Knowledge (XXG)

Self Help Graphics & Art

Source đź“ť

1984:
Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) bond funds from the City of Los Angeles and its Economic and Workforce Development Office and funding from the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, the Weingart Foundation, lending from California Community Foundation and private donors. After years of fundraising in support of its Capital Campaign and community engagement surrounding the development of the building, the organization will embark on a cultural center renovation with details forthcoming.
1690: 130: 33: 158: 2421:, or a humorous sense of pride in being able to make do with limited resources. Nonetheless, it gave artists greater latitude for individual expression, and created a higher-quality product, which resulted in greater prestige for both the artists and the center. The shift was also a means to concentrate the center's resources, which were becoming limited due to 1961:
the staff was dismissed. The unforeseen nature of the closure evoked an angry reaction from the artists affiliated with the center and the community at large. A series of meetings were held to ensure that the closure was only temporary and to pre-empt any potential future problems resulting from lack of funding or the lack of organizational transparency.
3097: 1921:, which rented space for dances and meetings. Under the terms of the lease, which was renewable every ten years, Self Help was to pay one dollar per year in rent. According to cultural historian Kristen Guzmán, "From correspondence involving Sister Karen and members of her community, as well as the Franciscan 2661:
April 2018 – Self Help Graphics & Art acquired its headquarters in the amount of 3.625 million, located at 1300 E. 1st St. in Boyle Heights. The landmark achievement of the organization ensured its permanence on the Eastside of LA for future generations. The building acquisition was made possible
2603:
were "delivered" in a giant envelope marked postage due. They emerged in wild costumes, acting out their "absurdist message". The piece was a challenge to Self Help's orthodox interpretation of the holiday. According to Gronk, "We were originally asked to come in to do a piece." But after being shown
1983:
In April 2018 Self Help Graphics & Art acquired its headquarters in the amount of 3.625 million, located at 1300 E. 1st St. in Boyle Heights. The achievement of the organization ensured its permanence on the Eastside of LA for future generations. The building acquisition was made possible through
1960:
became the center's new artistic director, and was charged with broadening Self Help's horizons. The personnel changes may have been symptoms of larger problems. BenĂ­tez stepped down in March 2005 as a financial crisis became public knowledge. On June 7, 2005, the doors of Self Help were locked and
1979:
Several attempts were made by Self Help to purchase the building and were rejected by the new owners. It not being financially feasible for the not-for-profit organization to continue paying rent, it was able to secure a new space and in March 2011 moved to 1300 East First Street, Los Angeles, CA
1975:
Most recently, news became public that Self Help had been sold by the Archdiocese of Los Angeles. The former owners, the Sisters of Saint Francis, said they asked the Archdiocese to facilitate the sale of the building. Sister Carol Snyder said it became untenable to support a venture that did not
2389:
Mobile Art Studio (BMAS). The BMAS was a large van that was equipped with art supplies. Its mission was "to develop the individual's aesthetic appreciation, to provide an alternative mode of self-expression, and to increase the individual's appreciation of Chicano culture." On weekdays, the BMAS
2611:
The Day of the Dead has taken a political bent when used to mourn those who have died from the political violence. As such, it has occasionally been used as a vehicle to artistically criticize the policies of the United States, especially as they affect the Latino community. Altars to honor the
1821:
the following year at an East Los Angeles shopping center called El Mercado. In 1973, the organization, which until that time went by the name Art Inc., was renamed Self Help Graphics & Art when it found a home in a suite on the third floor of an office building at 2111 Brooklyn Avenue in
2425:-era cutbacks in social spending. The production of higher-quality works also opened up the possibility of funding Self Help activities through the sales of prints. Stephen Rose was the first master printer, Oscar Duardo the second, and José Alpuche, the third masterprinter (1979–2011). 2662:
through Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) bond funds from the City of Los Angeles and its Economic and Workforce Development Office and funding from the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, the Weingart Foundation, lending from California Community Foundation and private donors.
1897:
art enthusiasts and sought donations from art stores, museums, and Catholic organizations. In 1974, the artists realized that in order to accomplish their goal of creating a permanent home for a community arts center, they would need the support of major institutions such as the
2523:. Self Help played an integral role in the holiday's revival in California. The first celebration was in 1974, and by 1978 it had become an event requiring $ 14,000 in funding. Today, the Day of the Dead is one of Los Angeles's major celebrations, and receives funding from the 2414:
In 1982, Self Help began an "Experimental Screenprint Atelier", a workshop in fine art serigraphy. Serigraphy was a technique that was more expensive and required greater expertise than the silkscreening. As such, it represented a departure from the Chicano sensibility of
2577:
The event has not only been the occasion to, as a promotional brochure explains, "learn about the important role that heritage and tradition play in defining who we are", but has also been used to make artistic and political statements. In 1974, the Chicano
1968:. But they were not enough to cover the repairs necessary, which raised safety issues for Self Help's workers and liability concerns for the organization. There was the additional complication of the ownership of the building, which still belonged to the 1841:
workshop that ended with a group exhibition. Participating artists paid a small fee and provided their own materials. Thus began the Self Help tradition of instructing budding artists in graphic arts techniques. Shortly thereafter, funds provided by the
1936:
The former Self Help building contained a gallery, GalerĂ­a Otra Vez, a printing room, office, studio space for artists-in-residence, and storage areas in two stories. Today the exterior walls of the building are adorned with embedded ceramic pieces,
2701:
April 2022 – After years of fundraising in support of its Capital Campaign and community engagement surrounding the development of its 1300 E. 1st St. building, the organization will embark on a cultural center renovation with details
1062: 1468: 2638:
In 2009 the Day of the Dead Celebration had grown too large to be held in the Self Help parking lot. The celebration was moved to its current location at East Los Angeles Civic Center on 3rd Street and Mednik Avenue.
