparatus was officially adopted as the standard for European telegraphy in 1851. Only the United Kingdom (with its extensive

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allowed Morse to express his support of Anti-Federalism while maintaining his strong spiritual convictions. Benjamin West sought to present the

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The problem that Morse faced (the deterioration of the signal with distance) and how he solved it is discussed in more detail in the article

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Charles Thomas Jackson – "Head Behind The Hands" – Applying Science to Implement Discovery and Invention in Early Nineteenth Century America

3819: 1406:. During one of her visits, she met Edward Lind, a Danish merchant who worked in his brother-in-law's Hacienda La Henriqueta in the town of 1129:

that he developed would become the primary language of telegraphy in the world. It is still the standard for rhythmic transmission of data.

5859: 5829: 2512: 1452:'s banner, receiving only 1,496 votes. When Morse visited Rome, he allegedly refused to take his hat off in the presence of the Pope. 3580: 3178: 2878:

Morse, Samuel (1863), "An Argument on the Ethical Position of Slavery in the Social System, and its Relation to the Politics of the Day",

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Leonard Gale, who helped Morse achieve the technological breakthrough of getting the telegraphic signal to travel long distances over wire

3998:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Morse (see index) 3626: 2106: 5884: 5097: 4943: 3612: 1873: 1656: 1118: 1951:

US Patent 1,647, Improvement in the mode of communicating information by signals by the application of electro-magnetism, June 20, 1840

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of Turkey (c.1847), a "golden snuff box containing the Prussian gold medal for scientific merit" from the King of Prussia (1851); the

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in Ridgefield, New Jersey, takes its name from Morse, who had bought property there to build a home, but died before its completion.

314:(1761–1826), who was also a geographer, and his wife Elizabeth Ann Finley Breese (1766–1828). His father was a great preacher of the 4963: 3363: 1933: 1685: 481: 1491:

of Richmond, Va.? He also sojourns with us until his duties to foreign masters are performed, and then is rewarded by promotion." (

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and Catholic aid organizations were subsidizing Catholic immigration to the United States in order to gain control of the country.

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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States

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In England, Morse perfected his painting techniques under Allston's watchful eye; by the end of 1811, he gained admittance to the

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Early History of the Electro-Magnetic Telegraph, from Letters and Journals of Alfred Vail: Arranged by his Son, J. Cummings Vail

3321:, the Ottoman ruler was the first head of state to award a medal to Morse and it was issued after the demonstration in Istanbul. 1297:, had championed Morse's invention and secured early funding for it. His telegraph could transmit thirty characters per minute. 833:

describing the invention, which was published widely in the American press and provided broad awareness of the new technology.

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which toured the United States extensively throughout the 1820s, attracting audiences willing to pay the 25-cent admission fee.

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Morse's "repeater" circuit for telegraphy was the basis for the Supreme Court's holding some claims of Morse's patent valid.

666: 1593:. In summary, the solution, as the Supreme Court stated, was the repeater apparatus described in the preceding paragraphs. 462: 5789: 5353: 4879: 3331: 2319: 1793: 1242: 670: 567:

As the war raged on, Morse's letters to his parents became more anti-Federalist in tone. In one such letter, Morse wrote:

415: 31: 5164: 3457: 3314: 434: 5869: 5154: 4915: 4812: 4355: 4122: 3170: 3150: 2669: 1869: 1640: 1512: 602: 518:. Allston arranged—with Morse's father—a three-year stay for painting study in England. The two men set sail aboard the 3604: 3199: 5144: 4651: 4091: 1724: 1542:

In the United States, Morse held his telegraph patent for many years, but it was both ignored and contested. In 1853,

1515:, considering it to be sanctioned by God. In his treatise "An Argument on the Ethical Position of Slavery," he wrote: 1343: 1267: 960: 1285:," from the Supreme Court chamber in the basement of the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, D.C., to the B&O's 998: 441: 5488: 5003: 4925: 4864: 4571: 3766: 1701: 1635:

Portrait of Samuel F. B. Morse taken by Mathew Brady, in 1866. Medals worn (from wearer's right to left, top row):

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In May 1845, the Magnetic Telegraph Company was formed in order to build telegraph lines from New York City toward

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for U.S. president was telegraphed from the party's convention in Baltimore to the Capitol Building in Washington.

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ed. P. Kragelund and M. Nykjær, Rome 1991 (Analecta Romana Instituti Danici, Supplementum 18.), pp. 169–191.

1849: 1664: 1324: 727: 5613: 5303: 5134: 4376: 4311: 4264: 4150: 3843: 1373: 1133: 3829:, (1943, reissued 1969); William Kloss, Samuel F. B. Morse (1988); Paul J. Staiti, Samuel F. B. Morse (1989) ( 2277: 448: 5693: 5433: 5308: 4973: 4958: 4802: 4753: 4676: 4576: 4254: 4140: 4135: 3684: 3680: 2571: 2080: 1877: 1773:

in Brooklyn. By the time of his death, his estate was valued at some $ 500,000 ($ 12.7 million today).

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In 1858, Morse introduced wired communication to Latin America when he established a telegraph system in

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I have been so constantly under the necessity of watching the movements of the most unprincipled set of

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in New York City. He served as the academy's president from 1826 to 1845 and again from 1861 to 1862.

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in 1849. The original patent went to the Breese side of the family after the death of Samuel Morse.

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was erected to commemorate him at 141 Cleveland Street, London, where he lived from 1812 to 1815.

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from the kingdom of Portugal (1860), and Italy conferred on him the insignia of chevalier of the

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The reverse of this annual university award for physics students, provided by Morse in his will

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Foreign Conspiracy Against the Liberties of the United States: The Numbers Under the Signature

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DOT-DASH TO DOT.COM: How Modern Telecommunications Evolved from the Telegraph to the Internet

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Morse received a patent for the telegraph in 1847, at the old Beylerbeyi Palace (the present

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failed to draw a crowd when exhibited in New York City in 1823. By contrast, John Trumbull's

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sculptures in marble or stone. He could not patent it, however, because of an existing 1820

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had won popular acclaim a few years earlier. Viewers may have felt that the architecture of

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in 1820. He embodied Jeffersonian democracy by favoring the common man over the aristocrat.

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overshadows the individuals, making it hard to appreciate the drama of what was happening.

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and had four children (Samuel b. 1849, Cornelia b. 1851, William b. 1853, Edward b. 1857).

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nothing of moral character in it, any more than the being a parent, or employer, or ruler.

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and anti-immigration movement of the mid-19th century. In 1836, he ran unsuccessfully for

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US Patent 4,453 (Reissue #118), Improvement in Electro-magnetic telegraphs, June 13, 1848

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US Patent 1,647 (Reissue #117), Improvement in electro-magnetic telegraphs, June 13, 1848

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Wiring A Continent, The History of the Telegraph Industry in the United States 1832–1866

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obituary published on April 3, 1872, Morse received respectively the decoration of the

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In addition to the telegraph, Morse invented a marble-cutting machine that could carve

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On May 24, 1844, the line was officially opened as Morse sent the now-famous words, "

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and absorbing its anatomical demands, the young artist produced his masterpiece, the

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Morse Code or Vail Code? Did Samuel F. B. Morse Invent the Code as We Know it Today?

