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1223:, a Protestant pastor in Germany and a pioneer in urban mission work among the poor. To deal with the impatience of the children awaiting Christmas, whom he was teaching, Wichern made a ring of wood, with nineteen small red tapers and four large white candles. Every morning a small candle was lit, and every Sunday a large candle. Modern practice only retains the large candles.
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1266:, the third is the symbol of the joy of David whose lineage does not stop and also testifies to his covenant with God, and the fourth and last candle is the symbol of the teaching of the prophets who announce a reign of justice and peace. Or they symbolise the four stages of human history; creation, the Incarnation, the redemption of sins, and the
1824:
The first clear association with Advent is generally attributed to German
Lutherans in the 16th century. However, another three centuries would pass before the modern Advent wreath took shape. Specifically, a German theologian and educator by the name of Johann Hinrich Wichern (1808–1881) is credited
1234:
The fir tree is a symbol of strength and laurel a symbol of victory over sin and suffering. The latter two, with the holly, do not lose their leaves, and thus represent the eternity of God. The flames of candles are the representation of the
Christmas light approaching and bringing hope and peace, as
1120:
In
England, especially in the northern counties, there was a custom (now extinct) for poor women to carry around the "Advent images", two dolls dressed to represent Jesus and the Blessed Virgin Mary. A halfpenny coin was expected from every one to whom these were exhibited and bad luck was thought to
1814:
From the Latin word for "coming", Advent is a time of preparation and anticipation for the coming of Christ both in the past in His incarnation as the baby Jesus, but also in the future with His promised second coming as Christ
Triumphant. Furthermore, Advent is a time to focus on His present coming
1795:
Christmas in Sweden starts with Advent, which is the await for the arrival of Jesus. The symbol for it is the Advent candlestick with four candles in it, and we light one more candle for each of the four
Sundays before Christmas. Most people start putting up the Christmas decorations on the first of
1230:
tree branches knotted with a red ribbon and decorated with pine cones, holly, laurel, and sometimes mistletoe. It is also an ancient symbol signifying several things; first of all, the crown symbolises victory, in addition to its round form evoking the sun and its return each year. The number four
551:
In the thirteenth century, the fast of Advent was not commonly practised although, according to Durand of Mende, fasting was still generally observed. As quoted in the bull of canonisation of St. Louis, the zeal with which he observed this fast was no longer a custom observed by
Christians of
918:
does not object to the use of blue during Advent, he did not attribute its use to Sarum. "he so-called Sarum uses are really one-half made up from the fancy of nineteenth-century ritualists." While the Sarum use was influential, different dioceses, including
Salisbury, used a variety of coloured
532:
held in 581 adopted the practice in Tours. Soon all France observed three days of fasting a week from the feast of Saint Martin until
Christmas. The most devout worshipers in some countries exceeded the requirements adopted by the council, and fasted every day of Advent.
1215:
The keeping of an Advent wreath is a common practice in homes or churches. The concept of the Advent wreath originated among German
Lutherans in the 16th century. However, it was not until three centuries later that the modern Advent wreath took shape.
903:. There has been an increasing trend in Protestant churches to supplant purple with blue during Advent as it is a hopeful season of preparation that anticipates both Bethlehem and the consummation of history in the Second Coming of Jesus Christ.
490:
430:, Advent begins with First Vespers (Evening Prayer I) of the Sunday that falls on or closest to 30 November and it ends before First Vespers (Evening Prayer I) of Christmas. The first day of Advent also begins a new
806:. While the Sunday readings relate to the first coming of Jesus Christ as saviour as well as to his Second Coming as judge, traditions vary in the relative importance of penitence and expectation during the weeks in Advent.
1128:, farmers employed children under twelve to run through the fields and orchards armed with torches, setting fire to bundles of straw, and thus, it was believed, driving out such vermin as were likely to damage the crops.
1088:
enjoined fasting on all days except
Saturdays and Sundays from Saint Martin's Day to Epiphany (the feast of baptism), a period of 56 days, but of 40 days fasting, like the fast of Lent. It was therefore called
524:
on 11 November until Christmas, one fasts three times per week; this is why Advent was sometimes also named "Lent of St. Martin". This practice remained limited to the diocese of Tours until the sixth century.
1257:
The candles symbolise, in one interpretation, the great stages of salvation before the coming of the Messiah; the first is the symbol of the forgiveness granted to Adam and Eve, the second is the symbol of the faith of
1154:, with one door being opened in the calendar, or one section of the candle being burned, on each day in December leading up to Christmas Eve. In many countries, the first day of Advent often heralds the start of the
898:
identify purple or blue as appropriate for Advent. Proponents of this new liturgical trend argue that purple is traditionally associated with solemnity and somberness, which is fitting to the repentant character of
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The Roman Catholic Church retains the traditional violet. Blue is not generally used in Latin Catholicism, and where it does regionally, it has nothing to do with Advent specifically, but with veneration of the
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There are a variety or worship practices that enable a congregation to celebrate Advent: Lighting an advent wreath, a hanging of the greens service, a Chrismon tree, and an Advent devotional booklet.
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ascended the papal seat in 1362, he imposed abstinence on the papal court but there was no mention of fasting. It was then customary in Rome to observe five weeks of Advent before Christmas. The
563:
has six. The Greeks show no more real consistency: Advent was an optional fast that some begin on 15 November, while others begin on 6 December or only a few days before Christmas.
1619:
The readings for the second Sunday concern Christ's birth in Bethlehem and other prophecies, so the candle may be called the "Bethlehem candle", the "way candle", or the "prophets' candle".
552:
great piety. It was then limited to the period from the feast of Saint Andrew until Christmas Day, since the solemnity of this apostle was more universal than that of St. Martin.
1629:
Sunday after the first word of the introit (Philippians 4:4), is celebrated with rose-coloured vestments similar to Laetare Sunday at the middle point of Lent. The readings relate to
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introduced minor changes, differentiating the spirit of Lent from that of Advent, emphasising Advent as a season of hope for Christ's coming now as a promise of his Second Coming.
1096:
In the Anglican and Lutheran churches this fasting rule was later relaxed. The Roman Catholic Church later abolished the precept of fasting (at an unknown date at the latest in
478:
It is not known when the period of preparation for Christmas that is now called Advent began, though it was certainly in existence from about 480; the novelty introduced by the
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On the Fourth Sunday, the Gospel reading is about the events involving Mary and Joseph that led directly to the birth of Jesus, while the other readings are related to these.
2848:[Appointment – Meditation and design of an Advent labyrinth] (in German). Heilig Kreuz – Zentrum für christliche Meditation und Spiritualität . 2016. Archived from
379:, but it differs in meaning, length, and observances, and does not begin the liturgical church year as it does in the West. The Eastern Nativity Fast does not use the term
7550:
1006:, in the Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran churches, and mark the forthcoming birth of the Messiah. They form the basis for each verse of the popular Advent hymn "
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This colour is often called "Sarum blue", referring to its purported use at Salisbury Cathedral. Many of the ornaments and ceremonial practices associated with the
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540:, which provides Advent Collects, Epistles, and Gospels for the five Sundays preceding Christmas and for the corresponding Wednesdays and Fridays. The homilies of
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The readings for the first Sunday in Advent relate to the Old Testament patriarchs who were Christ's ancestors, so some call the first Advent candle that of hope.
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The Advent wreath is adorned with candles, usually three violet or purple and one pink; the pink candle is lit on the Third Sunday of Advent, called "
1084:
of Tours, who died in 490, ordered fasting three days a week from the day after Saint Martin's Day (11 November). In the 6th century, local
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it was sometimes read in the first Sunday in Advent. Even earlier, "stir-up Sunday" was once jocularly associated with the stirring of the Christmas
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For Western Christians of the Catholic and Lutheran traditions, Advent signifies preparation for a threefold coming of Christ: firstly in the
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The season of Advent in the Christian calendar anticipates the "coming of Christ" from three different perspectives: the physical nativity in
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1254:. Some add a fifth candle (white), known as the "Christ candle", in the middle of the wreath, to be lit on Christmas Eve or Christmas Day.
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In Orthodox churches there are sometimes wreaths with six candles, in line with the six-week duration of the Nativity Fast / Advent.
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1541:"), the Gospel reading is again about John the Baptist, the other readings about the joy associated with the coming of the Saviour.
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vestments. "In the Sarum Rite the Advent colour was red, but it could very well have been the red-purple known as murray ..."
