1251:
1219:
897:, the frequencies used by DBS services are 10.7–12.75 GHz on two polarisations H (Horizontal) and V (Vertical). This range is divided into a "low band" with 10.7–11.7 GHz, and a "high band" with 11.7–12.75 GHz. This results in two frequency bands, each with a bandwidth of about 1 GHz, each with two possible polarizations. In the LNB they become down converted to 950–2150 MHz, which is the frequency range allocated for the satellite service on the coaxial cable between LNBF and receiver. Lower frequencies are allocated to
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930:(22 kHz) to instruct the LNB to select one of the two frequency bands. In larger installations each band and polarization is given its own cable, so there are 4 cables from the LNB to a 'multiswitch' switching matrix, which allows the connection of multiple receivers to the multiswitch in a star topology using the same signalling method as in a single receiver installation.
3353:
3384:
2290:
939:
881:, and are fixed in one position, for Ku-band reception from one orbital position. Prior to the existence of direct broadcast satellite services, home users would generally have a motorised C-band dish of up to 3 m in diameter for reception of channels from different satellites. Overly small dishes can still cause problems, however, including
770:
system and allowed dishes as small as 20 inches (51 cm) to be used. This great decrease of dish size also allowed satellite dishes to be installed on vehicles. Dishes this size are still in use today. Television stations, however, still prefer to transmit their signals on the C-band analog with
921:
in the building to the LNB on the dish. The DC electric power for the LNB is provided through the same coaxial cable conductors that carry the signal to the receiver. In addition, control signals are also transmitted from the receiver to the LNB through the cable. The receiver uses different power
861:
With lower frequencies, C-band for example, dish designers have a wider choice of materials. The large size of dish required for lower frequencies led to the dishes being constructed from metal mesh on a metal framework. At higher frequencies, mesh type designs are rarer though some designs have
730:
of the LNBs fell, the size shrank to 8 feet (2.4 m) a few years later, and continued to get smaller reducing to 6 feet (1.8 m) feet by the late 1980s and 4 feet (1.2 m) by the early 1990s. Larger dishes continued to be used, however. In
December 1988,
1000:
With DiSEqC and USALS, the satellite dish will automatically aim itself at one of sixteen satellites programmed in previously when pressing one of the channel buttons on the remote. Motor-driven satellite dishes using USALS can detect other satellites in a
858:) of a dish increases as the frequency increases. The actual gain depends on many factors including surface finish, accuracy of shape, feedhorn matching. A typical value for a consumer type 60 cm satellite dish at 11.75 GHz is 37.50 dB.
1127:. This has led to trash can lids, woks, and other items being used as "dishes". Only modern low noise LNBs and the higher transmission power of DTH satellites allows a usable signal to be received from such inefficient DIY antennas.
1114:
satellites operating at higher frequencies, offering greater performance at lower cost. These antennas vary from 74 to 120 cm (29 to 47 in) in most applications though C-band VSATs may be as large as 4 m (13 ft).
706:
Christmas catalog featured the first home satellite TV stations on sale. The dishes were nearly 20 feet (6.1 m) in diameter. The satellite dishes of the early 1980s were 10 to 16 feet (3.0 to 4.9 m) in diameter and made of
1051:
However, some designs much more effectively optimize simultaneous reception from multiple different satellite positions without re-positioning the dish. The vertical axis operates as an off-axis concave parabolic concave hyperbolic
1077:
Motor-driven dishes assure better optimal focusing for the given dish size; LNB is always in central alignment with the broadcasting satellite, but DiSEqC switches are faster than DiSEqC motors as no physical movement is required.
905:, FM radio, etc. Only one of these frequency bands fits on the coaxial cable, so each of these bands needs a separate cable from the LNBF to a switching matrix or the receiver needs to select one of the 4 possibilities at a time.
1070:
Most receivers sold presently are compatible with at least DiSEqC 1.0, which can switch automatically between 4 satellites (all of contemporary
Monoblock LNBs) as the user changes channels using the remote control.
873:
downlink shows a "red signal" being received by the LNBF directly instead of being beamed to the dish, which because of its parabolic shape will collect the signal into a smaller area and deliver it to the LNBF.
