1483:
315:
aspirant's personality. Karma, Bhakti and Jnana Yoga are referred to as the internal yogas, as they are concerned with cultivating a positive attitude towards life's situations and the expression of creativity. Here ideas and perceptions can be transformed, based on the aspirant's experience, understanding and sadhana (sustained practice), allowing a harmonious expression of one's inner qualities.
366:
abuses in
Australia, and two witnesses alleging abuses in both Australia and India. Two witnesses alleged that Satyananda, who was no longer alive at the time of the Royal Commission, had sexually abused them; this evidence was deemed "out of scope" and "untested", and accordingly no finding was made against Satyananda in the Australian Royal Commission's final report.
369:
The psychotherapist Josna
Pakhana and the yoga teacher and researcher Jacqueline Hargreaves write that "shocking levels of abuse were deeply entrenched" in Satyananda's Mangrove Mountain ashram in Australia in the 1970s. They state that the Royal Commission "concluded that Swami Satyananda Saraswati
294:
During his stay in Rikhia, he undertook the task of constructing homes for the homeless, and established the
Rikhiapeeth ashram. Its activities are based on the three cardinal teachings of Sri Swami Sivananda ā serve, love and give through the activities of Sivananda Math, which provides free medical
365:
An
Australian Royal Commission investigated allegations of child sexual abuse at the Satyananda Yoga Ashram at Mangrove Mountain, New South Wales, Australia during the 1970s and 1980s. Alleged abuses by and against multiple individuals took place between 1974 and 1989, with eleven witnesses alleging
310:
Swami
Satyananda's teachings are based on the yoga teachings of Swami Sivananda. They emphasize an integral approach known as the Satyananda System of Yoga. They present yoga as a lifestyle to enhance the quality of life, including one's daily activities, interactions, thoughts and emotions, rather
258:
Among those who attended courses at the Bihar School of Yoga were students from abroad and students who subsequently emigrated from India. Some of these people in turn invited
Satyananda to teach in their own countries. He lectured and taught for the next twenty years, including a tour of Europe,
290:
including
Panchagni ("Five fires"), an intense spiritual practice performed outdoors surrounded by four fires under the Indian sun. It was during the Panchagni sadhana that he claimed to have received the divine mandate "Take care of your neighbours as I have taken care of you". There too, he
314:
This integral system combines six main branches of yoga. Hatha, Raja and Kriya Yoga are referred to as the external yogas, as they focus on improving the quality of body and mind, the expression of the senses and behavior. They aim at reconditioning and fine tuning the various aspects of the
221:. Sivananda initiated him into the Dashnam Order of Sannyasa on 12 September 1947 on the banks of the Ganges, and gave him the name of Swami Satyananda Saraswati. He stayed with Sivananda for a further nine years but received little further formal instruction from him.
188:. He stated that he began to have spiritual experiences at the age of six, when his awareness spontaneously left the body and he saw himself lying motionless on the floor. This experience of disembodied awareness continued, leading him to saints of that time such as
40:
291:
conducted a 12-year
Rajasooya Yajna which began in 1995 with the first Sat Chandi Maha Yajna, invoking the Cosmic Mother through a tantric ceremony. During this event, Satyananda passed on his spiritual and sannyasa responsibilities to Niranjanananda.
318:
In this way the
Satyananda system of yoga addresses the qualities of head, heart and hands ā intellect, emotion and action ā and attempts to integrate the physical, psychological and spiritual dimensions of yoga into each practice.
360:
295:
care and basic amenities to the people of Rikhia and the neighbouring villages, and supplies methods for the villagers to develop their own livelihood, thus enabling the development of a self-sustained society.
259:
Australia, New
Zealand, Japan, Singapore, North America between April and October 1968. The foreign and expatriate students also established new centres of teaching in their respective countries.
1916:
882:
864:
846:
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207:, he stated that he would become unconscious during meditation and that "One day I met a mahatma, a great saint, who was passing by my birthplace...So he told me I should find a guru."
2175:
345:. Satyananda's writings have been published by the Bihar School of Yoga and, since 2000, by the Yoga Publications Trust established by his disciple Swami Niranjanananda.