357:, mathematics, and science. While at Yale, he attended lectures on electricity from 5698: 5683: 5653: 5623: 5583: 5563: 5538: 5413: 5333: 5313: 5268: 5253: 4846: 4686: 4561: 4526: 4461: 4360: 4350: 4202: 4005: 1908: 1792:, New York City. An engraved portrait of Morse appeared on the reverse side of the 1789: 1669: 1301: 1253: 1206: 1198: 1155: 934: 834: 805:'s famous paintings on a single canvas (6 ft. x 9 ft), which he entitled 704: 534: 362: 350: 124: 3838: 3562: 1423: 1384:

portrait from 1831 in Rome to the king. The Thorvaldsen portrait today belongs to

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Citizen Spectator: Art, Illusion, and Visual Perception in Early National America

3225: 2232: 2215: 669:—the college's president—and Judge Woodward (1817), who was involved in bringing 5688: 5593: 5513: 5273: 5228: 5046: 4696: 4606: 4591: 4551: 4511: 4370: 3712:

The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Museum: The Birthplace of American Railroading

2835: 2554: 2045:(listed below under "References"), Kenneth Silverman spells the name "Jedediah." 1966:

US Patent 3,316, Method of introducing wire into metallic pipes, October 5, 1843

1811: 1740: 1399: 1328: 1214: 956: 585: 561: 530: 397: 4047: 2315: 2072: 1262:

experimental 38-mile (61 km) telegraph line between Washington, D.C., and

5648: 5438: 5318: 5218: 5051: 4758: 4456: 4365: 4321: 4291: 4269: 4259: 4234: 3463: 3311: 2402: 2084: 1659:(Italy). Bottom row: Grand cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (Spain) 1357:

was built in 1861–1865 on the same location) in Istanbul, which was issued by

1332: 1275: 1145: 1126: 1085: 904: 658: 638: 280: 159: 2665: 2251: 1769:

He died of meningitis in New York City on April 2, 1872, and was interred at

5498: 5036: 4501: 4316: 1975: 1960: 1263: 315: 2803:"America | The National Catholic Weekly – Return of the Know-Nothings" 1980: 1971:

US Patent 4,453, Improvement in Electro-magnetic telegraphs, April 11, 1846

1970: 1965: 1950: 1372:, where the sculptor's grave is in the inner courtyard. He was received by 556:

seemed to represent a political statement against the British and also the

4013:

given at the National Academy of Design, 1840, regarding the daguerreotype

4001: 2880:

New York, Papers from the Society for the Diffusion of Political Knowledge

2389:

Audretsch; et al. (2002). "The Economics of Science and Technology".

1631: 50: 5398: 5031: 5021: 4938: 4763: 4586: 4070: 3581:"Letter to the New-York Observer Vol. 17, No. 16 (April 20, 1839) p. 62." 2128:

Morse, Edward; Morse, Samuel (1912). "Letters of Samuel Morse 1812. I.".

1673: 869: 626:, with his hand spread above the parties and he is pronouncing judgment. 369:. He supported himself by painting. In 1810, he graduated from Yale with 4077: 4074:: Professors Tyndall, Wheatstone, and Morse. (1887, Whittaker & Co.) 2854: 2242: 2141: 1784:

Morse was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1815.

1270:. An impressive demonstration occurred on May 1, 1844, when news of the 1217:, an enthusiastic young man with excellent skills, insights, and money. 5026: 5011: 2755: 2731: 2716: 2692: 2281: 1677: 827:—the first practical means of photography. Morse wrote a letter to the 538: 422: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 323: 2693:"Anti-Catholic Propaganda and the Home Missionary Movement, 1800-1860" 1864:

from the King of Denmark (1856); the Cross of Knight Commander of the

1483:

from all other sects, from all other forms of religion in the country.

1335:, which was based on earlier codes for the electromagnetic telegraph. 514:. Allston wanted Morse to accompany him to England to meet the artist 5056: 5016: 4338: 4130: 4083: 3809: 1479: 1305: 802: 631: 2911:— an online report about Yale honorees and their relation to slavery 2747: 2708: 680: 1050:

Subject: lived 1775–1845; husband of Betsey Wood Lester (m. 1816).

841:, initially studied under Morse and later took photographs of him. 5041: 4978: 4286: 3742:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

1890:

On April 1, 2012, Google announced the release of "Gmail Tap", an

1750: 1734: 1630: 1422: 1348:

Morse with his recorder. Photograph taken by Mathew Brady in 1857.

1342: 1252: 1230: 1210: 1188: 1084: 736: 679: 623: 596: 579: 493: 376:

Morse married Lucretia Pickering Walker on September 29, 1818, in

290: 4080:

at the Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library

2864:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

1499:, Archbishop of Baltimore, Kelly was offered the recently vacant 4983: 2318:. National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. 1981:

US Patent 6,420, Improvement in electric telegraphs, May 1, 1849

1289:

in Baltimore. Annie Ellsworth chose these words from the Bible (

283:

in 1837 and helped to develop the commercial use of telegraphy.

5179: 4087: 4037: 3931:

The Telegraph in America: Its Founders, Promoters and Noted Men

2216:"Photography and Communication Media in the Nineteenth Century" 1320:

in the next few years, with 12,000 miles of wire laid by 1850.

1093:

While returning by ship from Europe in 1832, Morse encountered

844:

Some of Morse's paintings and sculptures are on display at his

506:

Morse expressed some of his Calvinist beliefs in his painting,

4229: 3478:

Jackson, Kenneth T.; Keller, Lisa; Flood, Nancy, eds. (2010),

816:. This was the first such professorship in the United States. 391: 2779:

Foreign conspiracy against the liberties of the United States

2640:"150th. Anniversary of the Foundation of Arroyo, Puerto Rico" 2375: 2373: 1472:

Foreign Conspiracy Against the Liberties of the United States

1429:

Foreign Conspiracy Against the Liberties of the United States

3858:

Mythic Proportion: Bertel Thorvaldsen's Influence in America

3462:, National Inventors Hall of Fame Foundation, archived from 2889:, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript library, Yale University 1571:

The Supreme Court did not accept all of Morse's claims. The

809:

He completed the work upon his return to the United States.

