2941:(a space offering primary education, especially reading of the Qur'an). These "sabil-kuttab" structures were often located at the corner of the building complex along a busy road or at an intersection. The sabil was located at ground or street level (where it was accessible to passersby) while the kuttab was usually above it on the upper levels. Mamluk sabils had facades with large windows covered by heavy bronze grilles and their exteriors were well-decorated, typically with stone-carving along their surfaces and with multi-coloured marble panels above the windows. The interiors were also typically decorated with marble mosaics and with painted wooden ceilings, while the water from the cistern often trickled over an ornamental carved marble panel (known as a
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75:
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2973:. This was in part because the Ottoman governors and elites of this period had relatively limited resources and Cairo itself had become densely built-up, leaving little space to build more. As such, the small but multi-level "sabil-kuttab" structure became a cost-effective option for political elites to offer charitable services to the general population, which in turn helped them publicly display their piety.
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33:
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3045:
Until the spread of in-house plumbing by the end of the 20th century, sebils and other fountains were essential for the daily life of the inhabitants of
Istanbul. In present-day Istanbul, many sebils have either been abandoned or serve other functions such as commercial shops. Some have been restored
2667:
initially meant "road" or "path" and is used both metaphorically and literally in multiple instances in the Qur'an. Its use as an architectural term for a public water building or fountain likely derives from a more abstract meaning it acquired to refer to general acts or provisions done for the sake
3005:
was opposed because this was perceived as limiting public access to the blessings of nature. In later centuries, sebils became elaborately decorated structures, either attached to mosque complexes or existing as stand-alone structures, often at busy intersections or street corners. They were a
2602:
tradition where water is freely dispensed to members of the public by an attendant behind a grilled window. The term is sometimes also used to refer to simple unmanned fountains with a tap for drinking water, though other names often exist for such fountains (such as
2948:
During the Mamluk period, such structures were almost always integrated into a larger building, and were rarely ever built as separate or stand-alone structures. The earliest free-standing or independent sabil-kuttab was the one built by Sultan
2715:
2697:, provided or set up by the patron who commissioned the building. Endowing money for the construction of sabils was considered an act of piety, and the construction of many sabils was considered the hallmark of a beneficent ruler.
2703:
2686:, which may also have served the purpose of aerating the water as it came from the cistern. An attendant collected the water and distributed it to passers-by outside the sabil, usually through a window with a metal
2807:
rule). Islamic society developed existing methods into new ones or revived neglected ones. In addition to the regular water needs for drinking and for agriculture, water also had an important religions role in the
2727:
3057:
3323:
3240:
3079:
2843:, continued to be an essential public facility in Islamic cities in addition to public fountains. At the same time, water was featured in palace and garden design as early as the
4128:
158:
3196:
3014:
in the early 18th century, which saw an emergence of the "Rococo" Ottoman architectural style, and during the later "Baroque" phase of
Ottoman architecture that followed. The
3303:
2816:, such that even early mosques were equipped with either a water basin or fountain. Water also had other religious or spiritual symbolic importance, being associated with
3347:
3284:
3172:
3838:
3811:
3121:
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developed, sabils became a standard feature of the religious and funerary complexes built by the Mamluk elites and also came to be typically accompanied by a
3141:
4930:
3750:
1961:
3156:
4358:
2769:
273:
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which supplied the water for distribution. In some cases, the water drawn from the cistern then ran down a decorative carved marble panel called a
5002:
2835:
As a result, water became an important element in
Islamic architecture, both as a practical/religious provision as well as for aesthetic effects.
3038:
to date the construction. Historically, during holidays and major celebrations, some sebils also distributed a sweetened fruit drink known as "
1936:
3805:
4935:
4574:
3906:
3102:
2858:
How the architectural format of the sabil itself first developed is debated. While water was implicated in architectural design across the
1325:
4869:
1941:
1703:
867:
3831:
1946:
4874:
3729:
3579:
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1290:
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having numerous examples. Its architecture has been argued to draw inspiration from the descriptions of
Paradise in the Qur'an.
2693:
This service was free to members of the public, and was paid for by the revenues or funds of a charitable endowment, an
Islamic
4843:
1802:
487:
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1383:
3673:
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4915:
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2965:(from 1517 onward) that independent sabil-kuttabs became a common building type in Cairo, with notable examples like the
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1285:
84:
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1869:
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1807:
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44:
dating from 1777. It includes both an actual sebil (the curved kiosk with windows) and two wall fountains with taps (
4303:
1993:
1874:
941:
198:
3896:
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1926:
1921:
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428:
3026:, is one of the most famous and elaborate examples. Like other public monuments, they were often inscribed with
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3147:
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1792:
872:
659:
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2188:
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1859:
603:
529:
482:
3385:, a typical Ottoman fountain usually built in the yard or at the entrance of religious buildings (mosques,
2981:
4400:
3952:
2580:
2041:
1956:
1668:
1618:
1267:
1255:
837:
105:
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The underground water cistern for the sabil. (Sabil of Tusun Pasha or
Muhammad Ali, Cairo, 19th century.)
4606:
4009:
3967:
3947:
3354:
3015:
2986:
2687:
2636:, in the middle of city squares, and on the outside of mosques and other religious complexes to provide
2006:
1931:
1608:
100:
58:
2151:
4952:
4706:
4108:
4004:
3999:
3989:
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2599:
1393:
400:
125:
120:
115:
110:
95:
3046:
as part of wider historical architectural complexes, but still do not serve their original purpose.