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calendars, Advent begins on the fourth Sunday before Christmas (always falling between 27 November and 3 December), and ends on
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1842:"Stir up" (the first words of the collect) may be read during the third Sunday in Advent, although before the 1979 revision of
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Where an Advent wreath includes a fifth candle, it is known as the "Christ candle" and is lit during the Christmas Eve service.
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in the late sixth century showed four weeks to the liturgical season of Advent, but without the observance of a fast. Under
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In recent times, the most common observance of Advent outside church circles has been the keeping of an Advent calendar or
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Advent – The four weeks before Christmas are celebrated by counting down the days with an advent calendar, hanging up
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Another popular activity is the 'Hanging of the Greens,' a service in which the sanctuary is decorated for Christmas.
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The modern Advent wreath, with its candles representing the Sundays of Advent, originated from an 1839 initiative by
910:
were revived in the Anglican Communion in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as part of the Anglo-Catholic
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Advent, since the phrase "stir up" occurs at the start of the collect for the last Sunday before Advent in the old
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864:, the fourth Sunday of Lent. A rose-coloured candle in Western Christianity is referenced as a sign of joy (
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While the traditional colour for Advent is violet, there is a growing interest in and acceptance, by some
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It is believed that the European advent wreath began as a Lutheran innovation in the sixteenth century.
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During the Nativity Fast, red is used by Eastern Christianity, although gold is an alternative colour.
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well as the symbol of the struggle against darkness. For Christians, this crown is also the symbol of
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1633:, and the rose-coloured candle may be called the "joy candle", "Mary candle", or "shepherds' candle".
1093:(Saint Martin's Lent). This period of fasting was later shortened and called "Advent" by the Church.
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2875:[The 'door' to the 3rd Advent] (in German). Referat für Mädchen- und Frauenarbeit des
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An Advent wreath with three blue candles and one rose candle surrounding the central Christ Candle
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1104:. In addition to fasting, dancing and similar festivities were forbidden in these traditions. On
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2074:
1072:, in D minor for choir and organ, have no Gloria and so are appropriate for use in Advent.
1043:, but only one more in Leipzig where he worked for the longest time, because there Advent was a
1639:
The readings for the fourth Sunday relate to the annunciation of Christ's birth, for which the
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2007:
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486:, it is "impossible to claim with confidence a credible explanation of the origin of Advent".
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of the Catholic Church, Advent begins on the sixth Sunday before Christmas, the Sunday after
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2907:[How to prepare an Advent Wreath]. Couronnes de l'Avent (in French). 23 October 2017
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Many churches hold Christingle services during Advent. Children are given a Christingle.adaa
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of blue as an alternative liturgical colour for Advent, a custom traced to the usage of the
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was to order monks to fast every day in the month of December until Christmas. According to
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from the Society of Saint John the Evangelist, a monastic community in the Episcopal Church
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is omitted, so that the return of the angels' song at Christmas has an effect of novelty.
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This article is about the Western Christian practice. For Eastern Christian practice, see
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represents the four Sundays of Advent, and the green twigs are a sign of life and hope.
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menace the household not visited by the doll-bearers before Christmas Eve at the latest.
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are observed in various protestant churches which retain similar liturgical practices.
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1769:(d. 1153), Christians have spoken of the three comings of Christ: In the flesh in
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1603:. This feast is now also widely observed in many Protestant churches, sometimes as the
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claims violet has preference over black. The violet or purple colour is often used for
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The Book of Days: A miscellany of popular antiquities in connection with the calendar
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Heortology: A history of the Christian festivals from their origin to the present day
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822:. Cope and antependium are violet, the liturgical colour of Advent in the Roman Rite.
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Celtic cross in memorial garden, Bon Air Presbyterian Church, Virginia, with Advent
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Christmas: Celebrating the Christian history of classic symbols, songs, and stories
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or "Song of Mary" may be featured. The candle may be known as the "angel's candle".
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The theme of readings and teachings during Advent is often the preparation for the
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with the idea of lighting an increasing number of candles as Christmas approached.
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In Sweden, white candles, symbol of festivity and purity, are used in celebrating
927:. However, on some occasions that are heavily associated with Advent, such as the
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Guéranger, Prosper; Fromage, Lucien; Shepherd, James Laurence (13 October 1867).
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and lightning an additional candle every Sunday on the four-candle advent wreath.
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Other variations of the themes celebrated on each of the four Sundays include:
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as a time of expectant waiting and preparation for both the celebration of the
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in the ninth century, writings claim that the fast was still widely observed.
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3318:
3179:
2603:. Liturgy & music. New York: Saint Ignatius of Antioch Episcopal Church.
2341:[Advent prepares for Christmas – Historical development]. Liturgie.
1849:
1770:
1166:
1144:
979:
849:
489:
412:
326:
282:
5697:
4869:
1112:
churches still hold the tradition of fasting for 40 days before Christmas.
814:
3016:"Resources for liturgy and prayer for the seasons of Advent and Christmas"
2517:
1191:
7424:
7050:
6736:
6608:
5888:
5879:
5833:
5677:
5551:
5451:
4948:
4902:
4643:
4497:
4482:
4417:
4402:
4391:
3502:
2463:
1239:, the holly recalling the crown of thorns resting on the head of Christ.
1170:
1125:
659:
396:
313:
536:
The first clear references in the Western Church to Advent occur in the
5823:
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5687:
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5581:
4628:
4467:
4407:
4273:
3415:
3048:
1839:
1259:
1208:
1101:
1048:
995:
819:
501:
360:, as well as other ways of preparing for Christmas, such as setting up
2986:[Johann Hinrich Wichern – the inventor of the Advent wreath].
1504:, the readings of Mass on the Sundays of Advent have distinct themes:
7456:
7376:
7351:
6786:
6258:
5828:
5785:
5775:
5411:
5289:
4785:
4755:
4541:
4487:
2846:"Terminanmeldung – Meditation und Gestaltung eines Adventslabyrinths"
1563:
1140:
832:
Since approximately the 13th century, the usual liturgical colour in
516:
the celebration of Advent began in the fifth century when the Bishop
7078:
3347:
3267: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
890:
lists blue as the preferred colour for Advent, while the Methodist
7253:
7136:
5627:
4313:
1557:
1527:
On the Second Sunday, the Gospel reading recalls the preaching of
1481:
1198:
1190:
1162:
and Christmas decorations on or immediately before Advent Sunday.
1085:
947:
813:
577:
488:
7015:
in the universal calendar which do not normally fall on a Sunday.
2242:
Alexander, J. Neil (2013). "Advent". In Bradshaw, Paul F. (ed.).
7243:
6636:
6599:
6135:
5849:
5513:
4231:
1132:
900:
664:
329:, the reception of Christ in the heart of the believer, and the
7082:
6438:
5975:
5933:
4142:
3367:
2496:
United Methodist Discipleship Ministries (umcdiscipleship.org)
1227:
500:
Associated with Advent as a time of penitence was a period of
3308:
3210:"Circle of Light: Four themes for use with the Advent wreath"
1131:
In Italy, among other Advent celebrations, is the entry into
1108:, relaxation of the fast was permitted. Eastern Orthodox and
1025:", published in 1622. Johann Sebastian Bach composed several
4138:
3077:. Kingsville, MD: St. Paul's Lutheran Church. Archived from
2563:"Am I blue? Some historical evidence for liturgical colors"
2310:
Ecclesiastical history of the French, reviewed and collated
2984:"Johann Hinrich Wichern – der Erfinder des Adventskranzes"
1554:
Anglican, Lutheran, Presbyterian, and Methodist traditions
840:
declared black to be the proper colour for Advent, though
3363:
3336:
Advent FAQ at the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod web site
2550:. London: Grant Richards – via anglicanhistory.org.
2306:
Histoire ecclésiastique des Francs, revue et collationnée
1965:
Journey into the Heart of God: Living the liturgical year
860:, rose may be used instead, referencing the rose used on
364:, a custom that is sometimes done liturgically through a
1773:, in our hearts daily, and in glory at the end of time".
3298:, 1979 according to the usage of The Episcopal Church
2544:"Chapter III: Colours, vestments, and ornaments"
2362:
2360:
2312:] (in French). Translated by Guadet, J.; Taranne.