946:
370:(b. 1923, d. 2009), the founding guru, had overarching authority at the Mangrove Mountain ashram (and its centres) in his role as head of Satyananda Yoga worldwide."
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2007:
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322:
Based on the classical texts of Hatha yoga and his personal experience, Swami Satyananda presented Hatha Yoga in his widely-used and much-translated work
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at Munger, with the intention that it would act as a centre of training for future teachers of yoga as well as offer courses on yoga.
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248:. This inspired the establishment of ashrams and yoga centres spiritually guided by Swami Satyananda in India and around the world.
20:
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In 1988 Satyananda handed over the active work of his ashram and organisation to his spiritual successor,
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and directed him to find a guru to stabilise his spiritual experiences. In another version of his life in
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At age eighteen, he left his home to seek a spiritual master. In 1943, at the age of twenty, he met his
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The Laughing Swamis: Australian Sannyasin Disciples of Swami Satyananda Saraswati and Osho Rajneesh
241:
through India, extending his knowledge of spiritual practices and spending some time in seclusion.
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Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse Ā§ Mangrove Yoga Ashram
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In 1956, Sivananda sent Satyananda away to spread his teachings. Basing himself in
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2629:
2503:
881:
Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (April 2016).
863:
Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (April 2016).
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Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (April 2016).
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Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (April 2016).
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In 1962, Satyananda established the International Yoga Fellowship Movement in
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998:
Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices
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516:, Swami Yogakanti, Swami Yogawandana (eds.), 2009, Yoga Publications Trust
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2020:
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119:
514:
Past, Present and Future: consolidated history of Bihar School of Yoga
329:
Swami Satyananda's name is closely associated with the modern form of
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230:
193:
68:
1169:
947:"Satyananda Yoga Ashram is the subject of royal commission hearing"
341:
Satyananda wrote over 80 books, including his popular 1969 manual
146:
in 1964. He wrote over 80 books, including the popular 1969 manual
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127:
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1371:
International Association of Yoga Therapists ā¢ Richard Miller
1159:
921:
919:
917:
915:
176:
It is claimed that he was classically educated and studied
926:
Pankhania, Josna; Hargreaves, Jacqueline (December 2017).
636:
634:
632:
630:
389:
387:
2374:
1154:
670:
668:
655:
653:
651:
649:
900:"Yoga Ashram didn't Consider Sexual Abuse as a Crime"
735:"Paramhamsa Swami Satyananda, the Sadhana of a Sage"
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30:
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302:, i.e leaving the body at will on 5 December 2009
16:20th and 21st-century Indian yoga teacher and guru
1132:. Yoga Publications Trust, Munger, Bihar, India.
1113:. Yoga Publications Trust, Munger, Bihar, India.
1075:. Yoga Publications Trust, Munger, Bihar, India.
1056:. Yoga Publications Trust, Munger, Bihar, India.
1037:. Yoga Publications Trust, Munger, Bihar, India.
548:. Vol. 9, no. 2. Munger, Bihar, India:
165:Satyananda Saraswati was born in 1923 at Almora,
996:. In Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (eds.).
2854:Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience
311:than reducing it to a practice or philosophy.
2390:
1185:
565:"The Growth of Satyananda Yoga or Bihar Yoga"
8:
118:(25 December 1923 ā 5 December 2009), was a
3143:
2922:
2473:
2397:
2383:
2375:
2308:Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)
1494:
1211:
1192:
1178:
1170:
468:
217:and went to live at Sivananda's ashram in
38:
27:
1165:Royal Commission Findings (Case Study 21)
779:; Hargreaves, Jacqueline (January 2015).
587:
525:
502:
498:
496:
453:
441:
429:
417:
405:
393:
1000:. Vol. 4 (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO.
994:"International Yoga Fellowship Movement"
688:"International Yoga Fellowship Movement"
763:
751:
720:
708:
674:
659:
626:
583:
581:
383:
19:For other gurus called Satyananda, see
640:
274:In September 1989 he moved to Rikhia,
690:. Bihar School of Yoga. November 1964
7:
1847:Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace
1073:History of the Bihar School of Yoga
1071:Saraswati, Niranjanananda (2013b).
