44:
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after him. Herckman and his men occupied the location for only two months, departing on
October 28, 1643. Having been told that the Dutch planned to return, the Spanish viceroy in Peru sent 1000 men in twenty ships (and 2000 men by land, who never made it) in 1644 to resettle Valdivia and fortify it.
460:
On
February 27, 2010, an 8.8 MW earthquake struck the island and surrounding area resulting in widespread devastation. Measurements taken after the quake indicated coastal uplifts of between ~0.2 to 3.1 m. A similar phenomenon was documented in 1839 after the 1835 earthquake in the region by
344:
against Spain, to aid in establishing a resettlement at
Valdivia. However, on August 7, 1643, Brouwer died before arriving and was succeeded by his vice-admiral Elias Herckman, who landed at the ruins of Valdivia on August 24. Brouwer was buried in the new settlement, which Herckman named
281:
ordered his fleet to stop at the island for supplies and to make repairs during their disastrous circumnavigation attempt. The fleet had been separated by dense fog and some of the ships missed the island due to a mistake on the map. After waiting for two months, the fleet departed.
316:
and Santa María Island were considered due to their isolation and excellent harbors. Valdivia, like all cities south of Bío Bío River, had been abandoned by
Spaniards and destroyed by the Mapuches in 1599 during the
218:
on the mainland to its east. Despite its relative isolation, the island has been witness to many important historical events from the colonial period through to the modern age.
274:
with 70 men. There they were greeted by the
Mapuche and traded with them, and the crew entertained the natives aboard their ship. They departed the island after a few days.
993:
79:
259:
It is possible that
European explorers sighted the island in 1544, but the earliest confirmed discovery of the island was in 1550 by Genoese explorer
1378:
271:
423:. It was an overwhelming German victory; the Germans suffered only 3 wounded, while the British lost over 1,660 men and two armored cruisers,
1317:
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20:
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was had been dismasted by squalls off of Cape Horn in two consecutive attempts to pass the cape from east to west in 1922 and 1923.
318:
1057:
203:
1245:
488:, squid, and other marine animals have washed up along the island's coasts. Scientists largely blame the phenomenon on
362:
416:
297:
1088:
435:
293:
1142:"Effects of rocky shore coseismic uplift and the 2010 Chilean mega-earthquake on intertidal biomarker species"
988:
492:, a disruptive weather phenomenon that comes with warming sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific.
304:
to establish a base for their trade along the west coast of South
America under the command of Dutch explorer
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De reis van Mahu en de Cordes door de Straat van Magalhães naar Zuid-Amerika en Japan 1598-1600
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991:(1993). "Jesuitas, Franciscanos y Capuchinos italianos en la Araucanía (1600–1900)".
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The
Spanish soldiers in the new garrison disinterred and burned Brouwer's body.
1030:
485:
289:
may have also anchored at the island at some point in the early 17th century.
1189:
Cappozzo, Humberto Luis; Perrin, William F. (2008). "South
American sea lion
94:
81:
1122:
385:
was fought to the northwest of the island on
November 1, 1914, in which the
370:
369:
and captured several ships of a Spanish convoy carrying men and weapons for
313:
1246:"Thousands of Squid in Chile Washed up on Santa María Island is Mystery"
963:
489:
337:
240:
1168:
1295:
1193:". In Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J.G.M. (eds.).
352:
301:
211:
540:(ICAO: SCIS). It has only one runway with a length of 2625 feet.
409:
434:. This was the first naval defeat for the British since the
263:
during his second voyage sailing for the Spanish crown.
1075:
Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas, 1500-1750
1197:(2nd ed.). Elsevier Science. pp. 1076–1077.
1090:
Coronel and Falklands 1914: Duel in the South Atlantic
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and the first of a British naval squadron since the
415:
met and overpowered a British squadron commanded by
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73:
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31:
1220:"Wave of dead sea creatures hits Chile's beaches"
1015:Lives and Voyages of Drake, Cavendish and Dampier
508:because it supports significant populations of
357:The Battle of Coronel, near Santa María Island
332:provided them with supplies. After landing on
198:is a sparsely inhabited island located in the
1121:Lockett, Graham; Allen, Tony (18 July 2021).
536:Air traffic to the island is serviced by the
8:
214:. It is administered as part of the city of
26:
1140:Castilla, Juan Carlos (November 18, 2010).
