36:
1316:
209:
2014:
2031:
607:
647:
681:
551:
188:
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had a deep skull with a triangular profile when viewed from above. Perhaps the most distinctive features were two enlarged canine teeth that were so big (12 centimetres (4.7 in) long) they almost protruded beyond the lower jaw. To help protect these teeth, the lower jaws grew in such a shape so
668:
Assemblage Zone(s). This was a medium-sized therapsid, with a skull about 22 cm in length. It is distinguished from other species by a longer snout, and other details of the bones of the skull. Originally considered rather simple, it is actually (according to
Sigogneau-Russell) a rather
622:
that the anterior (front) portion was thicker than the posterior (rear) portion. This form would have protected the enlarged canine teeth from accidental damage, and was similar in bone function to the flanges of bone of
564:
was a medium-sized gorgonopsian, with a skull length of 22–35 centimetres (8.7–13.8 in), depending on the species. They ranged from 1.2–2 metres (3.9–6.6 ft) long from nose to tail.
1446:
2111:
2190:
2195:
2098:
594:, compared to the sprawling gait exhibited by most prey animals of the time. Aside from allowing for more energy efficient locomotion, this allowed
831:
A large (about 35 centimetres (14 in) long), incomplete skull, with a high snout and narrower in the rear than other species, from the "High
656:
The type species. The holotype is an incomplete and flattened skull, allegedly found at
Mildenhall's farm (Xlu Xlu), on the Queen's Road south of
2180:
2175:
2170:
1537:
1456:
742:
A large specimen known from an incomplete and flattened skull about 35 centimetres (14 in) long. Orbit larger and snout longer than
2185:
576:
were so large, they would have had little trouble in penetrating the tough hides of some of the herbivores of the time, particularly
79:
57:
836:
1394:"Researches on the structure, organization, and classification of the fossil reptilia.—Part IX. section 1. On the Therosuchia"
537:
531:
1355:
Descriptive and illustrated catalogue of the fossil
Reptilia of South Africa in the collection of the British museum
1353:
208:
1530:
505:
1498:
Phylogeny and evolution of the
Gorgonopsia with a special reference to the skull and skeleton of GPIT/RE/7113 ('
50:
44:
2013:
1496:
723:
in two different families, while
Sigogneau-Russell placed the two species in the same genus, and considers
2051:
591:
61:
1714:
2137:
712:
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used this genus to establish the larger clade of
Gorgonopsia. In later years, a large number of further
660:, in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. A number of other specimens have been found since, all from the
2165:
2034:
1523:
1373:
695:, with the rear of the skull wider, and other details of proportion. Originally the type species of
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513:
801:
1619:
1329:
203:
2142:
2124:
2116:
1473:
1452:
2129:
1375:
Catalogue of the fossil
Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural history) Part IV
1405:
1369:
509:
1423:
Smith, R.H.M.; Keyser, A.W. (1995). "Biostratigraphy of the
Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone".
2089:
1474:"Therapsids from the Permian Chiweta Beds and the age of the Karoo Supergroup in Malawi"
1990:
1883:
1767:
955:
414:
2159:
1876:
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813:
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145:
107:
1997:
1968:
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334:
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1707:
1700:
1679:
1657:
1631:
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439:
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282:
120:
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1917:
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1508:(Ph.D. thesis). Tübingen: Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen. pp. 1–316.
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446:
266:
165:
130:
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17:
1982:
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were designated, though many of these were later determined to be synonyms.
486:
442:
253:
220:
170:
114:
103:
1472:
Jacobs, L.L.; Winkler, D.A.; Newman, K.D.; Gomani, E.M.; Deino, A. (2005).
773:
A flattened, incomplete, medium-sized skull, probably a juvenile of either
568:
would have been one of the key predators across southern Africa during the
550:
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1931:
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627:
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240:
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155:
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493:, who also coined the name "Dinosauria" on the basis of the first known
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1810:
1020:
517:
432:
175:
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Sigogneau-Russell, D. (1989). "Theriodontia I". In H.-D., Sues (ed.).