1924:
1922:
1587:
In the Roman Catholic Church since 1969, and in most
1262:
and of the patriarchs who believe in the gift of the
1066:
written especially for Lent, such as Michael Haydn's
2339:"L'Avent prépare Noel – Le développement historique"
2327:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 19.
2231:. Dublin, IE: J. Duffy – via Internet Archive.
1173:
has been formed for the third Saturday of Advent in
7477:
7405:
7369:
7342:
7269:
7262:
7234:
7218:
7184:
7156:
7123:
7116:
6849:
6777:
6727:
6695:
6635:
6607:
6598:
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6464:
6328:
6249:
6204:
6134:
6116:
6060:
6001:
5842:
5811:
5758:
5732:
5711:
5590:
5535:
5522:
5320:
5215:
5126:
4957:
4679:
4600:
4511:
4388:
4242:
4055:
3988:
3872:
3584:
3526:
3463:
3403:
3314:
The Season of Advent (Christian Resource Institute)
2666:"Liturgical vestment colors of the Orthodox Church"
2641:"Advent tradition: Rorate mass at Old Saint Mary's"
2419:. Kegan Paul Trench Trubner & Co. Ltd. p.
1727:
Fasting and abstinence in the Roman Catholic Church
960:Many churches hold special musical events, such as
952:
Medieval manuscript of Gregorian chant setting of "
914:in the Church of England. While Anglican liturgist
566:The liturgy of Advent remained unchanged until the
230:
222:
204:
186:
168:
150:
134:
99:
84:
76:
66:
45:
3203:
3201:
2927:
2719:
2717:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
2820:The Year Book of Daily Recreation and Information
1992:. Vol. 80. Concordia Publishing House. 1961.
1957:
1955:
1953:
1897:Kennedy, Rodney Wallace; Hatch, Derek C. (2013).
1280:, 13 December, which always falls within Advent.
1250:, meaning "Rejoice", of the entrance antiphon at
130:, gift giving, family and other social gatherings
2817:(1832). "5 December: Advent in Normandy".
2621:. Irondale, AL: Eternal Word Television Network
2124:. Festivals – GCSE Religious Studies Revision.
2045:Rice, Howard L.; Huffstutler, James C. (2001).
2789:. Vol. 2. Philadelphia. pp. 724–725.
2514:"The Season of Advent – Anticipation and Hope"
2402:La France pittoresque (france-pittoresque.com)
2398:"Origines et raison de la liturgie catholique"
7094:
5945:
4154:
3379:
3129:Hope, Love, Joy, Peace: An Advent study guide
2645:Catholic Telegraph (thecatholictelegraph.com)
2325:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
2025:
2023:
1051:music only on the first of the four Sundays.
779:
322:, originally referring to the Second Coming.
8:
2962:. Holiday Classics Publishing. p. 167.
2159:United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
2049:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 197.
1135:in the last days of Advent of the Calabrian
2101:The Church of England (churchofengland.org)
982:, may be sung. The "Late Advent Weekdays",
311:
302:
27:Christian church season preceding Christmas
7266:
7120:
7101:
7087:
7079:
6604:
6461:
6435:
5998:
5972:
5952:
5938:
5930:
5532:
4161:
4147:
4139:
3454:
3386:
3372:
3364:
2799:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2701:Catholic Education (catholiceducation.org)
1742:Mortification of the flesh in Christianity
1226:The wreath crown is traditionally made of
786:
772:
589:
51:
42:
3353:Online Resources for the Season of Advent
2245:New SCM Dictionary of Liturgy and Worship
1158:, with many people opting to erect their
1100:), later, but kept Advent as a season of
990:'. These are the daily antiphons for the
883:, which dates from the 8th century.
336:Practices associated with Advent include
7551:Nativity of Jesus in worship and liturgy
2248:. Hymns Ancient and Modern Ltd. p.
2073:Fritts, Kevin Basil (14 November 2012).
1929:Geddes, Gordon; Griffiths, Jane (2001).
1570:A variety of practices derived from the
1289:
986:, mark the singing of the Great Advent '
2446:General Instruction of the Roman Missal
2434:
2432:
2430:
2276:The Antiquities of the Christian Church
1876:
1758:
592:
3214:Reformed Worship (reformedworship.org)
3135:(study guide). World Vision, Inc. 2019
3097:Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
2871:Matulla, Stefanie (11 December 2016).
2792:
2516:. CRI/Voice, Institute. Archived from
2004:Germany Green Guide Michelin 2012–2013
5491:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
3325:American Catholic: Advent to Epiphany
3208:Hoffman, Jan Luben (September 1993).
3009:
3007:
3005:
2448:] (in Latin) (English ed.).
931:(but not on Sundays), white is used.
868:) lit on the third Sunday of Advent.
460:sacramental presence in the Eucharist
7:
4111:
3889:Bereitet die Wege, bereitet die Bahn
3283:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3154:Merritt, Carol (18 September 2018).
2676:from the original on 8 December 2009
2441:Institutio Generalis Missalis Romani
1292:Dates for the four Sundays of Advent
3975:Wir sagen euch an den lieben Advent
3856:Hark, a Thrilling Voice Is Sounding
3713:Lo! He comes with clouds descending
3242:. Advent devotional. Archived from
1147:to pay homage to the infant Jesus.
395:of the Orthodox Church, and in the
6952:All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve
6946:All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day
6401:All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve
6395:All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day
3734:Macht weit die Pforten in der Welt
3359:Artcyclopedia Advent Calendar 2004
3273:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
2905:"Préparer une couronne de l'Avent"
2873:"Das 'TĂĽrchen' zum 3. Advent"
852:of the clergy, and often also the
301:. The name was adopted from Latin
25:
3493:Davidic dynasty in Bible prophecy
2302:St. Gregory, bishop of Tours
2197:Karkan, Betsy (2 December 2016).
1815:to us in the Word and Sacraments.
856:. On the third Sunday of Advent,
293:. Advent is the beginning of the
7209:
7061:
6051:
5912:
5911:
5367:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
5262:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
4121:
4110:
4101:
4100:
3814:Sei uns willkommen, Herre Christ
3762:Der Morgenstern ist aufgedrungen
3631:Come, thou Redeemer of the earth
3327:Prayers, calendar and activities
3262:
3234:Tullos, Matt (1 December 2017).
3043:[Christmas in Croatia].
2727:Christmas Customs and Traditions
2130:British Broadcasting Corporation
2075:"Four reasons it's not 'Advent'"
1595:Advent (the final Sunday of the
1591:since at least 2000, the Sunday
520:directed that starting with the
146:, sixth) Sunday before Christmas
3960:Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme
3897:Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben
3863:Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme
3828:There is no rose of such virtue
3331:Liturgical Resources for Advent
2177:Catholic Answers (catholic.com)
1962:Pfatteicher, Philip H. (2013).
1039:Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben
307:"coming; arrival", translating
5347:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
5276:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
4659:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
4438:Legend of the Christmas Spider
3802:Of the Father's Heart Begotten
3788:O Heiland, reiĂź die Himmel auf
3652:Come, Thou Long Expected Jesus
3476:Christian messianic prophecies
2783:Chambers, Robert, ed. (1864).
2207:Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
2006:. Michelin. 2012. p. 73.
1698:Prophets–Angels–Shepherds–Magi
1023:O Heiland, reiĂź die Himmel auf
1:
7357:Annunciation to the shepherds
5298:Christmas television specials
5197:The New Oxford Book of Carols
4284:Annunciation to the shepherds
4018:The New Oxford Book of Carols
3968:Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!
3741:Maria durch ein Dornwald ging
3348:Advent Online Devotional site
3309:Daily Advent Devotional (LHM)
3158:. Chalice Press. p. 48.
3047:(in Croatian). Archived from
2697:"What are the 'O Antiphons'?"
2561:Bates, J. Barrington (2003).
2173:"The three Advents of Christ"
2151:"Liturgical notes for Advent"
1662:Other weekly theme variations
1021:" from the 15th century and "
383:in its preparatory services.
273:is a season observed in most
6360:Nativity of John the Baptist
5352:Christmas and holiday season
3930:Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland
3922:Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland
3914:Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland
3769:Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland
3186:(study guide). December 2011
3156:I Am Mary: Advent Devotional
2199:"Lutheran Advent traditions"
1517:), they look forward to the
1032:Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland
1019:Es kommt ein Schiff, geladen
836:for Advent has been violet;
3849:Vi tänder ett ljus i advent
3842:Savior of the Nations, Come
3755:Mit Ernst, o Menschenkinder
3748:Meine Seele, dank und singe
3699:Jesus Christ the Apple Tree
2990:(in German). 5 January 2008
2724:Miles, Clement A. (2017) .