2071: 1064:(c. 1820), oil on canvas (attributed to Samuel F. B. Morse) 1040:(c. 1820), oil on canvas (attributed to Samuel F. B. Morse) 549:. (He first made a sculpture as a study for the painting.) 5810:

Commanders by Number of the Order of Isabella the Catholic

3606:

Samuel F. B. Morse, His Letters and Journals (Part 5 of 9)

3256:"American Currency Exhibit: Silver Certificate, $ 2, 1896" 2434: 2432: 1380:

for the telegraph. Morse expressed his wish to donate his

661:(1816). The Federalists and Anti-Federalists clashed over 4027:

Department of Special Collections and University Archives

3405:

Biography of Samuel F.B. Morse, Inventor of the Telegraph

801:. As a project, he painted miniature copies of 38 of the 3332:"Milestones:Demonstration of Practical Telegraphy, 1838" 1331:

also played an important role in the development of the

1209:). With Gale's help, Morse introduced extra circuits or 4025:(call number JL016; 42.5 linear ft.) are housed in the 3833:, 1944) (Pulitzer Prize winner for biography for 1944). 1552:

where, after very lengthy investigation, Chief Justice

1511:

In the 1850s, Morse became well known as a defender of

641:. Although Marpessa fell victim, she realized that her 334:, who had emigrated to America in 1635, and settled in 279:

based on European telegraphs. He was a co-developer of

4042: 4019:

by Morse regarding the early days of the daguerreotype

3804:

Lightning Man: The Accursed Life of Samuel F. B. Morse

3658:

Lightning Man: The Accursed Life of Samuel F. B. Morse

1456:

which muddy waters from without threaten to sink us."

589:, New York politician, by Morse. Oil on canvas, 1828, 3448:

The Information: a History, a Theory, a Flood, London

2981:

Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Labs., Inc.

2099:"The Heartbreak That May Have Inspired the Telegraph" 1519:

My creed on the subject of slavery is short. Slavery

1395:) kept the needle telegraph of Cooke and Wheatstone. 5895:

Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty

5820:

Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

3879:

Samuel Finley Breese Morse, his Letters and Journals

3484:(2nd ed.), Yale University Press, p. 855, 2616:

NY/ Rafael Merino Cortes, "Taking the PE Out of PRT"

1109:. He set aside the painting he had been working on, 722:(1825) engaged his sense of democratic nationalism. 5065: 5002: 4924: 4888: 4845: 4786: 4720: 4429: 4121: 3827:

The American Leonardo: A Life of Samuel F. B. Morse

3787: 3388:, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2977:

