566:
20:
1454:
1475:
555:
1464:
85:
The Vail curve (and the monograph itself) was the subject of debate among geologists, because it was based on undisclosed commercially confidential stratigraphic data, and hence not independently verifiable. Because of this, there were later efforts to establish a sea-level curve based on
143:
PR Vail, RM Mitchum Jr, S Thompson III, 1977, Seismic
Stratigraphy and Global Changes of Sea Level: Part 4. Global Cycles of Relative Changes of Sea Level.: Section 2. Application of Seismic Reflection Configuration to Stratigraphic Interpretation, AAPG Special Volumes 165,
23:
Comparison of two sea level reconstructions during the last 500 Myr: Exxon curve and Hallam curve. The scale of change during the last glacial/interglacial transition is indicated with a black bar.
1194:
1184:
243:
1100:
515:
283:
747:
111:
sea-level curve in 2008 also in
Science. Subsequent revisions of the Mesozoic eustatic sea-level curve have been published by Haq for the
637:
236:
1342:
769:
657:
165:
1189:
460:
161:
607:
647:
1467:
1377:
363:
1050:
1457:
229:
188:
BU Haq, JAN Hardenbol, PR Vail, 1987, Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the
Triassic, Science 235 (4793), 1156-1167
505:
565:
123:, respectively in 2014, 2017, and 2018. Haq and his co-workers have now completed the sea-level history of the entire
36:
177:
702:
602:
1237:
642:
1367:
742:
732:
672:
308:
278:
1404:
1387:
1224:
717:
582:
520:
510:
403:
1399:
1337:
764:
450:
211:
86:
non-commercial, public domain data from outcrops exposed on land and thus verifiable by other reserchers.
1232:
1214:
722:
617:
252:
1419:
1252:
955:
812:
677:
388:
1505:
1414:
1299:
1294:
1020:
692:
652:
368:
1500:
1357:
1070:
1060:
1025:
925:
910:
807:
35:
relative to present day mean sea level as gleaned from the stratigraphic record throughout the
1439:
1429:
1372:
1352:
1035:
1000:
935:
915:
905:
787:
475:
333:
157:
67:
1394:
1362:
1332:
1141:
1126:
995:
930:
822:
737:
667:
592:
373:
343:
273:
268:
1095:
1045:
1010:
970:
862:
832:
682:
632:
542:
500:
433:
358:
318:
75:
554:
1309:
1304:
1209:
1204:
1040:
980:
975:
707:
597:
418:
353:
328:
216:
201:
19:
1494:
1479:
1327:
1247:
1136:
1055:
1030:
965:
895:
802:
697:
574:
495:
455:
428:
338:
288:
1474:
1434:
1382:
1322:
1273:
1151:
1146:
1121:
1105:
1080:
797:
687:
627:
413:
323:
298:
1424:
1156:
1085:
950:
890:
857:
847:
842:
727:
662:
622:
612:
587:
470:
443:
423:
383:
348:
124:
31:(also known as the eustatic curve) is the representation of the changes of the
1242:
1090:
1065:
960:
940:
867:
852:
837:
827:
792:
712:
532:
527:
490:
485:
480:
378:
112:
59:
1314:
1176:
1161:
1075:
920:
759:
754:
537:
465:
393:
313:
303:
260:
206:
108:
102:
79:
63:
32:
1409:
1131:
990:
882:
872:
817:
293:
120:
116:
94:
90:
16:
Graphic representation of changes of sea level through geological history
221:
1278:
1268:
438:
408:
71:
985:
398:
1347:
1166:
945:
900:
51:
50:. The names of the curve refer to the fact that in 1977 a team of
779:
55:
225:
156:
97:
eras was published in
Science magazine, now known as the
70:)) sea-level changes. Their sea-level curve was based on
89:
In 1987–1988 a revised eustatic sea-level curve for the
101:, in reference to the marine geologist/oceanographer
1287:
1261:
1223:
1175:
1114:
1009:
881:
778:
573:
259:
107:Bilal Haq and Stephen Schutter later published the
1195:North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System
66:on seismic stratigraphic principles and global (
1185:Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis
237:
8:
244:
230:
222:
176:"Climate Change", William James Burroughs
152:
150:
18:
136:
516:one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations
7:
1463:
1343:National Oceanographic Data Center
770:World Ocean Circulation Experiment
658:Global Ocean Data Analysis Project
14:
1190:Global Sea Level Observing System
1473:
1462:
1453:
1452:
648:Geochemical Ocean Sections Study
564:
553:
1378:Ocean thermal energy conversion
1101:Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis
58:Production Research headed by
1:
638:El Niño–Southern Oscillation
608:Craik–Leibovich vortex force
364:Luke's variational principle
42:The first such curve is the
1522:
703:Ocean dynamical thermostat
551:
1448:
1238:Ocean acoustic tomography
1051:Mohorovičić discontinuity
643:General circulation model
279:Benjamin–Feir instability
212:Past changes in sea level
99:Haq et al sea-level curve
1368:Ocean surface topography
743:Thermohaline circulation
733:Subsurface ocean current
673:Hydrothermal circulation
506:Wave–current interaction
284:Boussinesq approximation
78:data accumulated during
1405:Sea surface temperature
1388:Outline of oceanography
583:Atmospheric circulation
521:shallow water equations
511:Waves and shallow water
404:Significant wave height
1400:Sea surface microlayer
765:Wind generated current
24:
1233:Deep scattering layer
1215:World Geodetic System
