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970:(1929). It is two floors, supported by stone columns. The lower floor communicates with the garden and has a fountain in its central area. On the walls of the cloister, the visitor can see old pieces, some of 10th century. The extensive garden includes the Chapel of Sant Iscle and Santa Victòria, Romanesque, access to the buildings of the novitiate and the choir and several sculptures, such as the marble of the "Good Shepherd" of
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tile Abbey founded the Estela Press to promote religious books in
Catalan (Masot i Muntaner, 1986). In 1971 the PAM Press (Publications of the Montserrat's Abbey) became official (FaulĂ, 1999, pp. 35â9). The abbey was also active in providing shelter to intellectuals and clandestine political activists from a wide political spectrum.
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of Ripoll. Santa CecĂlia did not accept this new situation, so Oliba decided to found the monastery of Santa Maria in the place where there was an old hermitage of the same name (1025). As of 1082, Santa Maria gained an abbot of her own and ceased to depend on the abbot of Ripoll. This hermitage had
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The pipe organ of the church of
Montserrat dates from 1896 and was moved to the presbytery in 1957. This pipe organ is very deteriorated. A new pipe organ was inaugurated in 2010 and follows the design of the Catalan pipe organs that are located next to the church. It is an important work of Catalan
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Amid other activities, the Abbey of
Montserrat played a remarkable part in continuing to publish in Catalan. They created and promoted, among others, some children's publications (L'Infantil, Tretzevents) and some cultural and religious journals (Serra d'Or, QĂźestions de vida cristiana). In 1958,
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of the mountain. At 1,236 metres (4,055 ft) above the valley floor, Montserrat is the highest point of the
Catalan lowlands, and stands central to the most populated part of Catalonia. Montserrat's highest point, Sant Jeroni, can be reached by footpaths leading from the monastery. From Sant
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saw the violent suppression of the Abbey of
Montserrat. Of the 278 priests and 583 religious men and women killed in Catalonia by Republican forces, 22 were monks of the Abbey of Montserrat. The Spanish Republican authorities and the authorities of the Generalitat de Catalunya, such as
986:
The refectory is from the 17th century and it was rebuilt in 1925 by Puig i
Cadafalch. The central part has a mosaic that represents Christ, while in the opposite area the visitor can see a triptych with scenes from the life of St. Benedict.
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virgin, which materialized in four earlier hermitages in the 9th century: Santa Maria, Sant Iscle, Sant Pere and Sant MartĂ. However, the origin of the monastery is uncertain. It is known that around 1011 a monk from the
518:("Blessed city of Jerusalem, called the vision of peace"). At the foot of the frieze with the relief of St. George is sculpted the phrase "Catalonia will be Christian or it will not be", attributed to the bishop
1260:. In response, the police sealed off the monastery. The protesters were eventually removed from the monastery grounds, but their actions helped convince the Francoist government to commute the death sentences.
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Montserrat, whose name means 'serrated mountain', plays an important role in the cultural and spiritual life of
Catalonia. It is Catalonia's most important religious retreat and groups of young people from
902:, with a singular image of Christ realized in negative, where only the face, the hands and the feet are seen, with a light that illuminates the face to him; the Holy Family chapel, where the painting
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910:(1904); the Santo Cristo chapel, with an image of Josep Llimona (1896) facing the painting of "The PietĂ of Montserrat" by the doctor and painter Josep LluĂs Arimany (1995); and the chapel of the
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is
Catalonia's patron saint, and is located in the sanctuary of the Mare de DĂŠu de Montserrat, next to the Benedictine monastery nestling in the towers and crags of the mountain.
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Initial construction of the basilica of
Montserrat began in the 16th century, and its complete reconstruction began in the year 1811, after being destroyed in the
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is set in Santa Maria de
Montserrat. In the book, a crucial, secret meeting is held between an outspoken atheist and major Catholic, Jewish and Muslim clergymen.
819:. The exit of the room is carried out by the CamĂ de l'Ave Maria, where it is customary to make offerings in the form of candles. Here stands out a statue of the
309:. The monastery was founded in 1025 and rebuilt between the 19th and 20th centuries. With a community of around 70 monks, the abbey is still in use to this day.
