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Sayings of Jesus on the cross

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was hyssop wrapped in yarn that was used to sprinkle blood and water upon the lepers (Leviticus 14) and on the ceremonially unclean (Numbers 19) so that they might be made clean again. When David offered his prayer of confession in Psalm 51, he cried out to God, 'Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean' (verse 7); and the writer of Hebrews notes that after Moses gave the people the commandments, 'he took the blood of calves and goats, with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, and sprinkled both the scroll itself and all the people, saying, "This is the blood of the covenant that God has ordained for you.
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Others see these words in the context of Psalm 22 and suggest that Jesus recited these words, perhaps even the whole psalm, "that he might show himself to be the very Being to whom the words refer; so that the Jewish scribes and people might examine and see the cause why he would not descend from the
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suggests that John has redacted Jesus' authentic statements as recorded in Matthew, Mark and Luke. Where Matthew and Mark have Jesus quote Psalm 22:1, John records that "in order that the Scripture may be fulfilled, Jesus said, 'I am thirsty'." Jesus' final words as recorded in Luke are simplified in
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considers the seven sayings weakly rooted in tradition and sees them as a part of the elaborations in the diverse retellings of Jesus' final hours. He does, however, argue in favour of the authenticity of the Mark/Matthew saying, in which Jesus seems to describe himself as forsaken by God. This would
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adopted by the General Conference of 1964 presented two services for Good Friday: a Three Hours' Service for the afternoon and a Good Friday evening service that includes the "Adoration at the Cross" (the Gospel, Deprecations, and Adoration of the Cross) but omits a communion service, which would be
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A seemingly simple change in punctuation in this saying has been the subject of doctrinal differences among Christian groups, given the lack of punctuation in the original Greek texts. Catholics and most Protestant Christians usually use a version which reads "today you will be with me in Paradise".
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Once again we find John using a small detail to point to something of deeper significance. God had commanded that hyssop branches be used to sprinkle the blood of the Passover lamb above the doors of the dwellings of the Israelites when the firstborn of the Egyptians were killed (Exodus 12:22). It
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This saying is taken by some as an abandonment of the Son by the Father. Another interpretation holds that at the moment when Jesus took upon himself the sins of humanity, the Father had to turn away from the Son because the Father is "of purer eyes than to see evil and cannot look at wrong"
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This first saying of Jesus on the cross is traditionally called "The Word of Forgiveness". It is theologically interpreted as Jesus' prayer for forgiveness for the Roman soldiers who were crucifying him and all others who were involved in his crucifixion.
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Jesus also addresses his mother as "woman" in John 2:4. Although this sounds dismissive in English, the Greek word is a term of respect or tenderness. Catholic commentators, on the basis of these two passages, often connect Mary with the "woman" of
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The 'Three Hours' Devotion, borrowed from Roman usage, with meditation on the 'seven last words' from the Cross, and held from 12 till 3, when our Lord hung on the Cross, is a service of Good Friday that meets with increasing acceptance among the
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When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son! Then saith he to the disciple, Behold thy mother! And from that hour that disciple took her unto his own
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The utterance after consuming the beverage and immediately before death is mentioned, but not explicitly quoted, in Mark 15:37 and Matthew 27:50 (both of which state that Jesus "cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost").
19: 766:). Other theologians understand the cry as that of one who was truly human and who felt forsaken. Put to death by his foes, very largely deserted by his friends, he may have also felt deserted by God. 326:
sees the number seven as significant, as the number of perfection in the Bible. He writes that as God created the world in seven days, "these seven words belong to God's completion of that creation".
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branch. This may have been intended as symbolically significant, as hyssop branches are often mentioned in the Old Testament in the context of the use of sacrificial blood for ritual purification.
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In the following table, the seven sayings are arranged according to their traditional order. However, all seven sayings cannot be found in any one account of Jesus' crucifixion. The ordering is a
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This statement is traditionally called "The Word of Triumph" and is theologically interpreted as the announcement of the end of the earthly life of Jesus, in anticipation for the Resurrection.
891::5, this saying, which is an announcement and not a request, is traditionally called "The Word of Reunion" and is theologically interpreted as the proclamation of Jesus joining 1011: 107: 2883: 561:
And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?
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have used a reading which emphasizes "I say to you today", leaving open the possibility that the statement was made today, but arrival in Heaven may be later.