723:Princeton Ocean Model
603:Coriolis–Stokes force
253:Physical oceanography
22:
1253:Underwater acoustics
813:Perigean spring tide
678:Langmuir circulation
389:Rossby-gravity waves
1415:Science On a Sphere
1021:Convergent boundary
693:Modular Ocean Model
653:Geostrophic current
369:Mild-slope equation
1071:Seafloor spreading
1061:Outer trench swell
1026:Divergent boundary
926:Continental margin
911:Carbonate platform
808:Lunitidal interval
37:geological history
25:
1488:
1487:
1480:Oceans portal
1440:World Ocean Atlas
1430:Underwater glider
1373:Ocean temperature
1036:Hydrothermal vent
1001:Submarine volcano
936:Continental shelf
916:Coastal geography
906:Bathymetric chart
788:Amphidromic point
476:Wave nonlinearity
334:Infragravity wave
1513:
1478:
1477:
1466:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1395:Pelagic sediment
1333:Marine pollution
1127:Deep ocean water
996:Submarine canyon
931:Continental rise
823:Rule of twelfths
738:Sverdrup balance
668:Humboldt Current
593:Boundary current
568:
557:
374:Radiation stress
344:Iribarren number
319:Equatorial waves
274:Ballantine scale
269:Airy wave theory
246:
239:
232:
223:
207:Sea level change
189:
186:
180:
174:
168:
154:
145:
141:
76:biostratigraphic
54:geologists from
1521:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1472:
1444:
1283:
1257:
1219:
1200:Sea-level curve
1171:
1110:
1096:Transform fault
1046:Mid-ocean ridge
1012:
1005:
971:Oceanic plateau
877:
863:Tidal resonance
833:Theory of tides
774:
683:Longshore drift
633:Ekman transport
569:
563:
562:
561:
560:
559:
558:
549:
501:Wave turbulence
434:Trochoidal wave
359:Longshore drift
255:
250:
198:
193:
192:
187:
183:
175:
171:
155:
148:
142:
138:
133:
29:sea-level curve
17:
12:
11:
5:
1519:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1470:
1460:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1420:Stratification
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1312:
1310:Color of water
1307:
1305:Benthic lander
1302:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1210:Sea level rise
1207:
1205:Sea level drop
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1041:Marine geology
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
981:Passive margin
978:
976:Oceanic trench
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
887:
885:
879:
878:
876:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
784:
782:
776:
775:
773:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
751:
750:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
708:Ocean dynamics
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
598:Coriolis force
595:
590:
585:
579:
577:
571:
570:
552:
550:
548:
547:
546:
545:
535:
530:
525:
524:
523:
518:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
447:
446:
436:
431:
426:
421:
419:Stokes problem
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
354:Kinematic wave
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
265:
263:
257:
256:
251:
249:
248:
241:
234:
226:
220:
219:
217:Marine terrace
214:
209:
204:
202:Sea level rise
197:
194:
191:
190:
181:
169:
146:
135:
134:
132:
129:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1518:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1461:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1328:Marine energy
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1295:Acidification
1293:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1248:SOFAR channel
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1056:Oceanic crust
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:Fracture zone
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1008:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
966:Oceanic basin
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
896:Abyssal plain
894:
892:
889:
888:
886:
884:
880:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
803:Internal tide
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
785:
783:
781:
777:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
749:
746:
745:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
698:Ocean current
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
578:
576:
572:
567:
556:
544:
541:
540:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
496:Wave shoaling
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
456:Ursell number
454:
452:
449:
445:
442:
441:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
339:Internal wave
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
289:Breaking wave
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
264:
262:
258:
254:
247:
242:
240:
235:
233:
228:
227:
224:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
195:
185:
182:
179:
173:
170:
167:
163:
162:0-231-10955-5
159:
153:
151:
147:
140:
137:
130:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
104:
100:
96:
92:
87:
83:
82:exploration.