Alice Corporation Pty. Ltd v CLS Bank International

2553:The portrait of Thorvaldsen became the property of 1556:ruled that Morse had been the first to combine the 1113:. The original Morse telegraph, submitted with his 256: 245: 226: 218: 165: 155: 138: 112: 101: 82: 60: 41: 5840:Knights of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus 3714:, Baltimore, Maryland: Traub Company, p. 11, 2175: 1832:(English: Order of Glory) , set in diamonds, from 1368:In 1856, Morse went to Copenhagen and visited the 819:On a subsequent visit to Paris in 1839, Morse met 1907:Statue of Samuel F. B. Morse by Byron M. Picket, 1807:'s website in their "American Currency Exhibit": 692:Morse also sought commissions among the elite of 688:, Charleston, South Carolina, for a short period. 529:. At the academy, he was moved by the art of the 295:Birthplace of Morse, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 5850:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 3370:. Mail.google.com. Retrieved on October 6, 2013. 3098: 3066:"History of Ridgefield – Ridgefield, New Jersey" 1876:in 1864. Morse's telegraph was recognized as an 1101:. Witnessing various experiments with Jackson's 3964:Wolfe, Richard J. / Patterson, Richard (2007). 3422:Samuel Morse and the Invention of the Telegraph 1803:. An example can be seen on the website of the 1517: 1167: 886:Captain Demaresque of Gloucester, Massachusetts 618:another significant work completed in England. 5855:Recipients of the Order of the Tower and Sword 1817:In 1848, Morse was elected as a member to the 5845:Members of the American Philosophical Society 5191: 4099: 3862:Thorvaldsen: l'ambiente, l'influsso, il mito, 1760:inventions, he was able to live comfortably. 1545:The Telegraph Patent case – O'Reilly v. Morse 1293:23:23); her father, U.S. Patent Commissioner 726:was designed to capitalize on the success of 8: 5900:People of the American Industrial Revolution 3995:Art and the empire city: New York, 1825–1861 3978:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3939:The Story of Concord Told by Concord Writers 3761:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 3312:Turkish PTT e-telegraph page history section 5825:Members of the American Antiquarian Society 5114:Global telecommunications regulation bodies 4023:Samuel Finley Brown Morse Papers, 1911–1969 3968:. Novato, California: Historyofscience.com. 2991:, 409 U.S. 63 (1972) – all building on the 2843:The American Catholic Historical Researches 1799:series of 1896. He was depicted along with 1712:test a 2,000-mile-length of spooled cable. 1318:rapidly spread throughout the United States 977:, drawn to illustrate his palette of colors 5890:Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees 5198: 5184: 5176: 5150: 4106: 4092: 4084: 3677:History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 1459:He wrote numerous letters to the New York 1097:of Boston, a man who was well schooled in 1013: 703:Morse was commissioned to paint President 49: 38: 3587:, The Daguerreian Society, archived from 3546:(September 2011), "Reversal of Fortune", 2600: 2536: 2511:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 2241: 2231: 1323:Morse at one time adopted Wheatstone and 1071:Subject: Betsey Wood Lester (1787–1837). 533:and paid close attention to the works of 482:Learn how and when to remove this message 27:American inventor and painter (1791–1872) 3052: 3004: 2987:, 561 U.S. 593, 130 S. Ct. 3218 (2010); 2920: 2697:The Mississippi Valley Historical Review 2488:"Istanbul City Guide: Beylerbeyi Palace" 2474: 2423: 2364: 2302: 622:is shown in a cloud, accompanied by his 3526:The Greater Journey: Americans in Paris 3204:Department of Physics Prizes and Awards 3179:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 2983:, 566 U.S. __, 132 S. Ct. 1289 (2012); 2979:, 573 U.S. __, 134 S. Ct. 2347 (2014); 2902:from the original on September 21, 2019 2506:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter M" 2154: 2034: 2014: 1897: 1739:New York University Samuel F. B. Morse 1599: 854: 823:. He became interested in the latter's 187: 1818; died 1825) 3971: 3911: 3900: 3784: 3764: 3456:Invent Now staff (February 19, 2007), 3040: 3028: 3016: 2995:case as the seminal case in the field. 2836:"Bishop Patrick Kelly of Richmond, Va" 2611: 2609: 2551:, pp. 347–348 + 370–374, Letter. 2462: 2450: 2438: 2340: 1846:Great Golden Medal of Science and Arts 937:, 5th President of the United States ( 775:, the leading French supporter of the 5835:Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog 3622:U.S. Patent No. 1647, Telegraph Signs 3619:Morse, Samuel F. B. (June 20, 1840), 3177:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 2672:from the original on October 12, 2011 2646:from the original on December 8, 2011 2548: 2518:from the original on November 9, 2013 2352: 2322:from the original on January 22, 2009 2264: 2054: 1883:In 1975, Morse was inducted into the 1838:Great Gold Medal of Arts and Sciences 1805:Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco 1363:American Academy of Arts and Sciences 7: 5160: 3893:. New York: Henry Holt and Company: 3802:interview with Kenneth Silverman on 3603:Morse, Samuel F. B. (May 2, 2013) , 3579:Morse, Samuel (December 26, 2006) , 3459:Inventor profile: Samuel F. B. Morse 3114:. Green-wood Cemetery. April 3, 1872 3112:"Green-wood Cemetery burial records" 1852:(1855); a cross of Chevalier in the 1257:Plaque at the first telegraph office 1117:, is part of the collections of the 420:adding citations to reliable sources 4048:Works by Samuel Finley Breese Morse 3705:, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson 3262:from the original on April 30, 2009 3076:from the original on August 6, 2020 2582:from the original on August 6, 2020 2214:Natale, Simone (November 1, 2012). 1874:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus 1657:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus 1119:National Museum of American History 1105:, Morse developed the concept of a 743:The Chapel of the Virgin at Subiaco 365:and was a member of the Society of 5780:American people of English descent 3342:from the original on March 6, 2012 3236:from the original on June 24, 2016 2815:from the original on June 26, 2007 2736:The International Migration Digest 2391:The Journal of Technology Transfer 2003:Telegraph in United States history 1431:by Samuel F.B. Morse, 1835 edition 25: 5775:American Civil War industrialists 4078:Samuel Finley Breese Morse papers 3949:Princeton University Press, 1947. 3937:Swayne, Josephine Latham (1906). 3481:The Encyclopedia of New York City 3292:from the original on June 3, 2021 2801:Terry Golway (February 9, 2007). 1686:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 541:. After observing and practicing 326:traditions (strict observance of 5207:Hall of Fame for Great Americans 5159: 5149: 5140: 5139: 5128: 4749:Free-space optical communication 3793: 3735: 3613:Bibliothèque nationale de France 2859: 2834:Magennis, Michael I. J. (1910). 2278:"The Collection at Locust Grove" 2105:. April 26, 2016. Archived from 1932: 1916: 1900: 1856:from the Emperor of France; the 1614: 1602: 1538:Litigation over telegraph patent 997: 982: 967: 949: 926: 911: 896: 878: 860: 498:Self-portrait of Morse in 1812 ( 396: 322:. He thought it helped preserve 310:, the first child of the pastor 262: 5805:Knights of the Legion of Honour 5785:19th-century American inventors 5755:People from Charlestown, Boston 3941:. Boston: E.F. Worcester Press. 3877:E. L. Morse (editor), his son, 1885:National Inventors Hall of Fame 1089:Original Samuel Morse telegraph 890:Princeton University Art Museum 771:Morse was honored to paint the 407:needs additional citations for 306:Samuel F. B. Morse was born in 205: 184: 5880:Critics of the Catholic Church 5800:American expatriates in France 5795:Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery 5760:19th-century American painters 4057:Works by or about Samuel Morse 3926:(Springer, 2011) pp. 3–29 3440:, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons 3438:Cyrus Field: Man of Two Worlds 2956:, 56 U.S. 62, 113, 120 (1853). 