1861:
1759:
1983:
350:
430:(SGOP) Locality has been interpreted to represent carcasses that were washed into the ocean by streams and rivers of the backshore, supported by the disarticulated and fragmentary nature of most remains found in the Cocuiza Member. However, the fauna discovered in this member suggests that an environment similar to that of the older Vergel Member (forested grassland mixed with wetlands or permanent freshwater habitats) was found further inland, providing the locality with its freshwater and terrestrial fossil remains.
1696:
130:
2107:
1318:
1428:
1212:
241:
1175:
2755:
1586:
2520:
2374:
1351:
211:
422:, a tree boa, clearly indicating the presence of forested areas. This is supported by the palynoflora, which shows the presence of plants associated with rainforests. However, the general size of seeds and fruits found in the Norte Casa Chiguaje locality is more in-line with open environments, ultimately suggesting an environment featuring both forested areas as well as more open grassland.
341:, an age between 0.709100 and 0.709342 Ma was determined for the Cocuiza Member. Some samples utilized suggested that they had been chemically altered, while two localities yielded an early Pleistocene age. The third member recognized by Stainforth is the Rio Seco Member, however it has not been dated by the 2021 study by Carrillo-Briceño and colleagues.
2814:
Carrillo-Briceño, Jorge D.; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Scheyer, Torsten M.; Carrillo, Juan D.; Delfino, Massimo; Georgalis, Georgios L.; Kerber, Leonardo; Ruiz-Ramoni, Damián; Birindelli, José L. O.; Cadena, A, Edwin-Alberto; Rincón, ldo F.; Chavez-Hoffmeister, Martin; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Carvalho, Mónica
429:
meanwhile represents a mostly marine environment following marine incurions in northern South
America. The presence of sharks, echinoderms, oyster colonies and marine gastropods suggests a coastal setting. Fossils of terrestrial and freshwater fauna discovered in the San Gregorio Oeste del Pueblo
273:
is split into three members, the older Vergel Member (Late
Pliocene to earliest Pleistocene), the Cocuiza Member (Pleistocene) and the Río Seco Member. During this time the region is thought to have been covered by a mixed environment of open grassland and forested areas surrounding a permanent
367:
in particular is commonly associated with flowing waters and sandy banks, although it can also be found in still waters. Overall the depositional environment may have been consisting of floodplains and braided rivers alongside a series of other environments. Swamps, ponds and flooded areas for
368:
instance are also possible and may have been home to armored catfish and swamp eels, whose modern members are known to inhabit oxygen-poor bodies of water. Aside from freshwater fish, some fossils also indicate the presence of animal's capable of tolerating a wider range of salt (such as
332:
and sparse conglomerates. In their study on the formation
Carrillo-Briceño and colleagues determined a late Pliocene to earliest Pleistocene age. Overlying the Vergel Member is the Cocuiza Member, a sequence of 80 meters composed of sandstone, mudstone and
274:
freshwater system. The diverse fauna of the San
Gregorio Formation, including a variety of freshwater fish, crocodilians, turtles and snakes, also includes many mammals interpreted to have been part of the first major wave of the
433:
The rainforest taxa recovered from the Vergel Member's flora are absent from the
Cocuiza Member, suggesting that drying climate during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition caused a great turnover in the flora of the northern
378:
with low tolerance for saltwater supports this, suggesting that the region also featured estuaries. Frogs, podocnemidid turtles and caimans are all indicative of freshwater environments of varying nature, while
397:. This highly diverse fauna indicates that the Vergel member heavily featured permanent bodies of freshwater, likely rivers, as well as other slower moving bodies of water such as swamps, marshes and/or ponds.
389:
meanwhile are generally associated with slow moving waters, marshes and swamps. Other animals found in the Vergel Member associated with bodies of water include freshwater molluscs and crabs, the
3093:
361:, showcasing a great abundance of catfish in particular, clearly shows that permanent rivers played a vital part in the environment of the Pliocene San Gregorio Formation. The stingray
2897:
Aguileraa, Orangel; Lopesb, Ricardo T.; Rodriguezc, Felix; dos
Santosb, Thaís M.; Rodrigues-Almeidaa, Caroline; Almeidaa, Paulo; Machadob, Alessandra S.; Moretti, Tailan (2020).