811::21, "in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink"; hence the quotation from John's gospel includes the comment "that the scripture might be fulfilled". The 83:, he speaks to his mother, says he thirsts, and declares the end of his earthly life. This is an example of the Christian approach to the construction of a 555: 408:
This saying is traditionally called "The Word of Salvation". According to the Gospel of Luke, Jesus was crucified between two thieves (traditionally named
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suggests that Luke may have deliberately excluded this saying from his gospel because it did not fit in with the model of Jesus he was presenting.
416:), one of whom supports Jesus' innocence and asks him to remember him when he comes into his kingdom. Jesus replies, "Verily I say unto thee..." ( 572:
And the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?
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And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.
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This is the only saying which appears in more than one gospel. In both accounts, the words spoken by Jesus have been transliterated from
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This statement is traditionally called "The Word of Distress" and is compared and contrasted with the encounter of Jesus with the
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The History of Scotland: During the Life of Queen Mary, and Until the Accession of Her Son James to the Crown of England
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After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst.
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When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.
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Jesus therefore, when he had taken the vinegar, said: It is consummated. And bowing his head, he gave up the ghost.
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Only John records this saying, but all four gospels relate that Jesus was offered a drink of sour wine (possibly
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have argued that it was omitted by some scribes because of anti-Judaic sentiment around the second century.
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cross; namely, because this very psalm showed that it was appointed that he should suffer these things."
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Missionar Christian Friedrich Schwartz: sein Leben und Wirken aus Briefen des Halleschen Missionsarchivs
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In the next verse, in both accounts, some who hear Jesus' cry imagine that he is calling for help from
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Christman, A. R. (2010). "The Early Church". In Buckley, J.; Bauerschmidt, F. C.; Pomplun, T. (eds.).
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cross-references Psalm 22:15: "my palate is drier than a potsherd, and my tongue is stuck to my jaw".
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John Hus: The Commencement of Resistance to Papal Authority on the Part of the Inferior Clergy
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Some early manuscripts do not include this sentence in Luke 23:34. Biblical scholars such as
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Bernini and the Idealization of Death: The Blessed Ludovica Albertoni and the Altieri Chapel
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This statement is traditionally called "The Word of Relationship" and in it Jesus entrusts
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And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise.
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of the texts from each of the four canonical gospels. Three of the sayings appear only in
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McWilliams, Warren (1998). "Passion Narrative". In Mills, W. E.; Bullard, R. A. (eds.).
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The words of Luke 23:46, or the fuller Psalm 31:5, have subsequently been attributed as
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This statement of Jesus is interpreted by John as fulfilment of the prophecy given in
3316: 3060: 3045: 2823: 2801: 2769: 2594: 2427: 1401:(1998). "From Enthymeme to Theology in Luke 11:1–13". In Thompson, Richard P. (ed.). 943: 927: 707: 630: 535: 1880: 598:). In both cases, σαβαχθανί seems to be the Greek transliteration of Aramaic שבקתני 3183: 3161: 3134: 3006: 2963: 2602: 2414: 2400: 991: 827: 679:, 'to allow, to permit, to forgive, and to forsake', with the perfect tense ending 491: 343: 29: 1375:
Why Are There Differences in the Gospels? What We Can Learn from Ancient Biography
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The Wounded Word: A Brief Meditation on the Seven Sayings of Christ on the Cross
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In deine Hände befehle ich meinen Geist, du hast mich erlöset, du getreuer Gott!
987: 919: 621:) "abandon", which exists only in Aramaic. The Hebrew counterpart to this word, 480: 386: 316: 91: 3188: 2688: 979: 469: 103: 586:
into Greek, and there are slight differences between the two versions (Mark:
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Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to Saint Matthew
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This reading assumes a direct voyage to Heaven and has no implications of
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Since the 16th century, these sayings have been widely used in sermons on
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Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do.
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Seeds and Sheaves: Or, Words of Scripture; Their History and Fruits
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Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise.
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Jesus in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia, Volume 1
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Greenspahn, Frederick E. 2003. An introduction to Aramaic. P.25
864:). The verse has also been translated as "It is consummated." 141:
Quotations here and throughout this article are taken from the
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the Methodist equivalent of the Mass of the Presanctified.