2721:
Water dispensing area inside the sabil. (Sabil of Tusun Pasha or
Muhammad Ali, Cairo, 19th century.)
4964:
4722:
4564:
4494:
4466:
4405:
4298:
3979:
3962:
3937:
3916:
3509:
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The street facade of the Sabil of Tusun Pasha (or Sabil of
Muhammad Ali), Cairo, completed in 1820.
2682:
2633:
2141:
2066:
1755:
1698:
1688:
1658:
1623:
1603:
417:
223:
193:
130:
3227:
2748:
4997:
3891:
3639:
3039:
2081:
2016:
2001:
1971:
1770:
1765:
1750:
1643:
1638:
1332:
1305:
1300:
492:
462:
2862:, the sabil as a recognizable structure with a particular purpose is associated mainly with the
3455:
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4661:
4073:
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3513:
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3310:
3207:
3019:
2990:
2926:
2922:
2844:
2788:
2257:
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1784:
1745:
1693:
1683:
1673:
1648:
1633:
1596:
1482:
1227:
611:
497:
355:
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and Syria. The earliest (surviving) sabil in Cairo is the one installed by the Mamluk sultan
4818:
4626:
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3109:
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2757:
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2228:
2213:
2198:
2146:
2051:
1951:
1854:
1817:
1760:
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1708:
1628:
1487:
1250:
1158:
1048:
1043:
827:
732:
670:
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477:
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448:
370:
203:
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2914:
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2773:
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2505:
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2161:
2126:
2026:
1916:
1822:
1797:
1663:
1467:
1058:
924:
914:
877:
643:
310:
253:
243:
2233:
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4762:
4651:
4553:
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4410:
4088:
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2886:
2867:
2785:
2637:
2617:
2418:
2203:
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1849:
1730:
1722:
1522:
1452:
1168:
996:
946:
894:
832:
777:
680:
544:
502:
365:
350:
258:
233:
178:
168:
4991:
4446:
4431:
3448:
2958:
2460:
2298:
2243:
2021:
1547:
1529:
1203:
1038:
700:
619:
574:
512:
507:
433:
37:
3183:
2663:(سبل) meaning "to let fall, drop, to let hang down, to close eyes or to shed tear".
1542:
1534:
4977:
4732:
3994:
3394:
3358:
3295:
3089:
3035:
3023:
3007:
2962:
2859:
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2800:
2792:
2657:
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2413:
2303:
2208:
2091:
1884:
1272:
1245:
1163:
1093:
1073:
909:
904:
862:
822:
811:
596:
559:
325:
66:
2784:(seventh century onward), the Islamic world inherited the water traditions of the
1413:
32:
4579:
4313:
4293:
3002:
2500:
2455:
2353:
2193:
1557:
1178:
1133:
1068:
976:
899:
752:
747:
554:
517:
472:
443:
438:
293:
4884:
4798:
4777:
4737:
4636:
4548:
4283:
4196:
4132:
4047:
3031:
2910:
2906:
2612:
Historically, sabils are structures of both civic and religious importance in
2465:
2393:
2373:
2368:
1966:
1832:
1653:
1462:
1240:
1193:
1188:
1173:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1120:
986:
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539:
395:
330:
315:
218:
163:
3689:
4569:
4527:
4509:
4278:
4201:
4146:
3382:
3334:
3179:
3113:
3093:
3011:
2824:
as a symbol of
Creation. The Qur'an describes water as a blessing from God (
2445:
2308:
2136:
2101:
2076:
1976:
1879:
1837:
1827:
762:
710:
675:
385:
188:
153:
2475:
1477:
1418:
1001:
4701:
4538:
4499:
4436:
4379:
4353:
4318:
4216:
4037:
3231:
3187:
3163:
3132:
2998:
2898:
2871:
2852:
2621:
2510:
2423:
2403:
2388:
2343:
2338:
2283:
2183:
2156:
1552:
1512:
1472:
1006:
787:
742:
695:
685:
569:
288:
283:
278:
268:
238:
41:
4959:
4848:
4671:
4656:
4646:
4631:
4484:
4328:
4226:
4156:
4103:
3816:
3643:
3390:
3386:
3362:
3128:
2950:
2840:
2677:
2515:
2485:
2440:
2408:
2363:
2358:
2348:
2293:
2288:
2218:
2173:
2131:
2011:
1613:
1440:
1354:
1315:
1310:
991:
951:
919:
737:
705:
345:
4808:
4757:
4747:
4742:
4727:
4695:
4666:
4641:
4616:
4543:
4489:
4415:
4363:
4343:
4231:
4221:
4206:
4191:
3223:
2938:
2829:
2817:
2761:
2613:
2495:
2480:
2470:
2323:
2278:
2121:
2116:
2106:
2086:
2036:
1507:
1502:
1492:
1457:
1423:
1371:
1364:
1349:
1344:
1280:
1234:
1208:
1198:
1098:
1083:
1078:
1063:
1053:
1028:
1016:
1011:
981:
971:
966:
857:
842:
782:
772:
767:
715:
690:
579:
564:
549:
390:
360:
340:
335:
320:
298:
228:
17:
3635:
3622:
Mostafa, Saleh Lamei (1989). "The
Cairene Sabil: Form and Meaning".