2895:Yale, Slavery, & Abolition 1866:Order of Isabella the Catholic 1819:American Philosophical Society 1649:Order of Isabella the Catholic 1266:along the right-of-way of the 750:The artist chose to paint the 1: 5875:American conspiracy theorists 5815:American proslavery activists 4038:Stanford University Libraries 2379:McCullough (2011), pp. 80-88. 2166:McCullough (2011), pp. 61–62. 1794:United States two-dollar bill 1376:, who decorated him with the 1243:Francis Ormand Jonathan Smith 1205:(he was a personal friend of 938: 790:In 1826, he helped found the 718:(1821) and a portrait of the 684:Morse maintained a studio at 665:. Morse painted portraits of 296: 32:Samuel Morse (disambiguation) 5135:Telecommunication portal 4916:Telecommunications equipment 4043:Locust Grove (official site) 3710:Wilson, Courtney B. (2003), 3378:General and cited references 3230:American Antiquarian Society 3171:American Antiquarian Society 3151:American Antiquarian Society 3124:April 3, 1872 burial records 2316:"Morse's Original Telegraph" 2233:10.1080/03087298.2012.680306 1939:Coat of Arms of Samuel Morse 1870:Order of the Tower and Sword 1641:Order of the Tower and Sword 1501:See of Waterford and Lismore 766:The House of Representatives 758:The House of Representatives 732:The Capuchin Chapel in Rome, 724:The House of Representatives 716:The House of Representatives 603:The House of Representatives 277:single-wire telegraph system 5860:New York University faculty 5830:Creators of writing systems 4652:Alexander Stepanovich Popov 3933:New York: Arno Press, 1974. 3881:(two volumes, Boston, 1914) 3753:Morse, Samuel Finley Breese 3436:Carter, Samuel III (1968), 3336:IEEE Global History Network 3317:September 11, 2009, at the 2732:"Assimilation and Nativism" 2691:Billington, Ray A. (1935). 1268:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 961:Yale University Art Gallery 873:, Morse's early masterpiece 762:Declaration of Independence 318:faith and supporter of the 238:Elizabeth Ann Finley Breese 5916: 5885:American portrait painters 5489:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 4356:Telecommunications history 3959:. New York: Hine Brothers. 3953:Vail, J. Cummings (1914). 3889:Leading American Inventors 3771:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 3366:September 8, 2012, at the 3200:"Samuel F. B. Morse Medal" 2730:Curran, Thomas J. (1966). 2626:September 3, 2009, at the 2195:. U.S. Department of State 1925:US Famous Americans Series 1702:Atlantic Telegraph Company 1696:Morse lent his support to 1440:Morse was a leader in the 1201:, who taught chemistry at 1056: 1032: 807:The Gallery of the Louvre. 792:National Academy of Design 694:Charleston, South Carolina 349:, Samuel Morse went on to 308:Charlestown, Massachusetts 273:Samuel Finley Breese Morse 29: 18:Samuel Finley Breese Morse 5765:19th-century male artists 5429:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. 5424:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. 5214: 5123: 4964:Public Switched Telephone 4776:telecommunication circuit 4737:Fiber-optic communication 4482:Francis Blake (telephone) 4277:Optical telecommunication 4071:The Lives of Electricians 3822:(1791–1872), Congo, 1988. 3792: 2130:The North American Review 2083:. p. 45 – via 1923:Morse was honored on the 1448:under the anti-immigrant 1325:Carl August von Steinheil 1111:The Gallery of the Louvre 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 919:The Gallery of the Louvre 500:National Portrait Gallery 261: 174:Lucretia Pickering Walker 48: 5614:William Tecumseh Sherman 5304:George Washington Carver 4875:Orbital angular-momentum 4312:Satellite communications 4151:Communications satellite 3945:Robert Luther Thompson, 3844:Harvard University Press 3675:Stover, John F. (1987), 3529:, Simon & Schuster, 3498:Mabee, Carleton (2004), 2666:"Welcome to Puerto Rico" 2103:National Geographic News 1647:(Denmark); cross of the 752:House of Representatives 195:Sarah Elizabeth Griswold 5865:Phillips Academy alumni 5694:John Greenleaf Whittier 5309:William Ellery Channing 4754:Molecular communication 4577:Gardiner Greene Hubbard 4406:Undersea telegraph line 4141:Cable protection system 3758:Encyclopædia Britannica 3685:Purdue University Press 3681:West Lafayette, Indiana 3384:Bellion, Wendy (2011), 2403:10.1023/A:1014382532639 2081:Religious Tract Society 2074:Heroes of the Telegraph 1909:New York's Central Park 1386:Margrethe II of Denmark 1295:Henry Leavitt Ellsworth 1123:Smithsonian Institution 608:National Gallery of Art 606:. Oil on canvas, 1822, 508:Landing of the Pilgrims 5770:American male painters 5679:James McNeill Whistler 5609:Augustus Saint-Gaudens 5524:Matthew Fontaine Maury 4896:Communication protocol 4682:Charles Sumner Tainter 4497:Walter Houser Brattain 4442:Edwin Howard Armstrong 4250:Information revolution 3910:Cite journal requires 3872:Life of S. F. B. Morse 3703:The Victorian Internet 3701:Standage, Tom (1998), 3567:, The Telegraph Office 3419:Bellis, Mary (2009a), 2887:Slavery Pamphlets # 60 2220:History of Photography 2176:JacksonKellerFlood2010 1862:Order of the Dannebrog 1830:Atiq Nishan-i-Iftikhar 1756: 1748: 1706:Charles Tilston Bright 1660: 1645:Order of the Dannebrog 1530: 1485: 1432: 1416: 1378:Order of the Dannebrog 1350: 1258: 1226:Morristown, New Jersey 1194: 1182: 1095:Charles Thomas Jackson 1090: 850:Poughkeepsie, New York 747: 728:François Marius Granet 714:. His commissions for 689: 634:stares with surprise. 611: 594: 578: 503: 378:Concord, New Hampshire 347:Andover, Massachusetts 336:Newbury, Massachusetts 332:Marlborough, Wiltshire 303: 5629:Harriet Beecher Stowe 5599:Franklin D. Roosevelt 5329:James Fenimore Cooper 5289:William Cullen Bryant 5264:Alexander Graham Bell 4870:Polarization-division 4602:Narinder Singh Kapany 4567:Erna Schneider Hoover 4487:Jagadish Chandra Bose 4467:Alexander Graham Bell 4198:online video platform 4032:June 4, 2008, at the 3885:Iles, George (1912). 3609:, FullTextArchive.com 3561:McEwen, Neal (1997), 3402:Bellis, Mary (2009), 3361:Introducing Gmail Tap 3206:. New York University 3099:Invent Now staff 2007 1927:postal issue of 1940. 1754: 1738: 1634: 1476: 1426: 1412: 1346: 1316:. Telegraphic lines 1283:What hath God wrought 1256: 1192: 1160:Great Western Railway 1107:single-wire telegraph 1088: 1004:Portrait of Lafayette 799:James Fenimore Cooper 740: 683: 600: 583: 569: 497: 294: 130:Royal Academy of Arts 77:, Massachusetts, U.S. 5790:Painters from Boston 5659:Booker T. Washington 5569:Alice Freeman Palmer 5549:William T. G. Morton 5494:James Russell Lowell 4712:Vladimir K. Zworykin 4672:Almon Brown Strowger 4642:Charles Grafton Page 4297:Prepaid mobile phone 4225:Electrical telegraph 3836:Samuel F. B. Morse, 3818:Reinhardt, Joachim, 3591:on November 15, 2008 3508:on December 12, 2006 3286:search.amphilsoc.org 3282:"APS Member History" 3070:www.ridgefieldnj.gov 2989:Gottschalk v. Benson 2668:. Topuertorico.org. 2559:John Taylor Johnston 2494:on October 10, 2007. 1731:Last years and death 991:Marquis de Lafayette 773:Marquis de Lafayette 720:Marquis de Lafayette 616:Judgment of Jupiter, 558:American Federalists 416:improve this article 355:religious philosophy 250:Sidney Edwards Morse 30:For other uses, see 5870:Yale College alumni 5674:George Westinghouse 5644:Henry David Thoreau 5554:John Lothrop Motley 5529:Albert A. Michelson 5409:Nathaniel Hawthorne 5359:Ralph Waldo Emerson 5344:James Buchanan Eads 4662:Johann Philipp Reis 4421:Wireless revolution 4383:The Telephone Cases 4240:Hydraulic telegraph 3806:, February 22, 2004 3629:on December 5, 2021 3466:on October 27, 2013 3445:Gleick, J. (2011), 2923:, pp. 172–173. 2576:Thorvaldsens Museum 2284:on December 6, 2010 2189:"Samuel F.B. Morse" 2157:, pp. 289–291. 1842:King of Württemberg 1771:Green-Wood Cemetery 1692:Transatlantic cable 1665:American ambassador 1627:Foreign recognition 1621:Effect of repeaters 1465:Austrian government 1370:Thorvaldsens Museum 1287:Mount Clare Station 1222:Speedwell Ironworks 1203:New York University 1140:had learned of the 1010:Attributed artworks 814:New York University 777:American Revolution 710:Morse had moved to 648:Judgment of Jupiter 106:Green-Wood Cemetery 75:Charlestown, Boston 5604:Theodore Roosevelt 5544:Samuel F. B. Morse 5404:Alexander Hamilton 5349:Thomas Alva Edison 5259:Henry Ward Beecher 5244:John James Audubon 4860:Frequency-division 4837:Telephone exchange 4707:Charles Wheatstone 4637:Jun-ichi Nishizawa 4612:Innocenzo Manzetti 4547:Reginald Fessenden 4282:Optical telegraphy 4115:Telecommunications 3856:Lauretta Dimmick, 3851:Samuel F. B. Morse 3820:Samuel F. B. Morse 3687:, pp. 59–60, 3661:, Hachette Books, 3653:Silverman, Kenneth 3645:The New York Times 3501:Samuel F. B. Morse 2975:See, for example, 1850:Emperor of Austria 1826:The New York Times 1797:silver certificate 1757: 1749: 1676:, Russia, Sweden, 1661: 1550:U.S. Supreme Court 1503:in his homeland.) 