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1148:, the abbey was twice burned down and sacked by Napoleon's troops, and many of its treasures were lost. In 1835, the abbey was closed until restoration in 1844.
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783:. Here is a 12th-century statue of the Virgin on which are placed some angels that hold the crown, the scepter and the lily of the Virgin, the work of
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1041:, an Asturian, who was the only painter linked to the European impressionist and neo-impressionist movements; as well as a representation of French
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739:(right), the work of the friar Benet MartĂnez. Next comes the Throne Room (1944-1954), the work of Francesc Folguera, decorated with paintings by
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763:. The Throne of the Virgin is embossed silver, the work of goldsmith Ramon Sunyer, with two reliefs made by Alfons Serrahima and designed by
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401:, Montserrat's Boysâ Choir, is one of the oldest in Europe, and performs during religious ceremonies and communal prayers in the basilica.
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958:. The pipe organ is located on the side of the nave, as is traditional in Catalonia, offering a very good sound throughout the church.
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Though Franco never accepted Hitler's invitation to join WWII on the Axis side, Nazi leaders were regular visitors to Spain. During a
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and Joan Casanovas, tried to stop anticlerical violence and helped many priests and religious people to hide and leave the country.
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for scholars, artists, politicians and students. Franco's men were often waiting for wanted people a few miles down the road.
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577:, which represent the history of Montserrat and the main basilicas of the world. The square also houses various sculptures:
1363:. FaulĂ, Josep, Francesc Xavier AltĂŠs i AguilĂł & Josep Massot i Muntaner. Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2005.
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In 1880, Montserrat celebrated 1000 years of existence. On 11 September 1881, to coincide with the Catalan national day
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This facade precedes the church proper, which is accessed through an atrium. Here are the 16th century sepulchres of
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The legend places the finding of the statue of the Virgin of Montserrat around 880. Then began the cult of the
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musical craftsmanship that places Montserrat at an international musical level. This pipe organ is designed by
784:
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1967:
759:). The Fountain of the Virgin is also found here, with reliefs of Charles Collet representing the miracles of
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and all over Catalonia often make overnight hikes to watch the sunrise from the heights of Montserrat. The
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Just above the main altar is located the room of the Virgin that is accessed after crossing a portal of
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A yearâs journey through France and Spain, Vol 1, 1777 Philip Thicknesse Letter xx onwards
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made in the 18th century for the bell tower of the monastery that were never installed.
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From the 1940s onward, Santa Maria de Montserrat Abbey was often seen as a symbol of
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The Basques, the Catalans, and Spain: Alternative Routes to Nationalist Mobilisation
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a new façade of the church was built (between 1942 and 1968), with the work of
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Jeroni, almost all of Catalonia can be seen, and on a clear day the island of
1584:"Himmler, Montserrat y el Santo Grial: la factura de una visita desagradable"
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Other collections include Montserrat iconography and religious goldsmithing.
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The monastery has an important museum divided into three different sections:
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at the abbey to protest against the death sentences meted out to 16 Basque
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NATIONALISM AND INTELLECTUALS IN NATIONS WITHOUT STATES: THE CATALAN CASE
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with a painting of the founding saint of the Benedictine Order (1980) by
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thanks to the statue of the Virgin that was venerated in it since 880.
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and Agapito Vallmitjana; the chapel of del SantĂssim (1977), work of
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facade of the church built by Francisco de Paula del Villar y Carmona
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Preston, Paul. The Spanish Holocaust, London, Harper Press, 2012.
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chapel by Venanci Vallmitjana with a painting of St. Ignatius by
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Urban change and the European left: tales from the new Barcelona
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and financed by popular subscription and the social work of the
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Proclamation of the dogma of the Assumption of Mary by Pius XII
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Modern painting, with works by artists from Catalonia such as
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chapel, work of Josep Llimona, with the images of St. Martin,
1493:"Sean Scully Fills a Spanish Monastery With Bursts of Color"
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In December 1970, 300 Spanish artists and academics held a
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become the most important of all those that existed in the
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The cloister of the monastery is the work of the architect
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restyled Santa Cecilia Chapel which is next to the abbey.
1668:, Political Studies. Dec2000, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p989. 17p.