2615:"Blue liturgical vestments"
2500:The United Methodist Church
2279:. Robert Knaplock. p.
1968:. Oxford University Press.
1899:Baptists at Work in Worship
1091:Quadragesima Sancti Martini
1069:Missa tempore Quadragesimae
57:Lighting the candles of an
7567:
7068:Catholic Church portal
4264:Adoration of the Shepherds
3938:This Is the Record of John
3881:Ă„rgre dich, o Seele, nicht
3795:O How Shall I Receive Thee
3666:Es ist ein Ros entsprungen
3014:Just, Felix (4 May 2018).
2579:10.1177/003932070303300106
2492:"The color blue in Advent"
2480:– via newadvent.org.
2386:– via newadvent.org.
1695:Faithfulness–Hope–Joy–Love
1489:
1246:" after the opening word,
1184:
941:
842:Durandus of Saint-Pourçain
825:
371:The analogue of Advent in
29:
7207:
7001:
6972:
6752:Mass of the Lord's Supper
6460:
6434:
6224:Mass of the Lord's Supper
6049:
5997:
5971:
5907:
5508:WWE Tribute to the Troops
5269:A Visit from St. Nicholas
5190:The Oxford Book of Carols
4766:Feast of the Seven Fishes
4329:Massacre of the Innocents
4178:
4096:
4011:The Oxford Book of Carols
3945:Unser lieben Frauen Traum
3821:Singet fröhlich im Advent
3692:In das Warten dieser Welt
3600:Advent är mörker och kyla
3452:
3184:Our Daily Bread (ODB.org)
3116:(second ed.). 1989 .
3113:Oxford English Dictionary
3095:(FAQ). Growing in faith.
2988:medienwerkstatt-online.de
2958:Mosteller, Angie (2010).
2747:– via Google Books.
2423:– via Google Books.
2378:. Robert Appleton Company
2323:Cross, F.L., ed. (1974).
1978:– via Google Books.
1933:. Heinemann. p. 99.
1903:Wipf and Stock Publishers
1845:the Book of Common Prayer
1678:, symbolizing faith; the
1625:The third Sunday, called
1456:
1439:
1422:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1371:
1354:
1337:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1203:A giant Advent wreath in
92:and commemoration of the
50:
7531:5th-century Christianity
6126:Presentation of the Lord
5310:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
4039:Hymns Ancient and Modern
3873:Cantatas and other music
3835:Tochter Zion, freue dich
3781:O Come, O Come, Emmanuel
2415:Kellner, K.A.H. (1908).
2273:Bingham, Joseph (1726).
2030:Normark, Helena (1997).
1674:, symbolizing hope; the
1601:Feast of Christ the King
1008:O come, O come, Emmanuel
888:Lutheran Book of Worship
818:Celebration of a Advent
755:Dedication of the Church
456:Incarnation at Bethlehem
7013:holy days of obligation
6925:Exaltation of the Cross
6549:Octave Day of Christmas
6389:Exaltation of the Cross
5472:Small Business Saturday
5342:Black Friday (shopping)
5337:Black Friday (partying)
4831:Nine Lessons and Carols
4761:Events and celebrations
4128:Christianity portal
3980:List of Advent cantatas
3720:Long Ago, Prophets Knew
3706:KĂĽndet allen in der Not
2926:Colbert, Teddy (1996).
2763:Encyclopædia Britannica
2730:. Courier Corporation.
1765:... "since the time of
1682:, symbolizing joy; the
1636:Fourth Sunday in Advent
1616:Second Sunday in Advent
1599:) is celebrated as the
1544:Fourth Sunday in Advent
1524:Second Sunday in Advent
962:Nine Lessons and Carols
873:Christian denominations
480:Council of Tours of 567
275:Christian denominations
36:Advent (disambiguation)
18:Second Sunday of Advent
7495:Church of the Nativity
6886:Saint John the Baptist
5116:Post-War United States
4004:The New English Hymnal
3624:Bereden väg för Herran
3020:Catholic-resources.org
2097:"Advent and Christmas"
1701:Faith–Prepare–Joy–Love
1622:Third Sunday in Advent
1610:First Sunday in Advent
1567:
1537:On the Third Sunday ("
1534:Third Sunday in Advent
1510:First Sunday in Advent
1487:
1221:Johann Hinrich Wichern
1212:
1196:
1165:Since 2011, an Advent
957:
896:Book of Common Worship
823:
587:
568:Second Vatican Council
497:
458:, then in a perpetual
312:
303:
34:. For other uses, see
7392:Saint Joseph's dreams
7387:Virgin birth of Jesus
7329:Adoration of the Magi
6892:Saints Peter and Paul
6798:Sundays after Easter
6505:Immaculate Conception
6366:Saints Peter and Paul
6037:Immaculate Conception
5165:Hit singles in the US
5160:Hit singles in the UK
4721:Carols by Candlelight
4649:Santa Claus' daughter
4257:Adoration of the Magi
4063:Anglican church music
3678:The Holly and the Ivy
3645:The Cherry-Tree Carol
3638:Conditor alme siderum
3549:Hanging of the greens
3513:Saint Joseph's dreams
3355:at The Text This Week
3295:Book of Common Prayer
3280:Catholic Encyclopedia
3075:stpaulskingsville.org
2759:"Saint Martin's Lent"
2548:The Parson's Handbook
2470:Catholic Encyclopedia
2450:Roman Catholic Church
2375:Catholic Encyclopedia
2229:"The liturgical year"
1860:Book of Common Prayer
1836:U.S. Episcopal Church
1784:Christmas decorations
1561:
1513:On the First Sunday (
1485:
1478:Roman Catholic Church
1202:
1194:
951:
894:and the Presbyterian
817:
581:
538:Gelasian Sacramentary
512:. According to Saint
492:
462:, and thirdly at his
419:on 24 December.
366:hanging of the greens
362:Christmas decorations
124:hanging of the greens
7546:December observances
7541:November observances
6964:Presentation of Mary
6590:Purification of Mary
6413:Presentation of Mary
5457:Santa's Candy Castle
4781:Google Santa Tracker
3685:Hosianna, Davids son
3319:Advent Sermon Series
3236:"Week 1: Faith"
1990:The Lutheran Witness
1767:Bernard of Clairvaux
1566:decorating the gates
1169:consisting of 2,500
834:Western Christianity
493:A representation of
446:(11 November).
373:Eastern Christianity
344:, praying an Advent
299:Western Christianity
114:, praying through a
88:Preparation for the
7526:480s establishments
6981:Ordinary Procession
6585:Baptism of the Lord
6279:Divine Mercy Sunday
6108:Baptism of the Lord
6095:Mary, Mother of God
5462:Santa Claus Village
5377:Christmas Mountains
5283:Journey of the Magi
4289:Baptism of the Lord
3618:Angelus ad virginem
3341:10 May 2012 at the
2885:on 26 February 2022
2852:on 23 December 2016
2695:Saunders, William.
2601:"Times and seasons"
2404:(in French). 2012 .
2367:Mershman, Francis.
2128:. Bitesize guides.
1692:Hope–Peace–Joy–Love
1689:Hope–Love–Joy–Peace
1686:, symbolizing peace
1296:
1054:During Advent, the
1027:cantatas for Advent
879:(Lutheran) and the
255:Baptism of the Lord
138:Fourth (or, in the
80:Christian, cultural
61:in a church service
7041:Liturgical colours
6555:Holy Name of Jesus
5572:Twelve-dish supper
5422:Jews and Christmas
5372:Christmas Lectures
5101:American Civil War
4836:NORAD Tracks Santa
4212:Saint Nicholas Day
4032:The English Hymnal
3989:Music publications
3727:Macht hoch die TĂĽr
3498:Genealogy of Jesus
3446:Saint Nicholas Day
3246:on 25 January 2016
3051:on 6 December 2013
2520:on 2 February 2010
1568:
1488:
1290:
1213:
1197:
1175:Frankfurt-Bornheim
958:
828:Liturgical colours
824:
745:Elijah–Cross–Moses
594:Liturgical seasons
588:
498:
285:and the return of
279:Nativity of Christ
7536:Christian fasting
7508:
7507:
7440:Nativity displays
7430:Christmas village
7397:Flight into Egypt
7382:Star of Bethlehem
7365:
7364:
7271:Gospel of Matthew
7236:Gifts of the Magi
7205:
7204:
7110:Nativity of Jesus
7076:
7075:
6997:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6983:according to the
6935:Maternity of Mary
6930:Autumn Ember Days
6864:Summer Ember Days
6723:
6722:
6675:Spring Ember Days
6516:Winter Ember Days
6430:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6043:December 17 to 23
5927:
5926:
5903:
5902:
5567:Thirteen desserts
5487:Virginia O'Hanlon
5332:Advent Conspiracy
5246:Films (Christmas,
5238:A Christmas Carol
5183:Carols for Choirs
4726:Cavalcade of Magi
4706:Boar's Head Feast
4375:Star of Bethlehem
4346:Nativity of Jesus
4334:flight into Egypt
4219:St. Stephen's Day
4136:
4135:
3997:Carols for Choirs
3672:Gabriel's Message
3593:Adam lay ybounden
3554:Christmas markets
3081:on 17 March 2013.