3078:
3073:
3014:"A new Dasypodini armadillo (Xenarthra: Cingulata) from San Gregorio Formation, Pliocene of Venezuela: affinities and biogeographic interpretations"
1860:
3098:
1982:
324:
divided the San
Gregorio Formation into three subsections. The oldest of these is the Vergel Member, composed of 260 meters of
2899:"Fossil sea catfish (Siluriformes; Ariidae) otoliths and in-skull otoliths from the Neogene of the Western Central Atlantic"
338:
1758:
3103:
3088:
3113:
3108:
2946:
Forasiepi, A.M.; Soibelzon, L.H.; Gomez, C.S.; Sánchez, R.; Quiroz, L.I.; Jaramillo, C.; Sánchez-Villagra, M.R. (2014).
321:
2815:
R.; Trejos-Tamayo, Raúl; Vallejo, Felipe; Jaramillo, Carlos; Jones, Douglas S.; Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R. (2021).
3083:
275:
349:
315:
232:
1948:
381:
303:
129:
2479:
1317:
299:
156:
3025:
2962:
2910:
2828:
2404:
870:
270:
2948:"Carnivorans at the Great American Biotic Interchange: new discoveries from the northern neotropics"
1695:
2106:
1427:
1235:
the elements are too fragmentary to safely refer to
Hypostominae that are present in the formation
984:
1211:
3049:
2994:
2928:
2579:
895:
648:
254:
2947:
1360:
1174:
416:. These animals would suggest a forested-grassland environment, with the presence of the genus
3041:
2986:
2856:
1783:
920:
240:
3033:
2978:
2970:
2918:
2846:
2836:
2754:
2630:
2554:
814:
2876:"PALAEODIVERSITY OF CARIBBEAN ECHINOIDS INCLUDING NEW MATERIAL FROM THE VENEZUELAN NEOGENE"
2603:
2435:
1742:
1268:
307:
3029:
2966:
2914:
2832:
1585:
400:
The terrestrial fauna features a variety of endemic South
American mammals ranging from
2851:
2816:
2529:
2519:
2383:
1965:
1575:
1085:
1035:
409:
3067:
3053:
2998:
2932:
2875:
2691:
2317:
2091:
1603:
1518:
1311:
1244:
1203:
617:
562:
405:
283:
81:
37:
24:
2373:
1350:
2737:
2502:
1649:
1596:
1539:
1490:
1407:
1382:
1221:
1184:
401:
375:
363:
2874:
Mihaljeviü, M.; Klug, C.; Aguilera, O.; Lüthi, T.; Sánchez-Villagra, M.R. (2010).
2923:
2898:
3013:
2709:
2420:
2226:
2201:
1895:
1840:
1671:
1560:
1329:
749:
509:
287:
279:
262:
56:
2841:
3037:
2974:
2650:
2336:
2332:
2246:
2130:
2116:
2054:
2033:
1941:
1816:
1057:
961:
729:
599:
580:
495:
435:
413:
101:
66:
2764:
2670:
2349:
2291:
1992:
1506:
1438:
1289:
1126:
1106:
1073:
863:
767:
386:
334:
325:
266:
216:
193:
179:
106:
50:
32:
3045:
2990:
2860:
374:), possibly indicating a proximity to marine environments. The presence of
3012:
Castro, M.C.; Carlini, A.A.; Sánchez, R.; Sánchez-Villagra, M.R. (2014).
2455:
2426:
2267:
2161:
2143:
2012:
1916:
1687:
1196:
710:
658:
418:
394:
329:
258:
183:
96:
91:
76:
71:
61:
41:
28:
2982:
2718:
2541:
2073:
1796:
1735:
1464:
1155:
888:
635:
502:
390:
370:
311:
111:
86:
1148:, other fossils may represent a third genus was present in the region
2083:
1871:
1792:
1768:
938:
913:
468:
2175:
1710:
1625:
1011:
838:
790:
686:
538:
2753:
2518:
2372:
1859:
1694:
1584:
1426:
1349:
1316:
1210:
1173:
473:
348:
2044:
fragmentary skulls, shell and assorted other postcranial remains
1532:
possibly one or several species of the "pacu" or "Myleus clade"
1307:
393:
which requires humid soil and prehistoric relatives of the
2817:"A Pliocene–Pleistocene continental biota from Venezuela"
1550:
eroded and isolated elements of the skull and postcrania
385:
could have easily inhabited areas closer to the coast.