1433: 1374:King Frederick VII 1351: 1259: 1236:Morse traveled to 1195: 1138:Charles Wheatstone 1115:patent application 1091: 959:, inventor, 1822. 748: 690: 675:U.S. Supreme Court 671:the Dartmouth case 612: 595: 522:on July 15, 1811. 512:Washington Allston 504: 304: 5732: 5731: 5664:George Washington 5619:John Philip Sousa 5454:Thomas J. Jackson 5444:Washington Irving 5389:William C. Gorgas 5374:Benjamin Franklin 5339:Charlotte Cushman 5224:John Quincy Adams 5173: 5172: 4911:Store and forward 4906:Data transmission 4820:Network switching 4771:Transmission line 4617:Guglielmo Marconi 4582:Internet pioneers 4447:Mohamed M. Atalla 4416:Whistled language 4052:Project Gutenberg 3853:(Cambridge 1989). 3825:Mabee, Carleton, 3815: 3814: 3767:cite encyclopedia 3721:978-1-932387-59-9 3694:978-0-911198-81-2 3668:978-0-306-81394-8 3544:McCullough, David 3536:978-1-4165-7176-6 3521:McCullough, David 3491:978-0-300-11465-2 3395:978-0-8078-3388-9 2954:O'Reilly v. Morse 2642:. Elboricua.com. 2622:, July 20, 2006 2620:NY Latino Journal 2441:, pp. 59–60. 2305:, pp. 28–29. 2009:Explanatory notes 1858:Cross of a Knight 1834:Sultan Abdülmecid 1824:According to his 1780:Honors and awards 1721:three-dimensional 1710:Edward Whitehouse 1590:O'Reilly v. Morse 1573:O'Reilly v. Morse 1446:mayor of New York 1359:Sultan Abdülmecid 1355:Beylerbeyi Palace 1274:'s nomination of 1078: 1077: 1062:Mrs. Latham Avery 830:New York Observer 785:George Washington 781:Benjamin Franklin 663:Dartmouth College 643:eternal salvation 492: 491: 484: 466: 367:Brothers in Unity 359:Benjamin Silliman 270: 269: 16:(Redirected from 5907: 5504:Edward MacDowell 5459:Thomas Jefferson 5394:Ulysses S. Grant 5354:Jonathan Edwards 5324:Grover Cleveland 5239:Susan B. Anthony 5200: 5193: 5186: 5177: 5163: 5162: 5153: 5152: 5143: 5142: 5133: 5132: 5131: 5004:Notable networks 4994:Wireless network 4934:Cellular network 4926:Types of network 4901:Computer network 4788:Network topology 4702:Thomas A. Watson 4557:Oliver Heaviside 4542:Philo Farnsworth 4517:Daniel Davis Jr. 4492:Charles Bourseul 4452:John Logie Baird 4161:Data compression 4156:Computer network 4108: 4101: 4094: 4085: 4061:Internet Archive 3983: 3977: 3969: 3960: 3942: 3919: 3913: 3908: 3906: 3898: 3874:(New York, 1875) 3849:Paul J. Staiti, 3797: 3796: 3785: 3776: 3770: 3762: 3741: 3739: 3738: 3724: 3706: 3697: 3671: 3648: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3625:, archived from 3610: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3585:The Daguerrotipe 3575: 3574: 3572: 3557: 3539: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3504:, archived from 3494: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3452: 3441: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3398: 3371: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3328: 3322: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3174: 3168: 3154: 3148: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3121: 3119: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3083: 3081: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2985:Bilski v. Kappos 2973: 2967: 2963: 2957: 2950: 2944: 2940: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2910: 2909: 2907: 2890: 2883: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2840: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2798: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2727: 2721: 2720: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2636: 2630: 2613: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2578:. July 3, 2016. 2568: 2562: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2517: 2510: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2490:. Archived from 2484: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2442: 2436: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2386: 2380: 2377: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2338: 2332: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2280:. Archived from 2274: 2268: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2245: 2235: 2211: 2205: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2193:Art in Embassies 2185: 2179: 2173: 2167: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2136:(679): 773–787. 2125: 2119: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2095: 2089: 2088: 2078: 2064: 2058: 2052: 2046: 2039: 2022: 2019: 1998:Seconds pendulum 1993:Daniel Davis Jr. 1936: 1920: 1911:, dedicated 1871 1904: 1892:April Fools' Day 1854:Légion d'honneur 1844:(1852); and the 1725:Thomas Blanchard 1698:Cyrus West Field 1663:Assisted by the 1653:Legion of Honour 1618: 1606: 1562:electromagnetism 1548:came before the 1497:Ambrose Maréchal 1238:Washington, D.C. 1180: 1099:electromagnetism 1014: 1001: 986: 971: 953: 943: 940: 930: 915: 900: 882: 864: 487: 480: 476: 473: 467: 465: 424: 400: 392: 343:Phillips Academy 341:After attending 320:Federalist Party 301: 298: 266: 209: 207: 188: 186: 120:Phillips Academy 89: 70: 68: 53: 39: 21: 5915: 5914: 5910: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5905: 5904: 5735: 5734: 5733: 5728: 5704:Frances Willard 5639:Sylvanus Thayer 5589:Edgar Allan Poe 5574:Francis Parkman 5484:Abraham Lincoln 5464:John Paul Jones 5384:Josiah W. Gibbs 5299:Andrew Carnegie 5284:Phillips Brooks 5249:George Bancroft 5210: 5204: 5174: 5169: 5129: 5127: 5119: 5061: 4998: 4920: 4884: 4841: 4790: 4782: 4723: 4716: 4622:Robert Metcalfe 4477:Tim Berners-Lee 4425: 4245:Information Age 4117: 4112: 4034:Wayback Machine 4011:Speech of Morse 3990: 3970: 3963: 3952: 3936: 3929:James D. Reid, 3909: 3899: 3884: 3868:Samuel I. Prime 3794: 3788:External videos 3783: 3781:Further reading 3763: 3751:, ed. (1911). " 3747: 3736: 3734: 3722: 3709: 3700: 3695: 3674: 3669: 3651: 3640: 3632: 3630: 3618: 3602: 3594: 3592: 3578: 3570: 3568: 3560: 3542: 3537: 3519: 3511: 3509: 3497: 3492: 3477: 3469: 3467: 3455: 3451:, Fourth Estate 3444: 3435: 3427: 3425: 3418: 3410: 3408: 3401: 3396: 3383: 3380: 3375: 3374: 3368:Wayback Machine 3359: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3319:Wayback Machine 3309: 3305: 3295: 3293: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3254: 3253: 3249: 3239: 3237: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3183: 3181: 3176: 3166: 3158:McCusker, J. J. 3156: 3146: 3138:McCusker, J. J. 3136: 3134: 3130: 3117: 3115: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3097: 3093: 3079: 3077: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3051: 3047: 3039: 3035: 3027: 3023: 3015: 3011: 3003: 2999: 2974: 2970: 2964: 2960: 2951: 2947: 2941: 2937: 2931: 2927: 2919: 2915: 2905: 2903: 2892: 2885: 2877: 2876: 2872: 2860: 2838: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2800: 2799: 2795: 2785: 2783: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2748:10.2307/3002916 2729: 2728: 2724: 2709:10.2307/1892624 2690: 2689: 2685: 2675: 2673: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2649: 2647: 2638: 2637: 2633: 2628:Wayback Machine 2614: 2607: 2599: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2547: 2543: 2535: 2531: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2508: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2473: 2469: 2461: 2457: 2449: 2445: 2437: 2430: 2422: 2418: 2388: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2371: 2363: 2359: 2351: 2347: 2339: 2335: 2325: 2323: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2301: 2297: 2287: 2285: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2263: 2259: 2213: 2212: 2208: 2198: 2196: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2161: 2153: 2149: 2127: 2126: 2122: 2112: 2110: 2109:on May 25, 2020 2097: 2096: 2092: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2053: 2049: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2016: 