1730: 2586:
group Asco took advantage of the opportunity to confront a by-then entrenched social and political culture with an irreverent "invasion". In the midst of ceremonies attended by Los Angeles's political elite,
1826:. The 2,000 square-foot (186 m) space was financed by Order of the Sisters of St. Francis, who donated $ 10,000. The following year, the space was expanded to 9,000 square feet (836 m) with a grant from the 2696:. Within two weeks of this news, the nonprofit organization announced California State funding in the amount of four million dollars, toward the renovation of its 1300 E. 1st St. Boyle Heights building. 2367: 2332: 1913:
In 1979, Self Help relocated to its former location in a large building on the corner of Cesar Chavez Avenue (formerly Brooklyn Avenue) and Gage Street. The building, which is owned by the
1723: 2492:
in 1993. Boccalero found funding to allow some of the artists and Self Help staff to travel with the exhibition, which fostered networking between artists from the countries visited.
1787: 1762:
festivities, in addition to hosting exhibitions and musical performances. Throughout its history, the organization has worked with well-known artists in the Los Angeles area such as
2406:, who used the materials to publish a newsletter about gang activity. The program, although phased out in 1985, served as a model for similar programs in Los Angeles and elsewhere. 1564: 2444:. Special projects are also undertaken, such as the Maestras Atelier, a workshop for female artists. The first Maestras Atelier took place in 1999 and featured artists such as 1716: 1398: 1067: 2941: 2360: 2194: 3218: 1704: 1699: 1964:
Apparently, the trouble started when it was discovered that the building was in need of repairs. Numerous fundraisers were held, including a benefit concert by
1546: 2229: 2608:.' Day of the Dead can mean a lot of different of things, and it doesn't necessarily mean paper cutouts, skull heads. We can invent it, what it means to us." 3132: 2353: 50: 1532: 1907: 3228: 592: 2390:
visited public and parochial schools and taught photography, batik, sculpture, puppetry, and filmmaking. On weekends, the van went to neighborhoods in
3087: 2778:“Guide to the Self Help Graphics Archives, 1960 - 2003,” University of California, Santa Barbara, Davidson Library, Department of Special Collections 2604:
a film about Mexico's Day of the Dead, "we sort of rolled our eyes like, 'Are we gonna repeat that?' Just like, 'That's fine for somewhere else, but
542: 2182: 1091: 569: 3136: 2893: 2653: 2283: 1569: 1305: 574: 324: 2649: 2202: 1949:
that stood in the parking lot has been relocated to the new building in Boyle Heights. The mosaic work was done by the artist Eduardo Oropeza.
1902:. Boccalero attended grant-writing workshops and hired professional administrative staff, including a bilingual office manager supplied by the 1525: 1479: 580: 3223: 3031: 3023: 2763: 2684: 2524: 2428:
Ateliers are held at least twice a year, and usually center around a specific theme. For example, when residents were being evicted from the
2241: 2173: 1559: 429: 2870: 1072: 479: 2536:-making, altar-making, and printmaking workshops for children and adults. On November 1, participants, many of whom paint their faces as 97: 3238: 2671:
non-profit is launched consisting of Self-Help Graphics & Art and four other prominent greater Los Angeles area arts organizations:
2177: 1405: 484: 69: 2731: 2133: 1373: 1252: 934: 547: 434: 3213: 1809:, and others. They decided to work together to promote community arts and the work of local artists, to use art as an instrument of 116: 3149: 76: 2894:"Latinx Group Pushes for Arts Equity; New Alliance Calls Out Funding Disparities and Aims to Raise Visibility in L.A. and Beyond" 2545: 2503:, by the artists of the Glasgow Print Studio in October 1996 to collaborate on Day of the Dead workshops and celebrations there. 2465: 1664: 1433: 955: 3203: 1899: 1412: 948: 614: 2620: 1827: 899: 54: 83: 2966: 3193: 1758:
and remains a significant center for Chicanx and Latinx artistic production. SHG is most well-known for organizing annual
1669: 1171: 885: 494: 2656:
to produce and distribute posters advising Mexican immigrants on how to respond if confronted by immigration authorities.
3000: 2676: 2516: 2399: 2102: 2048: 1751: 1611: 504: 239: 2871:"Pop-Up Gets Graphic with DACA Message; L.A. Arts Program Responds to Trump's Decision by Printing Informative Posters" 65: 3188: 2672: 2209: 2110: 2056: 1918: 1553: 913: 858: 459: 286: 339: 2391: 1969: 1914: 1823: 1112: 409: 2616:
that incorporate text or images highlighting the high casualty rate among Latino soldiers are an example of such.
43: 3233: 1926: 1659: 1616: 1348: 1295: 920: 772: 464: 329: 3069: 2687:
with a mission to facilitate equal representation for the Latinx arts community at the local and national level.