1656:. The Anchor Bible. Doubleday & Company. p. 99. 1134:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 627. 106:, and other Christian traditions. Several composers have 2532: 902:, especially those considered pious Christians, such as 277:
Traditionally, these seven sayings are called words of:
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1. Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do
2382:(in German). Erlangen: Andreas Deichert. p. 381. 1528:"Did Jesus Pray 'Father Forgive Them' from the Cross?" 168:
Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do.
468:. On the other hand, some Protestants who believe in 451: 753: 733: 683:(2nd person singular: 'you'), and the object suffix 3224: 3143: 3069: 2992: 2949: 2892: 2822: 2588: 2236:. Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 39. 436: 417: 307:, a Christian meditation that is often used during 2426: 1754:Hebrew Union College –Jewish Institute of Religion 1649: 1100:An Introduction to the New Testament for Catholics 431:), followed with the only appearance of the word " 1453:Reading Luke-Acts: Dynamics of Biblical Narrative 1075:International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Vol. 4 1012:Musical settings of sayings of Jesus on the cross 346:, and hence would likely not have been invented. 48:) are seven expressions biblically attributed to 16:Seven expressions of Jesus during his crucifixion 641:), attributed in some Jewish interpretations to 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 875: 837: 777: 570: 559: 501: 396: 369: 2884:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 1719:Davies, William D. and Dale C. Allison. 1997. 1480:. Pontifical Biblical Institute. p. 215. 1242:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 190–191. 852:The Greek word translated "It is finished" is 645:himself, but rather the version in an Aramaic 476:3. Woman, behold, thy son! Behold, thy mother! 2548: 2497:The Seven Sayings of the Saviour on the Cross 2463:. Glasgow: Pickering & Inglis Publishers. 1931:"What does the Greek word 'tetelestai' mean?" 1792:. Nashville, TN: Broadman Press. p. 34. 1377:(Oxford University Press, 2017), pp. 165–166. 872:7. Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit 550:4. My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? 59:The seven sayings are gathered from the four 8: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1405:. Mercer University Press. pp. 200–01. 1206: 1204: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1119: 257:Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit. 79:, and commends his spirit to the Father. In 2138:The Life and Martyrdom of St. Thomas Becket 1501:Cox, Steven L.; Easley, Kendell H. (2007). 1478:Luke's Presentation of Jesus: A Christology 393:2. To day shalt thou be with me in paradise 214:My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? 2879:New Testament places associated with Jesus 2874:Historical background of the New Testament 2555: 2541: 2533: 1999:. Edinburgh: Johnstone, Hunter: 117. 1879. 1068: 1066: 1064: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1056: 1054: 1052: 556:My God, my God, why hast Thou forsaken me? 2179:Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge 2063:. Kregel Publications. pp. 118–124. 1908:. Darton, Longman & Todd. John 19:28. 75:, he forgives his killers, reassures the 3206:Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew) 2476:A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture 2461:The Seven Sayings of Christ on the Cross 1505:. Holman Bible Publishers. p. 234. 1430:. Mercer University Press. p. 648. 147: 18: 1881:"Expositor's Greek Testament – John 19" 1341: 1339: 1048: 653:in their translations of the Psalm 22. 2025:. Gould and Lincoln. pp. 282–284. 1565:The Blackwell Companion to Catholicism 2143:Longman, Brown, Green, & Longmans 1676: 1627:. Taylor & Francis. p. 201. 1276:The Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 13 629:), is seen in the second line of the 7: 1652:The Gospel According to John (i–xii) 1567:. Blackwell Publishing. p. 48. 743: 723: 2516:The Seven Last Words From The Cross 2019:Thompson, Augustus Charles (1869). 