1213:
1033:
929:
4823:
4803:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4394:
4384:
4333:
4288:
4273:
4267:
4241:
4236:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4151:
4098:
4032:
3379:, a fountain in the esonarthex of Christian churches for ablutions
3314:
3275:
3255:
3251:
3203:
3071:
2980:
2918:
2902:
2885:
2875:
2851:) and in palace architecture such as in the famous example of the
2825:
2821:
2813:
2765:
2747:
2629:
2520:
2450:
2383:
2333:
2328:
2313:
2268:
2096:
2061:
2056:
2046:
2031:
1899:
1889:
1812:
1562:
1497:
1339:
1320:
1183:
1138:
1128:
1103:
1088:
961:
852:
797:
792:
757:
727:
380:
375:
248:
213:
173:
148:
143:
31:
2847:(7th–8th centuries). It played a role in formal gardens (such as
4813:
4772:
4558:
4532:
4389:
4308:
4124:
4093:
3001:, sebils were a symbol of public possession. The attempt to add
2809:
2694:
2641:
2398:
2318:
2071:
1904:
1894:
1408:
1359:
956:
847:
263:
208:
183:
3820:
3572:
Cairo of the Mamluks: A History of Architecture and Its Culture
2832:
exhort Muslims to offer water to thirsty humans and animals.
3724:(6th ed.). Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.
3309:
Early 19th-century Ottoman fountain-sabil attached to the
3540:
Strolling Through Istanbul: The Classic Guide to the City
3792:. New Haven; London: Yale University Press. p. 92.
3775:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
2913:) according to its inscription, which is well before
2585:
4893:
4862:
4836:
4786:
4715:
4599:
4592:
4518:
4475:
4424:
4372:
4250:
4166:
4117:
4055:
4025:
4018:
3854:
2945:) before being collected by the sabil's attendant.
3674:"A public meeting point: "Sebil" of Nuruosmaniye"
3672:Saǧlar Onay, Nilüfer; Uǧurlu, Ayşe Hilal (2010).
3574:. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.
2812:or purification ritual required before prayer in
2897:The oldest sabil for which we have a date is in
3722:Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide
3678:A Z: ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture
2839:(public bathhouses), inherited from the Roman
2676:A typical sabil was built over an underground
2616:cities, most prominently in the cities of the
3832:
2604:
2543:
45:
8:
3790:The Art and Architecture of Islam: 1250–1800
2989:in Istanbul, built in 1728 in front of the
4596:
4022:
3839:
3825:
3817:
3788:Blair, Sheila S.; Bloom, Jonathan (1995).
3538:Sumner-Boyd, Hilary; Freely, John (2010).
2550:
2536:
1962:On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy
53:
3808:in the dictionary of Islamic architecture
2770:Wikala and Sabil-Kuttab of Sultan Qaytbay
3777:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2009.
3438:
3412:
3053:
3006:prominent type of construction in the "
2699:
65:
27:Public fountain in Islamic architecture
2987:Fountain and sebil of Sultan Ahmed III
2967:Sabil-kuttab of Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda
1937:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
3768:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3542:. New York: Tauris Parke Paperbacks.
7:
3743:
3741:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3479:
3477:
3475:
2933:during restorations in 1325–26. As
2668:of God (such as a charitable act).
2575:
1942:The Incoherence of the Philosophers
1597:National literatures of Arab States
4875:Influences on Western architecture
3450:Dictionary of Islamic Architecture
2931:hospital-madrasa-mausoleum complex
1947:The Incoherence of the Incoherence
25:
3486:A History of Ottoman Architecture
3290:An Ottoman sabil attached to the
4971:
4958:
4046:
3570:Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (2007).
3454:. New York: Routledge. pp.
3346:
3322:
3302:
3283:
3263:
3239:
3215:
3195:
3171:
3155:
3140:
3120:
3101:
3078:
3056:
2726:
2714:
2702:
73:
4844:Aga Khan Award for Architecture
3135:, built by the Ottomans in 1660
2820:(heaven) and being used in the
2780:During the formative period of
5003:Islamic architectural elements
3206:, next to the entrance of the
2891:Sabil-Kuttab of Sultan Qaytbay
1:
4936:Sudano-Sahelian architecture
3512:: Antique Collectors' Club.
3422:is the Turkish rendition of
3162:Damat Ibrahim Mosque sebil,
3066:-era fountain or sabil near
2744:Origins in the Islamic world
2640:for travelers and to assist
3748:Ottoman sabils of Jerusalem
3720:Williams, Caroline (2008).
2586:
2112:One Thousand and One Nights
50:in Turkish) on either side.
5024:
4304:Islamic geometric patterns
3042:" or another fruit juice.
2977:Sebils in Ottoman Istanbul
2905:, and is dated to 1077–78
2598:) is a small kiosk in the
1875:Arcs of Descent and Ascent
942:Andalusian classical music
868:Arabic musical instruments
199:Islamic geometric patterns
4949:
4738:Dar al-Shifa (Bimaristan)
4044:
3484:Goodwin, Godfrey (1971).
3446:Petersen, Andrew (1996).