1206:
997:
Motor-driven dishes come in a variety of sizes, but a dish of at least 120 centimetres (47 in) is required to receive signals from distant satellites which are intended to serve other areas.
1060:
by its varying curvature. The elliptic aperture of the primary is designed to fit the deformed illumination by the horns. Due to double spill-over, this makes more sense for a large dish.
687:
was coined in 1978 during the beginning of the satellite television industry, and came to refer to dish antennas that send and/or receive signals from communications satellites.
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1916:
1778:
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end user consumer equipment that can switch different ip streams from different SAT>IP servers and facilitates selection of reception from different satellites
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991:
1218:
2237:
1468:
1036:
Every standard-size dish enables simultaneous reception from multiple different satellite positions without re-positioning the dish, just by adding additional
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1056:, while the horizontal axis operates as a concave convex Cassegrain. The spot from the main dish wanders across the secondary, which corrects
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Any metal surface which concentrates a significant fraction of the reflected microwaves at a focus can be used as a dish antenna, at a lower
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375:
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satellite antenna, which does not use a directed parabolic dish and can be used on a mobile platform such as a vehicle was announced by the
572:
364:
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869:(low-noise block/feedhorn), the device at the front of the dish, receives the signal directly from the atmosphere. For instance, one
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first came out in the early 1980s, and were at first 10 feet (3.0 m) in diameter. As the front-end technology improved and the
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Switching between satellites is possible by using DiSEqC switches added to a satellite installation, or built-in Duo LNBs or
100:
57:
72:
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3102:
2145:
1057:
1037:
498:
250:
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1234:
965:. Professional satellite finder meters allow better dish alignment and provide received signal parameter values as well.
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3138:
3035:
2578:
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2242:
1966:
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235:
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2314:
2018:
488:
79:
695:, adapted an ex-military dish in 1976 and became the first person to receive satellite television signals using it.
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DiSEqC 1.1 allows for switching automatically between 16 satellite positions or more (through cascading switches).
877:
Modern dishes intended for home television use are generally 43 cm (18 in) to 80 cm (31 in) in
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can be controlled and rotated to face any satellite position in the sky. There are three competing standards:
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communications for both individuals and private networks for organizations. At present, most VSATs operate in
683:
Parabolic antennas referred to as "dish" antennas had been in use long before satellite television. The term
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2899:
2799:
2477:
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2358:
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1628:
1624:"Satellite TV in the car, on the move / New technology makes dish receivers small enough to fit atop an SUV"
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1002:
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is restricted to less populated regions of the world. In 2005, dish manufacturers began moving towards new
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band transmissions allowed the use of dishes as small as 90 cm for the first time. On 4 March 1996,
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2420:
2201:
1815:
1212:
The back side of an old C-band satellite dish showing the pole, mount, motor, and structure of the dish.
870:
816:
747:
for the
European market. This allowed small dishes (90 cm) to be used reliably for the first time.
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1301:
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1976:
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754:, a direct broadcasting company using medium power satellites. The relatively strong K
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Collective dishes, shared by several dwellings: satellite master antenna television (
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824:
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2457:
2095:
1469:"Old satellite dish restrictions under fire New laws urged for smaller models"
1257:
843:
dishes use an LNBF, which integrates the feedhorn with the LNB. A new form of
732:
708:
656:
563:
458:
811:
that gathers the signals at or near the focal point and 'conducts' them to a
3259:
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882:
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285:
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1800:
698:
The first satellite television dishes were built to receive signals on the
961:
used to accurately point satellite dishes at communications satellites in
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2150:
2115:
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345:
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2155:
2140:
2059:
2039:
2008:
1998:
1107:
1095:
1041:
994:, and 36 V positioners. Many receivers support all of these standards.
828:
740:
1709:
1654:
1563:"500,000 families already made PRIMESTAR their choice in satellite TV"
938:
803:. Mounted on brackets at the dish's focal point is a device called a
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2211:
2160:
2054:
2003:
1988:
1911:
1901:
1285:
1280:
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987:
894:
836:
922:
supply voltages (13 / 18 V) to select vertical / horizontal antenna
771:
large dishes due to the fact that C-band signals are less prone to
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2509:
2196:
1993:
1140:
1023:
937:
786:
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340:
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823:
to electrical signals and shifts the signals from the downlinked
3206:
2013:
1795:
913:
In a single receiver residential installation there is a single
750:
In the early 1990s, four large
American cable companies founded
711:
with an embedded layer of wire mesh or aluminium foil, or solid
581:
2310:
1804:
2452:
1730:"How to use a signal meter correctly - Satellite for caravans"
791:
Schematics of reflection principles used in parabolic antennas
739:
satellite began transmitting analog television signals on the
29:
1784:
1136:
Individual dishes serving one dwelling: Direct to Home (DTH).