605:Both versions can be said to be in 130:. One other saying appears both in 3197:(traditional maternal grandfather) 3191:(traditional maternal grandmother) 1297:. Emmaus Road Press. p. 190. 1032:Life of Jesus in the New Testament 14: 2468:Knecht, Friedrich Justus (1910). 1953:"Douay-Rheims Bible – John 19:30" 1733:The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon 1322:. Burns & Oates. p. 11. 1162:. HarperCollins. pp. 69–70. 1102:. Liturgical Press. p. 153. 3297: 3296: 2429:Last words of saints and sinners 2208:The Life of Christopher Columbus 1812:"Pulpit Commentary – Mark 15:34" 1455:. John Knox Press. p. 201. 690:In Hebrew, the saying would be " 518:, his mother, into the care of " 145:, except where otherwise noted. 25:Crucifixion, seen from the Cross 3328:New Testament words and phrases 3203:(paternal grandfather per Luke) 2518:. Eerdmans Publishing Company. 2232:Perlove, Shelley Karen (1990). 2061:Psalms: A Devotional Commentary 1848:. Abingdon Press. p. 111. 1846:24 Hours That Changed the World 1526:Ehrman, Bart (March 24, 2019). 1077:. Eerdmans Press. p. 426. 692:אֵלִי אֵלִי, לָמָה עֲזַבְתָּנִי 609:rather than in closely related 46:Seven Last Words from the Cross 2907:Quest for the historical Jesus 2459:Anderson-Berry, David (1871). 1902:Jones, Alexander, ed. (1966). 1790:The Cross in the New Testament 1624:Who's Who in the New Testament 1428:Mercer Dictionary of the Bible 1350:. Eerdmans. pp. 779–781. 1073:Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1988). 151:Sayings of Jesus on the cross 1: 1403:Literary Studies in Luke-Acts 1254:Interestingly, the Methodist 1239:Echoes from Calvary, Volume 1 687:(1st person singular: 'me'). 667:The Aramaic word form שבקתני 520:the disciple whom Jesus loved 303:The sayings form part of the 71:, Jesus cries out to God. In 42:sayings of Jesus on the cross 33: 1187:. Xulon Press. p. 134. 854: 754: 734: 443: 424: 357:John into "It is finished." 1476:O'Toole, Robert F. (2004). 1318:Radcliffe, Timothy (2005). 1000:Christian Friedrich Schwarz 900:last words of famous people 791:Samaritan woman at the well 755:ʾalāh ʾalāh lǝmānā šǝḇaqtān 452: 273:Theological interpretations 3356: 2857:Five Discourses of Matthew 2514:Rutledge, Fleming (2004). 2483:Long, Simon Peter (1966). 2203:Abbott, John Stevens Cabot 1648:Brown, Raymond E. (1966). 1621:Brownrigg, Ronald (2005). 1346:Dunn, James G. D. (2003). 860: 710:pronunciation), while the 594: 589:Ἐλωΐ, Ἐλωΐ, λαμὰ σαβαχθανί 588: 553: 532:woman clothed with the sun 437: 418: 3292: 2570: 2314:. Edinburgh. p. 453. 2055:Lockyer, Herbert (1993). 1451:Kurz, William S. (1993). 1215:. ABC-CLIO. p. 645. 1132:Jesus: The Complete Guide 1098:Kelly, Joseph F. (2006). 691: 622: 614: 3084:In comparative mythology 1211:Houlden, Leslie (2003). 714:phrase according to the 602:meaning "forsaken me". 595:Ἠλί, Ἠλί, λεμὰ σαβαχθανί 484:Crucifixion depicted as 108:set the sayings to music 3237:Interactions with women 2433:. Grand Rapids, Mich.: 2406:The Lives of the Saints 2169:Wratislaw, Albert Henry 1844:Hamilton, Adam (2009). 1236:Young, Richard (2005). 1183:McCrocklin, W. (2006). 1130:Holden, Leslie (2006). 696:ēlī ēlī, lāmā 'azabtānī 196:Woman, behold thy son! 3247:Mary, sister of Martha 2867:Oral gospel traditions 1993:The Christian Treasury 1788:Conner, W. T. (1954). 1503:Harmony of the Gospels 1293:Majernik, Jan (2005). 956:Henry, Duke of Suffolk 885: 847: 835: 787: 639:ēlī ēlī lāmā 'azabtānī 580: 569: 512: 499: 490:with the Virgin Mary, 406: 379: 143:King James translation 44:(sometimes called the 37: 2974:Life of Christ Museum 2969:Life of Christ in art 1017:Stations of the Cross 976:Turibius of Mogrovejo 832:Crucifixion of Christ 826: 744:ܐܠܗܝ ܐܠܗܝ ܠܡܢܐ ܫܒܩܬܢܝ 735:ʔēl ʔēl lǝmā šǝḇaqtān 704:eli eli lama azavtani 671:is based on the verb 483: 322:The Dominican author 305:Stations of the Cross 22: 3323:Crucifixion of Jesus 2790:Sayings on the cross 2748:Entry into Jerusalem 1989:"A Wonderful Prayer" 1865:' (Hebrews 9:19–20). 