2402:
to provide art materials and training to people of all ages. Participation was encouraged even among members of
2052: 266: 3208: 2833: 2680: 2468:
to "provide exposure to American values and culture". The exhibit, which featured work from 20 artists, toured
2395: 2339: 1906:'s SER-Jobs for Progress. Between 1975 and 1983, Self Help was able to benefit from Title VI funding under the 1105: 989: 701: 454: 359: 2126: 2106: 509: 404: 2996: 1843: 1654: 1277: 1136: 1003: 314: 281: 1754:, United States. Established in 1970, Self Help Graphics served as a critical locus of activity during the 2668: 2437: 1855: 1771: 1599: 1257: 996: 586: 449: 439: 222: 2721: 2422: 2149: 2064: 1952:
Boccalero functioned as executive director until her death in 1997, at which point she was succeeded by
1946: 1859: 1798: 1649: 1644: 1490: 1447: 1384: 1247: 1176: 552: 334: 276: 90: 2632: 2562:, prints, and other works are exhibited. Often there are musical and theatrical performances. In 1978, 1300: 3198: 2631:: DĂ­a de los Muertos en California" to Day of the Dead celebrations at Self Help and San Francisco's 2068: 1957: 1851: 1806: 1755: 1694: 1440: 1426: 1214: 851: 603: 469: 424: 364: 344: 1863: 1802: 2692:
June 2021 – Self Help Graphics & Art announced a one million dollar donation by philanthropist
2237: 2165: 2122: 2094: 1953: 1930: 1883: 1539: 691: 653: 524: 474: 1879: 1871: 2287: 2279: 2141: 2118: 2114: 1847: 1391: 1267: 1166: 820: 815: 620: 444: 419: 309: 261: 201: 181: 2648:
September 2017 – In response to the Trump Administration’s announcement that it plans to repeal
1875: 1867: 3047: 3042: 3027: 2971: 2759: 2727: 2343: 2225: 2189: 2029: 1903: 1461: 1454: 658: 394: 354: 349: 149: 1980:
90033. The mosaic statue of Our Lady of Guadalupe was also transported to the new location.
2600: 2588: 2567: 2520: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2303: 2213: 2098: 2079: 2005: 1890:
as arts instructors. The first Day of the Dead Celebration in the USA began in 1974 at SHG.
1775: 1763: 1272: 1098: 1039: 906: 878: 767: 608: 519: 379: 157: 17: 3128: 2693: 2583: 2315: 2233: 2072: 1838: 1790: 1759: 1044: 1022: 941: 729: 663: 563: 369: 319: 304: 2596: 2579: 2555: 2433: 1818: 1343: 1219: 1141: 844: 825: 256: 3182: 3101: 2624: 2592: 2550: 2319: 2145: 1894: 1887: 1810: 1747: 1419: 1156: 1131: 668: 2756:
Self Help Graphics at fifty: a cornerstone of Latinx art and collaborative artmaking
1933:, it is evident that the Church was vital to Self Help's existence in this period". 2532: 2469: 2429: 2417: 2307: 2265: 2260: 2169: 1338: 1310: 1229: 1161: 982: 927: 892: 777: 757: 752: 734: 724: 598: 399: 129: 1893:
At first, material support for Self Help was scarce. Boccalero raised funds from
3065: 2563: 2403: 2255: 1333: 1209: 1146: 719: 557: 32: 2628: 2541: 2086: 2060: 1594: 514: 414: 271: 3164: 3151: 2915: 2441: 2299: 975: 782: 2464:"Chicano Expressions" was an internationally touring exhibit funded by the 2090: 389: 3123: 2967:"Los Angeles's Self Help Graphics marks 50 years with $ 14.9m renovation" 2613: 2537: 2500: 2477: 2473: 2295: 2034: 2014: 1965: 1767: 1589: 1262: 1151: 762: 673: 191: 2726:. Los Angeles: The Chicano Archives: UCLA Chicano Studies Center Press. 3088:"State of California Department Of Parks And Recreation Primary Record" 2817: 2558:
is celebrated there. Then attendees return to Self Help, where altars,
2496: 2481: 2311: 2291: 2024: 2019: 2000: 1817:, and to establish a cultural arts center. The artists had their first 1794: 1224: 696: 196: 186: 145: 2554:) offered to the deceased family members there interred. Sometimes a 2485: 2386: 1938: 1922: 1814: 1604: 206: 3116: 3020:
Self Help Graphics & Art: Art in the Heart of East Los Angeles
2723:
Self Help Graphics & Art: Art in the Heart of East Los Angeles
2489: 2161: 1942: 1834: 489: 3141: 3100:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1833:
The first official activity of the organization was an inaugural
2436:. Other themes have included the Virgin of Guadalupe, AIDS, the 499: 26: 1793:
started producing prints in an East Los Angeles garage with
2548:, where personal and family altars are set up and food is ( 2942:"Self Help Graphics receives $ 1M from MacKenzie Scott" 2758:. Oakland, California: University of California Press. 3058:
Chicanos en Mictlán: Día de los Muertos en California
3001:"Self Help Graphics & Art Organizational History" 3005:
Guide to the Self Help Graphics Archives 1960 - 1992
2754:
Reinoza, Tatiana; Davalos, Karen Mary, eds. (2023).
