37:
234:; variant with maximum activity between 40 and 50 °C (104 and 122 °F) and only 30% of max activity at 5 °C (41 °F). Activity preserved at 5 °C (41 °F) beyond two years, but inactivated by overnight at room temperature, or by 30 minutes of 50 °C (122 °F). A crude extract of cultured bran contained a particular low mass molecule which maintained activity at low temperature.
551:
do not accumulate sclerotinial proteins when cultured at 5 °C (41 °F) but do at 10 and 25 °C (50 and 77 °F), and mycelial proteins cultured at 4 °C (39 °F) are decreased by switch to incubation at 25 °C (77 °F). These may be the/one of the reasons for irregular
221:
Minimum growth temperature is below −7 °C (19 °F). Optimal growth range is 10–15 °C (50–59 °F). Maximum growth temperature 20 °C (68 °F), whereupon irregular mycelial growth occurs and oxygen consumption is far above healthy level; does not survive above. Sclerotia
657:
Tkachenko O.B. (2012) Rasprostraneniye i krug khozyayev naiboleye opasnykh vozbuditeley snezhnykh pleseney – sklerotsial’nykh gribov Sclero�tinia borealis, S. nivalis i
Typhula ishikariensis [Distribution and host range of the most dangerous pathogens snow mold – sclerotial fungi Sclerotinia
281:
grow on sheaths, crowns, surfaces, and interiors of leaves. It has dramatically more growth – and damage to its hosts – in growth seasons following winters with greater depth of soil freezing but less snow cover.
547:. Higher mycelial growth and lower optimal mycelial growth temp (to 4 °C (39 °F)) if increased intracellular osmosis. Able to utilize nutrients from partially thawed low-water PDA. Vegetative
222:
germination optimal at four weeks of daily thermal cycles of 25 and 15 °C (77 and 59 °F) followed by 20 and 5 °C (68 and 41 °F). Frost is necessary during life cycle.
797:
823:
864:
586:
Hoshino, Tamotsu; Xiao, Nan; Xiao, Nan; Hoshino, Tamotsu; Tkachenko, Oleg B. (2009). "Cold adaptation in the phytopathogenic fungi causing snow molds".
771:
658:
borealis, S. nivalis and
Typhula ishikariensis] // Byulleten’ Glavnogo botanicheskogo sada . 198(4): 319‒320. (in Russian, English summary)
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36:
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869:
255:
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687:
874:
131:
763:
732:
529:
465:
528:
Lab culture must simulate the freezing cycle of the natural range. Can grow on relatively low water
621:
537:
520:
Province of China. Not found in any temperate region which also receives snowfall, except Japan.
247:
153:
31:
802:
836:
719:
613:
251:
231:
841:
642:
605:
461:
513:
497:
493:
98:
758:
445:
433:
639:
Draft Genome
Sequence of Sclerotinia borealis, a Psychrophilic Plant Pathogenic Fungus
858:
469:
457:
418:
399:
190:
78:
625:
724:
509:
193:
671:
784:
588:
437:
108:
710:
609:
541:
88:
68:
646:
617:
745:
638:
481:
337:
274:
48:
810:
704:
517:
501:
485:
410:
789:
776:
601:
533:
505:
407:
278:
815:
489:
473:
449:
441:
403:
197:
196:
plant pathogen with wide host range, including crop plants, such as
58:
681:
340:
cup-shaped pale yellow to pale brown, cup diameter 1–6 millimetres (
750:
548:
477:
453:
414:
391:
258:
205:
552:
growth, progressing to lethality, at these higher temperatures.
395:
737:
685:
201:
504:. It was unexpectedly not found in the similar climate of
261:. Extracellular presence of its AFPs is not necessary.
334: in) wide when formed (i.e. before desiccation).
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
694:
269:Upon the spring snowmelt, wet leaves develop
8:
398:. Economically significant grasses include
208:, and thus causing much economical damage.
682:
20:
472:. Specifically including Arctic areas of
561:
532:if twice the normal PDA concentration,
165:(Bubák & Vleugel) L.M. Kohn, (1979)
516:in central Siberia, and possibly the
7:
360: in), stalks 1–20 millimetres (
314: in) long and 3–4 millimetres (
865:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
14:
35:
294:Sclerotia are 7–8 millimetres (
242:Necessitated by its lifestyle,
286:is very soil-frost-dependent.