1532:The Bart Ehrman Blog 1027:Crucifixion of Jesus 964:Mary, Queen of Scots 936:Christopher Columbus 724:ܐܝܠܝ ܐܝܠܝ ܠܡܐ ܫܒܩܬܢܝ 613:because of the verb 3279:Race and appearance 3217:(traditional uncle) 3123:Jesus the Splendour 2765:Agony in the Garden 2680:Sermon on the Mount 2435:Kregel Publications 2211:. Dodd & Mead. 1905:The Jerusalem Bible 960:Thomas of Villanova 954:(1554), her father 738:(Matthew 27:46) or 200:Behold thy mother! 3264:Rejection of Jesus 2941:Christ myth theory 2758:Farewell Discourse 1750:2014-04-13 at the 1738:2010-04-19 at the 1723:. Vol. III. p. 624 1679:, pp. 107–109 1399:Robbins, Vernon K. 1160:Jesus, Interrupted 1037:Three Hours' Agony 940:Ludovica Albertoni 912:Philip the Apostle 836: 540:veneration of Mary 500: 447:, originally from 435:" in the gospels ( 126:and three only in 38: 3310: 3309: 3232:Language of Jesus 3179:Brothers of Jesus 3051:Session of Christ 2927:Mara bar Serapion 2728:Great Commandment 2623:Flight into Egypt 2444:978-0-8254-3102-9 2306:Carruthers, James 2243:978-0-271-00684-0 2218:978-0-7222-8370-7 2188:978-0-7905-6158-5 2070:978-0-8254-9742-1 1855:978-0-687-46555-2 1574:978-1-4443-3732-7 1512:978-0-8054-9444-0 1371:Michael R. Licona 1185:Jesus of Nazareth 1169:978-0-06-117393-6 1109:978-0-8146-5216-9 910:. These include 819:6. It is finished 752: 732: 361:The seven sayings 324:Timothy Radcliffe 270: 269: 61:canonical gospels 3345: 3333:Sayings of Jesus 3300: 3299: 3175:(alleged father) 3029:Person of Christ 2902:Historical Jesus 2733:Olivet Discourse 2661:Great Commission 2557: 2550: 2543: 2534: 2529: 2510: 2488: 2479: 2473: 2464: 2448: 2432: 2423:Lockyer, Herbert 2418: 2387: 2386: 2374:Germann, Wilhelm 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2284: 2278: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2247: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2087: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2052: 2027: 2026: 2016: 2001: 2000: 1985: 1979: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1960: 1949: 1943: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1927: 1921: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1899: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1841: 1835: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1785: 1779: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1763: 1757: 1745:Targum Psalms 22 1730: 1724: 1717: 1711: 1708: 1702: 1697: 1691: 1686: 1680: 1674: 1668: 1667: 1655: 1645: 1639: 1638: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1596: 1590: 1585: 1579: 1578: 1560: 1547: 1542: 1536: 1535: 1523: 1517: 1516: 1498: 1492: 1491: 1473: 1467: 1466: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1423: 1417: 1416: 1395: 1389: 1384: 1378: 1368: 1362: 1361: 1348:Jesus Remembered 1343: 1334: 1333: 1320:Seven Last Words 1315: 1309: 1308: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1268: 1262: 1261: 1233: 1227: 1226: 1208: 1199: 1198: 1180: 1174: 1173: 1152: 1146: 1145: 1127: 1114: 1113: 1095: 1089: 1088: 1070: 1022:Aramaic of Jesus 968:Aloysius Gonzaga 883: 863: 862: 857: 845: 785: 757: 747: 745: 737: 727: 725: 693: 624: 616: 597: 596: 591: 590: 578: 567: 510: 455: 446: 440: 439: 430: 421: 420: 404: 377: 340:an embarrassment 243:It is finished. 148: 35: 3355: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3343: 3342: 3313: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3288: 3220: 3139: 3071:In other faiths 3065: 2988: 2984:Transfiguration 2945: 2888: 2818: 2718:Transfiguration 2592: 2584: 2566: 2561: 2526: 2513: 2507: 2499:. Baker Books. 2491: 2482: 2467: 2458: 2455: 2453:Further reading 2445: 2421: 2399: 2396: 2391: 2390: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2359: 2355: 2347: 2343: 2335: 2331: 2323: 2319: 2304: 2303: 2299: 2291: 2287: 2279: 2275: 2267: 2263: 2255: 2251: 2244: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2219: 2201: 2200: 2196: 2189: 2167: 2166: 2162: 2154: 2150: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2118: 2114: 2106: 2102: 2094: 2090: 2082: 2078: 2071: 2054: 2053: 2030: 2018: 2017: 2004: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1975: 1971: 1958: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1946: 1936: 1934: 1929: 1928: 1924: 1917: 1913: 1901: 1900: 1896: 1886: 1884: 1876: 1875: 1871: 1862: 1856: 1843: 1842: 1838: 1831: 1827: 1817: 1815: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1787: 1786: 