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2832:HECTOR BECERRA; ESMERALDA BERMUDEZ (2008-07-10). 2652:, Self-Help Graphics & Art partners with the 2515:was part of the Mexican-American reclamation of 2815:"Self Help Graphics & Arts building sold". 2432:, artists produced prints accusing the city of 2385:In 1974, Self Help began a program called the 3129:Guide to the Self Help Graphics Archives 1960 2361: 1724: 8: 3133:California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives 2530:Preparation generally begins in August with 2519:identity, an important social aspect of the 2495:Self Help Graphics & Art was invited to 2834:"East L.A. art center will need a new home" 2940:Fuoco-Karasinski, Christina (2021-06-21). 2368: 2354: 1991: 1731: 1717: 1637: 1512: 1369: 1197: 1027: 803: 641: 244: 170: 136: 2654:National Day Laborer Organization Network 1908:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 133:The Self-Help Graphics & Art building 117:Learn how and when to remove this message 3022:. Edited by Colin Gunckel. Los Angeles: 2230:Chicano Spanish words / phrases 1092:Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza 128: 3219:Mexican-American culture in Los Angeles 3137:University of California, Santa Barbara 2869:Miranda, Carolina (September 6, 2017). 2712: 2325: 2273: 2247: 2219: 2155: 2132: 2078: 2042: 1999: 1580: 1515: 1478: 1372: 1324: 1306:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts 1286: 1238: 1200: 1122: 1081: 1053: 1030: 965: 868: 834: 806: 743: 710: 682: 644: 533: 378: 295: 247: 214: 173: 144: 2627:dedicated its exhibition "Chicanos en 2511:The revival of the indigenous holiday 3024:University of California, Los Angeles 2685:Social and Public Art Resource Center 2525:National Endowment for the Humanities 2242:Spanish language in the United States 7: 3041:Hernandez, Daniel (August 4, 2004). 1073:UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center 55:adding citations to reliable sources 2892:Vankin, Deborah (October 6, 2020). 2178:Mexican American Youth Organization 1469:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal. 1406:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co. 2174:ComisiĂłn Femenil Mexicana Nacional 1744:Self Help Graphics & Art, Inc. 935:The Revolt of the Cockroach People 25: 3229:1972 establishments in California 3095: 3060:. San Francisco: Mexican Museum. 2466:United States Information Agency 1688: 156: 31: 1900:National Endowment for the Arts 1399:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez 325:California agricultural strikes 42:needs additional citations for 3070:"Self Help Graphics Finished?" 3043:"Self Help Graphics & Art" 2195:Mexican American Legal Defense 1846:allowed the hiring of artists 1828:Campaign for Human Development 900:From This Wicked Patch of Dust 66:"Self Help Graphics & Art" 1: 2965:Cheng, Scarlet (2023-05-23). 1917:, was previously home to the 956:...y no se lo tragĂł la tierra 495:Occupation of Catalina Island 3224:History of Mexican Americans 2677:Museum of Latin American Art 1910:in a variety of capacities. 1752:East Los Angeles, California 1612:Indigenous Mexican Americans 1316:Self Help Graphics & Art 18:Self-Help Graphics & Art 2210:National Council of La Raza 2123:Farm worker rights campaign 2057:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1919:Catholic Youth Organization 914:The Dirty Girls Social Club 287:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 3255: 3239:Boyle Heights, Los Angeles 2203:Mexican American Political 1970:Archdiocese of Los Angeles 1956:. In May 2005, the artist 1915:Archdiocese of Los Angeles 1113:This Bridge Called My Back 859:Who Would Have Thought It? 2946:Los Angeles Downtown News 2103:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán 1617:Punjabi Mexican Americans 1349:Great Wall of Los Angeles 921:The House on Mango Street 773:Mexican-American folklore 505:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán 330:Cantaloupe strike of 1928 3214:Landmarks in Los Angeles 3018:Guzmán, Kristen (2005). 2720:Guzman, Kristen (2014). 2681:Vincent Price Art Museum 2574:as part of the program. 2381:Barrio Mobile Art Studio 2049:Mexican–American History 1695:United States portal 1106:The Church in the Barrio 966:Poetry and Short Stories 702:Mexican-American cuisine 543:1985–1987 cannery strike 2527:, among other sources. 