1922:The Theology of Aristotle
1389:Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry
1286:Love in Arabic literature
535:Arabic geometric patterns
498:Islamic hardstone carving
429:Ancient South Arabian art
4854:Museum with No Frontiers
3377:Cantharus (Christianity)
3148:Sabil-Kuttab of Katkhuda
2776:) and completed in 1477.
2672:Description and function
1291:Arabic erotic literature
488:Palestinian wood carving
4965:Architecture portal
3329:Fountain-sabil outside
2955:Sabil-Kuttab of Qaytbay
1798:Islamic Aristotelianism
1793:Early Arabic Philosophy
4870:Indo-Saracenic Revival
4270:(multicoloured ashlar)
3488:. Thames & Hudson.
3127:The Grand Fountain in
3010:" during the reign of
2994:
2894:
2882:Sabils in Mamluk Cairo
2791:world (formerly under
2777:
2605:
2595:
2435:South Arabian deities
1957:Theologus Autodidactus
838:Rhythm in Arabic music
51:
46:
40:, a historic sebil in
36:The sebil-fountain of
4607:Congregational mosque
4065:(four-arch structure)
3812:Fountains of Istanbul
3753:24 April 2015 at the
3504:Kuban, Doğan (2010).
3341:is carved on its face
3030:verses that formed a
3016:Fountain of Ahmed III
2984:
2889:
2782:early Islamic society
2751:
2632:. They were built at
2600:Islamic architectural
2264:North Arabian deities
2168:Fictional Arab people
2007:Atlantis of the Sands
1932:The Book of the Apple
513:Islamic ivory carving
35:
4931:Ottoman architecture
4921:Moorish architecture
4916:Islamic architecture
4911:Iranian architecture
4334:Sebka (Darj-wa-ktaf)
4188:(or müezzin mahfili)
3848:Islamic architecture
3506:Ottoman Architecture
3339:Ottoman coat of arms
3086:Fountain of Qayt Bay
2961:. It was only under
1394:Modern Arabic poetry
1069:Gnawa (North Africa)
910:Classical Arab music
4968: •
4955: •
4941:Yemeni architecture
4926:Mughal architecture
4906:Berber architecture
4901:Arabic architecture
4565:Salsabil (fountain)
4299:Islamic calligraphy
3510:Woodbridge, Suffolk
3068:Bab Sidi Abdessalem
2935:Mamluk architecture
2067:Iram of the Pillars
1326:Mirrors for princes
873:Great Book of Music
606:(Arabian Peninsula)
194:Islamic calligraphy
4642:Kuttab (or maktab)
3355:Nejjarine Fountain
3210:, dating from 1752
3208:Madrasa al-Bashiya
3202:A sabil window in
3110:Mouassine Fountain
2995:
2917:or Mamluk rule in
2895:
2778:
2768:, attached to the
2189:Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad
2017:Beast of the Earth
1972:Sicilian Questions
1803:Islamic Platonism
1756:Arabic mathematics
1306:Arabic short story
1301:Literary_criticism
493:Islamic embroidery
463:Arabic calligraphy
52:
4985:
4984:
4832:
4831:
4588:
4587:
4575:Shading Umbrellas
4359:Stucco decoration
4259:For overview, see
4074:Four-centred arch
3311:Mahmoudiya Mosque
3108:The 16th-century
2925:at the corner of
2923:al-Nasir Muhammad
2845:Umayyad Caliphate
2584:
2560:
2559:
1860:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
1771:Arabic technology
1766:Arabic psychology
1751:Arabic Golden Age
518:Islamic Metalwork
274:Stucco decoration
16:(Redirected from
5015:
4978:Islam portal
4976:
4975:
4974:
4963:
4962:
4597:
4262:Islamic ornament
4141:South Asian dome
4069:Discharging arch
4050:
4023:
3867:Anatolian Seljuk
3841:
3834:
3827:
3818:
3794:
3793:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3770:
3757:
3745:
3736:
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3717:
3694:
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3490:
3489:
3481:
3470:
3469:
3453:
3443:
3427:
3417:
3350:
3326:
3306:
3292:al-Jazzar Mosque
3287:
3267:
3248:Ali Bey Al-Kabir
3243:
3219:
3199:
3175:
3159:
3144:
3124:
3105:
3082:
3060:
2997:In 16th century
2864:Mamluk Sultanate
2803:(formerly under
2730:
2718:
2706:
2658:Arabic verb root
2642:ritual ablutions
2608:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2229:Princess Jasmine
2214:Layla and Majnun
2199:Hayy ibn Yaqdhan
2147:She-Camel of God
2142:Shams al-Ma'arif
1952:Hayy ibn Yaqdhan
1818:Sufi metaphysics
1746:Arabic geography
1741:Arabic astronomy
1736:Arabic astrology
1731:Arabic chemistry
1296:Arabic grimoires
1276:
1049:Chaabi (Morocco)
1044:Chaabi (Algeria)
828:Arab tone system
647:
639:
631:
623:
615:
607:
478:Arabic miniature
204:Islamic ornament
77:
54:
49:
21:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5008:Water and Islam
4988:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4972:
4970:
4957:
4945:
4889:
4880:Moorish Revival
4858:
4828:
4794:Albarrana tower
4782:
4711:
4698:in modern Iran)
4612:Dar al-Muwaqqit
4584:
4535:(fountain type)
4520:
4514:
4477:
4471:
4462:Reflecting pool
4457:Persian gardens
4452:Paradise garden
4420:
4397:(entrance hall)
4368:
4324:Nagash painting
4246:
4168:
4162:
4113:
4084:Lambrequin arch
4051:
4042:
4014:
3985:Sudano-Sahelian
3850:
3845:
3802:
3797:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3772:
3771:
3760:
3755:Wayback Machine
3746:
3739:
3732:
3719:
3718:
3697:
3671:
3670:
3651:
3636:10.2307/1602278
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3191:
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3150:, Cairo, (1744)
3145:
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3125:
3116:
3106:
3097:
3083:
3074:
3061:
3052:
3028:Ottoman Turkish
2979:
2971:Bayn al-Qasrayn
2884:
2849:Persian gardens
2774:al-Azhar Mosque
2746:
2741:
2734:
2731:
2722:
2719:
2710:
2707:
2674:
2656:comes from the
2650:
2644:before prayer.