1338:"Taylor Howard, 70, Pioneer In Satellite TV for the Home"
702:
analog, and were very large. The front cover of the 1979
1785:
DishPointer – Satellite dish alignment with Google Maps
1779:
European
Commission: The right to use a satellite dish
1276:
USALS = Universal
Satellites Automatic Location System
663:. The term most commonly means a dish which receives
1505:"Satellite dishes getting smaller, sharper in future"
1655:"Rain fade: satellite TV signal and adverse weather"
1143:) or communal antenna broadcast distribution (CABD).
3288:
3225:
3147:
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3068:
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2943:
2652:
2344:
2251:
2230:
2179:
2073:
2027:
1975:
1894:
1838:
1200:
Satellite dishes installed on an apartment complex.
1008:Most receivers sold at present are compatible with
807:. This feedhorn is essentially the front-end of a
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1537:"ASTRA 1A Satellite details 1988-109B NORAD 19688"
1436:"SATELLITE DISHES SURVIVE GREAT SCRAMBLE OF 1980S"
799:shape of a dish reflects the signal to the dish's
978:A dish that is mounted on a pole and driven by a
1169:satellite dish for DirecTV satellite television.
1028:Special dish for up to 16 satellite positions (K
655:designed to receive or transmit information by
2322:
2238:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
1816:
1404:"Tiny Satellite Dishes Sprout in Rural Areas"
628:
8:
1796:Online Satellite Finder Based on Google Maps
1791:Guide explaining how to self install freesat
1281:DiSEqC = Digital Satellite Equipment Control
3337:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
885:and interference from adjacent satellites.
815:or LNB. The LNB converts the signals from
3373:
2329:
2315:
2307:
1823:
1809:
1801:
1498:
1496:
1367:The Guide to United States Popular Culture
635:
621:
131:
2264:List of communication satellite companies
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1556:
1554:
2259:List of communications satellite firsts
1622:Evangelista, Benny (10 November 2003).
1503:Somerfield, Harry (30 September 1990).
1328:
1156:
1005:after one has been found and aimed at.
143:
2141:Shanghai Spacecom Satellite Technology
1926:
1531:
1529:
1336:Feder, Barnaby J. (15 November 2002).
370:Wireless electronic devices and health
1710:"News 24 STILL gets an F for physics"
862:used a solid dish with perforations.
768:direct-broadcast satellite television
665:direct-broadcast satellite television
582:Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
376:International Telecommunication Union
7:
3383:
2289:
1931:
401:Radiation sources / regions
365:Wireless device radiation and health
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1759:"SATELLITE FINDER METER - Winegard"
1681:"Team develops in-car satellite TV"
1402:Giarrusso, Michael (28 July 1996).
865:A common misconception is that the
388:World Radiocommunication Conference
1467:Brooks, Andree (10 October 1993).
766:). This was the first widely used
25:
1922:Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish
1312:Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish
1147:Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish
3382:
3372:
3363:
3362:
3351:
2972:Free-space optical communication
2288:
2277:
2276:
1249:
1233:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1174:
1159:
762:introduced Digital Sky Highway (
151:
34:
1595:Communication Technology Update
1561:Barber, Dave (18 August 1995).
1090:(VSAT). This provides two way
45:needs additional citations for
1374:: Popular Press. p. 706.
1:
3419:Radio frequency antenna types
1434:Nye, Doug (14 January 1990).