1207:, but are too fragmentary to be referred to the genus
1754:
the extant
American Pipe Snake or False Coral Snake
228:
223:
204:
199:
189:
175:
170:
162:
152:
144:
136:
18:
3094:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of South America
2621:a nearly complete skull and an isolated tooth
1232:parts of the pectoral spine and armor plates
8:
1660:isolated cranial and postcranial elements
1096:fin spine fragments and bony armor plates
306:. Outcrops of this formation are found in
302:and forms the most recent sequence of the
239:
128:
15:
2922:
2850:
2840:
314:. The formation is named for the town of
2903:Journal of South American Earth Sciences
2105:
1981:
1757:
353:Paleofauna of the San Gregorio Formation
298:The San Gregorio Formation overlies the
2791:
1511:the first recorded fossil of the genus
1099:one or more species of armored catfish
1078:the first recorded fossil of the genus
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
1137:fin spines, scutes and skull remains
278:in addition to native clades such as
7:
2133:, teeth, osteoderms and other bones
1686:sacral vertebrae fused to a partial
1453:teeth of the premaxilla and dentary
2237:isolated teeth and tooth fragments
525:Uncertain or tentative taxa are in
1259:two symphyseal premaxillary teeth
1140:while some elements may represent
14:
1421:isolated teeth and caudal spines
485:Taxon falsely reported as present
3079:Pliocene Series of South America
3074:Geologic formations of Venezuela
1830:cranial and postcranial remains
445:suggests a fluvial environment.
209:
490:Dubious taxon or junior synonym
2821:Swiss Journal of Palaeontology
1344:incomplete pectoral fin-spine
1:
2748:teeth and a partial mandible
1201:some specimen are similar to
140:Urumaco stratigraphic section
2924:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102619
2469:various postcranial remains
2003:fragmentary trunk vertebrae
1976:various postcranial remains
1933:a moderately large tree boa
148:Vergel Member Cocuiza Member
2775:incomplete caudal vertebra
2425:an extinct relative of the
1906:fragmentary trunk vertebra
1888:A type of Mata mata turtle
1279:a single isolated vertebra
1046:abundant isolated material
452:
322:Robert Masterman Stainforth
310:, northeast of the town of
166:~570 m (1,870 ft)
3130:
2880:Palaeontologia Electronica
2842:10.1186/s13358-020-00216-6
1930:incomplete trunk vertebra
1807:incomplete trunk vertebra
1751:incomplete trunk vertebra
1479:a fragmented dorsal spine
276:Great American Interchange
3099:Paleontology in Venezuela
3038:10.1007/s00114-013-1131-5
2975:10.1007/s00114-014-1237-4
1578:with teeth and vertebrae
1195:fin spines fragments and
459:
455:
238:
127:
23:
2446:an isolated tooth crown
457:
1854:incomplete right femur
441:The composition of the
316:San Gregorio, Venezuela
255:lithostratigraphic unit
233:San Gregorio, Venezuela
2758:
2586:Pliodasypus vergelianu
2523:
2377:
2259:currently undescribed
2110:
1986:
1864:
1762:
1699:
1589:
1431:
1354:
1321:
1215:
1178:
533:taxa are discredited.
382:Crocodylus falconensis
357:The fish fauna of the
354:
251:San Gregorio Formation
19:San Gregorio Formation
2757:
2705:partial hemimandible
2522:
2412:Hydrochoeropsis wayuu
2376:
2109:
1985:
1863:
1782:similar to the genus
1761:
1698:
1588:
1581:a genus of swamp eel
1430:
1353:
1320:
1214:
1177:
352:
304:stratigraphic section
3104:Sandstone formations
3089:Quaternary Venezuela
2681:a fragmentary femur
2026:non-snake squamates
412:to smaller types of
3114:Lacustrine deposits
3109:Mudstone formations
3030:2014NW....101...77C
3018:Naturwissenschaften
2967:2014NW....101..965F
2955:Naturwissenschaften
2915:2020JSAES.10102619A
2833:2021SwJP..140....9C
2641:metacarpal remains
2486:Marisela gregoriana
2100:maxillary fragment
2023:fragmentary skulls
1779:isolated vertebrae
647:grasses resembling
257:dating back to the
49:5.33–0.709100
25:Stratigraphic range
2759:
2524:
2493:an isolated molar
2394:fragmentary teeth
2378:
2309:a type of Opossum
2111:
1987:
1885:plastron fragment
1865:
1763:
1700:
1590:
1432:
1355:
1322:
1216:
1179:
480:Reclassified taxon
355:
288:caviomorph rodents
3084:Neogene Venezuela
2783:
2782:
2169:
2168:
2069:dentary fragment
1704:
1703:
1619:
1618:
1005:
1004:
921:E. cf. emarginata
832:
831:
784:
783:
675:
674:
537:
536:
528:
516:
515:
512:
505:
498:
491:
486:
481:
476:
391:False Coral Snake
247:
246:
3121:
3058:
3057:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2952:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2926:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2854:
2844:
2811:
2631:Proterotheriidae
2306:partial humerus
2176:
1711:
1626:
1397:pectoral spines
1371:pectoral spines
1012:
995:Cocuiza Member
839:
815:Trichodactylidae
791:
687:
539:
526:
508:
501:
494:
489:
484:
479:
472:
469:
453:
345:Paleoenvironment
339:strontium dating
300:Codore Formation
243:
215:
213:
212:
157:Codore Formation
132:
123:
53:
16:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2961:(11): 965–974.