2556:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2429:Isāf and Nā'ila
2260:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2162:Zarqa al Yamama
2027:Book of Wonders
1996:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1917:Liber de Causis
1823:Sufi philosophy
1787:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1761:Arabic medicine
1725:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1274:
1268:Epic literature
1230:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1123:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1059:Fann at-Tanbura
878:Kitab al-Aghani
814:
804:
803:
802:
662:
652:
651:
645:
637:
629:
621:
613:
605:
599:
589:
588:
587:
585:
468:Arabic graffiti
420:
410:
409:
408:
406:
311:Albarrana tower
254:Reflecting pool
244:Nagash painting
136:
87:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5021:
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4894:Category pages
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4768:Medina quarter
4765:
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4554:Riwaq (arcade)
4551:
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4524:
4522:
4516:
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4507:
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4442:Islamic garden
4439:
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4096:
4091:
4089:Multifoil arch
4086:
4081:
4079:Horseshoe arch
4076:
4071:
4066:
4059:
4057:
4053:
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3800:External links
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3408:
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3365:(19th-century)
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3328:
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3258:(18th century)
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3055:
3051:
3048:
3020:Topkapı Palace
3003:spigots (taps)
2991:Topkapı Palace
2978:
2975:
2929:'s monumental
2883:
2880:
2868:Ottoman Empire
2786:late antiquity
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2713:
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2646:
2638:drinking water
2618:Ottoman Empire
2558:
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2216:
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2206:
2204:Kara Ben Nemsi
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2179:Abdul Alhazred
2176:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
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2124:
2119:
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2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1979:
1977:Fusus al-Hikam
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
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1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
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1908:
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1897:
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1850:Al-aql al-faal
1841:
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1532:
1523:Arabic prosody
1519:
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1515:
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1500:
1495:
1490:
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1470:
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1275:(ryhmed prose)
1270:
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997:Qudud Halabiya
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
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954:
949:
947:Andalusi nubah
944:
933:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
895:Arabic hip hop
892:
881:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
833:Algerian scale
830:
825:
816:
815:
810:
809:
806:
805:
801:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
778:Robe of honour
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
719:
718:
713:
711:Tarboush (fez)
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
664:
663:
658:
657:
654:
653:
650:
649:
646:(North Africa)
641:
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583:
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567:
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545:Damascus steel
542:
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520:
515:
510:
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503:Islamic garden
500:
495:
490:
485:
483:Arabic pottery
480:
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454:
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421:
416:
415:
412:
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398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
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368:
366:Medina quarter
363:
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348:
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338:
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328:
323:
318:
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302:
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296:
291:
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246:
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236:
234:Multifoil arch
231:
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206:
201:
196:
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186:
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179:Horseshoe arch
176:
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134:
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128:
123:
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108:
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79:
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70:
69:
67:Arabic culture
63:
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26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
5020:
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4909:
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4779:
4776:
4774:
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4759:
4756:
4754:
4753:Hasht-Bihisht
4751:
4749:
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4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
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4633:
4630:
4628:
4627:Jama'at Khana
4625:
4623:
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4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
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4482:
4480:
4474:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4447:Mughal garden
4445:
4443:
4440:
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4433:
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4423:
4417:
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4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4165:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3837:
3835:
3830:
3828:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3791:
3784:
3781:
3776:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3733:
3731:9789774162053
3727:
3723:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3581:9789774160776
3577:
3573:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3549:9781848851542
3545:
3541:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3519:9781851496044
3515:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3451:
3442:
3439:
3433:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3413:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3395:caravanserais
3392:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3331:Rachel's Tomb
3325:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3272:Isma'il Pasha
3266:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:Abjad numbers
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2959:Saliba Street
2956:
2953:in 1479 (the
2952:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2866:and with the
2865:
2861:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2801:Iranian world
2798:
2794:
2790:
2789:Mediterranean
2787:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2743:
2738:
2729:
2724:
2717:
2712:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2626:Mamluk Empire
2624:, and of the
2623:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2609:in Turkish).