1782: 1772: 1770: 1767:"Habakkuk 1:13" 1765: 1764: 1760: 1752:Wayback Machine 1740:Wayback Machine 1731: 1727: 1718: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1698: 1694: 1687: 1683: 1675: 1671: 1664: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1635: 1620: 1619: 1615: 1605: 1603: 1598: 1597: 1593: 1586: 1582: 1575: 1562: 1561: 1550: 1543: 1539: 1525: 1524: 1520: 1513: 1500: 1499: 1495: 1488: 1475: 1474: 1470: 1463: 1450: 1449: 1445: 1438: 1425: 1424: 1420: 1413: 1397: 1396: 1392: 1385: 1381: 1369: 1365: 1358: 1345: 1344: 1337: 1330: 1317: 1316: 1312: 1305: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1270: 1269: 1265: 1256:Book of Worship 1250: 1235: 1234: 1230: 1223: 1210: 1209: 1202: 1195: 1182: 1181: 1177: 1170: 1156:Ehrman, Bart D. 1154: 1153: 1149: 1142: 1129: 1128: 1117: 1110: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1085: 1072: 1071: 1050: 1045: 1008: 916:Basil the Great 884: 881: 874: 846: 843: 821: 813:Jerusalem Bible 786: 783: 776: 700:Biblical Hebrew 579: 576: 568: 565: 558: 552: 511: 508: 478: 458:paradise garden 405: 402: 395: 378: 375: 368: 363: 332: 275: 116: 54:his crucifixion 17: 12: 11: 5: 3353: 3352: 3349: 3341: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3315: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3304: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3250: 3249: 3244: 3242:Mary Magdalene 3234: 3228: 3226: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3212: 3207: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3170: 3165: 3164:(legal father) 3159: 3153: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3126: 3125: 3115: 3110: 3109: 3108: 3098: 3097: 3096: 3086: 3081: 3075: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3037: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3016: 3015: 3014: 3009: 2998: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2955: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2943: 2938: 2937: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2909: 2898: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2870: 2869: 2864: 2862:Gospel harmony 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2828: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2805: 2804: 2794: 2793: 2792: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2761: 2760: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2677: 2676: 2675: 2665: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2605: 2599: 2597: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2582: 2580:List of topics 2577: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2560: 2559: 2552: 2545: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2524: 2511: 2505: 2489: 2487:. Baker Books. 2480: 2465: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2449: 2443: 2419: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2365: 2353: 2341: 2329: 2317: 2297: 2285: 2273: 2261: 2249: 2242: 2224: 2217: 2194: 2187: 2160: 2148: 2145:. p. 331. 2124: 2112: 2100: 2088: 2076: 2069: 2028: 2002: 1980: 1969: 1944: 1922: 1911: 1894: 1869: 1854: 1836: 1825: 1803: 1780: 1758: 1756: 1755: 1725: 1712: 1703: 1692: 1681: 1669: 1662: 1640: 1633: 1613: 1591: 1580: 1573: 1548: 1537: 1518: 1511: 1493: 1486: 1468: 1461: 1443: 1436: 1418: 1411: 1390: 1379: 1363: 1356: 1335: 1328: 1310: 1303: 1285: 1263: 1249:978-0742543843 1248: 1228: 1221: 1200: 1193: 1175: 1168: 1147: 1140: 1115: 1108: 1090: 1083: 1047: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1007: 1004: 984:George Herbert 972:Torquato Tasso 952:Lady Jane Grey 948:George Wishart 914:(died AD 80), 893:God the Father 879: 873: 870: 841: 820: 817: 781: 775: 772: 758:(Mark 15:34). 