2950:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2813:
2812:
2793:
2788:
2772:Cocuiza Member
2745:Cocuiza Member
2726:Cocuiza Member
2708:a large bodied
2702:Cocuiza Member
2678:Cocuiza Member
2617:Cocuiza Member
2604:Proeremotherium
2465:Cocuiza Member
2436:Interatheriidae
2405:Hydrochoeropsis
2363:Cocuiza Member
2216:two osteoderms
2174:
2157:trunk vertebra
2154:Cocuiza Member
2126:Cocuiza Member
2097:Cocuiza Member
1826:Cocuiza Member
1709:
1624:
1609:Cocuiza Member
1576:pharyngeal bone
1529:isolated teeth
1269:Myliobatiformes
1168:isolated teeth
1010:
972:Cocuiza Member
949:Cocuiza Member
926:Cocuiza Member
901:Cocuiza Member
876:Cocuiza Member
837:
789:
774:Cocuiza Member
685:
680:
524:
467:
451:
443:Rio Seco Member
387:Matamata turtes
347:
296:
219:
210:
208:
122:
121:
120:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
48:
47:
45:
35:
12:
11:
5:
3127:
3125:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3059:
3004:
2938:
2889:
2866:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2761:
2760:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2695:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2661:a partial jaw
2659:
2658:Vergel Member
2656:
2654:
2653:incerta sedis
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:Vergel Member
2636:
2634:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2615:Vergel Member
2613:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2590:Vergel Member
2588:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:Vergel Member
2564:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2537:Vergel Member
2535:
2533:
2530:Neoepiblemidae
2526:
2525:
2516:
2514:
2513:right humerus
2511:
2510:Vergel Member
2508:
2506:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:Vergel Member
2488:
2483:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2463:Vergel Member
2461:
2459:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:Vergel Member
2441:
2439:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2419:a dentary and
2417:
2416:Vergel Member
2414:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:Vergel Member
2389:
2387:
2384:Hydrochoerinae
2380:
2379:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2361:Vergel Member
2359:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2329:
2328:Vergel Member
2326:
2321:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2303:Vergel Member
2301:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2278:Vergel Member
2276:
2271:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:Vergel Member
2252:
2250:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:Vergel Member
2232:
2230:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:Vergel Member
2211:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2124:Vergel Member
2122:
2120:
2113:
2112:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2072:a large sized
2070:
2067:
2066:Vergel Member
2064:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:Vergel Member
2039:
2037:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:Vergel Member
2018:
2016:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:Vergel Member
1998:
1996:
1989:
1988:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:Vergel Member
1971:
1969:
1966:Podocnemididae
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1954:Vergel Member
1952:
1949:C. falconensis
1945:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1927:Vergel Member
1925:
1920:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:Vergel Member
1901:
1899:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:Vergel Member
1880:
1875:
1867:
1866:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:Vergel Member
1849:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1824:Vergel Member
1822:
1820:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:Vergel Member
1802:
1800:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1776:Vergel Member
1774:
1772:
1765:
1764:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1748:Vergel Member
1746:
1739:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1683:Vergel Member
1681:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:Vergel Member
1655:
1653:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1600:
1592:
1591:
1582:
1579:
1572:
1571:Vergel Member
1569:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:Vergel Member
1545:
1543:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:Vergel Member
1524:
1522:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1502:Vergel Member
1500:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:Vergel Member
1474:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:Vergel Member
1448:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:Vergel Member
1416:
1411:
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2357:H. floridanus
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2315:
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563:Amaranthaceae
561:
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454:
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406:ground sloths
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402:notoungulates
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359:Vergel Member
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52:
43:
39:
38:Chapadmalalan
34:
30:
26:
22:
17:
3024:(2): 77–86.