2011: 1989: 1947: 1940: 1937: 1928: 1921: 1912: 1905: 1782: 1733: 1694: 1637:Nichan Iftikhar 1629: 1622: 1619: 1610: 1607: 1540: 1535: 1509: 1474:, Morse wrote: 1438: 1421: 1419:Political views 1393:overseas empire 1349: 1341: 1251: 1249:Federal support 1187: 1181: 1178: 1125:. In time, the 1083: 1012: 1005: 1002: 993: 987: 978: 975:Chart of Colors 972: 963: 954: 945: 941: 931: 922: 916: 907: 901: 892: 883: 874: 865: 746: 591:Brooklyn Museum 488: 477: 471: 468: 425: 423: 413: 401: 390: 382:Utica, New York 299: 289: 241: 214: 211: 208: 1848) 203: 199: 196: 190: 182: 178: 175: 151: 134: 108:, New York City 97: 91: 87: 78: 72: 66: 64: 56: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5913: 5911: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5737: 5736: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5726: 5721: 5719:Orville Wright 5716: 5714:Woodrow Wilson 5711: 5709:Roger Williams 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5669:Daniel Webster 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5634:Gilbert Stuart 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5579:George Peabody 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5534:Maria Mitchell 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5449:Andrew Jackson 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5369:Stephen Foster 5366: 5364:David Farragut 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5294:Luther Burbank 5291: 5286: 5281: 5279:Louis Brandeis 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5205: 5203: 5202: 5195: 5188: 5180: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5167: 5157: 5147: 5137: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5117: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5089: 5088: 5083: 5075: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5062: 5060: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5008: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4930: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4855:Space-division 4851: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4839: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4827: 4817: 4816: 4815: 4805: 4800: 4794: 4792: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4768: 4767: 4766: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4745: 4744: 4734: 4728: 4726: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4692:Camille Tissot 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4667:Claude Shannon 4664: 4659: 4657:Tivadar Puskás 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4627:Antonio Meucci 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4597:Charles K. Kao 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4572:Harold Hopkins 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4472:Emile Berliner 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4411:Videotelephony 4408: 4403: 4402: 4401: 4396: 4386: 4379: 4374: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4326: 4325: 4324: 4314: 4309: 4307:Radiotelephone 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4273: 4272: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4193:Internet video 4185: 4184: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4127: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4113: 4111: 4110: 4103: 4096: 4088: 4082: 4081: 4075: 4063: 4054: 4045: 4040: 4020: 4014: 4008: 3999: 3989: 3988:External links 3986: 3985: 3984: 3961: 3950: 3943: 3934: 3927: 3922:Andrew Wheen, 3920: 3912:|journal= 3882: 3875: 3865: 3854: 3847: 3834: 3823: 3813: 3812: 3790: 3789: 3782: 3779: 3778: 3777: 3749:Chisholm, Hugh 3726: 3725: 3720: 3707: 3698: 3693: 3672: 3667: 3649: 3638: 3616: 3600: 3576: 3558: 3540: 3535: 3517: 3495: 3490: 3475: 3453: 3442: 3433: 3416: 3399: 3394: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3353: 3323: 3303: 3273: 3247: 3217: 3191: 3175:1800–present: 3128: 3103: 3091: 3057: 3055:, p. 189. 3045: 3043:, p. 149. 3033: 3031:, p. 123. 3021: 3019:, p. 104. 3009: 3007:, p. 174. 2997: 2968: 2958: 2945: 2935: 2925: 2913: 2870: 2849:(4): 347–349. 2826: 2793: 2769: 2722: 2703:(3): 361–384. 2683: 2657: 2631: 2605: 2601:NYT staff 1852 2593: 2572:"Samuel Morse" 2563: 2541: 2537:Silverman 2004 2529: 2497: 2479: 2467: 2465:, p. 144. 2455: 2443: 2428: 2416: 2381: 2369: 2357: 2345: 2333: 2307: 2295: 2269: 2257: 2226:(4): 451–456. 2206: 2180: 2168: 2159: 2147: 2120: 2090: 2059: 2047: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1941: 1938: 1931: 1929: 1922: 1915: 1913: 1906: 1899: 1878:IEEE Milestone 1781: 1778: 1732: 1729: 1693: 1690: 1682:Ottoman Empire 1628: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1601: 1554:Roger B. Taney 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1508: 1505: 1450:Nativist Party 1437: 1434: 1420: 1417: 1347: 1340: 1337: 1250: 1247: 1186: 1183: 1176: 1136:and Professor 1082: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1069: 1067: 1065: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1048: 1046: 1041: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1003: 996: 994: 988: 981: 979: 973: 966: 964: 955: 948: 946: 932: 925: 923: 917: 910: 908: 902: 895: 893: 884: 877: 875: 866: 859: 857: 856:Morse artworks 821:Louis Daguerre 741: 554:Dying Hercules 547:Dying Hercules 490: 489: 431:"Samuel Morse" 404: 402: 395: 389: 386: 371:Phi Beta Kappa 312:Jedidiah Morse 288: 285: 268: 267: 259: 258: 254: 253: 247: 243: 242: 240: 239: 236: 234:Jedidiah Morse 230: 228: 224: 223: 220: 216: 215: 213: 212: 201: 197: 194: 193: 191: 180: 176: 173: 172: 169: 167: 163: 162: 157: 156:Known for 153: 152: 150: 149: 146: 142: 140: 136: 135: 133: 132: 127: 122: 116: 114: 110: 109: 103: 99: 98: 92: 90:(aged 80) 84: 80: 79: 73: 71:April 27, 1791 62: 58: 57: 54: 46: 45: 42: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5912: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5725: 5724:Wilbur Wright 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5559:Simon Newcomb 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5519:John Marshall 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5509:James Madison 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5479:Robert E. Lee 5477: 5475: 5474:Sidney Lanier 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5419:Patrick Henry 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5379:Robert Fulton 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5234:Louis Agassiz 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5213: 5208: 5201: 5196: 5194: 5189: 5187: 5182: 5181: 5178: 5166: 5158: 5156: 5148: 5146: 5138: 5136: 5126: 5125: 5122: 5115: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5001: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4923: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4887: 4881: 4880:Code-division 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4865:Time-division 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4844: 4838: 4835: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4821: 4818: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4791:and switching 4789: 4785: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4772: 4769: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4743: 4742:optical fiber 4740: 4739: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4732:Coaxial cable 4730: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4719: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4647:Radia Perlman 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4537:Lee de Forest 4535: 4533: 4532:Thomas Edison 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4522:Donald Davies 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4507:Claude Chappe 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4428: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4351:Smoke signals 4349: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4331: 4330: 4329:Semiconductor 4327: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4189: 4188:Digital media 4186: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4109: 4104: 4102: 4097: 4095: 4090: 4089: 4086: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4028: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3991: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3932: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3890: 