2969:978-0-9845649-0-3
2941:978-0-87905-700-8
2930:The Living Wreath
2737:978-0-4862-3354-3
2056:978-0-664-50147-1
2034:. Graphic Garden.
2013:978-2-0671-8211-0
1975:978-0-1999-9714-5
1940:978-0-435-30695-3
1912:978-1-62189-843-6
1680:Shepherds' Candle
1589:Anglican churches
1473:
1472:
1110:Oriental Orthodox
1064:Mass compositions
838:Pope Innocent III
810:Liturgical colour
796:
795:
542:Gregory the Great
484:J. Neil Alexander
268:
267:
263:Nativity of Jesus
16:(Redirected from
7558:
7267:
7213:
7121:
7103:
7096:
7089:
7080:
7066:
7065:
7020:Older calendars
6920:Nativity of Mary
6851:Pentecost Season
6605:
6526:Christmas Season
6462:
6436:
6384:Nativity of Mary
6062:Christmas Season
6055:
5999:
5973:
5954:
5947:
5940:
5931:
5919:
5915:
5914:
5750:Redcurrant sauce
5539:
5533:
5528:
5502:Winter festivals
5252:Christmas horror
5219:
5130:
4961:
4816:Meals and feasts
4736:Christmas jumper
4683:
4654:Santa's reindeer
4606:
4552:Father Christmas
4516:
4473:Santa's workshop
4394:
4356:in later culture
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4172:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4140:
4126:
4125:
4114:
4113:
4104:
4103:
3508:John the Baptist
3458:
3397:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3365:
3284:
3266:
3265:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3205:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3041:"Božić u Hrvata"
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3011:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2933:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2884:
2879:. Archived from
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2798:
2790:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2721:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2567:Studia Liturgica
2558:
2552:
2551:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2464:"Gaudete Sunday"
2460:
2454:
2453:
2436:
2425:
2424:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2343:infocatho.cef.fr
2335:
2329:
2328:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2259:978-0-33404932-6
2239:
2233:
2232:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2047:Reformed Worship
2042:
2036:
2035:
2032:Modern Christmas
2027:
2018:
2017:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1959:
1948:
1947:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1894:
1864:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1780:
1774:
1763:
1732:Four last things
1712:Christmas market
1676:Bethlehem Candle
1672:Prophets' Candle
1631:John the Baptist
1529:John the Baptist
1297:
1293:
1278:Saint Lucy's Day
1156:Christmas season
1029:in Weimar, from
1015:songs for Advent
985:
877:Church of Sweden
788:
781:
774:
590:
586:, Czech Republic
584:Prague Cathedral
530:Council of Macon
522:St. Martin's Day
514:Gregory of Tours
506:St Martin's Lent
504:, known also as
444:St. Martin's Day
346:daily devotional
338:Advent calendars
317:
306:
116:daily devotional
106:, completing an
67:Observed by
55:
43:
21:
7566:
7565:
7561:
7560:
7559:
7557:
7556:
7555:
7511:
7510:
7509:
7504:
7473:
7401:
7361:
7338:
7258:
7230:
7214:
7201:
7197:Herod the Great
7180:
7152:
7112:
7107:
7077:
7072:
7060:
6989:
6968:
6940:Christ the King
6908:Transfiguration
6845:
6773:
6729:Paschal Triduum
6719:
6691:
6631:
6594:
6565:Epiphany Season
6559:
6520:
6456:
6441:Tridentine Mass
6422:
6418:Christ the King
6372:Transfiguration
6324:
6245:
6206:Paschal Triduum
6200:
6130:
6112:
6056:
6047:
5993:
5967:
5965:Catholic Church
5961:Liturgical year
5958:
5928:
5923:
5917:
5899:
5865:Pickled herring
5838:
5807:
5754:
5745:Cranberry sauce
5728:
5707:
5683:Red velvet cake
5668:Poppy seed roll
5586:
5537:
5526:
5524:
5518:
5497:White Christmas
5387:Christmas truce
5382:Christmas seals
5362:Christmas creep
5324:
5322:
5316:
5217:
5211:
5128:
5122:
4959:
4953:
4806:Lord of Misrule
4741:Christmas Peace
4691:Advent calendar
4681:
4675:
4624:Knecht Ruprecht
4604:
4602:
4596:
4518:
4514:
4507:
4396:
4392:
4384:
4309:Herod the Great
4244:
4238:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4137:
4132:
4120:
4092:
4088:Liturgical year
4051:
4046:The Hymnal 1982
3984:
3868:
3585:Songs and hymns
3580:
3534:Advent calendar
3522:
3459:
3450:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3343:Wayback Machine
3305:
3290:
3288:Further reading
3272:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3249:
3247:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3199:
3189:
3187:
3180:"Advent Themes"
3178:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3093:"Advent wreath"
3091:
3090:
3086:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3054:
3052:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3013:
3012:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2970:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2934:. Gibbs Smith.
2925:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2877:Bistums Limburg
2870:
2869:
2865:
2855:
2853:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2767:
2765:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2647:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2624:
2622:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2438:
2437:
2428:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1961:
1960:
1951:
1941:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1905:. p. 147.
1896:
1895:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1790:
1781:
1777:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1708:
1664:
1605:Reign of Christ
1597:liturgical year
1556:
1502:Catholic Church
1494:
1480:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1237:Christ the King
1189:
1183:
1160:Christmas trees
1118:
1078:
983:
964:and singing of
946:
942:Main category:
940:
912:Oxford Movement
892:Book of Worship
830:
812:
792:
683:Paschal Triduum
582:Rorate Mass in
576:
495:Saint Perpetuus
476:
468:final judgement
452:
432:liturgical year
428:Catholic Church
389:
333:Second Coming.