187:
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428:
230:
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700:
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586:. Aside from the teeth, one of the key predatory advantages that
699:. Despite being known from a large number of specimens from the
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1519:
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Assemblage Zone), the species remains poorly known. Watson and
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29:
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zone" (earlier than the other species, most probably
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1949:
1900:
1862:
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1358:. British Museum (Natural History). pp. 27–29.
727:a more primitive (less derived) form. Synonyms:
461:), about 260–254 million years ago in what is now
1378:. British Museum (Natural History). p. 111.
800:A large, incomplete and flattened skull, from
1531:
8:
812:Assemblage Zone equivalent (= middle of the
858:from Gebauer's 2007 phylogenetic analysis.
422:
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186:
93:
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
43:This article includes a list of general
1341:
1398:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
508:Gorgonopsidae, which was described by
2191:Wuchiapingian genus first appearances
598:to travel at relatively high speeds.
7:
1440:
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808:. Placement uncertain. Probably Low
746:, from which it may have descended.
512:in 1890. Five years later, in 1895,
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1111:
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504:was also used as the type for the
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1425:Geological Survey of South Africa
787:Leptotracheliscops eupachygnathus
669:specialised member of the group.
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2029:
2012:
1448:Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology
1314:
489:discovered. It was described by
207:
34:
2196:Wuchiapingian genus extinctions
846:(Broili & Schroeder, 1934)
827:(Broili & Schroeder, 1934)
1:
2181:Fossil taxa described in 1876
2176:Lopingian synapsids of Africa
783:Leptotrachelus eupachygnathus
431:eye' or 'Gorgon face') is an
2171:Prehistoric therapsid genera
1500:Aelurognathus?' parringtoni
758:Assemblage Zone. Synonyms:
27:Extinct genus of therapsids
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2186:Taxa named by Richard Owen
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2010:
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1478:Palaeontologia Electronia
1451:. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag.
1410:10.1080/00222939408677718
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767:Gorgonops? eupachygnathus
760:Gorgonognathus longifrons
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204:Scientific classification
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1495:Gebauer, E.V.I. (2007).
427:'eye, face', literally '
617:Relative to body size,
485:, was one of the first
64:more precise citations.
703:Basin, Beaufort West (
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653:
614:
590:had over prey was its
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198:skull (specimen 5537)
2138:Paleobiology Database
729:Scymnognathus whaitsi
683:
649:
609:
553:
445:, of which it is the
818:Chiwetasaurus dixeyi
736:Gorgonops longifrons
613:compared to a human.
469:History of discovery
1322:Paleontology portal
844:Pachyrhinos kaiseri
816:Stage). Synonyms:
514:Harry Govier Seeley
1330:List of therapsids
825:Gorgonops? kaiseri
689:
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624:sabre-toothed cats
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542:Assemblage Zones.
530:is known from the
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2125:Open Tree of Life
2052:Taxon identifiers
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820:(Haughton, 1926)
794:Gorgonops? dixeyi
762:(Haughton, 1915)
674:Gorgonops whaitsi
453:lived during the
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16:(Redirected from
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972:
948:
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897:
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862:
796:(Haughton, 1926)
785:(Watson, 1921);
738:(Haughton, 1915)
640:Gorgonops torvus
536:and most of the
510:Richard Lydekker
483:Gorgonops torvus
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102:Temporal range:
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840:Assemblage Zone
838:Pristerognathus
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789:(Watson, 1921)
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592:semi-erect gait
554:Restoration of
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956:Scylacognathus
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850:Classification
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833:Tapinocephalus
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797:
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770:
769:(Watson, 1921)
764:
739:
733:
731:(Broom, 1912)
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671:
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635:
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600:
572:. Because the
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399:Haughton, 1915
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1877:Aelurognathus
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1855:
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1800:
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1792:African clade
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1761:Inostrancevia
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1753:Russian clade
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1390:Seeley, H. G.