994:Revista Complutense de Historia de América
565:
453:ran aground on Santa María Island in fog.
42:
25:
1018:. Edinburgh Cabinet Library. p. 181.
1316:Hajek, Ernst; Castri, Francesco (1975).
266:In 1587, British explorer and privateer
980:
243:inhabitants, who were most likely the
277:In 1599, Dutch explorer and merchant
7:
569:Climate data for Santa María Island
473:The island's coasts are home to the
449:On 22 April 1924, the sailing ship
21:Santa Maria Island (disambiguation)
950:Source: Bioclimatografia de Chile
500:The island has been designated an
477:, which is known for being highly
14:
1093:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
1029:Wieder, Frederick Caspar (1931).
1296:"SCIS - Isla Santa Maria, Chile"
340:, who were then fighting in the
1012:Johnstone, Christian I (1831).
336:, Brouwer made a pact with the
319:Destruction of the Seven Cities
300:in organizing an expedition to
130:35 km (14 sq mi)
1277:. BirdLife International. 2024
1195:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
1149:Marine Ecology Progress Series
484:Frequently, thousands of dead
231:Santa María Island was called
1:
1379:Important Bird Areas of Chile
1035:. Amsterdam: Martinus Nijhoff
373:off the coast of the island.
202:off the western coast of the
1323:(in Spanish). Archived from
270:landed on the island during
1318:"Bioclimatografia de Chile"
758:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
618:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
557:takes place on the island.
363:First Chilean Navy Squadron
1400:
1352:Municipalidad de Coronel,
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1087:McNally, Michael (2012).
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298:Dutch West Indies Company
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1374:Pacific islands of Chile
1369:Islands of Biobío Region
436:Battle of Lake Champlain
294:Dutch East India Company
1384:Coasts of Biobío Region
518:Peruvian diving-petrels
514:pink-footed shearwaters
475:South American sea lion
1123:"SV Garthwray (+1924)"
989:Pinto Rodríguez, Jorge
506:BirdLife International
367:Manuel Blanco Encalada
358:
330:John Maurice of Nassau
324:The fleet sailed from
522:red-legged cormorants
365:under the command of
356:
261:Juan Bautista Pastene
255:European Colonization
95:37.05000°S 73.51667°W
48:Gulf of Arauco, Chile
1064:at coloniavoyage.com
444:Battle of Grand Port
399:Imperial German Navy
287:Joris van Spilbergen
227:Pre-Columbian Period
100:-37.05000; -73.51667
19:For other uses, see
1330:on 22 November 2009
1218:Fleitas, Giovanna.
1161:2010MEPS..418...17C
1077:, 1998, pages 88-92
688:Daily mean °C (°F)
502:Important Bird Area
496:Important Bird Area
421:Christopher Cradock
413:Maximilian von Spee
361:On 26 October 1818
204:Concepción Province
91: /
28:
1275:BirdLife Data Zone
1271:"Isla Santa María"
1060:2016-03-03 at the
1055:The Dutch in Chili
538:Puerto Sur Airport
479:sexually dimorphic
403:Kaiserliche Marine
391:Ostasiengeschwader
387:East Asia Squadron
359:
239:by the indigenous
196:Santa María Island
173:Largest settlement
1191:Otaria flavescens
1169:10.3354/meps08830
954:
953:
904:relative humidity
395:Kreuzergeschwader
383:Battle of Coronel
193:
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162:Communes of Chile
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306:Hendrick Brouwer
272:his first voyage
268:Thomas Cavendish
247:, also known as
150:Regions of Chile
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342:War of Arauco
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334:Chiloe Island
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314:Chiloé Island
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292:In 1642, the
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200:Bay of Arauco
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111:Total islands
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68:Pacific Ocean
65:
61:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:Native name:
30:
22:
1332:. Retrieved
1325:the original
1311:
1301:December 28,
1299:. Retrieved
1290:
1279:. Retrieved
1274:
1265:
1255:December 28,
1253:. Retrieved
1249:
1239:
1229:December 28,
1227:. Retrieved
1223:
1213:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1174:December 28,
1172:. Retrieved
1152:
1148:
1135:
1127:Wrecksite.eu
1126:
1116:
1106:December 28,
1104:. Retrieved
1089:
1082:
1069:
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1039:December 28,
1037:. Retrieved
1031:
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998:
992:
983:
832:mm (inches)
548:
547:
535:
499:
483:
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432:HMS Monmouth
431:
426:
417:Rear-Admiral
407:Vice-Admiral
402:
394:
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380:
377:20th Century
360:
346:
326:Dutch Brazil
323:
291:
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276:
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248:
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236:
232:
230:
195:
194:
181:Demographics
141:
440:War of 1812
296:joined the
98: /
74:Coordinates
35:Santa María
1363:Categories
1281:2024-10-02
1001:: 109–147.