3883: 3880: 3876: 3873: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3848: 3845: 3841: 3840: 3835: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3821: 3817: 3816: 3811: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3791: 3786: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3760: 3759: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3744:public domain 3733: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3723: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3704: 3699: 3696: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3673: 3670: 3664: 3660: 3659: 3654: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3639: 3628: 3624: 3623: 3617: 3615:(BnF/Gallica) 3614: 3608: 3607: 3601: 3595:September 25, 3590: 3586: 3582: 3577: 3566: 3565: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3545: 3541: 3538: 3532: 3528: 3527: 3522: 3518: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3496: 3493: 3487: 3483: 3482: 3476: 3465: 3461: 3460: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3443: 3439: 3434: 3424: 3423: 3417: 3407: 3406: 3400: 3397: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3369: 3365: 3362: 3357: 3354: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3313: 3310:According to 3307: 3304: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3261: 3258:. Frbsf.org. 3257: 3251: 3248: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3226:"MemberListM" 3221: 3218: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3192: 3180: 3172: 3165: 3164: 3159: 3152: 3145: 3144: 3139: 3132: 3129: 3125: 3113: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3095: 3092: 3088: 3087:died in 1872. 3075: 3071: 3067: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3053:Standage 1998 3049: 3046: 3042: 3037: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3010: 3006: 3005:Standage 1998 3001: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2972: 2969: 2962: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2946: 2939: 2936: 2929: 2926: 2922: 2921:Standage 1998 2917: 2914: 2901: 2897: 2896: 2888: 2881: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2866:public domain 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2837: 2830: 2827: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2804: 2797: 2794: 2781: 2780: 2773: 2770: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2726: 2723: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2687: 2684: 2671: 2667: 2661: 2658: 2645: 2641: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2594: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2550: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2530: 2514: 2507: 2501: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2480: 2477:, p. 54. 2476: 2475:Standage 1998 2471: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2456: 2453:, p. 11. 2452: 2447: 2444: 2440: 2435: 2433: 2429: 2426:, p. 47. 2425: 2424:Standage 1998 2420: 2417: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2385: 2382: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2367:, p. 40. 2366: 2365:Standage 1998 2361: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2334: 2321: 2317: 2311: 2308: 2304: 2303:Standage 1998 2299: 2296: 2283: 2279: 2273: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2210: 2207: 2194: 2190: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2169: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2124: 2121: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2094: 2091: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2075: 2069: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2051: 2048: 2044: 2043:Lightning Man 2038: 2035: 2028: 2018: 2015: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1919: 1914: 1910: 1903: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1888: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1820: 1815: 1813: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1801:Robert Fulton 1798: 1795: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1753: 1746: 1745:Paul Wissaert 1742: 1737: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1670:French francs 1666: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1626: 1617: 1612: 1605: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1592: 1591: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1574: 1569: 1567: 1566:electromagnet 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1546: 1537: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1522: 1516: 1514: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1493:Patrick Kelly 1490: 1484: 1481: 1475: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1442:anti-Catholic 1436:Anti-Catholic 1435: 1430: 1425: 1418: 1415: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1345: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1255: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1191: 1184: 1175: 1172: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1142:Wilhelm Weber 1139: 1135: 1134:William Cooke 1130: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1103:electromagnet 1100: 1096: 1087: 1080: 1074: 1070: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1015: 1009: 1000: 995: 992: 985: 980: 976: 970: 965: 962: 958: 952: 947: 936: 929: 924: 920: 914: 909: 906: 899: 894: 891: 887: 881: 876: 872: 871: 863: 858: 855: 853: 851: 847: 842: 840: 836: 832: 831: 826: 825:daguerreotype 822: 817: 815: 810: 808: 804: 800: 795: 793: 788: 786: 783:, another of 782: 778: 774: 769: 767: 763: 759: 755: 753: 744: 739: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 708: 706: 701: 699: 698:Panic of 1819 695: 687: 682: 678: 676: 672: 668: 667:Francis Brown 664: 660: 655: 653: 649: 644: 640: 635: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 609: 605: 604: 599: 592: 588: 587: 582: 577: 575: 568: 565: 563: 559: 555: 552:To some, the 550: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 527:Royal Academy 523: 521: 517: 516:Benjamin West 513: 509: 501: 496: 486: 483: 475: 464: 461: 457: 454: 450: 447: 443: 440: 436: 433: – 432: 428: 427:Find sources: 421: 417: 411: 410: 405:This section 403: 399: 394: 393: 387: 385: 383: 379: 374: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 339: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 293: 287:Personal life 286: 284: 282: 278: 274: 265: 260: 255: 251: 248: 244: 237: 235: 232: 231: 229: 225: 221: 217: 192: 171: 170: 168: 164: 161: 158: 154: 147: 144: 143: 141: 137: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 117: 115: 111: 107: 104: 102:Resting place 100: 95: 94:New York City 86:April 2, 1872 85: 81: 76: 63: 59: 55:Morse in 1866 52: 47: 40: 37: 33: 19: 5699:Emma Willard 5684:Walt Whitman 5654:Lillian Wald 5624:Joseph Story 5584:William Penn 5564:Thomas Paine 5543: 5539:James Monroe 5434:Mark Hopkins 5414:Joseph Henry 5334:Peter Cooper 5314:Rufus Choate 5269:Daniel Boone 5254:Clara Barton 4847:Multiplexing 4722:Transmission 4687:Nikola Tesla 4677:Henry Sutton 4632:Samuel Morse 4631: 4562:Robert Hooke 4527:Amos Dolbear 4462:John Bardeen 4381: 4361:Telautograph 4265:Mobile phone 4220:Edholm's law 4203:social media 4136:Broadcasting 4069: 4066:Jeans, W. T. 4017:Reminiscence 4006:Find a Grave 4002:Samuel Morse 3994: 3965: 3955: 3946: 3938: 3930: 3923: 3903:cite journal 3888: 3878: 3871: 3861: 3857: 3850: 3837: 3826: 3803: 3799: 3756: 3728: 3727: 3711: 3702: 3676: 3657: 3643: 3631:, retrieved 3627:the original 3621: 3605: 3593:, retrieved 3589:the original 3584: 3569:, retrieved 3563: 3553: 3547: 3525: 3512:February 14, 3510:, retrieved 3506:the original 3500: 3480: 3468:, retrieved 3464:the original 3458: 3447: 3437: 3426:, retrieved 3421: 3409:, retrieved 3404: 3385: 3356: 3344:. Retrieved 3335: 3326: 3306: 3294:. Retrieved 3285: 3276: 3264:. Retrieved 3250: 3238:. Retrieved 3229: 3220: 3208:. Retrieved 3203: 3194: 3184:February 29, 3182:. Retrieved 3162: 3142: 3131: 3123: 3116:. Retrieved 3106: 3094: 3085: 3080:November 29, 3078:. Retrieved 3069: 3060: 3048: 3036: 3024: 3012: 3000: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2961: 2953: 2948: 2938: 2928: 2916: 2904:, retrieved 2894: 2886: 2879: 2873: 2846: 2842: 2829: 2817:. 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