712:Syriac-Aramaic 574: 563: 554:Main article: 551: 548: 506: 498:, 19th century 477: 474: 400: 394: 391: 373: 367: 364: 362: 359: 354:Michael Licona 348:Leslie Houlden 331: 328: 301: 300: 297: 294: 291: 288: 285: 282: 274: 271: 268: 267: 265: 262: 260: 258: 254: 253: 250: 248: 246: 244: 240: 239: 236: 234: 232: 230: 226: 225: 223: 221: 218: 215: 211: 210: 207: 205: 203: 201: 193: 192: 190: 187: 185: 183: 179: 178: 176: 173: 171: 169: 165: 164: 161: 158: 155: 152: 115: 112: 85:gospel harmony 77:penitent thief 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3351: 3350: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3303: 3295: 3294: 3291: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3274:Mental health 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3239: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3094:In the Talmud 3092: 3091: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3062: 3061:Cosmic Christ 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3046:Second Coming 3044: 3042: 3039: 3035: 3034:Pre-existence 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3004: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2942: 2939: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2914: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2824:New Testament 2821: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2798: 2795: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2702: 2701:Lord's Prayer 2699: 2698: 2697: 2694: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2681: 2678: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2669: 2666: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2653: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2636:Unknown years 2634: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2618:Date of birth 2616: 2614: 2611: 2610: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2591: 2587: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2558: 2553: 2551: 2546: 2544: 2539: 2538: 2535: 2527: 2525:0-8028-2786-1 2521: 2517: 2512: 2508: 2506:0-8010-6573-9 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2446: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2430: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2407: 2402: 2401:Butler, Alban 2398: 2397: 2393: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2375: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360:Lockyer 1975 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348:Lockyer 1975 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336:Butler 1866, 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324:Butler 1866, 2321: 2318: 2313: 2312: 2307: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2292:Butler 1866, 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280:Lockyer 1975 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268:Lockyer 1975 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256:Lockyer 1975 2253: 2250: 2245: 2239: 2235: 2228: 2225: 2220: 2214: 2210: 2209: 2204: 2198: 2195: 2190: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2175: 2170: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155:Lockyer 1975 2152: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2139: 2134: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119:Lockyer 1975 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107:Lockyer 1975 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095:Butler 1866, 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083:Lockyer 1975 2080: 2077: 2072: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1973: 1970: 1966: 1954: 1948: 1945: 1932: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1915: 1912: 1907: 1906: 1898: 1895: 1882: 1879: 1878:Nicoll, W. R. 1873: 1870: 1866: 1857: 1851: 1847: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1829: 1826: 1813: 1807: 1804: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1784: 1781: 1768: 1762: 1759: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1737: 1734: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1716: 1713: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1700:Matthew 27:46 1696: 1693: 1690: 1685: 1682: 1678: 1673: 1670: 1665: 1659: 1654: 1653: 1644: 1641: 1636: 1634:9781134509508 1630: 1626: 1625: 1617: 1614: 1601: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1588:John 19:26–27 1584: 1581: 1576: 1570: 1566: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1546: 1541: 1538: 1533: 1529: 1522: 1519: 1514: 1508: 1504: 1497: 1494: 1489: 1487:88-7653-625-6 1483: 1479: 1472: 1469: 1464: 1462:0-664-25441-1 1458: 1454: 1447: 1444: 1439: 1437:0-86554-373-9 1433: 1429: 1422: 1419: 1414: 1412:0-86554-563-4 1408: 1404: 