975:References
544:Literature
486:cuttlefish
251:, people.
249:Araucanian
186:Population
176:Puerto Sur
1155:: 17–23.
532:Transport
504:(IBA) by
455:Garthwray
451:Garthwray
446:in 1810.
427:Good Hope
397:) of the
371:El Callao
86:73°31′0″W
83:37°03′0″S
58:Geography
1224:Phys.org
1058:Archived
958:See also
902:Average
897:(34.49)
828:Average
310:Valdivia
237:Penequen
63:Location
1157:Bibcode
964:Mapuche
892:(0.98)
887:(1.14)
882:(1.54)
877:(2.77)
872:(4.81)
867:(5.89)
862:(6.23)
857:(6.02)
852:(2.63)
847:(1.35)
842:(0.50)
837:(0.63)
823:(49.2)
818:(51.6)
813:(49.5)
808:(47.5)
803:(46.2)
798:(45.1)
793:(45.9)
788:(47.1)
783:(49.1)
778:(50.4)
773:(52.2)
768:(53.1)
763:(52.9)
753:(54.0)
748:(57.0)
743:(54.7)
738:(53.2)
733:(50.7)
728:(49.6)
723:(50.5)
718:(50.4)
713:(53.2)
708:(54.7)
703:(57.2)
698:(58.5)
693:(58.6)
683:(59.5)
678:(63.0)
673:(60.3)
668:(57.6)
663:(56.1)
658:(54.7)
653:(55.0)
648:(55.9)
643:(58.1)
638:(60.1)
633:(63.7)
628:(64.6)
623:(64.9)
561:Climate
490:El Nino
469:Ecology
438:in the
338:Mapuche
241:Mapuche
222:History
216:Coronel
206:of the
1334:27 May
1250:Quasar
1201:
1097:
574:Month
328:where
245:Nagche
233:Tralca
1328:(PDF)
1321:(PDF)
1145:(PDF)
895:875.8
870:122.3
865:149.6
860:158.2
855:152.8
613:Year
510:sooty
302:Chile
212:Chile
142:Chile
66:East
1336:2024
1303:2023
1257:2023
1231:2023
1199:ISBN
1176:2023
1108:2023
1095:ISBN
1041:2023
906:(%)
890:24.9
885:29.0
880:39.0
875:70.4
850:66.8
845:34.3
840:12.6
835:15.9
816:10.9
776:10.2
771:11.2
766:11.7
761:11.6
751:12.2
746:13.9
741:12.6
736:11.8
731:10.4
721:10.3
716:10.2
711:11.8
706:12.6
701:14.0
696:14.7
691:14.8
681:15.3
676:17.2
671:15.7
666:14.2
661:13.4
656:12.6
651:12.8
646:13.3
641:14.5
636:15.6
631:17.6
626:18.1
621:18.3
610:Dec
607:Nov
604:Oct
601:Sep
598:Aug
595:Jul
592:Jun
589:May
586:Apr
583:Mar
580:Feb
577:Jan
524:and
512:and
430:and
425:HMS
419:Sir
410:Graf
381:The
189:2200
127:Area
1165:doi
1153:418
945:87
942:83
939:84
936:86
933:87
930:88
927:90
924:91
921:90
918:88
915:86
912:84
909:83
821:9.6
811:9.7
806:8.6
801:7.9
796:7.3
791:7.7
786:8.4
781:9.5
726:9.8
553:by
393:or
235:or
210:of
1365::
1273:.
1248:.
1222:.
1163:.
1151:.
1147:.
1125:.
999:19
528:.
520:,
516:,
481:.
465:.
321:.
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308:.
1338:.
1305:.
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1233:.
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401:(
389:(
122:1
114:3
23:.
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