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Cinc-cents anys de Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat
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proclaimed the Virgin of Montserrat patron of Catalonia.
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The monastery is 48 kilometres (30 mi) northwest of
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came to the mountain to take charge of the monastery of
791:. The Sala del Cambril is a circular chapel with three
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Archeology of the biblical East, showing objects from
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20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Spain
680:. The 15th century cross on the altar is the work of
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Juan de AragĂłn y de Jonqueras, 2nd count of Ribagorza
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There are generally about 80 monks in residence. The
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1083:Ancient painting, showing works by artists such as
929:The basilica was restored between 1991 and 1995 by
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1553:"Don Quixote website, the Monastery of Montserrat"
412:with works of art by many prominent painters. The
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621:. Next to the baptistery there is a sculpture of
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656:. At the head is the main altar, decorated with
305:. It is notable for enshrining the image of the
1229:was held to celebrate the Enthronement of the
815:are of Agapit Vallmitjana. The windows are of
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749:Esther's Wedding with the Persian King Asuero
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1717:"After the Burgos Trials", Juan Marchial,
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555:Visit of the Catholic Monarchs to Montserrat
357:Monestir de Montserrat and Roca de St. Jaume
30:
471:. The facade was realized in 1901, work of
452:Interior of the dome of the altar (c. 1928)
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1780:
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1351:. Manuel Llanas. Universitat de Vic, 2002.
1214:, Santa Maria de Montserrat was seen as a
838:Around the central nave there are several
831:ceramic depicting the Virgin, the work of
559:Visit of Don John of Austria to Montserrat
29:
498:and decorated with sculptural reliefs of
1767:Abbey and Escalonia Choir Photo Gallery
1328:
678:The Multiplication of Loaves and Fishes
473:Francisco de Paula del Villar y Carmona
341:lower down the mountain) and the other
104:Santa Maria de Montserrat Abbey (Spain)
1757:Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat
1677:"Basque Trial Protesters Sealed Off",
846:chapel with the image of St. Peter by
516:Urbs Jerusalem Beata Dicta Pacis Visio
414:Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat
327:rack railway connecting with Monistrol
1639:
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745:Judith Who Cuts Off Holofernes's Head
533:. There are also several sculptures:
432:New facade, work of Francesc Folguera
276:
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2132:11th-century establishments in Spain
2122:Benedictine monasteries in Catalonia
952:Blancafort, orgueners de Montserrat,
1563:from the original on 2 August 2023.
601:, by F. Bassas. On one side is the
1126:monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll
605:(1958), with a portal sculpted by
479:style, with sculptural reliefs of
278:[ËsantÉmÉËÉži.ÉĂ°ÉmunsÉËrat]
25:
1647:University of Nevada Press, 2000
922:, with a stained glass window by
613:(1918-1971) and a drawing of the
379:Basilica viewed from the entrance
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1914:
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1541:Archdiocese of Barcelona website
890:. On the left are the chapel of
343:connecting with the upper slopes
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88:
67:
60:
43:
1608:MacNeil, Karen (January 2001).
1336:"History", Abadia de Montserrat
974:or some of the sculptures that
809:The Virgin Welcomes the Romeros
696:there are various paintings by
553:. There are also the paintings
31:Santa Maria de Montserrat Abbey
609:, and inside a mosaic made by
1:
36:
1491:Sharp, Rob (June 30, 2015).
1404:Molas i RifĂ , Jordi (1998).
1301:Llibre Vermell de Montserrat
1146:Napoleon's invasion of Spain
1144:In 1811 and in 1812, during
894:, with sculptures (1886) by
640:, representing the prophets
625:, a work by Rafael Solanic.
485:Agapit Vallmitjana i Barbany
139:; 999 years ago
1906:Sant Salvador de la Vedella
1831:Santa CecĂlia de Montserrat
1723:, December 30, 1970 (p.8).
1237:, defying the government's
1167:The abbey as seen from the
1130:Santa CecĂlia de Montserrat
731:on the walls represent the
289:located on the mountain of
2153:
2127:Basilica churches in Spain
1410:. L'Abadia de Montserrat.