945:Browne, Rachel (28 November 2014).
737:. life-positive.com. Archived from
1128:Saraswati, Niranjanananda (2019).
806:"100 Best Asana Books of All Time"
134:and the West. He was a student of
14:
2110:Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga
1109:Saraswati, Shankarananda (2018).
602:. Satyananda Yoga. Archived from
21:Swami Satyananda (disambiguation)
1481:
1033:Saraswati, Dharmashakti (2011).
552:. February 2020. pp. 24ā25.
1621:Yoga and cultural appropriation
333:, a deep relaxation technique.
169:, into a family of farmers and
1052:Saraswati, Satyananda (2012).
1024:Saraswati, Satyananda (1974).
1015:Saraswati, Satyananda (1969).
483:"Panchagni ā the Bath of Fire"
286:sannyasin and performed vedic
1:
883:"Report of Case Study No. 21"
865:"Report of Case Study No. 21"
847:"Report of Case Study No. 21"
829:"Report of Case Study No. 21"
298:He entered into the state of
199:, Sukhman Giri, who gave him
1054:Rikhia, The vision of a Sage
1017:Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha
481:Saraswati, Satyasangananda.
343:Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha
324:Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha
149:Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha
563:Saraswati, Niranjanananda.
237:, Satyananda wandered as a
192:. He claimed to have met a
3355:
1609:Sexual abuse by yoga gurus
992:Melton, J. Gordon (2010).
539:"The Most Important Yogas"
357:Sexual abuse by yoga gurus
354:
18:
3245:International Day of Yoga
2364:Modern Yoginis (template)
2104:Vishnudevananda Saraswati
2026:Tirumalai Krishnamacharya
1530:Harmonial gymnastics/yoga
1479:
1397:International Day of Yoga
1090:Pidgeon, Barbara (2014).
1019:. Yoga Publication Trust.
600:"Yoga Publications Trust"
108:Swami Sivananda Saraswati
37:
3265:Yoga scholars (template)
2530:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
2359:Yoga teachers (category)
2354:Yoga scholars (template)
1862:A History of Modern Yoga
1026:Yoga From Shore To Shore
269:Niranjanananda Saraswati
251:In 1964, he founded the
205:Yoga from Shore to Shore
2903:Yogasopana Purvacatuska
2150:Satchidananda Saraswati
1901:The Path of Modern Yoga
1580:Autobiography of a Yogi
1111:50 Years of Yoga Chakra
977:. Motilal Banarsidass.
971:Aveling, Harry (1994).
3319:Scholars from Dehradun
1310:European Union of Yoga
1130:Raja Yoga for Everyone
282:. There he lived as a
2066:Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga
1574:Paramahansa Yogananda
1354:Trauma-sensitive yoga
1305:British Wheel of Yoga
953:Sydney Morning Herald
355:Further information:
173:, the warrior caste.
138:, the founder of the
3334:Modern yoga pioneers
3250:List of yoga schools
3016:Kriyayoga (Buddhist)
2847:Hatha Yoga Pradipika
2349:List of yoga schools
2220:Yoga the Iyengar Way
2124:Satyananda Saraswati
2119:Bihar School of Yoga
1855:Yoga in Modern India
1764:Lilias, Yoga and You
1567:Seetharaman Sundaram
1155:Bihar School of Yoga
928:"Culture of Silence"
550:Bihar School of Yoga
253:Bihar School of Yoga
225:Bihar School of Yoga
144:Bihar School of Yoga
116:Satyananda Saraswati
32:Satyananda Saraswati
3051:Six Yogas of Naropa
2833:Hathabhyasapaddhati
2176:Himalayan Institute
2038:T. K. V. Desikachar
2013:Swami Kuvalayananda
1827:Selvarajan Yesudian
606:on 27 December 2014
271:, and left Munger.