2185:Latin American Citizens 1844:California Arts Council 1434:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S. 1278:Royal Chicano Air Force 1137:Coyolxauhqui imperative 949:Under the Feet of Jesus 3204:Culture of Los Angeles 2438:1992 Los Angeles riots 1945:. The large statue of 1772:East Los Streetscapers 1413:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce 1296:Centro de Arte PĂşblico 1258:East Los Streetscapers 997:Pensamiento Serpentino 587:Great American Boycott 465:Las Adelitas de Aztlán 435:Conferencia de Mujeres 223:Anti-Mexican sentiment 134: 2544:down Cesar Chavez to 2423:Reagan Administration 2333:U.S. communities with 2284:Estrada Courts murals 2150:Mendez v. Westminster 2127:CatĂłlicos por La Raza 2107:Plan de Santa Bárbara 2065:San Elizario Salt War 1947:Our Lady of Guadalupe 1491:Madrigal v. Quilligan 1448:Mendez v. Westminster 1385:Botiller v. Dominguez 1177:Youth control complex 553:2019 El Paso shooting 510:Plan de Santa Bárbara 405:CatĂłlicos por La Raza 335:Citrus Strike of 1936 277:San Elizario Salt War 248:Early-American Period 132: 3194:American printmakers 3165:34.0473°N 118.2267°W 3142:Latinx Arts Alliance 2920:Latinx Arts Alliance 2669:Latinx Arts Alliance 2053:Mexican–American War 2043:Pre-Chicano Movement 1856:Fernando Amozorrutia 1786:In 1970, artist and 1756:Chicano art movement 1441:Leal Garcia v. Texas 1063:MAS Programs, Tucson 852:Living Up the Street 604:Justice for Janitors 470:Los Siete de la Raza 425:Colegio CĂ©sar Chávez 345:Mexican Repatriation 296:Pre-Chicano Movement 267:Mexican–American War 51:improve this article 3161: /  3056:Romo, Tere (2000). 2896:. Los Angeles Times 2873:. Los Angeles Times 2460:Chicano Expressions 2238:New Mexican Spanish 2166:United Farm Workers 2111:Land grant struggle 2095:Chicano nationalism 2069:Sleepy Lagoon trial 1995:Part of a series on 1480:Federal Court cases 1374:Supreme Court cases 692:New Mexican cuisine 654:Abrazos, no balazos 575:Chicano Art Exhibit 548:1992 Drywall Strike 534:Post-Chicano Period 525:United Farm Workers 475:Los Seis de Boulder 460:Land grant struggle 450:Hijas de CuauhtĂ©moc 365:Sleepy Lagoon trial 140:Part of a series on 3189:Artist-run centres 3170:34.0473; -118.2267 2633:GalerĂ­a de la Raza 2546:Evergreen Cemetery 2513:DĂ­a de los Muertos 2316:Dia de los muertos 2280:Chicano literature 2197:and Education Fund 2142:Hernandez v. Texas 2119:Chicano Moratorium 1516:Population by City 1392:Hernandez v. Texas 1301:GalerĂ­a de la Raza 1268:Mujeres Muralistas 1167:Spiritual activism 821:Chicano literature 816:Chicana literature 621:South Central Farm 445:East L.A. walkouts 420:Chicano Moratorium 310:Bisbee Deportation 262:Las Gorras Blancas 135: 3048:Los Angeles Times 3033:978-0-89551-100-3 2997:GĂĽereña, Salvador 2972:The Art Newspaper 2765:978-0-520-39086-7 2667:September 2020 – 2430:Wilshire Corridor 2378: 2377: 2335:Hispanic majority 2190:American GI Forum 2030:Mexican Americans 2006:Mexican Americans 1904:American GI Forum 1741: 1740: 1678: 1677: 1660:Mexican Americans 1625: 1624: 1565:Dallas–Fort Worth 1500: 1499: 1462:Perez v. Brownell 1455:Bernal v. Fainter 1427:MedellĂ­n v. Texas 1357: 1356: 1287:Art organizations 1185: 1184: 1013: 1012: 990:Moment of Silence 791: 790: 629: 628: 395:Black-brown unity 360:Porvenir Massacre 355:Plan de San Diego 350:Operation Wetback 230: 229: 150:Mexican Americans 127: 126: 119: 101: 16:(Redirected from 3246: 3234:Punk rock venues 3176: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3159: 3158: 3157: 3154: 3120: 3119: 3117:Official website 3099: 3098: 3094: 3092: 3083: 3081: 3080: 3074:Art for a Change 3061: 3052: 3037: 3014: 3012: 3011: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2979: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2952: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2912: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2866: 2860: 2857: 2851: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2812: 2806: 2803: 2797: 2794: 2788: 2785: 2779: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2717: 2589:Harry Gamboa Jr. 2572:El Fin del Mundo 2568:Teatro Campesino 2521:Chicano Movement 2454:Laura E. Alvarez 2450:Barbara Carrasco 2446:Yreina Cervantez 2370: 2363: 2356: 2340:Notable Chicanos 2304:Teatro Campesino 2214:Raza Unida Party 2183:League of United 2115:Chicano Blowouts 2099:Chicana feminism 2080:Chicano Movement 1992: 1776:Shizu Saldamando 1764:Barbara Carrasco 1733: 1726: 1719: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1638: 1513: 1370: 1273:Teatro Campesino 1198: 1099:Brown, Not White 1040:Chicana feminism 1028: 907:Mexican WhiteBoy 879:Bless Me, Ultima 835:Autobiographical 804: 768:Lowrider bicycle 642: 609:Murder of Selena 520:Raza Unida Party 380:Chicano Movement 315:Bloody Christmas 245: 171: 160: 137: 122: 115: 111: 108: 102: 100: 59: 35: 27: 21: 3254: 3253: 3249: 3248: 3247: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3209:Day of the Dead 3179: 3178: 3169: 3167: 3163: 3160: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3147: 3115: 3114: 3111: 3096: 3090: 3086: 3078: 3076: 3064: 3055: 3040: 3034: 3017: 3009: 3007: 2995: 2992: 2987: 2986: 2977: 2975: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2950: 2948: 2939: 2938: 2934: 2924: 2922: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2899: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2886: 2876: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2858: 2854: 2849: 2845: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2782: 2777: 2773: 2766: 2753: 2752: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2694:MacKenzie Scott 2645: 2612:victims of the 2584:performance art 2509: 2507:Day of the Dead 2462: 2440:, and the poet 2412: 2410:Atelier program 