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1264:
1263:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1120:Aelurognathus
1114:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1093:Inostrancevia
1087:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
991:
990:
987:
986:
983:
982:
981:
974:
973:
967:
966:
963:
962:
959:
958:
957:
950:
949:
943:
942:Gorgonopsidae
940:
939:
936:
935:
932:
931:
930:
923:
922:
916:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
906:
899:
898:
892:
891:
888:
887:
884:
883:
882:
875:
874:
867:
864:
863:
859:
857:
849:
847:
845:
842:) Synonyms:
841:
839:
834:
826:
823:
821:
819:
815:
814:Wuchiapingian
811:
810:Cistecephalus
807:
803:
795:
792:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
768:
765:
763:
761:
757:
756:Cistecephalus
753:
749:
748:Beaufort West
745:
737:
734:
732:
730:
726:
722:
721:Scymnognathus
718:
714:
710:
709:Cistecephalus
706:
702:
698:
697:Scymnognathus
694:
687:
682:
676:(Broom, 1912)
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:Cistecephalus
663:
659:
658:Fort Beaufort
652:
648:
641:
638:
633:
631:
629:
625:
620:
612:
608:
601:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
584:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
557:
552:
545:
543:
541:
540:
539:Cistecephalus
535:
534:
529:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
468:
466:
464:
460:
459:Wuchiapingian
456:
452:
448:
444:
441:
437:
434:
430:
421:'Gorgon' and
416:
412:
411:
397:
396:
395:G. longifrons
389:
384:
383:
376:
371:
370:
363:
362:
360:
355:
348:
347:
339:
336:
332:
325:
324:
317:
314:
313:
310:
309:Gorgonopsinae
304:
301:
300:
297:
296:Gorgonopsidae
291:
288:
287:
284:
278:
275:
272:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
245:
242:
239:
236:
235:
232:
229:
226:
225:
222:
219:
216:
215:
210:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
184:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
116:
113:260–254
109:
108:Wuchiapingian
105:
99:
95:
92:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
18:Scymnognathus
2059:
1998:Wangwusaurus
1996:
1989:
1981:
1974:
1969:Broomisaurus
1967:
1960:
1952:Nomina dubia
1950:
1930:
1925:Leontosaurus
1923:
1916:
1909:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1804:Arctognathus
1802:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1743:Viatkogorgon
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1694:Aelurosaurus
1692:
1656:
1584:
1575:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1447:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1401:
1397:
1384:
1374:
1370:Lydekker, R.
1364:
1354:
1344:
1183:
1182:
1166:
1165:
1142:
1141:
1118:
1117:
1091:
1090:
1069:Arctognathus
1067:
1066:
1043:
1042:
1019:
1018:
996:
995:
994:
978:
977:
954:
953:
929:Aelurosaurus
927:
926:
903:
902:
879:
878:
853:
843:
837:
832:
830:
824:
817:
809:
802:Chiweta Beds
799:
793:
786:
782:
778:
774:
772:
766:
759:
755:
752:Tropidostoma
751:
743:
741:
735:
728:
724:
720:
716:
708:
705:Tropidostoma
704:
696:
692:
691:Larger than
690:
685:
673:
665:
662:Tropidostoma
661:
655:
650:
642:(Owen, 1876)
639:
618:
616:
610:
595:
587:
583:Pareiasaurus
581:
570:Late Permian
565:
561:
560:
555:
538:
533:Tropidostoma
532:
527:
526:
501:
491:Richard Owen
482:
479:type species
472:
463:South Africa
455:Late Permian
450:
440:gorgonopsian
409:
408:
407:
394:
393:
381:
380:
368:
367:
345:
344:
335:Type species
322:
321:
273:
260:
247:
195:
97:
91:
76:
67:
48:
2166:Gorgonopsia
2084:Wikispecies
1976:Cerdorhinus
1962:Arctosuchus
1864:Rubidgeinae
1853:Smilesaurus
1825:Eriphostoma
1782:Suchogorgon
1775:Sauroctonus
1708:Cyonosaurus
1701:Aloposaurus
1680:Gorgonopsia
1658:Gorgonopsia
1632:Gorgonopsia
1547:Gorgonopsia
1106:Rubidgeinae
905:Cyonosaurus
881:Aloposaurus
866:Gorgonopsia
854:Below is a
578:pareiasaurs
546:Description
386:Broom, 1912
302:Subfamily:
283:Gorgonopsia
62:introducing
2160:Categories
1918:Dinogorgon
1911:Clelandina
1902:Rubidgeini
1891:Sycosaurus
1641:see below↓
1589:Therapsida
1404:(6): 375.