215:Sivananda Saraswati
140:Divine Life Society
136:Sivananda Saraswati
130:in both his native
3329:Indian Hindu monks
3324:Indian Hindu yogis
2940:Samadhi (Buddhism)
2812:Amaraugha Prabodha
2282:Beryl Bender Birch
2233:c. 1975
2064:c. 1948
2053:Srivatsa Ramaswami
1990:The Yoga Institute
1960:Breath of the Gods
1545:Genevieve Stebbins
1315:AndrƩ Van Lysebeth
908:. 4 December 2014.
766:, p. 124-129.
142:, and founded the
3339:Indian yoga gurus
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3255:Modern yoga gurus
3133:
3132:
2912:
2911:
2889:Vasishtha Samhita
2372:
2371:
2344:Asanas (template)
2339:Post-lineage yoga
1969:
1968:
1925:The Story of Yoga
1678:Frank Jude Boccio
1535:Marguerite Agniel
1505:Early modern yoga
1477:
1476:
1120:978-93-84753-48-1
1101:978-93-84030-29-2
1082:978-93-81620-41-0
1044:978-93-81620-06-9
1007:978-1-59884-204-3
984:978-8-12081-118-8
733:Srivastav, Arun.
723:, p. 60,125.
420:, pp. 10, 72
113:
112:
3346:
3144:
2923:
2896:Vimanarcanakalpa
2861:Gheranda Samhita
2774:Shaiva Siddhanta
2544:Yoga Yajnavalkya
2474:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2376:
2207:B. K. S. Iyengar
2194:Bikram Choudhury
2071:K. Pattabhi Jois
2058:Vanda Scaravelli
1870:Positioning Yoga
1722:Paddleboard Yoga
1552:Physical culture
1540:Mary Bagot Stack
1495:
1485:
1392:Competitive yoga
1360:Restorative Yoga
1342:Yoga using props
1294:Teacher training
1244:Meditation seats
1212:
1201:Yoga as exercise
1194:
1187:
1180:
1171:
1143:
1124:
1105:
1086:
1067:
1048:
1029:
1020:
1011:
988:
958:
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896:
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796:
795:
793:
791:
773:
767:
761:
755:
754:, p. 56-67.
749:
743:
742:
741:on 18 July 2011.
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
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560:
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553:
543:
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529:
523:
517:
511:
505:
500:
491:
490:
489:on 14 June 2009.
485:. Archived from
478:
472:
466:
457:
451:
445:
439:
433:
427:
421:
415:
409:
403:
397:
396:, pp. 18ā23
391:
83:
65:25 December 1923
64:
62:
42:
28:
3354:
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3349:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3288:
3221:
3200:Yoga as therapy
3166:Standing asanas
3129:
2999:
2961:
2908:
2840:Hatha Ratnavali
2797:
2740:
2662:Viparita Karani
2549:
2508:
2463:
2408:
2403:
2373:
2368:
2312:
1977:
1965:
1930:
1917:Yoga in Britain
1885:The Subtle Body
1833:
1756:Yoga for Health
1737:
1703:Phillip Moffitt
1652:
1604:Science of yoga
1587:
1486:
1473:
1426:
1401:
1380:
1348:Accessible yoga
1328:
1288:
1263:Accompaniments
1229:Standing asanas
1203:
1198:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1127:
1121:
1108:
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1092:Shakti Manifest
1089:
1083:
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1032:
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944:
943:
939:
932:The Luminescent
925:
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861:
857:
849:
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825:
821:
811:
809:
808:. BookAuthority
804:
803:
799:
789:
787:
785:The Luminescent
775:
774:
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719:
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707:
703:
693:
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686:
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673:
666:
658:
647:
643:, p. 1483.