2607:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2245:
2244:Talia al Ghul
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:Book of Idols
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1855:Aql bi-l-fi'l
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Islamic Logic
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1054:Egyptian folk
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
938:
937:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
887:
886:
885:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
819:
813:
808:
807:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
724:
723:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
667:
661:
656:
655:
648:
644:Arab Maghreb
642:
640:
634:
632:
626:
624:
622:(Mesopotamia)
618:
616:
612:Arab Mashriq
610:
608:
602:
601:
598:
593:
592:
586:
581:
578:
576:
575:Pseudo-Arabic
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
525:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
508:Islamic glass
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
460:
459:
458:
450:
447:
445:
442:
441:
440:
437:
435:
434:Nabataean art
432:
430:
427:
426:
425:
419:
414:
413:
407:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
307:
306:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
141:
140:
139:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
93:
92:
86:
81:
80:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
55:
48:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
4969:
4956:
4953:Islamic arts
4733:Caravanserai
4258:
4212:Loudspeakers
4137:Persian dome
4099:Pointed arch
3897:Indo-Islamic
3887:Great Seljuk
3789:
3783:
3774:
3773:"Fountain".
3721:
3684:(1): 38–53.
3681:
3677:
3627:
3623:
3571:
3539:
3505:
3485:
3449:
3441:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3182:Fountain in
3090:Temple Mount
3044:
3024:Hagia Sophia
3008:Tulip period
2996:
2963:Ottoman rule
2947:
2942:
2896:
2870:, with both
2860:Muslim world
2857:
2834:
2828:), and some
2779:
2692:
2681:
2675:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2651:
2611:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2491:Dhul Khalasa
2434:
2433:
2263:
2258:Spirituality
2234:Ra's al Ghul
2209:King Marsile
2167:
2166:
2092:Magic carpet
1981:
1910:
1909:
1843:
1842:
1679:Saudi Arabia
1595:
1594:
1521:
1520:
1446:
1445:
1399:
1398:
1370:
1369:
1331:
1330:
1261:
1260:
1233:
1108:
1034:Algerian Raï
1022:
1021:
935:
934:
883:
882:
863:Quarter tone
823:Arabic maqam
817:
721:
720:
665:
584:
560:Hedwig glass
523:
522:
456:
455:
423:
405:
326:Caravanserai
304:
303:
137:
135:
90:
85:Architecture
38:Abdülhamid I
29:
4580:Windcatcher
4561:(courtyard)
4314:Mosque lamp
4294:Girih tiles
4251:Decorations
4129:Arabic dome
2628:, based in
2620:, based in
2194:Battal Gazi
1379:Anthologies
1179:Raqs Sharqi
1134:Belly dance
977:Iraqi maqam
905:Arabic jazz
900:Arabic rock
753:Fouta towel
555:Girih tiles
473:Arab carpet
444:Fatimid art
439:Islamic art
294:Windcatcher
159:Arabic dome
4992:Categories
4863:Influences
4778:Well house
4549:Mashrabiya
4197:Hussainiya
4133:Onion dome
3924:Indonesian
3912:Qutb Shahi
3465:0415213320
3402:References
3228:Baščaršija
3034:using the
3032:chronogram
3018:, next to
2927:his father
2855:in Spain.
2799:rule) and
2752:A typical
2634:crossroads
2466:Dhat-Badan
2394:Theandrios
2374:Baalshamin
2369:Atarsamain
2224:Palamedes
1967:Muqaddimah
1927:Al-isharat
1833:Avicennism
1785:Philosophy
1654:Mauritania
1463:Muwashshah
1428:Khamriyyah
1228:Literature
1174:Ouled Nail
987:Muwashshah
890:Arabic pop
449:Mamluk art
396:Well house
331:Bimaristan
219:Mashrabiya
4998:Fountains
4837:Resources
4600:Religious
4570:Shabestan
4528:Hypostyle
4510:Shadirvan
4279:Arabesque
4202:Imamzadeh
4167:Religious
4147:Semi-dome
4094:Ogee arch
4063:Chahartaq
4026:Materials
3953:Almoravid
3928:Malaysian
3690:2564-7474
3630:: 33–42.
3434:Citations
3383:Shadirvan
3337:. A late
3335:Bethlehem
3317:, Israel.