2400:Lincoln Heights 2383: 2374: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2318: 2314: 2312:Tex-Mex cuisine 2310: 2302: 2294: 2286: 2282: 2240: 2236: 2234:Chicano English 2232: 2228: 2226:Chicano Spanish 2212: 2208: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2199: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2148: 2144: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2073:Zoot Suit Riots 2067: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2004: 1990: 1958:Gustavo LeClerc 1852:Michael Amescua 1807:Frank Hernández 1791:Karen Boccalero 1784: 1760:Day of the Dead 1737: 1689: 1687: 1680: 1679: 1674: 1655:Chicano rappers 1635: 1627: 1626: 1621: 1576: 1510: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1474: 1367: 1359: 1358: 1353: 1320: 1282: 1239:Art Collectives 1234: 1195: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1118: 1077: 1049: 1045:Chicanafuturism 1025: 1023:Chicano studies 1015: 1014: 1009: 961: 942:So Far from God 864: 830: 801: 793: 792: 787: 739: 706: 697:Tex-Mex cuisine 678: 664:Chicano English 639: 631: 630: 625: 615:Proposition 187 564:Arizona SB 1070 529: 410:Centro Cultural 374: 370:Zoot Suit Riots 320:Bracero program 305:1917 Bath riots 291: 242: 232: 231: 168: 123: 112: 106: 103: 60: 58: 48: 36: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3252: 3250: 3242: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3181: 3180: 3145: 3144: 3139: 3126: 3121: 3110: 3109:External links 3107: 3106: 3105: 3084: 3062: 3053: 3038: 3032: 3015: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2957: 2932: 2907: 2884: 2861: 2852: 2843: 2824: 2807: 2798: 2789: 2780: 2771: 2764: 2746: 2733:978-0895511546 2732: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2697: 2689: 2688: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2657: 2644: 2641: 2621:Mexican Museum 2508: 2505: 2461: 2458: 2434:gentrification 2411: 2408: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2372: 2365: 2358: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2250: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2222: 2221: 2217: 2216: 2201: 2193: 2181: 2158: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2138: 2137: 2130: 2129: 2083: 2082: 2076: 2075: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2009: 2008: 1997: 1996: 1989: 1986: 1864:Victor Du Bois 1803:Antonio Ibáñez 1788:Franciscan nun 1783: 1780: 1748:community arts 1739: 1738: 1736: 1735: 1728: 1721: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1675: 1673: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1641: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1602: 1600:Nuevomexicanos 1597: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1567: 1557: 1550: 1543: 1536: 1529: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1497: 1495: 1494: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1465: 1458: 1451: 1444: 1437: 1430: 1423: 1416: 1409: 1402: 1395: 1388: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1344:Estrada Courts 1341: 1336: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1319: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1284: 1283: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1220:Chicano cinema 1217: 1212: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1182: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1142:Gringo justice 1139: 1134: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1117: 1116: 1109: 1102: 1095: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1076: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1051: 1050: 1048: 1047: 1042: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1026: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1011: 1010: 1008: 1007: 1000: 993: 986: 979: 971: 968: 967: 963: 962: 960: 959: 952: 945: 938: 931: 924: 917: 910: 903: 896: 889: 882: 874: 871: 870: 866: 865: 863: 862: 855: 848: 845:Always Running 840: 837: 836: 832: 831: 829: 828: 826:Chicano poetry 823: 818: 812: 809: 808: 802: 799: 798: 795: 794: 789: 788: 786: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 749: 746: 745: 741: 740: 738: 737: 732: 727: 722: 716: 713: 712: 708: 707: 705: 704: 699: 694: 688: 685: 684: 680: 679: 677: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 650: 647: 646: 640: 637: 636: 633: 632: 627: 626: 624: 623: 618: 611: 606: 601: 596: 589: 584: 577: 572: 567: 560: 555: 550: 545: 539: 536: 535: 531: 530: 528: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 455:Huelga schools 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 386: 383: 382: 376: 375: 373: 372: 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 301: 298: 297: 293: 292: 290: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 257:Josefa Segovia 253: 250: 249: 243: 238: 237: 234: 233: 228: 227: 226: 225: 217: 216: 212: 211: 210: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 176: 175: 169: 166: 165: 162: 161: 153: 152: 142: 141: 125: 124: 39: 37: 30: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3251: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3177: 3174: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3103: 3102:public domain 3089: 3085: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2961: 2958: 2947: 2943: 2936: 2933: 2921: 2917: 2911: 2908: 2895: 2888: 2885: 2872: 2865: 2862: 2856: 2853: 2847: 2844: 2839: 2835: 2828: 2825: 2821:. 