3021:
3017:
3007:
2958:
2954:
2941:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2824:
2820:
2738:Toxodontidae
2697:
2690:
2616:
2610:
2602:
2585:
2578:
2561:
2553:
2503:Mylodontidae
2485:
2478:
2464:
2411:
2403:
2362:
2356:
2348:
2323:
2316:
2298:
2290:
2273:
2266:
2208:
2200:
2149:
2142:
2125:
2090:
2082:
2074:teiid lizard
2061:
2053:
1947:
1940:
1922:
1915:
1877:
1870:
1846:
1839:
1825:
1741:
1734:
1678:
1670:
1602:
1595:
1566:
1559:
1540:Siluriformes
1497:
1491:Scorpiodoras
1489:
1471:
1463:
1445:
1437:
1413:
1408:Potamotrygon
1406:
1389:
1383:Platysilurus
1381:
1336:
1328:
1295:
1288:
1251:
1243:
1222:Loricariidae
1202:
1197:dermal teeth
1185:Hypostominae
1160:
1146:Scorpiodoras
1145:
1141:
1064:
1056:
990:
983:
967:
960:
945:E. secoensis
944:
937:
919:
912:
894:
887:
869:
862:
530:
521:
464:
442:
440:
432:
426:
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417:
399:
380:
369:
364:Potamotrygon
362:
358:
356:
320:
308:Falcón State
297:
294:Stratigraphy
250:
248:
224:Type section
2983:11336/32009
2580:Pliodasypus
2367:osteoderms
2333:ankle bones
2227:Caviomorpha
2202:Boreostemma
1896:Colubroides
1841:Chelonoidis
1561:Synbranchus
1330:Pimelodella
1312:serrasalmid
1117:fin spines
835:Echinoderms
787:Crustaceans
750:Planorbidae
649:Chloroideae
531:crossed out
510:Morphotaxon
410:glyptodonts
280:glyptodonts
263:Pleistocene
3068:Categories
2909:: 102619.
2786:References
2651:Typotheria
2569:osteoderm
2337:metatarsal
2247:Cricetidae
2131:coprolites
2117:Crocodylia
2055:Tupinambis
2034:Testudines
1942:Crocodylus
1817:Caimaninae
1743:A. scytale
1707:Reptilians
1622:Amphibians
1604:B. marinus
1505:a partial
1361:Pimeloidea
1142:Amblydoras
1072:a partial
1058:Amblydoras
991:M. atropos
962:Mellitella
730:Gastropoda
678:Paleofauna
600:Cleomaceae
581:Asteraceae
527:small text
496:Ichnotaxon
449:Paleoflora
436:neotropics
414:armadillos
3054:253637167
2999:253635703
2933:219045960
2765:Xenarthra
2710:procyonid
2671:Camelidae
2350:Holmesina
2292:Didelphis
2188:Material
2092:C. yacare
1993:Serpentes
1797:Aniliidae
1784:Epicrates
1723:Material
1638:Material
1507:cleithrum
1439:Schizodon
1290:Mylossoma
1127:Doradidae
1107:Cichlidae
1074:cleithrum
1024:Material
864:Agassizia
851:Material
803:Material
768:Ostreidae
699:Material
551:Material
465:Color key
335:limestone
326:sandstone
271:formation
267:Venezuela
229:Named for
217:Venezuela
194:Limestone
180:Sandstone
171:Lithology
163:Thickness
145:Sub-units
33:Chibanian
3046:24414134
2991:25228347
2861:34721281
2827:(9): 9.
2480:Marisela
2456:Mammalia
2427:Capybara
2268:Cyonasua
2182:Species
2162:anaconda
2160:a large
2144:Eunectes
2013:Squamata
1917:Corallus
1717:Species
1688:urostyle
1632:Species
1446:S. corti
1018:Species
845:Species
797:Species
711:Bivalvia
693:Species
683:Molluscs
659:Vitaceae
545:Species
419:Corallus
395:Capybara
337:. Using
330:mudstone
259:Pliocene
200:Location
184:mudstone
153:Overlies
42:Lujanian
29:Zanclean
3026:Bibcode
2963:Bibcode
2911:Bibcode
2852:8550326
2829:Bibcode
2767:indet.