1086:A common type of dish is the
813:low-noise block downconverter
251:Low-noise block downconverter
3358:Telecommunication portal
3139:Telecommunications equipment
2243:ETSI Satellite Digital Radio
1967:Very-small-aperture terminal
1687:. 2006-05-06. Archived from
1088:very small aperture terminal
236:Counterpoise (ground system)
2875:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
2019:Digital audio radio service
1927:Motor-driven Satellite dish
1745:"How to use a sat 'finder'"
1256:Satellite dish at a hut in
489:Friis transmission equation
3445:
2579:Telecommunications history
1044:, or triple- or four-feed
917:running from the receiver
841:Direct broadcast satellite
669:direct broadcast satellite
326:Municipal wireless network
3346:
3187:Public Switched Telephone
2999:telecommunication circuit
2960:Fiber-optic communication
2705:Francis Blake (telephone)
2500:Optical telecommunication
2272:
2074:Relay satellite companies
1871:High-throughput satellite
1856:Satellite Internet access
1593:Grant, August E. (2010).
1307:Low-noise block converter
722:Satellite dishes made of
651:is a dish-shaped type of
573:Bell Laboratories Layered
27:Type of parabolic antenna
3098:Orbital angular-momentum
2535:Satellite communications
2374:Communications satellite
1832:Satellite communications
2977:Molecular communication
2800:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
2629:Undersea telegraph line
2364:Cable protection system
2180:Satellite manufacturers
1629:San Francisco Chronicle
1224:Satellite dishes above
693:San Andreas, California
661:communication satellite
606:Multiple Access (WSDMA)
604:Wideband Space Division
3429:Satellite broadcasting
3119:Communication protocol
2905:Charles Sumner Tainter
2720:Walter Houser Brattain
2665:Edwin Howard Armstrong
2473:Information revolution
1685:University of Waterloo
1033:
943:
854:The theoretical gain (
849:University of Waterloo
792:
783:Principle of operation
336:Radio masts and towers
3093:Polarization-division
2825:Narinder Singh Kapany
2790:Erna Schneider Hoover
2710:Jagadish Chandra Bose
2690:Alexander Graham Bell
2421:online video platform
1027:
941:
790:
524:Signal-to-noise ratio
359:Safety and regulation
3414:Consumer electronics
2935:Vladimir K. Zworykin
2895:Almon Brown Strowger
2865:Charles Grafton Page
2520:Prepaid mobile phone
2448:Electrical telegraph
1846:Satellite television
1599:Taylor & Francis
1364:Browne, Ray (2001).
1292:Satellite television
1054:Cassegrain reflector
959:field strength meter
509:Radiation resistance
54:improve this article
2885:Johann Philipp Reis
2644:Wireless revolution
2606:The Telephone Cases
2463:Hydraulic telegraph
2231:Trade organizations
2222:Thales Alenia Space
2035:Astra Digital Radio
2028:Broadcast companies
1957:Satellite data unit
1539:. N2YO. 9 July 2014
1513:Tuscaloosa, Alabama
1509:The Tuscaloosa News
1481:: The Baltimore Sun
1302:Parabolic reflector
963:geostationary orbit
673:geostationary orbit
3083:Frequency-division
3060:Telephone exchange
2930:Charles Wheatstone
2860:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
2835:Innocenzo Manzetti
2770:Reginald Fessenden
2505:Optical telegraphy
2338:Telecommunications
2050:Sirius XM Holdings
1941:Parabolic antennas
1372:Madison, Wisconsin
1092:satellite Internet
1034:
944:
793:
575:Space-Time (BLAST)
429:Near and far field
3396:
3395:
3134:Store and forward
3129:Data transmission
3043:Network switching
2994:Transmission line
2840:Guglielmo Marconi
2805:Internet pioneers
2670:Mohamed M. Atalla
2639:Whistled language
2304:
2303:
1861:Amateur satellite
1743:Murray, Richard.
1608:978-0-240-81475-9
1597:(10th ed.).
1568:Bangor Daily News
1474:The Baltimore Sun
1409:Los Angeles Times
1244:in a parking lot.
1226:CCTV Headquarters
1040:or using special
974:Motor-driven dish
653:parabolic antenna
645:
644:
529:Spurious emission
514:Radio propagation
504:Radiation pattern
479:Equivalent radius
474:Electrical length
381:Radio Regulations
226:Block upconverter
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3436:
3424:Antennas (radio)
3386:
3385:
3376:
3375:
3366:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3227:Notable networks
3217:Wireless network
3157:Cellular network
3149:Types of network
3124:Computer network
3011:Network topology
2925:Thomas A. Watson
2780:Oliver Heaviside
2765:Philo Farnsworth
2740:Daniel Davis Jr.
