78:. The most straightforward way to accomplish this is to survive to a reproductive age, mate, and then have offspring. These offspring will hold at least a portion of their parent's genes, up to all of the parent's genes in asexual organisms. But in order for this to happen, an organism must first survive long enough to reproduce, and this would mainly consist of adopting selfish behaviors that would allow organisms to maximize their own chances for survival.
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thriving – in a benign environment (for example, a marine sponge modifies its structure in response to current changes, in order to better absorb and process nutrients). Self-preservation is therefore an almost universal hallmark of life. However, when introduced to a novel threat, many species will have a self-preservation response either too specialised, or not specialised enough, to cope with that particular threat. An example is the
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survive, then its genes get indirectly passed on. This behavior works in the exact opposite direction of the survival instinct and could be considered a highly altruistic behavior evolved from a cooperative group. Self-destructive behavior is not the same as risk-taking behavior (see below in Social implications), although risk-taking behavior could turn into destructive behavior.
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have an acute sense of self-preservation. They are able to duck, dart, and dodge foreign substances that may harm the cell. In addition, when a myocardiac arrest – a heart attack – occurs, it is actually the cardiac myocytes entering a state of hibernation in an attempt
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Self-preservation urges animals to collect energy and resources required to prolong life as well as resources that increase chances of survival. Basic needs are available to most humans (roughly 7 out of 8 people), and usually rather cheaply. The instinct that drives humans to gather resources now
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Self-preservation is essentially the process of an organism preventing itself from being harmed or killed and is considered a basic instinct in most organisms. Most call it a "survival instinct". Self-preservation is thought to be tied to an organism's reproductive fitness and can be more or less
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When scaled in the opposite direction, Hughes-Jones makes the argument that "social groups that fight each other are selfâsustaining, selfâreplicating wholes containing interdependent parts" indicating that the group as a whole can have self-preservation with the individuals acting as the cells.
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Animals in a social group (of kin) often work cooperatively in order to survive, but when one member perceives itself as a burden for an extended period of time, it may commit self-destructive behavior. This allows its relatives to have a better chance at survival, and if enough close relatives
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are integral parts of this mechanism. Pain motivates the individual to withdraw from damaging situations, to protect a damaged body part while it heals, and to avoid similar experiences in the future. Most pain resolves promptly once the painful stimulus is removed and the body has healed, but
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present according to perceived reproduction potential. If perceived reproductive potential is low enough, self-destructive behavior (i.e., the opposite) is not uncommon in social species. Self-preservation is also thought by some to be the basis of rational and logical thought and behavior.
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Even the most simple of living organisms (for example, the single-celled bacteria) are typically under intense selective pressure to evolve a response that would help avoid a damaging environment, if such an environment exists. Organisms also evolve while adapting – even
50:, which has the effect of increased strength and heightened senses such as hearing, smell, and sight. Self-preservation may also be interpreted figuratively, in regard to the coping mechanisms one needs to prevent emotional trauma from distorting the mind (see
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sometimes pain persists despite removal of the stimulus and apparent healing of the body; and sometimes pain arises in the absence of any detectable stimulus, damage or disease. Fear causes the organism to seek safety and may cause a release of
62:, which evolved in the absence of natural predators and hence lacked an appropriate, general self-preservation response to heavy predation by humans and rats, showing no fear of them.
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The desire for self-preservation has led to countless laws and regulations surrounding a culture of safety in society. Seat belt laws, speed limits, texting regulations, and the "
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to wait out a lack of resources. While this is ultimately deadly to the organism, it prolongs the cell's survival as long as possible for hopeful resuscitation.
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Self-preservation is not just limited to individual organisms; this can be scaled up or down to other levels of life. Narula and Young indicate that cardiac
99:" campaign are examples of societal guides and regulations to enhance survival, and these laws are heavily influenced by the pursuit of self-preservation.
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of multi-cellular organisms that evolved from the cooperative association of single cell organisms in order to better protect themselves.
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drives them to over-consumption or to patterns of collection and possession that essentially make hoarding resources the priority.
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Karni, Edi; Schmeidler, David (1986-03-01). "Self-preservation as a foundation of rational behavior under risk".
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of an organism. It is thought to be universal among all living organisms. For sentient organisms,
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Catanzaro, Denys (1991-01-01). "Evolutionary limits to self- preservation".
403:"Evaluation of an Evolutionary Model of Self-Preservation and Self-Destruction"
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239:"Self-preservation - definition of self-preservation by The Free Dictionary"
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An organism's fitness is measured by its ability to pass on its
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264:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 106.
199:â topic tree of the subjects related to the end of life
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Marketing Theory: Philosophy of
Science Perspectives
289:. In Niv D, Kreitler S, Diego B, Lamberto A (eds.).
33:is a behavior or set of behaviors that ensures the
588:Bush, Ronald F.; Hunt, Shelby D. (2011-10-15).
485:Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
620:Narula, Jagat; Young, James B. (2005-07-01).
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27:Behaviors that ensure an organism's survival
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373:"Definition of SELF-PRESERVATION"
133:He makes an analogy between the
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260:. In Winlow W, Holden AV (ed.).
661:Medicine, Conflict and Survival
193:â result of failure to survive
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522:American Journal of Sociology
594:. Marketing Classics Press.
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507:10.1016/0167-2681(86)90022-3
470:10.1016/0162-3095(91)90010-N
291:The Handbook of Chronic Pain
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331:W. W. Norton & Company
112:Cellular self preservation
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638:10.1016/j.hfc.2005.06.015
458:Ethology and Sociobiology
293:. Nova Biomedical Books.
82:Self-destructive behavior
205:Fight-or-flight response
377:www.merriam-webster.com
258:"Cutaneous nociceptors"
176:Collective intelligence
171:Antipredator adaptation
125:Group self preservation
186:Dear enemy recognition
626:Heart Failure Clinics
570:on September 20, 2014
243:TheFreeDictionary.com
748:Evolutionary biology
722:Evolutionary biology
159:survival mechanisms
91:Social implications
361:. 31 October 2007.
147:small human groups
137:practices such as
52:Defence mechanisms
340:978-0-393-97767-7
300:978-1-60021-044-0
157:with the complex
155:religious warfare
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325:(2004).
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