295:liturgical year
231:Related to
216:Mozarabic Rites
209:
198:Mozarabic Rites
191:
180:Mozarabic Rites
173:
162:Mozarabic Rites
155:
144:Mozarabic Rites
108:Advent calendar
104:Church services
62:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7564:
7562:
7554:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7513:
7512:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7481:
7479:
7475:
7474:
7472:
7471:
7466:
7465:
7464:
7454:
7449:
7448:
7447:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7411:
7409:
7403:
7402:
7400:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7373:
7371:
7367:
7366:
7363:
7362:
7360:
7359:
7354:
7348:
7346:
7344:Gospel of Luke
7340:
7339:
7337:
7336:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7275:
7273:
7264:
7260:
7259:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7240:
7238:
7232:
7231:
7229:
7228:
7222:
7220:
7216:
7215:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7200:
7199:
7194:
7188:
7186:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7162:
7160:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7129:
7127:
7118:
7114:
7113:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7098:
7091:
7083:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7070:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7037:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7017:
7016:
7006:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6987:
6977:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6966:
6961:
6959:All Souls' Day
6956:
6955:
6954:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6898:Precious Blood
6895:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6875:Corpus Christi
6871:
6869:Trinity Sunday
6866:
6861:
6855:
6853:
6847:
6846:
6844:
6843:
6836:
6831:
6830:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6783:
6781:
6775:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6755:
6754:
6749:
6739:
6733:
6731:
6725:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6705:Passion Sunday
6701:
6699:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6689:
6684:
6677:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6647:
6641:
6639:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6613:
6611:
6602:
6596:
6595:
6593:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6569:
6567:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6557:
6552:
6545:
6544:
6543:
6530:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6518:
6513:
6511:Greater Ferias
6508:
6501:
6496:
6495:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6470:
6468:
6458:
6457:
6439:
6432:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6408:All Souls' Day
6405:
6404:
6403:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6374:
6369:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6344:Corpus Christi
6340:
6338:Trinity Sunday
6334:
6332:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6322:
6317:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6268:
6267:
6266:
6255:
6253:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6210:
6208:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6176:
6175:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6146:
6140:
6138:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6128:
6122:
6120:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6110:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6079:
6066:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6050:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6033:
6032:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6007:
6005:
5995:
5994:
5976:
5969:
5968:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5949:
5942:
5934:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5921:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5815:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5796:Smoking Bishop
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5762:
5760:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5543:
5541:
5530:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5484:
5479:
5477:Super Saturday
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5407:Giving Tuesday
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5357:Christmas club
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5328:
5326:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5307:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5272:
5265:
5255:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5234:
5223:
5221:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5204:Piae Cantiones
5200:
5193:
5186:
5176:
5170:Music charts (
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5134:
5132:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4965:
4963:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4855:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4687:
4685:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4639:Père Fouettard
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4610:
4608:
4605:Saint Nicholas
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4557:Grandpa Indian
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4525:Saint Nicholas
4521:
4519:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4463:Old Man Winter
4460:
4455:
4450:
4448:Miner's figure
4445:
4440:
4435:
4433:Kallikantzaros
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4399:
4397:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4363:Nativity scene
4360:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4343:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4248:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4198:Children's Day
4194:
4187:
4184:Blue Christmas
4179:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4143:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4118:
4108:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4073:Lutheran hymns
4070:
4068:Catholic music
4065:
4059:
4057:
4056:Related topics
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4025:Piae Cantiones
4021:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3964:
3956:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3910:
3901:
3893:
3885:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3615:
3608:
3603:
3596:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3566:Stir-up Sunday
3563:
3562:
3561:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3431:Gaudete Sunday
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3345:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3311:
3304:
3303:External links
3301:
3300:
3299:
3289:
3286:
3258:
3257:
3226:
3197:
3171:
3164:
3146:
3119:
3102:
3084:
3062:
3032:
3018:. Lectionary.
3001:
2975:
2968:
2950:
2940:
2918:
2896:
2863:
2837:
2823:. London, UK:
2806:
2775:
2750:
2736:
2713:
2687:
2657:
2632:
2606:
2592:
2553:
2540:Dearmer, Percy
2531:
2505:
2483:
2455:
2426:
2407:
2389:
2356:
2330:
2315:
2293:
2265:
2258:
2234:
2219:
2189:
2164:
2142:
2113:
2088:
2065:
2055:
2037:
2019:
2012:
1995:
1981:
1974:
1949:
1939:
1918:
1911:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1827:
1817:
1807:
1798:
1788:
1775:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1717:Dormition Fast
1714:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:Angel's Candle
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1646:
1637:
1634:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1585:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:Gaudete Sunday
1535:
1532:
1525:
1522:
1511:
1490:Main article:
1486:Advent candles
1479:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1285:
1282:
1244:Gaudete Sunday
1182:
1179:
1117:
1114:
1077:
1074:
1047:which allowed
1004:Evening Prayer
984:17–24 December
971:oratorio. The
939:
936:
925:Blessed Virgin
881:Mozarabic Rite
862:Laetare Sunday
858:Gaudete Sunday
811:
808:
804:Last Judgement
794:
793:
791:
790:
783:
776:
768:
765:
764:
763:
762:
752:
742:
735:Dormition Fast
732:
725:Apostles' Fast
722:
712:
711:
710:
695:
690:
680:
662:
657:
656:
655:
640:
635:
634:
633:
623:
613:
602:Pre-Christmas
597:
596:
575:
572:
561:Ambrosian Rite
475:
472:
451:
448:
440:Mozarabic Rite
436:Ambrosian Rite
388:
385:
375:is called the
350:Christmas tree
340:, lighting an
331:eschatological
266:
265:
232:
228:
227:
224:
220:
219:
206:
205:2026 date
202:
201:
188:
187:2025 date
184:
183:
170:
169:2024 date
166:
165:
152:
151:2023 date
148:
147:
136:
132:
131:
101:
97:
96:
94:birth of Jesus
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
56:
48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7563:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7518:
7516:
7501:
7500:Nativity Fast
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7482:
7480:
7476:
7470:
7467:
7463:
7460:
7459:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7452:Nativity play
7450:
7446:
7443:
7442:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7412:
7410:
7408:
7404:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7374:
7372:
7368:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7345:
7341:
7334:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7268:
7265:
7261:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7237:
7233:
7227:
7224:
7223:
7221:
7217:
7212:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7183:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7159:
7155:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7138:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7126:
7122:
7119:
7115:
7111:
7104:
7099:
7097:
7092:
7090:
7085:
7084:
7081:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7019:
7018:
7014:
7011:marks the 10
7010:
7007:
7004:
7003:
7000:
6986:
6982:
6978:
6975:
6974:
6971:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6948:
6947:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6915:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6893:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6876:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6848:
6842:
6841:
6837:
6835:
6834:Rogation Days
6832:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6797:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6788:
6787:Easter Sunday
6785:
6784:
6782:
6780:
6779:Easter Season
6776:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6764:Holy Saturday
6762:
6760:
6757:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6742:Holy Thursday
6740:
6738:
6735:
6734:
6732:
6730:
6726:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6682:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6646:
6645:Ash Wednesday
6643:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6634:
6628:
6627:Quinquagesima
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6610:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6597:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6562:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6546:
6542:
6541:Christmas Eve
6539:
6538:
6537:
6536:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6527:
6523:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6463:
6459:
6454:
6453:1960 Calendar
6450:
6446:
6442:
6437:
6433:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6379:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6330:Ordinary Time
6327:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6311:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6260:
6259:Easter Sunday
6257:
6256:
6254:
6252:
6251:Easter Season
6248:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6236:Holy Saturday