2715:Charles Bourseul
2675:John Logie Baird
2384:Data compression
2379:Computer network
2331:
2324:
2317:
2308:
2292:
2291:
2280:
2279:
2207:Northrop Grumman
1886:Carriage dispute
1825:
1818:
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1802:
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1333:
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1237:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1178:
1167:General Electric
1163:
948:satellite finder
934:Satellite finder
926:, and an on/off
637:
630:
623:
402:
316:Cellular network
256:Passive radiator
155:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
69:"Satellite dish"
62:
38:
30:
21:
18:Satellite dishes
3444:
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3342:
3284:
3221:
3143:
3107:
3064:
3013:
3005:
2946:
2939:
2845:Robert Metcalfe
2700:Tim Berners-Lee
2648:
2468:Information Age
2340:
2335:
2305:
2300:
2268:
2247:
2226:
2202:Lockheed Martin
2175:
2081:AST SpaceMobile
2069:
2023:
1977:Satellite radio
1971:
1952:Satellite modem
1947:Satellite phone
1932:Multi-satellite
1890:
1876:Relay satellite
1851:Satellite radio
1834:
1829:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1694:
1692:
1691:on May 14, 2006
1679:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1517:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1267:
1260:
1254:
1245:
1242:satellite truck
1238:
1229:
1222:
1213:
1210:
1201:
1198:
1189:
1179:
1170:
1164:
1155:
1133:
1121:
1119:Homemade dishes
1111:
1099:
1084:
1031:
1022:
1020:Multi-satellite
976:
971:
936:
911:
891:
845:omnidirectional
832:
817:electromagnetic
785:
778:
757:
744:
681:
641:
612:
611:
608:
605:
599:
595:Spread spectrum
590:Reconfiguration
577:
574:
568:
543:
535:
534:
533:
453:
452:Characteristics
445:
444:
443:
403:
400:
393:
392:
384:
378:
360:
352:
351:
350:
300:
292:
291:
290:
215:
207:
206:
205:
165:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3442:
3440:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3401:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3370:
3360:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3078:Space-division
3074:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3028:
3023:
3017:
3015:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2915:Camille Tissot
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2890:Claude Shannon
2887:
2882:
2880:Tivadar Puskás
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2850:Antonio Meucci
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2820:Charles K. Kao
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2795:Harold Hopkins
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2695:Emile Berliner
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2634:Videotelephony
2631:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2537:
2532:
2530:Radiotelephone
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2416:Internet video
2408:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2286:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1937:Satellite dish
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1866:Ground station
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1774:
1773:External links
1771:
1768:
1767:
1750:
1735:
1721:
1701:
1672:
1659:Dish-cable.com
1646:
1614:
1607:
1601:. p. 87.
1585:
1550:
1525:
1492:
1459:
1448:: Deseret News
1446:Salt Lake City
1426:
1394:
1380:
1356:
1343:New York Times
1327:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1248:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1173:
1171:
1165:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1120:
1117:
1109:
1097:
1083:
1080:
1065:Monoblock LNBs
1029:
1021:
1018:
975:
972:
970:
967:
935:
932:
910:
909:Systems design
907:
903:terrestrial TV
890:
887:
856:directive gain
830:
784:
781:
779:band signals.