2740:indet.
2721:indet.
2719:Sirenia
2673:indet.
2633:indet.
2542:phalanx
2540:distal
2532:indet.
2505:indet.
2458:indet.
2438:indet.
2386:indet.
2331:teeth,
2249:indet.
2229:indet.
2185:Member
2172:Mammals
2119:indet.
2036:indet.
2015:indet.
1995:indet.
1968:indet.
1898:indet.
1819:indet.
1799:indet.
1771:indet.
1736:Anilius
1720:Member
1652:indet.
1635:Member
1542:indet.
1521:indet.
1465:Sciades
1363:indet.
1310:clade"
1271:indet.
1224:indet.
1187:indet.
1156:Hoplias
1129:indet.
1109:indet.
1088:indet.
1038:indet.
1021:Member
889:Arbacia
848:Member
817:indet.
800:Member
732:indet.
713:indet.
696:Member
636:Poaceae
548:Member
503:Ootaxon
371:Sciades
312:Urumaco
205:Country
176:Primary
137:Unit of
118:↓
3052:
3044:
2997:
2989:
2931:
2859:
2849:
2698:C. sp.
2611:P. sp.
2562:P. sp.
2555:Plaina
2421:molars
2335:and a
2324:F. sp.
2299:D. sp.
2274:C. sp.
2209:B. sp.
2194:Image
2191:Notes
2150:E. sp.
2084:Caiman
2062:T. sp.
1923:C. sp.
1878:C. sp.
1872:Chelus
1847:C. sp.
1793:Boidae
1769:Boidae
1729:Image
1726:Notes
1679:P. sp.
1644:Image
1641:Notes
1567:S. sp.
1498:S. sp.
1472:S. sp.
1414:P. sp.
1390:P. sp.
1337:P. sp.
1296:M. sp.
1252:M. sp.
1161:H. sp.
1065:A. sp.
1030:Image
1027:Notes
939:Encope
914:Encope
857:Image
854:Notes
809:Image
806:Notes
705:Image
702:Notes
557:Image
554:Notes
269:. The
214:
3050:S2CID
2995:S2CID
2951:(PDF)
2929:S2CID
2886:(36).
2560:aff.
2552:aff.
2355:aff.
2347:aff.
2207:aff.
2199:aff.
2179:Name
2089:aff.
2058:s.l.
1714:Name
1650:Anura
1629:Name
1597:Bagre
1015:Name
985:Moira
842:Name
794:Name
690:Name
657:aff.
598:aff.
542:Name
522:Notes
474:Taxon
253:is a
190:Other
3042:PMID
2987:PMID
2857:PMID
2609:cf.
2601:cf.
2297:cf.
2289:cf.
1677:cf.
1672:Pipa
1669:cf.
1496:cf.
1488:cf.
1470:cf.
1462:cf.
1444:cf.
1388:cf.
1380:cf.
1335:cf.
1327:cf.
1308:pacu
1250:cf.
1242:cf.
1144:and
1063:cf.
1055:cf.
1008:Fish
748:cf.
425:The
286:and
249:The
57:PreꞒ
3034:doi
3022:101
2979:hdl
2971:doi
2959:101
2919:doi
2907:101
2847:PMC
2837:doi
2825:140
1306:a "
265:of
261:to
3070::
3048:.
3040:.
3032:.
3020:.
3016:.
2993:.
2985:.
2977:.
2969:.
2957:.
2953:.
2927:.
2917:.
2905:.
2901:.
2884:13
2882:.
2878:.
2855:.
2845:.
2835:.
2823:.
2819:.
2794:^
529:;
438:.
408:,
404:,
328:,
318:.
290:.
282:,
182:,
107:Pg
51:Ma
27::
3056:.
3036::
3028::
3001:.
2981::
2973::
2965::
2935:.
2921::
2913::
2863:.
2839::
2831::
2410:?
2225:?
1795:/
112:N
102:K
97:J
92:T
87:P
82:C
77:D
72:S
67:O
62:Ꞓ
46:~
44:)
40:-
36:(
31:-
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