2008-07-11. 2820: 2819: 2811: 2808: 2802: 2799: 2793: 2790: 2784: 2781: 2775: 2772: 2767: 2761: 2757: 2750: 2747: 2735: 2729: 2725: 2724: 2716: 2713: 2706: 2700: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2625:San Francisco 2622: 2619:In 2000, the 2617: 2615: 2609: 2607: 2602: 2601:Willie HerrĂłn 2598: 2594: 2593:Patssi Valdez 2590: 2585: 2581: 2575: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2552: 2551:pan de muerto 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2534: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2424: 2420: 2419: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2392:Boyle Heights 2388: 2380: 2371: 2366: 2364: 2359: 2357: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2330: 2329: 2324: 2321: 2320:Cinco de Mayo 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2246: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2218: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2198: 2191: 2186: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2156:Organizations 2154: 2151: 2147: 2146:Plyler v. Doe 2143: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2134:Supreme Court 2131: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1993: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1954:Tomás BenĂ­tez 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1927:Santa Barbara 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1895:Beverly Hills 1891: 1889: 1888:Linda Vallejo 1885: 1884:Silvia Chavez 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1824:Boyle Heights 1820: 1816: 1812: 1811:social change 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1789: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1734: 1729: 1727: 1722: 1720: 1715: 1714: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1650:Chicano poets 1648: 1646: 1645:Chicano films 1643: 1642: 1640: 1639: 1631: 1630: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1585: 1584: 1579: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1506: 1505: 1493: 1492: 1488: 1487: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1471: 1470: 1466: 1464: 1463: 1459: 1457: 1456: 1452: 1450: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1442: 1438: 1436: 1435: 1431: 1429: 1428: 1424: 1422: 1421: 1420:Plyler v. Doe 1417: 1415: 1414: 1410: 1408: 1407: 1403: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1394: 1393: 1389: 1387: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1379: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1363: 1362: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1323: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1253:Culture Clash 1251: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1205: 1204: 1199: 1191: 1190: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1157:New tribalism 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1132:Barrioization 1130: 1129: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1115: 1114: 1110: 1108: 1107: 1103: 1101: 1100: 1096: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1058: 1057: 1054:Organizations 1052: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1018: 1006: 1005: 1001: 999: 998: 994: 992: 991: 987: 985: 984: 980: 978: 977: 973: 972: 970: 969: 964: 958: 957: 953: 951: 950: 946: 944: 943: 939: 937: 936: 932: 930: 929: 925: 923: 922: 918: 916: 915: 911: 909: 908: 904: 902: 901: 897: 895: 894: 890: 888: 887: 883: 881: 880: 876: 875: 873: 872: 867: 861: 860: 856: 854: 853: 849: 847: 846: 842: 841: 839: 838: 833: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 813: 811: 810: 805: 797: 796: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 750: 748: 747: 742: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 717: 715: 714: 709: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 689: 687: 686: 681: 675: 672: 670: 669:Chicano names 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 651: 649: 648: 643: 635: 634: 622: 619: 617: 616: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 594: 590: 588: 585: 583: 582: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 565: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 540: 538: 537: 532: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 387: 385: 384: 381: 377: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 302: 300: 299: 294: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 254: 252: 251: 246: 241: 236: 235: 224: 221: 220: 219: 218: 213: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 179: 178: 177: 172: 164: 163: 159: 155: 154: 151: 147: 143: 139: 138: 131: 121: 118: 110: 99: 96: 92: 89: 85: 82: 78: 75: 71: 68: â€“  67: 63: 62:Find sources: 56: 52: 46: 45: 40:This article 38: 34: 29: 28: 19: 3146: 3093:. June 2010. 