1336:References
1185:Clelandina
1168:Sycosaurus
806:Nyassaland
781:Synonyms:
779:G. whaitsi
744:G. whaitsi
725:G. whaitsi
686:G. whaitsi
556:G. whaitsi
487:therapsids
447:type genus
382:G. whaitsi
373:Owen, 1876
351:Owen, 1876
328:Owen, 1876
267:Therapsida
196:G. whaitsi
45:references
2090:Gorgonops
2060:Gorgonops
1983:Leogorgon
1839:Lycaenops
1832:Gorgonops
1818:Cynariops
1736:Scylacops
1729:Nochnitsa
1620:Synapsida
1605:Synapsida
1580:Synapsida
1563:Kingdom:
1484:(1): 28A.
1045:Lycaenops
997:Gorgonops
980:Eoarctops
856:cladogram
775:G. torvus
717:Gorgonops
693:G. torvus
651:G. torvus
619:Gorgonops
611:Gorgonops
596:Gorgonops
588:Gorgonops
566:Gorgonops
562:Gorgonops
528:Gorgonops
502:G. torvus
451:Gorgonops
443:therapsid
410:Gorgonops
369:G. torvus
323:Gorgonops
254:Synapsida
227:Kingdom:
221:Eukaryota
104:Lopingian
98:Gorgonops
2069:Wikidata
2035:Category
1932:Rubidgea
1571:Chordata
1569:Phylum:
1565:Animalia
1431:: 18–22.
1392:(1895).
1372:(1890).
1352:(1986).
1350:Owen, R.
1308:See also
1144:Rubidgea
684:Head of
628:Cenozoic
580:such as
495:dinosaur
475:holotype
357:Species
289:Family:
241:Chordata
237:Phylum:
231:Animalia
217:Domain:
2130:4128438
2117:1412611
2104:4822450
2075:Q131690
1846:Phorcys
1811:Arctops
1021:Njalila
868:
715:placed
664:and/or
634:Species
626:in the
574:canines
518:species
498:fossils
477:of the
433:extinct
315:Genus:
58:improve
1721:nasuta
1717:Dixeya
1455:
522:genera
506:family
429:Gorgon
419:Γοργών
413:(from
47:, but
2143:39118
2112:IRMNG
1585:Clade
1576:Clade
1506:(PDF)
713:Romer
701:Karoo
602:Skull
436:genus
415:Greek
274:Clade
261:Clade
248:Clade
2099:GBIF
1618:see
1453:ISBN
719:and
520:and
473:The
121:PreꞒ
1406:doi
777:or
438:of
110:),
2162::
2140::
2127::
2114::
2101::
2086::
2071::
1719:"
1587::
1578::
1480:.
1476:.
1437:^
1427:.
1402:13
1400:.
1396:.
804:,
750:,
630:.
500:.
481:,
465:.
449:.
424:ὤψ
417::
276::
263::
250::
171:Pg
115:Ma
2001:?
1986:?
1715:"
1539:e
1532:t
1525:v
1502:)
1482:8
1461:.
1429:1
1412:.
1408::
754:/
707:/
457:(
391:†
378:†
365:†
342:†
319:†
306:†
293:†
280:†
176:N
166:K
161:J
156:T
151:P
146:C
141:D
136:S
131:O
126:Ꞓ
106:(
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
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