776:
755:
742:
685:satellite dish
680:
677:
649:satellite dish
643:
642:
640:
639:
632:
625:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
602:
598:
597:
592:
586:
585:
584:
578:
571:
567:
566:
561:
556:
551:
545:
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
532:
531:
526:
521:
519:Radio spectrum
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
455:
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:
442:
441:
439:Vertical plane
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
405:
404:
399:
398:
395:
394:
391:
390:
385:
374:
372:
367:
361:
358:
357:
354:
353:
349:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
302:
301:
298:
297:
294:
293:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
217:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
204:
203:
198:
193:
191:Satellite dish
188:
183:
178:
173:
167:
166:
161:
160:
157:
156:
148:
147:
141:
140:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3441:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3389:
3381:
3379:
3371:
3369:
3361:
3359:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3338:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3103:Code-division
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3088:Time-division
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:and switching
3012:
3008:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2965:optical fiber
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2955:Coaxial cable
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:Radia Perlman
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:Lee de Forest
2758:
2756:
2755:Thomas Edison
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2745:Donald Davies
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Claude Chappe
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2574:Smoke signals
2572:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2552:Semiconductor
2550:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2411:Digital media
2409:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2297:
2296:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1907:Monoblock LNB
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:Main articles
1837:
1833:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1739:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1635:
1634:San Francisco
1631:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1574:
1573:Bangor, Maine
1570:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1480:
1479:Baltimore, MD
1476:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1460:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1398:
1395:
1383:
1381:9780879728212
1377:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1360:
1357:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1322:
1318:
1317:Starlink Dish
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1046:monoblock LNB
1043:
1039:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1016:1.0 and 1.2.
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1003:constellation
998:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
980:stepper motor
973:
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916:
915:coaxial cable
908:
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729:
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704:Neiman-Marcus
701:
696:
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690:
689:Taylor Howard
686:
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670:
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659:to or from a
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549:Beam steering
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311:Amateur radio
309:
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231:Coaxial cable
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74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3070:Multiplexing
2945:Transmission
2910:Nikola Tesla
2900:Henry Sutton
2855:Samuel Morse
2785:Robert Hooke
2750:Amos Dolbear
2685:John Bardeen
2604:
2584:Telautograph
2488:Mobile phone
2443:Edholm's law
2426:social media
2359:Broadcasting
2294:
2282:
2121:Intersputnik
2045:Dish Network
1936:
1753:
1738:
1724:
1713:. Retrieved
1704:
1693:. Retrieved
1689:the original
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1658:
1649:
1637:. Retrieved
1627:
1617:
1594:
1588:
1576:. Retrieved
1566:
1541:. Retrieved
1516:. Retrieved
1508:
1483:. Retrieved
1472:
1462:
1450:. Retrieved
1441:Deseret News
1439:
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1407:
1397:
1385:. Retrieved
1366:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1341:
1331:
1122:
1085:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1050:
1035:
1007:
999:
996:
977:
951:
947:
945:
924:polarization
912:
892:
876:
864:
860:
853:
794:
764:Dish Network
749:
728:noise figure
721:
697:
684:
682:
648:
646:
419:Ground plane
306:Antenna farm
190:
163:Common types
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3270:NPL network
2982:Radio waves
2920:Alfred Vail
2830:Hedy Lamarr
2815:Dawon Kahng
2775:Elisha Gray
2735:Yogen Dalal
2660:Nasir Ahmed
2594:Teleprinter
2458:Heliographs
2131:SED Systems
2065:1worldspace
1881:Transponder
1414:Los Angeles
1297:Set-top box
1271:Free-to-air
1058:astigmatism
919:set-top box
821:radio waves
801:focal point
657:radio waves
559:Beamforming
464:Directivity
414:Focal cloud
276:Transmitter
3403:Categories
3316:Antarctica
3275:Toasternet
3197:Television
2680:Paul Baran
2612:Television
2596:(teletype)
2589:Telegraphy
2567:transistor
2545:Phryctoria
2515:Photophone
2493:Smartphone
2483:Mass media
2096:Globalstar
1715:2008-04-29
1695:2008-04-29
1323:References
1258:East Timor
952:sat finder
942:Sat finder
928:pilot tone
733:Luxembourg
709:fiberglass
564:Small cell
542:Techniques
469:Efficiency
459:Array gain
214:Components
196:Television
110:April 2008
80:newspapers
3409:Broadband
3300:Americas
3289:Locations
3260:Internet2
3021:Bandwidth
2725:Vint Cerf
2622:streaming
2600:Telephone
2540:Semaphore
2431:streaming
1902:SAT>IP
1286:SAT>IP
1240:A WWE HD
956:satellite
883:rain fade
851:in 2004.