1407:GuĂa oficial de Montserrat
1308:Saint Jerome in Meditation
994:
684:. On the altar there is a
628:The church is of a single
496:Francesc Folguera i Grassi
335:connecting with Santa Cova
2084:
2066:Sant Pere de Graudescales
1912:
1851:Santa Maria de Montserrat
1741:Santa Maria de Montserrat
1687:, Dec 14, 1970, (pg. 9).
821:Angel of the Annunciation
467:granted it the status of
270:Santa Maria de Montserrat
76:Location within Catalonia
54:
42:
35:
27:Abbey in Catalonia, Spain
18:Santa MarĂa de Montserrat
2076:Sant Serni de Tavèrnoles
2071:Sant Pere de les Maleses
2021:Sant Andreu de Tresponts
1896:Sant SebastiĂ dels Gorgs
1886:Sant Pere de les Puelles
1881:Sant Pere de la Portella
1590:(in Spanish). 2017-05-24
1348:La impremta a Montserrat
1091:(including an important
1033:, and non-Catalans like
638:Josep Llimona i Bruguera
232:41.5932056°N 1.8371389°E
183:Bien de InterĂŠs Cultural
2036:Sant Llorenç de Morunys
2003:Sant Sepulcre de Palera
1983:Sant Pere de Galligants
1762:Montserrat virtual (3D)
1664:Guibernau, Montserrat.
1280:The opening chapter of
1045:, with authors such as
842:. On the right are the
579:St. Anthony Mary Claret
325:, is the terminus of a
295:Monistrol de Montserrat
287:Order of Saint Benedict
202:Monistrol de Montserrat
168:Sant Feliu de Llobregat
2096:Catholicism portal
2026:Santa CecĂlia de Elins
1901:Sant SebastiĂ del Sull
1876:Sant Pere de Casserres
1856:Santa Maria, Serrateix
1841:Sant Llorenç prop BagĂ
1225:. On 27 April 1947, a
1197:visit to Spain in 1940
1171:
1169:Funicular de Sant Joan
968:Josep Puig i Cadafalch
931:Arcadi Pla i Masmiquel
817:Antoni Rigalt i Blanch
765:Joaquim Ros i Bofarull
623:St. Ignatius of Loyola
453:
445:
433:
424:Basilica of Montserrat
382:
380:
358:
274:Catalan pronunciation:
37:Monestir de Montserrat
2056:Santa Maria de Lavaix
2031:Sant GenĂs de Bellera
1993:Sant Quirze de Colera
1968:Sant Miquel, CruĂŻlles
1943:Sant Feliu de GuĂxols
1938:Sant Esteve, Banyoles
1846:Sant Llorenç del Munt
1743:at Wikimedia Commons
1166:
1047:Pierre-Auguste Renoir
900:Josep Maria Subirachs
591:St. Gregory the Great
563:Francesc Fornells-Pla
531:Bernat II of VilamarĂ
451:
439:
431:
378:
369:
356:
237:41.5932056; 1.8371389
117:Monastery information
79:Show map of Catalonia
2061:Sant Pere del Burgal
2051:Santa Maria, Gualter
1998:Sant Salvador, Breda
1978:Sant Pere, Camprodon
1231:Virgin of Montserrat
1101:Giambattista Tiepolo
997:Museum of Montserrat
912:Immaculada ConcepciĂł
882:(1891); and that of
664:, depicting various
636:, carved in wood by
571:Josep Obiols i Palau
551:Domènec Fita i Molat
535:St. John the Baptist
520:Josep Torras i Bages
392:Virgin of Montserrat
307:Virgin of Montserrat
179:Heritage designation
156:Virgin of Montserrat
1958:Santa Maria, Ripoll
1948:Sant Joan les Fonts
1871:Sant Pau, Fontclara
1861:Sant Miquel del Fai
1700:, Routledge, 1999.
1643:Conversi, Daniele.