3270:Sabil of
3246:Sabil of
3180:Ahmed III
3114:Marrakech
3094:Jerusalem
3012:Ahmed III
2810:ablutions
2797:Byzantine
2652:The word
2648:Etymology
2581:romanized
2309:Al-Kutbay
2137:Shadhavar
2102:Mount Qaf
2077:Karkadann
1994:Mythology
1880:Asabiyyah
1838:Averroism
1669:Palestine
1591:Mutadārik
1588:Mutaqārib
1579:Mujtathth
1431:Tardiyyah
1251:Classical
1194:Schikhatt
1159:Khaleegy
936:Art music
763:Jellabiya
676:Battoulah
530:Arabesque
524:Features
386:Shadirvan
189:Hypostyle
154:Arabesque
138:Features
106:Nabataean
4951:Part of
4787:Military
4723:Baradari
4716:Civilian
4539:Jharokha
4500:Mechouar
4437:Charbagh
4380:Andaruni
4354:Socarrat
4319:Muqarnas
4217:Maqsurah
4109:Vaulting
4038:Tadelakt
4019:Elements
3968:Zayyanid
3948:Aghlabid
3751:Archived
3624:Muqarnas
3391:madrasas
3387:khanqahs
3371:See also
3232:Sarajevo
3188:Istanbul
3164:Istanbul
3133:Bulgaria
3050:Examples
3022:and the
2999:Istanbul
2957:) along
2943:salsabil
2899:Damascus
2893:in Cairo
2872:Istanbul
2853:Alhambra
2818:Paradise
2805:Sasanian
2683:salsabil
2622:Istanbul
2424:Yarhibol
2404:Malakbel
2274:Al-‘Uzzá
2184:Ali Baba
2157:Zulfiqar
1844:Concepts
1828:Farabism
1619:Djibouti
1576:Muqtaḍab
1570:Munsariħ
1513:Ghinnawa
1488:Riddles
1473:Mathnawi
1235:Language
1189:Shamadan
1154:Hagallah
1007:Tahmilah
788:Takchita
748:Durra'ah
743:Djellaba
722:Clothing
696:Madhalla
686:Keffiyeh
666:Headwear
620:Mashriq
614:(Levant)
570:Muqarnas
289:Voussoir
284:Vaulting
279:Tadelakt
269:Socarrat
239:Muqarnas
59:a series
57:Part of
42:Istanbul
4885:Mudéjar
4849:ArchNet
4799:Alcázar
4672:Musalla
4657:Maqbara
4647:Madrasa
4637:Külliye
4632:Khanqah
4622:Gongbei
4521:cooling
4519:Passive
4485:Chhatri
4478:objects
4476:Outdoor
4425:Gardens
4401:Mirador
4339:Shabaka
4329:Qashani
4284:Banna'i
4227:Minaret
4169:objects
4159:(eaves)
4157:Chhajja
4104:Squinch
4005:Umayyad
4000:Timurid
3990:Swahili
3975:Ottoman
3958:Almohad
3943:Moorish
3933:Iranian
3902:Bengali
3882:Fatimid
3877:Chinese
3872:Ayyubid
3862:Abbasid
3644:1602278
3363:Morocco
3333:, near
3184:Üsküdar
3178:Sultan
3129:Samokov
3088:at the
3040:sherbet
2951:Qaytbay
2915:Ayyubid
2841:thermae
2837:Hammams
2830:hadiths
2739:History
2678:cistern
2592:Turkish
2583::
2516:Yaghūth
2486:Basamum
2441:Almaqah
2409:Orotalt
2364:Al-Qaum
2359:Aglibol
2294:Chaabou
2289:Dushara
2239:Sindbad
2219:Othello
2174:Aladdin
2132:Shaddad
2012:Bahamut
1723:Science
1699:Tunisia
1684:Somalia
1659:Morocco
1644:Lebanon
1614:Comoros
1609:Bahrain
1604:Algeria
1582:Muḍāriʿ
1517:Humayni
1441:Hamasah
1333:Islamic
1316:Tezkire
1311:Tabaqat
1204:Tanoura
1144:Deheyeh
1039:Bedouin
992:Qasidah
952:Bashraf
925:Khaliji
920:Al Jeel
773:Macawis
738:Burnous
706:Tantour
701:Taqiyah
638:(Sudan)
636:Mawset
630:(Egypt)
628:Mawset
604:Khalij
597:Cuisine
540:Banna'i
346:Madrasa
316:Alcázar
169:Gardens
164:Banna'i
126:Moorish
121:Fatimid
116:Abbasid
111:Umayyad
96:Islamic
4809:Kasbah
4758:Kasbah
4748:Hammam
4743:Ghorfa
4728:Bazaar
4707:Zawiya
4696:takyeh
4667:Mosque
4617:Dargah
4544:Kucheh
4490:Eidgah
4416:Zenana
4364:Zellij
4349:Sitara
4344:Shamsa
4232:Minbar
4222:Mihrab
4207:Kiswah
4192:Gonbad
4056:Arches
4010:Yemeni
3980:Somali
3963:Hafsid
3938:Mamluk
3917:Mughal
3907:Deccan
3855:Styles
3728:
3688:
3642:
3578:
3546:
3516:
3462:
3393:) and
3278:(1828)
3234:(1753)
3224:Sebilj
3190:(1728)
3166:(1720)
3096:(1482)
3064:Hafsid
2939:kuttab
2822:Qur'an
2772:(near
2762:kuttab
2754:Mamluk
2688:grille
2661:sabala
2614:Muslim
2572:Arabic
2496:Haukim
2481:Qaynan
2476:Ta'lab
2471:Haubas
2461:Salman
2456:Athtar
2324:Azizos
2279:Al-Lat
2152:Wāḳwāḳ
2122:Qutrub
2117:Qareen
2107:Nasnas
2087:Luqman
2082:Kujata
2037:Dandan
2002:Ababil
1704:U.A.E.
