182:
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151:
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360:(ITCZ), located near the equator and created by the convergence of the trade winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The position of these bands vary seasonally, moving north in the northern summer and south in the northern winter, and ultimately controlling the wet and dry seasons in the tropics. These regions appear to have experienced strong warming, at a mean rate of 0.26 degrees Celsius per decade, which coincides with a global rise in temperature resulting from the
170:
20:
287:
142:
364:
inputs of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Studies have also found that precipitation has declined and tropical Asia has experienced an increase in dry season intensity whereas
Amazonian has no significant pattern change in precipitation or dry season. Additionally,
745:
633:
119:
617:
The status of monsoon vine forests in the
Northern Territory: a perspective. In 'The rainforest legacy: Australian national rainforests study. Special Australian heritage publication series 7(1)
780:
544:
373:
increases the intensity and frequency of ENSO will increase, rendering tropical rainforest regions susceptible to stress and increased mortality of trees and other plants.
719:
Ya-Jun Chen, Kun-Fang Cao, Stefan A. Schnitzer, Ze-Xin Fan, Jiao-Lin Zhang, Frans
Bongers (2015) Water-use advantage of lianas over trees in seasonal tropical forests.
108:
369:(ENSO) events drive the inter-annual climatic variability in temperature and precipitation and result in drought and increased intensity of the dry season. As
580:'Rainforests of Western Australia'. In 'The rainforest legacy: Australian national rainforests study'. Special Australian heritage publication series 7(1)
739:
427:
and secondary can also be problematic, since the species mixture is influenced by factors such as soil depth and climate, as well as human interference.
229:
646:
Leigh EG, Rand AS, Windsor DM (Eds. 1983) The ecology of a tropical forest. Seasonal rhythms and long-term changes. Oxford
University Press 468 pp.
181:
79:
as (i) tropical climate with high overall rainfall (typically in the 1000–2500 mm range; 39–98 inches) and (ii) having a very distinct
494:
250:
159:
Extreme differences are very much evident between the wet and dry seasons in a tropical seasonal forest. The image to the left shows
71:
forest, typically contains a range of tree species: only some of which drop some or all of their leaves during the dry season. This
100:
366:
357:
335:
273:
219:
785:
163:
in central
Bangladesh during the dry season, while the image to the right depicts the same area during monsoon season.
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39:
29:
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234:
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45:
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169:
19:
750:
602:
An ecological survey of the monsoon forests of the north-western region of the
Northern Territory
269:
435:
The fauna and flora of seasonal tropical mixed forest are usually distinctive. Examples of the
397:, but these may be less pronounced in mixed forests, which are often characterised by numerous
702:
411:
word for "forest", has no specific ecological meaning but originally referred to this type of
277:
800:
692:
684:
416:
361:
305:
72:
677:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
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697:
672:
505:
424:
412:
370:
774:
655:
629:
190:
141:
597:
436:
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673:"Spatial patterns and recent trends in the climate of tropical rainforest regions"
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The climate of seasonal forests is typically controlled by a system called the
261:
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84:
80:
498:
214:
104:
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688:
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due to their growth advantage during the dry season. The colloquial term
380:
Onset dates and prevailing wind currents of the southwest summer monsoon.
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206:
92:
440:
115:
177:: showing seasonal forest structure in the early dry season (December)
403:
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339:
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Seasonal (mixed) tropical forests can be found in many parts of the
746:
List of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregions
462:
375:
343:
285:
180:
168:
132:
Global 200 § Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
111:
76:
18:
201:
region: seasonal forests predominate across large areas of the
120:
tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
87:. These forests represent a range of habitats influenced by
658:. Srh.noaa.gov (5 January 2010). Retrieved on 28 March 2013.
636:. Rainforest CRC – via National Library of Australia.
567:
Mongbay: Types of tropical forest (accessed 21 March 2017)
103:). Drier forests in the Aw/As climate zone are typically
443:
type are often well described for
National Parks in:
666:
664:
781:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
604:, Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service
423:. Determining which strands of mixed forest are
656:NWS JetStream – Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone
290:Emergent tree rising above the main canopy in
671:Malhi, Yadvinder & Wright, James (2004).