1223:Catalan nationalism
1210:During the rule of
920:Josep Maria Pericas
904:The Flight to Egypt
860:St. Martin of Tours
767:that represent the
698:Alexandre de Riquer
674:The Wedding at Cana
477:Plateresque Revival
442:Plateresque Revival
373:inside the basilica
228: /
49:Abbey of Montserrat
32:
2046:Santa Maria, Gerri
1988:Sant Pere de Rodes
1963:Santa Maria, Roses
1933:Sant Aniol d'Aguja
1891:Sant Ponç, Corbera
1497:The New York Times
1203:, the head of the
1172:
976:Josep de San Benet
880:Francesc Berenguer
852:Ignatius of Loyola
775:, and an image of
619:Josep Vila-Arrufat
454:
446:
434:
383:
381:
359:
204:, Catalonia, Spain
2109:
2108:
2041:Santa Maria, Ăneu
1973:Sant Pere, BesalĂş
1953:Santa Maria, Amer
1866:Sant Pau del Camp
1826:Sant Benet, Bages
1739:Media related to
1696:Mcneill, Donald,
1529:Molas i RifĂ 1998
1519:, pp. 42â43.
1517:Molas i RifĂ 1998
1481:, pp. 30â31.
1479:Molas i RifĂ 1998
1469:, pp. 40â41.
1467:Molas i RifĂ 1998
1457:, pp. 34â39.
1455:Molas i RifĂ 1998
1443:Molas i RifĂ 1998
1433:, pp. 25â27.
1431:Molas i RifĂ 1998
1417:978-84-7826-956-3
1270:CassiĂ Maria Just
1239:language policies
1176:Spanish Civil War
1159:Spanish Civil War
948:Albert Blancafort
892:Santa EscolĂ stica
888:Montserrat Gudiol
662:Montserrat Mainar
492:Spanish Civil War
339:shrine and chapel
267:
266:
255:.abadiamontserrat
107:Show map of Spain
16:(Redirected from
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2093:
1918:
1796:
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1750:Official website
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1679:Associated Press
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1611:MacNeil, Karen.
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1235:Catalan language
1212:Francisco Franco
1201:Heinrich Himmler
1105:Pedro Berruguete
1039:DarĂo de Regoyos
1007:Santiago RusiĂąol
956:Caixa de Penedes
870:(1898); the St.
850:(1945); the St.
803:is decorated by
706:Joaquim Vancells
682:Lorenzo Ghiberti
668:scenes, such as
615:Baptism of Jesus
587:John I of Aragon
418:publishing house
280:
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1037:or the painter
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874:chapel with an
872:Joseph Calasanz
856:Ramir Lorenzale
848:Josep Viladomat
827:, as well as a
825:Apel¡les Fenosa
787:, covered by a
735:(left) and the
710:DionĂs Baixeras
670:The Last Supper
611:Santiago PadrĂłs
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1730:External links
1728:
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1689:
1670:
1657:
1655:, (p 126-127).
1631:
1624:
1613:The Wine Bible
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1284:'s 2017 novel
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1264:Notable abbots
1262:
1256:terrorists in
1192:
1189:
1185:Ventura Gassol
1181:LluĂs Companys
1160:
1157:
1116:
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1109:
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995:Main article:
992:
989:
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963:
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942:
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833:Joan Guivernau
785:MartĂ LlauradĂł
757:Birth of Jesus
737:Saints VĂrgins
733:Saints Mothers
607:Charles Collet
595:Frederic Marès
583:Rafael Solanic
575:Benet MartĂnez
573:and the friar
469:minor basilica
458:Peninsular War
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1684:Press-Courier
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1205:Schutzstaffel
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1191:Francoist era
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1153:Pope Leo XIII
1149:
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1097:Luca Giordano
1094:
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1071:
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1055:Alfred Sisley
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:impressionism
1040:
1036:
1035:Pablo Picasso
1032:
1031:Antoni TĂ pies
1028:
1024:
1023:Salvador DalĂ
1020:
1016:
1015:Isidre Nonell
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905:
901:
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896:Enric ClarasĂł
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781:Josep Granyer
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753:Carlo Maratta
750:
746:
742:
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707:
703:
699:
695:
692:form. In the
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465:Pope Leo XIII
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220:41°35â˛35.54âłN
213:
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177:
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91:
63:
53:
46:
41:
34:
19:
1850:
1733:
1720:Boston Globe
1718:
1713:
1697:
1692:
1682:
1673:
1665:
1660:
1644:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1592:. Retrieved
1587:
1578:
1569:
1556:
1547:
1536:
1524:
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1496:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1450:
1438:
1426:
1406:
1360:
1356:
1347:
1342:
1331:
1310:(Caravaggio)
1307:
1299:
1285:
1279:
1247:
1243:
1220:
1209:
1194:
1173:
1150:
1143:
1120:
1118:
1110:
1092:
1051:Claude Monet
1000:
985:
972:Manolo HuguĂŠ
965:
955:
951:
944:
928:
924:Darius VilĂ s
903:
884:St. Benedict
864:St. Placidus
858:(1893); the
837:
820:
808:
805:Joan Llimona
797:Antoni GaudĂ
776:
772:
768:
756:
748:
744:
741:Josep Obiols
736:
732:
727:(1954). The
718:
714:LluĂs Graner
702:Joan Llimona
677:
673:
669:
627:
622:
614:
598:
590:
586:
578:
558:
554:
547:St. Benedict
546:
538:
534:
524:
515:
511:
507:
504:St. Benedict
503:
489:
463:In 1881 the
462:
455:
413:
403:
396:
384:
350:is visible.