639:
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494:
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479:
475:
471:, pp. 8ā10
469:Saraswati 2013b
467:
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81:
80:5 December 2009
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5:
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3205:Yoga for women
3202:
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3193:Hasta Vinyasas
3185:
3183:Sun Salutation
3180:
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3171:List of asanas
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2581:Lotus position
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2264:Jivamukti Yoga
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2099:Sivananda Yoga
2095:
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2088:
2086:Kino MacGregor
2083:
2078:
2073:
2062:
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2060:
2055:
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2032:Yoga Makaranda
2028:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2000:Hansa Yogendra
1997:
1985:
1983:
1971:
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1693:Jon Kabat-Zinn
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1626:In advertising
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1614:Matthew Remski
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1249:Sun Salutation
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1239:Lotus position
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1224:List of asanas
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1149:External links
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721:Pidgeon (2014)
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709:Pidgeon (2014)
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675:Aveling (1994)
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660:Aveling (1994)
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588:Saraswati 1969
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3216:Light on Yoga
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2537:Yoga Vasistha
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2525:
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2523:Bhagavad Gita
2520:
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2505:
2502:
2501:and sometimes
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2229:Dharma Mittra
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2213:Light on Yoga
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2145:Integral Yoga
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2018:
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2008:Kaivalyadhama
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1995:Shri Yogendra
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1952:Enlighten Up!
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1909:Roots of Yoga
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1414:Asana Journal
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1322:Yoga Alliance
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888:. p. 31.
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71:, Uttarakhand
70:
57:
53:
48:
44:In later life
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
3281:Yoga Journal
3279:
3272:
3238:Mindful Yoga
3233:Yoga hybrids
3214:
3161:Downward dog
3026:Anuttarayoga
2954:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2819:Amritasiddhi
2817:
2810:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2500:
2427:Five sheaths
2422:Three bodies
2295:Anusara Yoga
2258:Forrest Yoga
2250:Sarah Powers
2245:Paul Grilley
2218:
2211:
2202:Iyengar Yoga
2168:Stephen Cope
2158:Kripalu Yoga
2123:
2108:
2076:Mysore style
2030:
1958:
1950:
1942:
1923:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1893:Selling Yoga
1891:
1883:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1853:
1845:
1822:Switzerland
1778:Lyn Marshall
1762:
1754:
1688:Janice Gates
1683:Anne Cushman
1673:Mindful Yoga
1648:Yoga tourism
1631:For children
1578:
1515:
1421:Yoga Journal
1419:
1412:
1376:Janice Gates
1234:Downward dog
1129:
1110:
1094:. Westland.
1091:
1072:
1053:
1035:Mere Aradhya
1034:
1025:
1016:
997:
973:
950:
940:
931:
905:The Guardian
903:
894:
876:
858:
840:
834:. p. 9.
822:
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800:
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784:
777:Birch, Jason
771:
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747:
739:the original
728:
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682:
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604:the original
594:
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558:
545:
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528:, p. 17
521:
513:
509:
487:the original
476:
449:
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337:Publications
328:
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209:
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175:
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126:teacher and
115:
114:
82:(2009-12-05)
25:
3314:2009 deaths
3309:1923 births
3148:As exercise
3046:Yantra yoga
3041:Devata yoga
2950:Anapanasati
2793:Sexual Yoga
2714:Kapalabhati
2684:Sama vritti
2635:Surat Shabd
2561:Eight limbs
2491:Bhakti yoga
2478:Three Yogas
2414:Subtle body
2334:Modern yoga
2300:John Friend
2240:Paulie Zink
2189:Bikram Yoga
2163:Amrit Desai
2132:Ananda Yoga
2043:A. G. Mohan
1728:Aerial yoga
1557:B. C. Ghosh
1510:Vivekananda
1160:Rikhiapeeth
781:"YoganidrÄ"
610:27 December
456:, p. 3
408:, p. 8
300:Mahasamadhi
284:paramahamsa
263:Rikhiapeeth
246:Rajnandgaon
167:Uttaranchal
3303:Categories
3260:Yoga Nidra
3066:Karmamudra
3031:Sahajayana
2803:Hatha yoga
2769:Mahasiddha
2689:Shatkarmas
2640:Aghor Yoga
2593:Pratyahara
2514:Philosophy
2496:Jnana yoga
2486:Karma yoga
2329:Hatha yoga
2306:2006
2293:1997
2287:Bryan Kest
2277:Power Yoga
2275:1995
2262:1984
2256:1982
2227:1975
2200:1975
2187:1973
2181:Swami Rama
2174:1971
2156:1966
2143:1966
2137:Kriyananda
2130:1965
2117:1963
2097:1959
2081:Tim Miller
2048:Indra Devi
2019:1934
2006:1924
1988:1918
1957:2012
1949:2009
1941:2006
1922:2020
1914:2019
1906:2017
1898:2016
1890:2015
1875:2010
1867:2005
1852:2004
1844:1996
1742:By country
1726:2014
1720:2013
1709:2003
1671:1990
1667:Naked yoga
1665:1938
1562:K. V. Iyer
1514:1896
1462:Yoga pants
1440:Yoga brick
1366:Yoga nidra
1364:2008
1358:2007
1352:2002
1346:1979
1301:Standards
570:9 December
374:References
331:yoga nidra
186:Upanishads
171:kshatriyas
161:Early life
61:1923-12-25
3269:Journals
3103:Mahamudra
3021:Caryayoga
3005:Vajrayana
2978:Yogachara
2945:Vipassana
2927:Theravada
2786:Kundalini
2781:Laya Yoga
2719:Bhastrika
2657:Mahamudra
2588:Pranayama
2504:RÄja yoga
1878:Yoga Body
1733:Beer yoga
1698:Cyndi Lee
1636:For women
1517:Raja Yoga
1467:Lululemon
1272:Pranayama
1254:Tree pose
622:Secondary
306:Teachings
280:Jharkhand
239:mendicant
219:Rishikesh
201:shaktipat
156:Biography
3088:Mahayoga
2967:Mahayana
2918:Buddhism
2679:Kumbhaka
2554:Concepts
2469:Hinduism
2447:Sushumna
2235:Yin Yoga
2021:Viniyoga
1711:Acroyoga
1599:Hot yoga
1445:Yoga mat
1406:Journals
790:11 March
288:sadhanas
197:bhairavi
184:and the
178:Sanskrit
89:Religion
50:Personal
3226:Related
3188:VinyÄsa
3178:Drishti
3123:Shingon
3098:Atiyoga
3093:Anuyoga
2935:Samatha
2736:SÄdhanÄ
2724:Trataka
2625:Pranava
2608:Samadhi
2598:DhÄraį¹Ä
2452:Pingala
2317:Related
1975:Schools
1790:Germany
1772:Britain
1749:America
1658:Hybrids
1592:Aspects
1491:History
1334:Therapy
1277:VinyÄsa
1267:Drishti
1259:Warrior
964:Sources
379:Primary
276:Deoghar
194:tantric
120:Sanyasi
3139:Modern
3119:Japan
3113:Tangmi
3109:China
3037:Tibet
3012:India
2988:Tendai
2984:Japan
2974:India
2764:Siddhi
2759:Yogini
2746:Tantra
2699:Dhauti
2652:Bandha
2647:Mudras
2620:Mantra
2603:Dhyana
2571:Niyama
2432:Chakra
1810:Sweden
1805:Russia
1785:France
1385:Events
1216:Asanas
1208:Topics
1136:
1117:
1098:
1079:
1060:
1041:
1004:
981:
812:26 May
231:Munger
180:, the
69:Almora
3210:Props
3156:Asana
3081:Phowa
3076:Bardo
3071:Milam
3056:Tummo
2993:Zazen
2731:Tapas
2709:Basti
2704:Nauli
2674:Nyasa
2615:KriyÄ
2576:Asana
2459:Prana
1980:Gurus
1935:Films
1838:Books
1825:1941
1814:2015
1800:Italy
1795:India
1776:1976
1761:1970
1753:1961
1498:Early
1432:Props
886:(PDF)
868:(PDF)
850:(PDF)
832:(PDF)
694:4 May
542:(PDF)
235:Bihar
182:Vedas
132:India
93:Hindu
3061:Ćsel
2754:Yogi
2694:Neti
2667:List
2630:Nada
2566:Yama
2437:Nadi
2406:Yoga
2324:Yoga
1944:Guru
1716:Doga
1134:ISBN
1115:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1077:ISBN
1058:ISBN
1039:ISBN
1002:ISBN
979:ISBN
951:The
814:2019
792:2022
696:2019
612:2014
572:2009
546:Yoga
359:and
212:guru
128:guru
124:yoga
104:Guru
77:Died
55:Born
2442:Ida
3305::
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930:.
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