6234:
6232:
6229:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6215:
6214:Holy Thursday
6212:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6203:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6177:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6145:
6144:Ash Wednesday
6142:
6141:
6139:
6137:
6133:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6119:
6118:Ordinary Time
6115:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6103:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6083:
6082:Midnight Mass
6080:
6078:
6077:Christmas Eve
6075:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6054:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5991:
5990:1969 Calendar
5987:
5983:
5979:
5978:Ordinary Form
5974:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5955:
5950:
5948:
5943:
5941:
5936:
5935:
5932:
5920:
5910:
5909:
5906:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5843:Meat and fish
5841:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5804:
5801:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5781:Hot chocolate
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5521:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5482:Ugly sweaters
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5392:Controversies
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5319:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5291:
5287:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5227:In literature
5225:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5214:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5125:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5096:United States
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4956:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4826:Moravian star
4824:
4822:
4821:Midnight Mass
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4711:Candle arches
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4701:Advent wreath
4699:
4697:
4696:Advent candle
4694:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4678:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4660:
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4341:Nativity Fast
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4274:Angel Gabriel
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2015:
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1747:Nativity Fast
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1268:Last Judgment
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1264:Promised Land
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1224:
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1187:Advent wreath
1181:Advent wreath
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1152:Advent candle
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916:Percy Dearmer
913:
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851:
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843:
839:
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821:
816:
809:
807:
805:
801:
800:Second Coming
789:
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766:
760:
756:
753:
750:
746:
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708:
704:
703:Ordinary Time
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688:
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681:
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649:
648:Ordinary Time
646:
645:
644:
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639:
636:
631:
627:
624:
621:
617:
616:Nativity Fast
614:
611:
607:
604:
603:
601:
600:
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598:
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585:
580:
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571:
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531:
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519:
515:
511:
510:Nativity Fast
507:
503:
496:
491:
487:
485:
481:
473:
471:
469:
465:
464:Second Coming
461:
457:
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
417:Christmas Eve
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
386:
384:
382:
378:
377:Nativity Fast
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
356:, lighting a
355:
354:Chrismon tree
351:
348:, erecting a
347:
343:
342:Advent wreath
339:
334:
332:
328:
323:
321:
320:New Testament
316:
315:
310:
305:
300:
296:
292:
291:Second Coming
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
264:
260:
259:Nativity Fast
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:Christmas Eve
236:
235:Christmastide
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
210:15 November (
207:
203:
199:
195:
192:16 November (
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:17 November (
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:19 November (
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:, lighting a
125:
121:
120:Chrismon tree
118:, erecting a
117:
113:
112:Advent wreath
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
90:Second Coming
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
60:
59:Advent wreath
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
32:Nativity Fast
19:
7484:
7478:Remembrances
7324:Matthew 2:11
7319:Matthew 1:25
7314:Matthew 1:24
7309:Matthew 1:23
7304:Matthew 1:22
7299:Matthew 1:21
7294:Matthew 1:20
7289:Matthew 1:19
7284:Matthew 1:18
7249:Frankincense
7133:Christ Child
7056:Easter cycle
7008:
6985:Roman Ritual
6944:
6912:
6890:
6881:Sacred Heart
6873:
6838:
6769:Easter Vigil
6687:Annunciation
6681:Saint Joseph
6679:
6617:Septuagesima
6572:
6547:
6533:
6503:
6465:
6449:Latin Church
6393:
6376:
6364:
6350:Sacred Heart
6342:
6312:
6241:Easter Vigil
6186:Annunciation
6180:Saint Joseph
6178:
6100:
6093:
6069:
6035:
6002:
5986:Latin Church
5855:Gefilte fish
5803:Ponche crema
5638:Melomakarono
5506:
5397:Cyber Monday
5302:
5267:
5236:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5178:Music books
5171:
5009:Nazi Germany
4901:
4897:Secret Santa
4884:
4771:Flying Santa
4478:TiĂł de Nadal
4428:Korvatunturi
4279:Annunciation
4268:
4245:Christianity
4226:Sol Invictus
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3967:
3959:
3951:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3921:
3913:
3905:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3808:Rorate Caeli
3610:
3394:
3293:
3278:
3261:
3248:. Retrieved
3244:the original
3239:
3229:
3217:. Retrieved
3213:
3188:. Retrieved
3183:
3174:
3155:
3149:
3137:. Retrieved
3128:
3122:
3111:
3105:
3087:
3079:the original
3074:
3065:
3053:. Retrieved
3049:the original
3044:
3035:
3023:. Retrieved
3019:
2992:. Retrieved
2987:
2978:
2959:
2953:
2945:
2929:
2921:
2909:. Retrieved
2899:
2887:. Retrieved
2882:the original
2866:
2854:. Retrieved
2850:the original
2840:
2828:. Retrieved
2819:
2809:
2785:
2778:
2766:. Retrieved
2762:
2753:
2741:. Retrieved
2726:
2704:. Retrieved
2700:
2690:
2678:. Retrieved
2669:
2660:
2648:. Retrieved
2644:
2635:
2623:. Retrieved
2618:
2609:
2595:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2547:
2534:
2522:. Retrieved
2518:the original
2508:
2495:
2486:
2474:. Retrieved
2467:
2458:
2445:
2440:
2416:
2410:
2401:
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
2372:
2347:. Retrieved
2342:
2333:
2324:
2318:
2309:
2305:
2296:
2284:. Retrieved
2275:
2268:
2244:
2237:
2222:
2210:. Retrieved
2202:
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2176:
2167:
2154:
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2125:
2116:
2104:. Retrieved
2100:
2091:
2081:29 September
2079:. Retrieved
2068:
2060:
2046:
2040:
2031:
2003:
1998:
1989:
1984:
1964:
1944:
1931:Christianity
1930:
1898:
1859:
1853:
1843:
1830:
1820:
1810:
1801:
1791:
1778:
1761:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1649:
1640:
1626:
1604:
1592:
1581:
1580:Last Sunday
1569:
1495:
1469:24 December
1466:17 December
1463:10 December
1452:19 December
1449:12 December
1443:28 November
1435:20 December
1432:13 December
1426:29 November
1418:21 December
1415:14 December
1409:30 November
1401:22 December
1398:15 December
1384:24 December
1381:17 December
1378:10 December
1367:18 December
1364:11 December
1358:27 November
1350:19 December
1347:12 December
1341:28 November
1333:20 December
1330:13 December
1324:29 November
1284:Four Sundays
1275:
1272:
1256:
1247:
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1233:
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1214:
1164:
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1136:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1095:
1090:
1079:
1067:
1053:
1038:
1031:
1012:
973:Advent Prose
967:
959:
954:Rorate Coeli
944:Advent music
933:
921:
905:
885:
870:
865:
831:
797:
758:
748:
738:
728:
718:
706:
686:
676:
668:
651:
629:
626:Annunciation
619:
609:
605:
565:
557:Pope Urban V
554:
550:
535:
527:
499:
477:
453:
450:Significance
421:
409:Presbyterian
393:Western Rite
390:
380:
370:
335:
324:
270:
269:
251:Epiphanytide
243:Annunciation
85:Significance
40:
7125:Holy Family
7009:Italic font
6759:Good Friday
6747:Chrism Mass
6710:Palm Sunday
6697:Passiontide
6580:Holy Family
6499:Rorate Mass
6231:Good Friday
6219:Chrism Mass
6191:Palm Sunday
6089:Holy Family
5870:Roast goose
5791:Mulled wine
5771:Champurrado
5766:Apple cider
5740:Bread sauce
5693:Szaloncukor
5673:Pumpkin pie
5623:Gingerbread
5577:Smörgåsbord
5218:Other media
5056:Philippines
5046:New Zealand
4929:Twelve Days
4886:Räuchermann
4841:Nutcrackers
4791:Las Posadas
4751:Decorations
4731:Christingle
4671:Zwarte Piet
4666:Snegurochka
4587:Sinterklaas
4537:Santa Claus
3952:Virga Jesse
3775:O Antiphons
3606:Advent song
3544:Christingle
3471:Fall of man
3250:10 December
3240:lifeway.com
3219:10 December
3190:10 December
3139:28 November
2994:11 December
2889:24 December
2856:23 December
2825:Thomas Tegg
2706:30 November
2680:14 December
2670:Aggreen.org
2625:21 November
2524:14 December
2502:. May 2007.
2476:10 December
2349:15 November
2345:(in French)
2286:20 December
2212:31 December
2182:30 December
1492:Advent Mass
1460:3 December
1446:5 December
1429:6 December
1412:7 December
1395:8 December
1392:1 December
1375:3 December
1361:4 December
1344:5 December
1327:6 December
1116:Local rites
1106:Rose Sunday
1045:silent time
988:O antiphons
929:Rorate Mass
749:East Syriac
719:East Syriac
546:Charlemagne
358:Christingle
208:29 November
190:30 November
128:Christingle
100:Observances
7515:Categories
7407:In culture
7263:Narratives
7034:Tridentine
6914:Assumption
6903:Visitation
6622:Sexagesima
6445:Roman Rite
6378:Assumption
6355:Visitation
5982:Roman Rite
5598:Candy cane
5547:Joulupöytä
5447:Pikkujoulu
5111:New Mexico
4960:By country
4934:Wassailing
4875:Poinsettia
4682:Traditions
4634:Mrs. Claus
4614:Belsnickel
4567:Julemanden
4562:Joulupukki
4493:Wenceslaus
4458:North Pole
4423:Jack Frost
4413:Christkind
4368:Neapolitan
4191:Boxing Day
3954:(Bruckner)
3899:, BWV 147a
3883:, BWV 186a
3612:Adventstid
3527:Traditions
3481:Isaiah 9:6
3464:Narratives
3441:Magnificat
3426:Ember days
3055:29 October
3025:14 January
2911:29 October
2768:4 December
2743:14 January
2650:30 October
2382:3 December
2135:12 January
2106:12 January
1871:References
1737:Great Lent
1722:Ember days
1642:Magnificat
1572:Roman rite
1521:of Christ.
1498:Roman Rite
1295:2020–2028
1205:Kaufbeuren
1185:See also:
1041:, BWV 147a
992:Magnificat
977:antiphonal
908:Sarum rite
854:tabernacle
846:antependia
826:See also:
673:Great Lent
574:Traditions
424:Roman Rite
368:ceremony.