615:Russell-Smith, Jeremy; Dunlop, Clyde (1987),
8:
740:International Tropical Timber Organization
696:
230:Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests
634:"The rainforests of Cape York Peninsula"
559:
23:Tropical seasonal climate sub-types:
7:
578:Beard, J.S.; Keneally, K.F. (1987),
185:Seasonal forest in Northern Thailand
114:: with further transitional zones (
251:Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary
14:
518:wildlife is well represented in:
149:
140:
83:with (an often cooler “winter”)
358:Intertropical Convergence Zone
40:Aw/As—Tropical savanna climate
1:
598:Tracey, J. G. (John Geoffrey)
101:Köppen climate classification
457:in Cameroon (central region)
367:El Niño-Southern Oscillation
220:Eastern Java monsoon forests
118:) of savannah woodland then
99:(Aw/As) climates (as in the
44:(note: Af in light green is
594:Webb, L. J. (Leonard James)
30:Am—Tropical monsoon climate
817:
632:; Fell, David. G. (2005).
511:Queensland forest reserves
193:, with examples found in:
129:
319:especially well studied
75:is classified under the
53:Seasonal tropical forest
534:SoberanĂa National Park
528:Corcovado National Park
395:different canopy layers
336:Guinean seasonal forest
61:semi-evergreen seasonal
16:Type of tropical forest
689:10.1098/rstb.2003.1433
491:Cat Tien National Park
471:
431:Characteristic biology
381:
295:
292:Khao Yai National Park
247:Khao Yai National Park
241:Cat Tien National Park
186:
178:
175:Cat Tien National Park
49:
479:Upper Guinean forests
466:
453:the northern part of
379:
371:anthropogenic warming
338:: from south-western
317:Barro Colorado Island
289:
184:
172:
22:
391:tropical rainforests
311:Central and eastern
256:Northern Australia:
161:Bhawal National Park
766:Tropical vegetation
761:Tropical rainforest
756:Tropical dry forest
549:Rio Doce State Park
547:and represented in
469:Korup National Park
455:Korup National Park
421:Indian subcontinent
407:, derived from the
258:Cape York Peninsula
235:Mondulkiri Province
211:Indian subcontinent
109:Tropical dry forest
46:Tropical rainforest
786:Terrestrial biomes
751:Trees of the world
582:, pp. 289–304
472:
467:Falling Waters in
382:
296:
270:Northern Territory
187:
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107:and placed in the
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683:(1443): 311–329.
278:Western Australia
808:
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584:
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516:Central American
509:: including the
450:represented by:
417:secondary forest
306:Atlantic forests
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55:, also known as
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27:
816:
815:
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721:New Phytologist
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495:Huai Kha Khaeng
489:represented by
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415:and especially
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362:anthropocentric
354:
225:Wallacea Forest
167:
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165:
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155:
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73:tropical forest
57:moist deciduous
43:
35:
33:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
814:
812:
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798:
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791:Tropical flora
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542:South American
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506:Pacific region
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130:Main article:
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65:tropical mixed
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24:
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13:
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630:Stanton, J.P.
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481:(West Africa)
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191:tropical zone
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77:Walter system
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31:
21:
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720:
715:
680:
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610:
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588:
579:
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545:flora listed
541:
524:
515:
504:
486:
447:
437:biodiversity
434:
402:
388:
355:
274:The Kimberly
203:Eastern Java
199:Asia-Pacific
188:
126:Distribution
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
51:
342:to eastern
332:West Africa
266:Arnhem Land
796:Ecoregions
775:Categories
555:References
536:in Panama.
522:Costa Rica
393:there are
262:Queensland
253:, Thailand
237:, Cambodia
85:dry season
81:wet season
727:: 128–136
499:Indochina
385:Structure
308:of Brazil
243:, Vietnam
215:Indochina
173:Trees at
105:deciduous
734:See also
707:15212087
600:(1982),
497:in the (
409:Sanskrit
389:As with
330:Coastal
301:Americas
207:Wallacea
116:ecotones
93:tropical
91:(Am) or
801:Forests
698:1693325
501:region)
441:habitat
425:primary
419:in the
413:primary
352:Climate
315:: with
299:In the
197:In the
97:savanna
89:monsoon
69:monsoon
742:(ITTO)
705:
695:
448:Africa
404:jungle
399:lianas
340:Gambia
326:Africa
313:Panama
294:forest
38:
36:
28:
26:
344:Ghana
112:biome
703:PMID
532:the
525:e.g.
493:and
487:Asia
477:the
439:and
249:and
213:and
95:wet
725:205
693:PMC
685:doi
681:359
324:In
272:),
264:),
67:or
777::
723:,
701:.
691:.
679:.
675:.
663:^
596:;
334::
280:)
209:,
205:,
122:.
63:,
59:,
709:.
687::
276:(
268:(
260:(
48:)
42:.
32:.
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