1639:Kuwait
1634:Jordan
1573:Khafīf
1563:Rajaz
1508:Nabati
1503:Mawwal
1493:Kharja
1483:Nasīb
1478:Ruba'i
1468:Urjūza
1458:Qasida
1453:Diwan
1434:Khawal
1424:Ghazal
1414:Rithā'
1400:Genres
1372:Poetry
1365:Aqidah
1350:Hadith
1345:Tafsir
1281:Maqama
1256:Modern
1209:Yowlah
1199:Tahtib
1169:Mizmar
1149:Guedra
1099:Shaabi
1084:Mezwed
1079:Mawwal
1064:Fijiri
1029:Ataaba
1017:Waslah
1012:Taqsim
1002:Sama'i
982:Mawwal
972:Malhun
967:Layali
884:Genres
858:Teslim
843:Taqsim
818:Theory
783:Sirwal
768:Kaftan
716:Turban
691:Litham
580:Zellij
565:Kiswah
550:Damask
424:Styles
401:Zawiya
391:Tekyeh
361:Mosque
341:Kasbah
336:Hammam
321:Bazaar
299:Zellij
229:Mosaic
131:Mamluk
101:Yemeni
91:Styles
4824:Ribat
4819:Qalat
4804:Amsar
4763:Mahal
4702:Türbe
4692:Takya
4687:Surau
4682:Rauza
4677:Qubba
4662:Mazar
4652:Maqam
4593:Types
4505:Sebil
4395:Liwan
4385:Harem
4373:Rooms
4289:Girih
4274:Alfiz
4268:Ablaq
4242:Zarih
4237:Qibla
4186:Dikka
4181:Bedug
4176:Anaza
4152:Tajug
4118:Roofs
4033:Qadad
3995:Tatar
3892:Hausa
3806:Sebil
3640:JSTOR
3424:sabil
3420:Sebil
3407:Notes
3315:Jaffa
3276:Cairo
3256:Egypt
3252:Tanta
3204:Tunis
3072:Tunis
2993:gate.
2919:Egypt
2909:(570
2903:Syria
2876:Cairo
2826:Allah
2814:Islam
2793:Roman
2766:Cairo
2764:" in
2758:sabil
2665:Sabil
2654:sabil
2630:Cairo
2606:çesme
2596:sebil
2587:sabīl
2568:sebil
2564:sabil
2521:Yatha
2511:Ya'uq
2451:Anbay
2389:Suwa'
2384:Hubal
2354:Abgal
2344:Manāt
2339:Manāt
2334:Quzah
2329:Bajir
2314:Asira
2299:Manaf
2284:Manāt
2269:Allah
2097:Marid
2062:Ifrit
2057:Houri
2047:Ghoul
2042:Falak
2032:Buraq
1911:Texts
1900:Qadar
1890:Irfan
1870:Peace
1865:Dhati
1813:Kalam
1709:Yemen
1694:Syria
1689:Sudan
1674:Qatar
1649:Libya
1624:Egypt
1585:Sarīʿ
1567:Ramal
1558:Hazaj
1553:Wāfir
1548:Kamil
1543:Basīṭ
1539:Madīd
1535:Ṭawīl
1498:Zajal
1447:Forms
1437:Fakhr
1405:Madih
1384:Poets
1340:Quran
1321:Rihla
1262:Prose
1246:Paleo
1184:Samri
1139:Dabke
1129:Ardah
1121:Dance
1104:Zajal
1089:Samri
962:Dulab
915:Opera
853:Lazma
812:Music
798:Tiraz
793:Thawb
758:Izaar
733:Bisht
728:Abaya
660:Dress
457:Types
381:Sabil
376:Ribat
371:Qalat
356:Mazar
351:Maqam
305:Types
259:Riwaq
249:Qadad
214:Liwan
174:Girih
149:Alfiz
144:Ablaq
47:çesme
18:Sebil
4814:Ksar
4773:Souq
4694:(or
4559:Sahn
4533:Howz
4495:Fina
4467:Riad
4432:Bagh
4411:Qa’a
4406:Hosh
4390:Iwan
4309:Jali
4125:Dome
3726:ISBN
3686:ISSN
3576:ISBN
3544:ISBN
3514:ISBN
3460:ISBN
3353:The
3296:Acre
3222:The
2985:The
2874:and
2795:and
2695:waqf
2576:سبيل
2501:Nasr
2419:Sa'd
2414:Ruda
2399:Wadd
2349:A'ra
2319:Awal
2304:Nuha
2127:Roc
2072:Jinn
2052:Hinn
1905:Qalb
1895:Nafs
1664:Oman
1629:Iraq
1530:Bayt
1419:Waṣf
1409:Hija
1360:Fiqh
1355:Sīra
1273:Saj
1241:Old
1164:Liwa
1094:Sawt
1074:Liwa
1023:Folk
957:Dawr
848:Jins
681:Haik
671:Agal
264:Sahn
224:Riad
209:Iwan
184:Howz
3632:doi
3456:254
3359:Fes
3357:in
3313:in
3294:in
3274:in
3250:in
3226:in
3112:in
2969:at
2566:or
2506:Sīn
2446:Amm
2379:Bēl
1885:Hal
1214:Zār
930:Raï
418:Art
4994::
4139:/
4135:/
4131:/
3926:/
3761:^
3740:^
3698:^
3680:.
3676:.
3652:^
3638:.
3626:.
3590:^
3558:^
3528:^
3508:.
3494:^
3474:^
3458:.
3389:,
3361:,
3254:,
3230:,
3186:,
3131:,
3092:,
3070:,
2911:AH
2907:CE
2901:,
2690:.
2594::
2590:;
2578:,
2574::
2562:A
61:on
4264:)
4257:(
4143:)
4127:(
3840:e
3833:t
3826:v
3734:.
3692:.
3682:7
3646:.
3634::
3628:6
3584:.
3552:.
3522:.
3468:.
3426:.
3397:.
2760:-
2756:"
2570:(
2551:e
2544:t
2537:v
20:)
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