172:1 December
154:3 December
71:Christians
7490:Christmas
7279:Matthew 1
7226:Bethlehem
7192:Shepherds
7176:Balthazar
6859:Pentecost
6840:Ascension
6715:Holy Week
6535:Christmas
6320:Pentecost
6314:Ascension
6196:Holy Week
6071:Christmas
5885:Tourtière
5875:Romeritos
5812:Dumplings
5759:Beverages
5663:Pecan pie
5653:Panettone
5648:Pampushka
5643:Mince pie
5618:Fruitcake
5562:RĂ©veillon
5442:NFL games
5437:NBA games
5432:In August
5402:Economics
5172:Billboard
5026:Indonesia
4969:Australia
4944:Yule goat
4919:Stockings
4853:Ornaments
4582:Père Noël
4577:Olentzero
4572:Noel Baba
4547:Ded Moroz
4503:Yule Lads
4443:Mari Lwyd
4294:Bethlehem
4171:Christmas
3962:, BWV 140
3904:Handel's
3891:, BWV 132
3486:Isaiah 53
3436:Hail Mary
2795:cite book
2587:193382638
2573:: 75–88.
2155:USCCB.org
2126:bbc.co.uk
1850:mincemeat
1771:Bethlehem
1753:Footnotes
1211:, Germany
1171:tealights
1167:labyrinth
1145:Bethlehem
1137:pifferari
1102:penitence
1082:Perpetuus
1017:include "
980:plainsong
966:Handel's
850:vestments
698:Pentecost
671:) /
638:Christmas
620:Byzantine
518:Perpetuus
434:. In the
413:Methodist
327:Bethlehem
318:from the
283:Christmas
223:Frequency
212:Ambrosian
194:Ambrosian
176:Ambrosian
158:Ambrosian
140:Ambrosian
7425:Batlejka
7166:Melchior
7051:Computus
7029:pre-1955
6737:Tenebrae
6649:Sundays
6609:Pre-Lent
6574:Epiphany
6473:Sundays
6270:Sundays
6148:Sundays
6102:Epiphany
6010:Sundays
5918:Category
5889:meat pie
5880:Stuffing
5834:Varenyky
5703:Yule log
5678:Qurabiya
5552:Julebord
5525:Food and
5452:SantaCon
5417:El Gordo
5304:Yule Log
5076:Scotland
4989:Ethiopia
4974:Colombia
4949:Yule log
4903:Spanbaum
4880:Pyramids
4746:Crackers
4644:Sack Man
4530:folklore
4498:Yule cat
4403:Badalisc
4393:folklore
4304:Epiphany
4106:Category
3932:, BWV 62
3924:, BWV 61
3908:(Part I)
3503:John 1:1
3339:Archived
3071:"Advent"
2674:Archived
2619:ewtn.com
2542:(1899).
2369:"Advent"
2304:(1836).
2203:lcms.org
2122:"Advent"
1852:, begun
1706:See also
1126:Normandy
1086:councils
1034:, BWV 61
1000:Evensong
802:and the
660:Pre-Lent
643:Epiphany
438:and the
405:Moravian
401:Lutheran
397:Anglican
381:parousia
314:parousia
304:adventus
247:Epiphany
7462:Serbian
7420:In film
7370:Related
7046:Ranking
6447:of the
6443:of the
5984:of the
5980:of the
5963:of the
5824:Pierogi
5819:Hallaca
5724:Borscht
5688:Stollen
5658:Pavlova
5633:MakĂłwki
5613:Cozonac
5582:Wigilia
5467:Scrooge
5427:In July
5325:society
5257:Poetry
5091:Ukraine
5066:Romania
5031:Ireland
5021:Iceland
5016:Hungary
5004:Germany
4994:Finland
4984:England
4979:Denmark
4939:Windows
4870:Piñatas
4858:Parades
4811:Markets
4796:Letters
4786:Hampers
4629:Krampus
4468:Perchta
4408:Caganer
4116:Commons
3970:BWV 70a
3906:Messiah
3416:Angelus
3404:Liturgy
3271::
2452:. 1969.
1840:collect
1834:In the
1796:Advent.
1627:Gaudete
1564:wreaths
1500:of the
1496:In the
1260:Abraham
1248:Gaudete
1209:Bavaria
1080:Bishop
1076:Fasting
1058:of the
1049:cantata
1013:German
996:Vespers
968:Messiah
866:Gaudete
820:vespers
739:Eastern
729:Eastern
707:Western
687:Western
677:Eastern
669:Western
652:Western
610:Western
508:or the
502:fasting
474:History
426:of the
422:In the
391:In the
289:at the
7521:Advent
7485:Advent
7469:Others
7457:Vertep
7435:Szopka
7415:In art
7377:Manger
7352:Luke 2
7333:In art
7185:Others
7171:Caspar
7148:Joseph
7117:People
7005:Legend
6976:Legend
6792:Octave
6466:Advent
6264:Octave
6003:Advent
5895:Turkey
5829:Tamale
5786:Kissel
5776:Eggnog
5733:Sauces
5719:Menudo
5698:TurrĂłn
5608:Cookie
5591:Sweets
5557:KĹ«ÄŤios
5538:Dinner
5412:Grinch
5323:modern
5290:Tomten
5249:Santa,
5232:novels
5150:Operas
5138:Carols
5106:Hawaii
5086:Sweden
5081:Serbia
5071:Russia
5061:Poland
5051:Norway
5041:Mexico
4999:France
4914:Stamps
4909:Szopka
4801:Lights
4756:Didukh
4592:Others
4542:Befana
4488:Vertep
4351:in art
4319:Joseph
4269:Advent
3916:(Böhm)
3396:Advent
3275:Advent
3162:
3045:hic.hr
2966:
2938:
2734:
2585:
2256:
2077:(blog)
2053:
2010:
1972:
1937:
1909:
1854:before
1838:, the
1652:Advent
1593:before
1584:Advent
1582:before
1141:manger
1056:Gloria
848:, the
759:Syriac
715:Summer
693:Easter
630:Syriac
606:Advent
411:, and
287:Christ
271:Advent
226:Annual
135:Begins
46:Advent
7445:theft
7254:Myrrh
7219:Place
7137:Jesus
5628:Kutia
5527:drink
5155:Songs
5129:Music
5036:Italy
4892:Seals
4846:dolls
4776:Gifts
4716:Cards
4619:Elves
4483:Turoń
4453:Nisse
4418:Grýla
4314:Jesus
3133:(PDF)
2830:2 May
2583:S2CID
2444:[
2308:[
1858:1662
1650:after
1457:2028
1440:2027
1423:2026
1406:2025
1389:2024
1372:2023
1355:2022
1338:2021
1321:2020
1300:Year
1036:, to
1002:, or
975:, an
938:Music
555:When
387:Dates
352:or a
309:Greek
7244:Gold
7158:Magi
7143:Mary
7024:1955
6979:P =
6637:Lent
6600:Lent
6136:Lent
5850:Carp
5712:Soup
5603:Cake
5514:Xmas
5143:list
4924:Tree
4863:list
4324:Mary
4233:Yule
3559:List
3252:2017
3221:2017
3192:2017
3160:ISBN
3141:2022
3110:"".
3057:2017
3027:2019
2996:2017
2964:ISBN
2936:ISBN
2913:2017
2891:2016
2858:2016
2832:2010
2801:link
2770:2013
2745:2019
2732:ISBN
2708:2009
2682:2009
2652:2019
2627:2017
2526:2009
2478:2016
2468:The
2384:2019
2373:The
2351:2017
2288:2014
2254:ISBN
2214:2022
2184:2022
2137:2021
2108:2021
2083:2014
2051:ISBN
2008:ISBN
1970:ISBN
1935:ISBN
1907:ISBN
1670:The
1316:4th
1308:2nd
1252:Mass
1133:Rome
1098:1917
1060:Mass
1010:".
901:Lent
886:The
665:Lent
528:The
466:and
214:and
196:and
178:and
160:and
142:and
110:and
77:Type
6827:6th
6822:5th
6817:4th
6812:3rd
6807:2nd
6802:1st
6668:4th
6663:3rd
6658:2nd
6653:1st
6492:4th
6487:3rd
6482:2nd
6477:1st
6306:7th
6301:6th
6296:5th
6291:4th
6286:3rd
6274:2nd
6172:5th
6167:4th
6162:3rd
6157:2nd
6152:1st
6029:4th
6024:3rd
6019:2nd
6014:1st
5860:Ham
4390:In
3277:".
2575:doi
2421:430
2281:357
1312:3rd
1304:1st
1228:fir
1143:at
1124:In
994:at
297:in
281:at
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4243:In
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2793:{{
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1952:^
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1270:.
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1177:.
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