1:
598:Mycological Society of Japan
452:(Siberia, middle course of
147:Bubák & Vleugel, (1917)
911:
610:10.1007/s10267-008-0452-2
259:type I antifreeze protein
172:Elenev ex Solkina, (1939)
162:Myriosclerotinia borealis
159:
152:
137:
130:
32:Scientific classification
30:
23:
677:USDA ARS Fungal Database
647:10.1128/genomeA.01175-13
508:. Southernmost limit is
256:Atlantic winter flounder
890:Fungi described in 1917
169:Sclerotinia graminearum
510:Iwate, northern Japan
696:Sclerotinia borealis
530:potato dextrose agar
466:northern Scandinavia
182:Sclerotinia borealis
141:Sclerotinia borealis
25:Sclerotinia borealis
440:areas and into the
248:antifreeze proteins
238:Antifreeze proteins
524:Laboratory culture
250:. One of these is
852:
851:
837:Open Tree of Life
688:Taxon identifiers
246:produces its own
232:polygalacturonase
178:
177:
173:
166:
16:Species of fungus
902:
845:
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832:
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462:Russian Far East
421:regions Russia.
380: in) high.
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171:
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123:S. borealis
40:
39:
21:
910:
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905:
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885:Sclerotiniaceae
870:Barley diseases
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514:Altai Mountains
498:Swedish Lapland
494:Finnish Lapland
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99:Sclerotiniaceae
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
908:
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895:Fungus species
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880:Wheat diseases
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672:Index Fungorum
667:
666:External links
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446:northern Japan
434:cool temperate
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400:winter cereals
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383:Mycelia gray.
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470:North America
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191:psychrophilic
188:
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174:
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144:
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136:
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132:Binomial name
129:
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107:
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79:Leotiomycetes
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44:
43:
38:
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29:
26:
22:
19:
875:Rye diseases
695:
653:
634:
593:
587:
527:
444:, including
432:is found in
429:
428:
425:Distribution
390:
382:
336:
293:
283:
270:
268:
243:
241:
229:
220:
194:necrotrophic
186:
181:
180:
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168:
161:
160:
140:
138:
122:
121:
109:
24:
18:
785:iNaturalist
589:Mycoscience
438:frigid zone
430:S. borealis
284:S. borealis
271:S. borealis
244:S. borealis
217:Temperature
110:Sclerotinia
859:Categories
604:): 26–38.
556:References
488:county in
290:Morphology
265:Life cycle
252:homologous
212:Physiology
187:snow scald
89:Helotiales
69:Ascomycota
65:Division:
618:1340-3540
545:-mannitol
482:Greenland
411:seedlings
338:Apothecia
275:Sclerotia
230:Produces
117:Species:
55:Kingdom:
49:Eukaryota
811:MycoBank
803:10935603
759:Fungorum
711:Q7434199
705:Wikidata
626:85291046
518:Xinjiang
502:Svalbard
486:Finnmark
273:growth.
154:Synonyms
95:Family:
45:Domain:
790:1021326
777:2583166
602:J-STAGE
534:sucrose
506:Iceland
436:areas,
413:in the
408:Conifer
404:forages
392:Grasses
375:⁄
365:⁄
355:⁄
345:⁄
329:⁄
319:⁄
309:⁄
299:⁄
279:mycelia
226:Enzymes
105:Genus:
85:Order:
75:Class:
842:966729
816:188948
764:188948
751:SCLEBO
738:156601
624:
616:
549:hyphae
540:, and
512:, the
490:Norway
476:, the
474:Alaska
468:, and
450:Russia
442:Arctic
198:barley
829:77105
798:IRMNG
725:4VQRW
622:S2CID
596:(1).
478:Yukon
454:Volga
415:Volga
396:trees
387:Hosts
206:wheat
189:is a
59:Fungi
824:NCBI
772:GBIF
746:EPPO
614:ISSN
458:Ural
419:Ural
417:and
402:and
394:and
277:and
204:and
733:EoL
720:CoL
643:doi
606:doi
538:KCl
464:),
377:128
373:101
367:128
347:128
321:128
301:128
254:to
202:rye
185:or
861::
839::
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707::
641:,
620:.
612:.
594:50
592:.
564:^
536:,
500:,
496:,
492:,
484:,
480:,
460:,
456:,
448:,
406:.
357:64
353:15
331:32
317:15
311:16
297:35
200:,
645::
628:.
608::
600:(
543:D
370:–
363:5
350:–
343:5
327:5
324:–
307:5
304:–
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