809:waveguide
797:parabolic
773:rain fade
752:PrimeStar
724:wire mesh
713:aluminium
554:Beam tilt
434:Side lobe
424:Main lobe
409:Boresight
286:Twin-lead
246:Feed line
3368:Category
3255:Internet
3245:CYCLADES
3162:Ethernet
3112:Concepts
3036:terminal
2987:wireless
2810:Bob Kahn
2653:Pioneers
2478:Internet
2369:Cable TV
2283:Category
2151:Starlink
2146:Star One
2116:Intelsat
2111:Inmarsat
2101:Hispasat
2091:Eutelsat
2086:EchoStar
1962:Spacebus
1895:Hardware
1639:7 August
1578:7 August
1518:7 August
1265:See also
1186:minidish
879:diameter
871:BBC News
805:feedhorn
760:EchoStar
737:Astra 1A
580:Massive
346:Wireless
261:Receiver
186:Monopole
145:Antennas
137:a series
135:Part of
3388:Commons
3378:Outline
3331:Oceania
3250:FidoNet
3235:ARPANET
3048:circuit
2617:digital
2346:History
2295:Commons
2166:Turksat
2156:Telesat
2126:Iridium
2060:Allente
2040:DirecTV
2014:ISDB-S3
2009:DVB-S2X
1999:DVB-RCS
1665:16 July
1543:12 July
1452:30 June
1349:19 July
1153:Gallery
1042:duo LNB
954:) is a
839:range.
835:to the
827:and/or
679:History
667:from a
321:Hotspot
299:Systems
266:Rotator
176:Fractal
94:scholar
3326:Europe
3296:Africa
3280:Usenet
3240:BITNET
3177:Mobile
3053:packet
2562:MOSFET
2557:device
2354:Beacon
2212:SpaceX
2192:Boeing
2187:Airbus
2171:Viasat
2161:Tooway
2106:Hughes
2055:Sky UK
2004:DVB-S2
1989:DVB-SH
1912:DiSEqC
1661:. 2010
1605:
1485:1 July
1419:1 July
1387:1 July
1378:
1131:Others
1104:C band
1032:-band)
1014:DiSEqC
988:DiSEqC
895:Europe
889:Europe
837:L-band
825:C-band
775:than K
700:C-band
499:Height
484:Factor
171:Dipole
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3309:South
3304:North
3265:JANET
3202:Telex
3192:Radio
3031:Nodes
3026:Links
2947:media
2525:Radio
2510:Pager
2438:Drums
2404:video
2399:image
2389:audio
2252:Lists
2197:INVAP
1994:S-DMB
1917:USALS
1762:(PDF)
1141:SMATV
1010:USALS
992:USALS
984:servo
982:or a
969:Types
899:cable
833:-band
717:steel
341:Wi-Fi
331:Radio
281:Tuner
221:Balun
101:JSTOR
87:books
3321:Asia
3207:UUCP
3167:ISDN
1667:2014
1641:2014
1603:ISBN
1580:2014
1545:2014
1520:2014
1487:2014
1454:2014
1421:2014
1389:2014
1376:ISBN
1351:2014
1125:gain
1112:band
1100:band
1082:VSAT
1012:and
950:(or
901:and
867:LNBF
795:The
745:band
494:Gain
271:Stub
241:Feed
201:Whip
181:Loop
73:news
3212:WAN
3182:NGN
3172:LAN
2453:Fax
2394:DCT
2217:SSL
2136:SES
1182:Sky
1038:LNB
893:In
819:or
735:'s
715:or
691:of
671:in
56:by
3405::
1981:TV
1979:/
1683:.
1657:.
1632:.
1626:.
1571:.
1565:.
1553:^
1528:^
1511:.
1507:.
1495:^
1477:.
1471:.
1444:.
1438:.
1412:.
1406:.
1370:.
1340:.
1188:".
1102:;
1067:.
1048:.
990:,
946:A
719:.
675:.
647:A
139:on
3339:)
3335:(
2330:e
2323:t
2316:v
1943:)
1939:(
1824:e
1817:t
1810:v
1787:.
1781:.
1764:.
1747:.
1732:.
1718:.
1698:.
1669:.
1643:.
1611:.
1582:.
1547:.
1522:.
1489:.
1456:.
1423:.
1391:.
1353:.
1228:.
1184:"
1110:a
1108:K
1098:u
1096:K
1030:u
831:u
829:K
777:u
756:u
743:u
741:K
636:e
629:t
622:v
383:)
379:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