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
38:
34:
30:
21:
1435:Water column
1383:Oceanography
1358:Observations
1353:Explorations
1323:Marginal sea
1316:
1274:OSTM/Jason-2
1199:
1106:Volcanic arc
1081:Slab suction
798:Head of tide
688:Loop Current
628:Ekman spiral
414:Stokes drift
324:Gravity wave
299:Cnoidal wave
184:
172:
166:pp. 381, 382
139:
106:
98:
88:
84:
62:published a
47:
43:
41:
28:
26:
1425:Thermocline
1142:Mesopelagic
1115:Ocean zones
1086:Slab window
951:Hydrography
891:Abyssal fan
858:Tidal range
848:Tidal power
843:Tidal force
728:Rip current
663:Gulf Stream
623:Ekman layer
613:Downwelling
588:Baroclinity
575:Circulation
471:Wave height
461:Wave action
444:megatsunami
424:Stokes wave
384:Rossby wave
349:Kelvin wave
329:Green's law
125:Phanerozoic
48:Exxon curve
1506:ExxonMobil
1495:Categories
1363:Reanalysis
1262:Satellites
1243:Sofar bomb
1091:Subduction
1066:Ridge push
961:Ocean bank
941:Contourite
868:Tide gauge
853:Tidal race
838:Tidal bore
828:Slack tide
793:Earth tide
713:Ocean gyre
533:Wind setup
528:Wind fetch
491:Wave setup
486:Wave radar
481:Wave power
379:Rogue wave
309:Dispersion
131:References
113:Cretaceous
60:Peter Vail
44:Vail curve
1501:Sea level
1225:Acoustics
1177:Sea level
1076:Slab pull
1013:tectonics
921:Cold seep
883:Landforms
760:Whirlpool
755:Upwelling
538:Wind wave
466:Wave base
394:Sea state
314:Edge wave
304:Cross sea
109:Paleozoic
103:Bilal Haq
80:petroleum
64:monograph
33:sea level
1458:Category
1410:Seawater
1137:Littoral
1132:Deep sea
991:Seamount
873:Tideline
818:Rip tide
748:shutdown
718:Overflow
451:Undertow
294:Clapotis
196:See also
121:Triassic
117:Jurassic
95:Cenozoic
91:Mesozoic
1468:Commons
1338:Mooring
1288:Related
1279:Jason-3
1269:Jason-1
1152:Pelagic
1147:Oceanic
1122:Benthic
439:Tsunami
409:Soliton
72:seismic
68:eustati
1157:Photic
986:Seabed
399:Seiche
160:
119:, and
1348:Ocean
1317:Alvin
1167:Swash
1011:Plate
956:Knoll
946:Guyot
901:Atoll
780:Tides
543:model
429:Swell
261:Waves
144:83-97
127:Eon.
52:Exxon
1315:DSV
1300:Argo
1162:Surf
618:Eddy
178:p 87
158:ISBN
93:and
74:and
56:Esso
27:The
46:or
1497::
164:,
149:^
115:,
39:.
245:e
238:t
231:v
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