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became a more powerful and more permanent institution, there were definite instances of abuses of power. There were the previously mentioned instances of the Holy
Brotherhood silencing those who objected to Isabella's reign. There were also reported instances of abuse by judges and archers, about whom the corregidores could do nothing.
270:. They were sometimes used to undermine the authority of the king or his officials, and sometimes used to enforce it. Early in their formation, they tended to be temporary and to work in favor of royal authority in times of unrest. The king also took only a very minor role in the formation and regulation of the league.
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on these and similar administrative problems. The hermandad judges relied on the backing of the corregidores for legitimacy. The hermandad were given jurisdiction over a wide range of crimes including: "crimes on roads or in unpopulated areas; rape of honest women; blasphemy; and the passing of false
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Just as the
Hermandad's relationship with the rulers and their fellow government employees was constantly changing, so was the opinion of them held by the towns they were supposed to be guarding. As mentioned before, the hermandad was initially created as local militias in times of need. When they
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the hermandades were used to consolidate her authority and silence those who objected to her reign. By 1476, the administration of the “soon-to-be-kingdomwide league was incorporated into
Isabella’s government as the Santa Hermandad (Holy Brotherhood)”. At that point, the Hermandad had a charter,
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were often unable to maintain public peace, protective municipal leagues began to emerge in the twelfth century against bandits and other rural criminals, as well as against the lawless nobility or mobilized to support a claimant to the crown. These organizations were individually temporary, but
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and service of the king and all the rights he ought to have and to guard our bodies and all that we have … and we will live in peace and quiet so that when our king comes of age he will find the land well ordered and richer and better settled for his
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At one point, corregidores were chastised by the townspeople because they were unable to stop the outrages and abuses of the
Hermandad. Corregidores held posts within the Holy Brotherhood, but their power to control their chapter was limited.
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to the purpose of creating a general police force under the direction of officials appointed by themselves, and endowed with large powers of summary jurisdiction, even in capital cases. The rough and ready justice of the
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force. As the hermandad gained more legitimacy, they also gained more powers and responsibilities. Along with working as a police force and militia, they also collected taxes, acted as judges, and worked with the
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With the countryside virtually everywhere effectively in the hands of nobles, such brotherhoods throughout the High Middle Ages were frequently formed by leagues of towns to protect the roads connecting them. The
332:("the green sleeves"), since their body armour covered all but the sleeves of their green uniforms—attained a reputation of being unreliable, corrupt and negligent of the interests of the townsfolk. Modern
325:.” Complaints began to appear requesting that the powers of the Holy Brotherhood be reined in, and in 1485 police immunities were reduced and cases were brought up against the archers and judges.
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Under the reign of King
Alfonso in 1298, hermandades were used against the king because some of the towns felt that he had been abusing his power. While under the reign of
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241:"brought peace by the brilliant strategy of organizing rather than eliminating violence;" they established a centrally organized and efficient Holy Hermandad (
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rebels who had been taking land and proclaiming their leader king. The groups may have been inspired by a previously existing
Islamic police force called the
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366:. Because the hermandad was usually backed by the crown and nobles, they were able to collect money from resistant towns with force.
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to protect the towns they came from. Hermandades also curbed the actions of bandits and other criminals, becoming a kind of
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The Holy
Brotherhood was supported by the collection of taxes and by a special ability to collect wartime funding, called
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72:. Modern hermandades in Spain, some of which evolved from medieval origins, are now for the most part religious
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600:
Stewart, Paul (1975). "The Santa
Hermandad and the First Italian Campaign of Gonzalo de Córdoba, 1495-1498".
317:(1599) is quoted in Lunenfeld's book. He quotes: “God free us from the transgressions of the three Holies —
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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association of armed individuals, which became characteristic of municipal life in medieval
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became a long-standing fixture of Spain. The first recorded case of the formation of an
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continued to serve as modest local police units until their final suppression in 1835.
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were occasionally co-opted for dynastic purposes. They acted to some extent like the
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The hermandades have had an inconsistent relationship with the ruling powers of
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occurred when the towns and the peasantry of the north united to police the
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481:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 365.
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Among local communities, the Santa
Hermandad—also known colloquially as
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245:) with themselves at its head. They adapted the existing form of the
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144:. Among the most powerful was the league of northern Castilian and
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342:(roughly translated as "right on time, green sleeves!", meaning "
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in 1265, in towns seeking to “defend their interests” from
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563:Empire: how Spain became a world power, 1492-1763
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431:. (Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1975), 448.
522:. Coral Gables: University of Miami Press, 1970.
552:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1987.
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254:became famous for brutality. The original
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502:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1975.
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76:retaining only a military structure and
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278:which stated that its duties were to
233:As one of their first acts after the
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336:parlance has maintained the phrase
27:Spanish law enforcement association
520:The Council of the Santa Hermandad
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36:Posada de la Santa Hermandad, in
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235:War of the Castilian Succession
339:a buenas horas, mangas verdes!
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304:, 1637, sealed with a leaden
584:Dutch Knowledge: "Hermandad"
500:A History of Medieval Spain
429:A History of Medieval Spain
196:initially began to form in
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427:O'Callaghan, Joseph F. O.
652:Medieval history of Spain
150:Hermandad de las Marismas
53:[ˈsantaeɾmanˈdað]
358:which were granted by a
262:Relationship with rulers
647:Social history of Spain
498:O’Callaghan, Joseph F.
478:Encyclopædia Britannica
662:1835 disestablishments
344:better late than never
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239:Ferdinand and Isabella
118:Santiago de Compostela
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602:Renaissance Quarterly
388:remains a derogatory
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275:Isabella I of Castile
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364:crusading indulgence
550:Keepers of the City
548:Lunenfeld, Marvin.
518:Lunenfeld, Marvin.
321:, Brotherhood, and
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282:sovereignty
256:hermandades
210:hermandades
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641:Categories
415:References
370:Other uses
360:papal bull
84:Background
630:163644959
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473:Hermandad
385:hermandad
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247:hermandad
198:Andalusia
154:Santander
110:hermandad
95:kings of
407:Germania
400:See also
392:for the
390:nickname
350:Finances
230:money."
214:militias
170:Guetaria
90:medieval
49:Spanish:
622:2860420
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409:(guild)
374:In the
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202:Islamic
182:Vitoria
142:Germany
122:Galicia
101:Castile
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394:police
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626:S2CID
618:JSTOR
380:Dutch
362:as a
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