3077:. Retrieved 3073: 3057: 3046: 3019: 3008:. Retrieved 3004: 2990:Bibliography 2976:. Retrieved 2970: 2960: 2949:. Retrieved 2945: 2935: 2923:. Retrieved 2919: 2910: 2898:. Retrieved 2887: 2875:. Retrieved 2864: 2855: 2846: 2837: 2827: 2816: 2810: 2801: 2792: 2783: 2774: 2755: 2749: 2737:. Retrieved 2722: 2715: 2702:forthcoming. 2637: 2618: 2610: 2605: 2576: 2571: 2559: 2549: 2533:papel picado 2531: 2529: 2512: 2510: 2494: 2470:South Africa 2463: 2427: 2418:rasquachismo 2416: 2413: 2404:street gangs 2396:City Terrace 2384: 2342: / 2308:Chicano Park 2266:Tejano music 2261:Chicano rock 2170:Brown Berets 1982: 1978: 1976:make money. 1974: 1963: 1951: 1935: 1912: 1892: 1880:Carla Webber 1872:Linda Orozco 1860:Carlos Bueno 1832: 1799:Carlos Bueno 1785: 1743: 1742: 1670:Bibliography 1531:California ( 1489: 1467: 1460: 1453: 1446: 1439: 1432: 1425: 1418: 1411: 1404: 1397: 1390: 1383: 1339:Chicano Park 1315: 1311:Precita Eyes 1230:Tortilla art 1162:Rasquachismo 1111: 1104: 1097: 1090: 1002: 995: 988: 983:I Am Joaquin 981: 974: 954: 947: 940: 933: 928:The Rain God 926: 919: 912: 905: 898: 893:Desert Blood 891: 884: 877: 857: 850: 843: 778:Pancho Claus 753:Cal-Style VW 735:Tejano music 730:Chicano soul 725:Chicano rock 613: 599:Farah strike 591: 579: 562: 400:Brown Berets 113: 107:January 2023 104: 94: 87: 80: 73: 61: 49:Please help 44:verification 41: 3199:Chicano art 3168: / 3156:118°13′36″W 3131:- from the 3066:Mark Vallen 2999:(c. 1985). 2859:Guzmán, 13. 2787:Guzmán, 10. 2643:In the News 2564:Luis Valdez 2256:Chicano rap 2205:Association 1848:Peter Tovar 1595:Californios 1581:Multiethnic 1533:Los Angeles 1334:Balmy Alley 1215:Chicano art 1210:Chicana art 1147:Nahui Ollin 720:Chicano rap 570:Castro 2020 558:Abolish ICE 3183:Categories 3153:34°02′50″N 3079:2006-06-26 3010:2006-06-26 2978:2023-06-27 2951:2023-06-27 2916:"About Us" 2796:Hernandez. 2707:References 2683:, and the 2606:not for us 2580:conceptual 2570:performed 2517:indigenous 2087:Chicanismo 2061:Mutualista 1876:Jesse Rays 1868:Jeff Gates 1839:silkscreen 1819:exhibition 1750:center in 1552:Nebraska ( 1545:Michigan ( 1538:Illinois ( 1509:Population 1201:Visual Art 1194:Visual art 807:Literature 800:Literature 515:Quinto Sol 415:Chicanismo 340:La Matanza 282:Sonoratown 272:Mutualista 77:newspapers 2739:23 August 2538:calaveras 2442:Sor Juana 2344:Hispanics 2300:Zoot suit 1590:Blaxicans 1524:Arizona ( 1325:Locations 1172:VergĂĽenza 1004:The Moths 976:Emplumada 886:Caballero 783:Zoot suit 3124:SHG News 3068:(2005). 2850:Romo, 5. 2838:LA Times 2673:LA Plaza 2614:Iraq War 2560:ofrendas 2501:Scotland 2478:Honduras 2474:Colombia 2296:Lowrider 2220:Language 2035:Hispanic 2015:Chicanos 2001:Chicanos 1988:Programs 1966:Ozomatli 1797:artists 1768:Los Four 1700:Category 1263:Los Four 1152:Nepantla 763:Lowrider 645:Language 215:Concepts 174:Identity 146:Chicanos 2925:June 4, 2900:June 4, 2877:June 4, 2818:KABC-TV 2805:Vallen. 2629:Mictlán 2542:proceed 2497:Glasgow 2482:Germany 2292:Pachuco 2274:Culture 2025:Latinos 2020:La Raza 1939:mosaics 1931:Oakland 1923:priests 1813:in the 1795:Chicano 1782:History 1665:Writers 1605:Tejanos 1570:Houston 1547:Detroit 1540:Chicago 744:Symbols 638:Culture 240:History 202:Pinta/o 197:Pachuco 192:Pachuca 187:La Raza 182:Chola/o 91:scholar 3030:  2762:  2730:  2679:, the 2599:, and 2488:, and 2486:France 2398:, and 2387:Barrio 2091:Aztlán 1943:murals 1941:, and 1886:, and 1815:barrio 1774:, and 1770:, the 1526:Tucson 1123:Theory 1031:Fields 869:Novels 758:Homies 390:Aztlán 207:Xicanx 93:  86:  79:  72:  64:  3091:(PDF) 2597:Gronk 2490:Spain 2326:Lists 2288:Cholo 2248:Music 2162:MEChA 2136:cases 1835:batik 1746:is a 1705:Index 1634:Lists 1560:Texas 1554:Omaha 1082:Texts 1068:NACCS 711:Music 674:Ă“rale 490:MEChA 167:Terms 98:JSTOR 84:books 3028:ISBN 2927:2021 2902:2021 2879:2021 2760:ISBN 2741:2019 2728:ISBN 2650:DACA 2582:and 2556:mass 2452:and 1929:and 1837:and 1248:Asco 1225:Paño 683:Food 659:CalĂł 593:IRCA 581:DACA 500:PCUN 485:MAYO 480:MANA 430:CFMN 148:and 70:news 2623:in 2566:'s 2003:and 1925:of 1366:Law 440:CRP 53:by 3185:: 3135:, 3072:. 3045:. 3026:. 3003:. 2969:. 2944:. 2918:. 2836:. 2675:, 2635:. 2595:, 2591:, 2540:, 2499:, 2484:, 2480:, 2476:, 2472:, 2456:. 2448:, 2394:, 2306:, 2298:, 2290:, 2164:, 2089:, 2071:, 2063:, 1972:. 1882:, 1878:, 1874:, 1870:, 1866:, 1862:, 1858:, 1854:, 1850:, 1830:. 1805:, 1801:, 1778:. 1766:, 3104:. 3082:. 3051:. 3036:. 3013:. 2981:. 2954:. 2929:. 2904:. 2881:. 2840:. 2768:. 2743:. 2369:e 2362:t 2355:v 1732:e 1725:t 1718:v 1556:) 1549:) 1542:) 1535:) 1528:) 120:) 114:( 109:) 105:( 95:· 88:· 81:· 74:· 47:. 20:)

Index

Self-Help Graphics & Art

verification
improve this article
adding citations to reliable sources
"Self Help Graphics & Art"
news
newspapers
books
scholar
JSTOR
Learn how and when to remove this message

Chicanos
Mexican Americans
Mexican America
Chola/o
La Raza
Pachuca
Pachuco
Pinta/o
Xicanx
Anti-Mexican sentiment
History
Josefa Segovia
Las Gorras Blancas
Mexican–American War
Mutualista
San Elizario Salt War
Sonoratown

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