316:
269:
268:
223:1°50â˛13.70âłE
174:Architecture
152:Dedicated to
1806:monasteries
1803:Benedictine
1708:, (p. 142).
1134:Abbot Oliba
1074:Mesopotamia
1059:Edgar Degas
1019:Joaquim Mir
1011:Ramon Casas
950:, built by
935:Sean Scully
844:Saint Peter
777:St. Michael
725:Enric Monjo
593:(1957), by
589:(1956) and
581:(1954), by
549:(1962), by
543:Josep ClarĂ
541:(1952), of
500:Joan Rebull
371:L'Escolania
362:Description
235: /
210:Coordinates
134:Established
128:Benedictine
2116:Categories
1836:Sant Cugat
1706:0415170621
1653:0874173620
1594:2019-05-19
1557:donQuijote
1324:References
1276:In fiction
1093:St. Jerome
1089:Caravaggio
941:Pipe organ
933:. In 2015
916:Modernisme
876:altarpiece
868:St. Maurus
813:St. George
773:Visitation
660:(1928) of
603:baptistery
599:St. Pius X
569:(1956) of
567:sgraffitos
561:(1921) by
539:St. Joseph
512:St. George
490:After the
331:funiculars
329:, and two
291:Montserrat
198:Montserrat
1818:Barcelona
1810:Catalonia
1282:Dan Brown
1216:sanctuary
1078:Holy Land
1027:Joan MirĂł
982:Refectory
914:(1910) a
789:baldachin
721:alabaster
690:octagonal
408:houses a
399:Escolania
388:Barcelona
319:Barcelona
299:Catalonia
2101:Category
1615:, p. 466
1561:Archived
1294:See also
1139:mountain
1121:Moreneta
1085:El Greco
1076:and the
962:Cloister
918:work by
829:maiolica
771:and the
769:Nativity
666:biblical
646:Jeremiah
406:basilica
348:Mallorca
313:Location
281:) is an
194:Location
1502:22 July
1115:History
840:chapels
729:mosaics
694:chancel
658:enamels
650:Ezekiel
634:columns
481:Venanci
285:of the
248:Website
163:Diocese
142: (
2013:Lleida
1925:Girona
1704:
1651:
1622:
1414:
1287:Origin
1258:Burgos
1250:sit-in
1070:Cyprus
991:Museum
799:. The
751:) and
686:shrine
654:Daniel
642:Isaiah
597:; and
545:, and
410:museum
333:, one
1681:, in
1066:Egypt
906:, by
801:vault
793:apses
761:Jesus
303:Spain
283:abbey
123:Order
1702:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1620:ISBN
1504:2015
1412:ISBN
1227:Mass
1174:The
1103:and
1057:and
1029:and
866:and
712:and
676:and
652:and
630:nave
557:and
537:and
529:and
510:and
483:and
440:The
416:, a
404:The
257:.cat
189:Site
144:1025
137:1025
1808:in
1254:ETA
1095:),
878:of
823:by
779:by
688:of
617:by
475:in
337:(a
323:FGC
293:in
253:www
2118::
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1107:.
1080:.
1061:.
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20:)
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