1400: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1364: 1359: 1353: 1349: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1331: 1329:0-86012-397-9 1325: 1321: 1314: 1311: 1306: 1304:1-931018-31-6 1300: 1296: 1295:The Synoptics 1289: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1272:"Good Friday" 1267: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1251: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1232: 1229: 1224: 1222:1-57607-856-6 1218: 1214: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1194:1-59781-863-1 1190: 1186: 1179: 1176: 1171: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1151: 1148: 1143: 1141:0-8264-8011-X 1137: 1133: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1105: 1101: 1094: 1091: 1086: 1084:0-8028-3784-0 1080: 1076: 1069: 1067: 1065: 1063: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1005: 1003: 1001: 997: 996:James Renwick 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 944:Martin Luther 941: 937: 933: 929: 928:Thomas Becket 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 896: 894: 890: 878: 871: 869: 865: 856: 850: 840: 833: 829: 825: 818: 816: 814: 810: 805: 803: 799: 794: 792: 780: 773: 771: 767: 765: 759: 756: 750: 741: 736: 730: 721: 717: 713: 709: 708:Modern Hebrew 705: 701: 697: 688: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 665: 664:in Aramaic). 663: 659: 654: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 631:Old Testament 628: 620: 612: 608: 603: 601: 585: 577:Matthew 27:46 573: 562: 557: 549: 547: 545: 541: 537: 536:Revelation 12 533: 529: 523: 521: 517: 509:John 19:26–27 505: 497: 493: 489: 488: 482: 475: 473: 471: 467: 461: 459: 454: 450: 445: 434: 429: 427: 419:ἀμήν λέγω σοί 415: 411: 399: 392: 390: 388: 383: 372: 365: 360: 358: 355: 351: 349: 345: 341: 336: 329: 327: 325: 320: 318: 314: 310: 306: 298: 295: 292: 289: 287:Relationship, 286: 283: 280: 279: 278: 272: 266: 263: 261: 259: 256: 255: 251: 249: 247: 245: 242: 241: 237: 235: 233: 231: 228: 227: 224: 222: 219: 216: 213: 212: 208: 206: 204: 202: 199: 195: 194: 191: 188: 186: 184: 181: 180: 177: 174: 172: 170: 167: 166: 162: 159: 156: 153: 150: 149: 146: 144: 139: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 120:harmonisation 113: 111: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 88: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 57: 55: 51: 47: 43: 31: 27: 26: 21: 3184:Holy Kinship 3135:Master Jesus 3113:Baháʼí Faith 3007:Christianity 2994:Christianity 2964:Christ Child 2959:Bibliography 2809:Resurrection 2789: 2723:Homelessness 2632:(apocryphal) 2613:Virgin birth 2603:Annunciation 2595:Jesus's life 2515: 2496: 2493:Pink, Arthur 2484: 2478:. B. Herder. 2475: 2460: 2428: 2415:Bartleby.com 2413:– via 2405: 2394:Bibliography 2383: 2378: 2368: 2356: 2344: 2332: 2320: 2310: 2300: 2294:September 18 2288: 2276: 2264: 2252: 2233: 2227: 2207: 2197: 2173: 2163: 2151: 2137: 2133:Morris, John 2127: 2115: 2103: 2091: 2079: 2060: 2021: 1996: 1992: 1983: 1972: 1964: 1959:12 September 1957:. Retrieved 1947: 1937:12 September 1935:. Retrieved 1925: 1914: 1904: 1897: 1885:. Retrieved 1872: 1859: 1845: 1839: 1828: 1818:12 September 1816:. Retrieved 1806: 1789: 1783: 1773:12 September 1771:. Retrieved 1761: 1728: 1720: 1715: 1706: 1695: 1684: 1672: 1651: 1643: 1623: 1616: 1606:16 September 1604:. 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Bible Hub 1769:. Bible Hub 1602:. Bible Hub 994:(1666) and 988:Covenanters 920:Charlemagne 895:in Heaven. 793:in John 4. 774:5. I thirst 592:; Matthew: 530:, and the " 387:Bart Ehrman 330:Historicity 317:Good Friday 92:Good Friday 3338:Last words 3317:Categories 3056:Son of God 2951:Depictions 2689:Beatitudes 2646:Temptation 2590:Chronology 2409:. Dublin: 2141:. 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Index


Crucifixion, seen from the Cross
James Tissot
Jesus
his crucifixion
canonical gospels
Matthew
Mark
Luke
penitent thief
John
gospel harmony
Good Friday
liturgy
Catholic
Protestant
set the sayings to music
harmonisation
Luke
John
Matthew
Mark
King James translation
Stations of the Cross
Lent
Holy Week
Good Friday
Timothy Radcliffe
James Dunn
an embarrassment

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