109:
239:
32:
605:
743:. The transitional constitution was adopted on 18 October 2001. The transitional senate was designated by the President and Vice-President of Burundi, and by the Office of the National Assembly, and was designed to balance political, ethic and regional representation. It was chaired by
756:
126:
754:
In a popular referendum on 28 February 2005 the people of
Burundi overwhelmingly approved a post-transitional constitution. Senate members were indirectly elected on 29 July 2005 by an electoral college of commune and provincial councils. The
699:
of two-thirds of the vote to be elected. If no candidate is elected in these rounds, a third round is organized for the two leading candidates, of which the candidate receiving the majority of votes is elected. Three
Senators represent the
806:, a member of the CNDD-FDD, was elected president of the Senate on 17 August 2005. On 25 June 2015, he fled the country saying he felt threatened after opposing President Nkurunziza's bid for a third term. His replacement,
511:
786:(FRODEBU) will occupy seats in the Senate along with three Twa members. In order to meet the 30% quota for women, eight seats were co-opted giving the chamber of total of 49 seats.
368:
991:
1293:
1152:
413:
764:
642:
828:
583:
356:
77:
1841:
1342:
1048:
1515:
549:
2123:
2118:
1795:
1861:
1775:
725:
531:
527:
269:
671:. It consists of between 39 and 56 members who serve 5-year terms. The current Senate was elected on 20 July 2020 and consists of 39 members.
1177:
474:
709:
486:
452:
1946:
759:(CNDD-FDD), which obtained the majority of seats in communal elections held in June, won an overwhelming majority (30) of the seats. The
1286:
1260:
1145:
578:
401:
2031:
1956:
1876:
1465:
635:
1991:
1530:
588:
1019:
2097:
2046:
1976:
1911:
1780:
1710:
1570:
1417:
1407:
1377:
823:
469:
457:
259:
2133:
2128:
2092:
2011:
1981:
1813:
1630:
1580:
1520:
1455:
1279:
1138:
760:
331:
695:
of communal councilors. Voting takes place using a three round system. In the first two rounds, a candidate must receive a
1821:
1700:
1480:
877:
491:
294:
136:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1803:
1720:
1525:
1445:
790:
628:
615:
504:
1695:
1397:
1220:
1215:
1207:
838:
363:
146:
2021:
1986:
1640:
1540:
1670:
1645:
1475:
1450:
1412:
1382:
1332:
539:
319:
307:
1846:
1826:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
779:
740:
388:
807:
300:
1056:
2036:
2001:
1831:
1655:
1347:
810:, has made remarks comparing political opponents to cockroaches, similar to what politicians did during the
324:
264:
252:
1906:
744:
2026:
2006:
1961:
1951:
732:, however, the body was only established in 1965. The Senate was disestablished in 1966 after the coup of
554:
1785:
1765:
1740:
1690:
1590:
1440:
1161:
664:
344:
1896:
1971:
1941:
1886:
1735:
1650:
1605:
1595:
1585:
1422:
797:
771:
680:
438:
409:
290:
84:
2056:
2051:
1866:
1755:
1625:
1500:
1357:
425:
420:
229:
1836:
1745:
1715:
1665:
1545:
1510:
1460:
1392:
1024:
833:
783:
729:
544:
312:
2041:
1082:
1996:
1926:
1891:
1770:
1730:
1680:
1620:
1615:
1575:
1495:
1490:
1402:
1387:
1327:
803:
794:
713:
692:
517:
187:
2016:
1871:
1851:
1675:
1560:
1362:
1352:
1337:
1322:
895:
811:
733:
181:
2087:
1966:
1705:
1685:
1660:
1635:
1610:
1600:
1555:
1550:
1505:
1470:
704:
ethnic group and additional members may be co-opted to meet the 30% gender representation
701:
156:
1271:
238:
31:
1936:
1931:
1916:
1901:
1725:
1565:
1535:
609:
567:
1114:
2112:
2082:
2077:
1432:
996:
775:
696:
660:
2072:
1921:
1856:
1372:
108:
959:
757:
National
Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy
1881:
1367:
1306:
1302:
927:
925:
49:
942:
940:
1314:
751:
people and at least two people with different ethnicity from each province.
1098:
964:
1130:
668:
705:
199:
931:
863:
688:
946:
896:"Burundi / Sénatoriales 2015 : Le nouveau Sénat 2015 – 2020"
1020:"Burundi: President's Speech Instills Fear as Killings Increase"
684:
1275:
1134:
969:
748:
916:
512:
Ministry of
External Relations and International Cooperation
878:"Emmanuel Sinzohagera, un religieux Ă©lu Ă la tĂŞte du SĂ©nat"
763:(FRODEBU) won 3 seats, while the remaining seat went the
212:
747:
and included the three former heads of state, three
2065:
1812:
1794:
1754:
1431:
1313:
1206:
1168:
800:of the republic. He took office on 26 August 2005.
205:
193:
179:
174:
164:
115:
98:
93:
75:
70:
62:
57:
43:
38:
18:
1049:"Hearing the same rhetoric used in Rwanda in 1994"
782:(FRODEBU), and the current transitional president
724:A provision of establishment of Senate was in the
960:"Burundi Vice-President Gervais Rufyikiri flees"
1119:(in French), Senate of the Republic of Burundi
767:(CNDD), a breakaway faction of the CNDD-FDD.
1287:
1146:
765:National Council for the Defense of Democracy
636:
8:
829:List of presidents of the Senate of Burundi
1294:
1280:
1272:
1153:
1139:
1131:
864:"SĂ©nat sous la constitution monarchique -"
858:
856:
854:
841:, the other branch of Burundi's Parliament
643:
629:
224:
15:
793:(acting as an Electoral College) elected
739:The Senate was re-established following
850:
227:
932:Transitional Senate, Senate of Burundi
947:Burundi (06/09) U.S. State Department
814:, raising fears of another genocide.
7:
789:On 19 August 2005, the Senate and
14:
1516:Democratic Republic of the Congo
917:Senators list, Senate of Burundi
603:
237:
107:
30:
2098:List of legislatures by country
824:List of legislatures by country
2124:2001 establishments in Burundi
2119:1965 establishments in Burundi
2093:List of abolished upper houses
1103:(in French), Senate of Burundi
1047:Dyer, Gwynne (27 April 2016).
898:. Burundi AGnews. 25 July 2015
761:Front for Democracy in Burundi
1:
770:Four former heads of state -
839:National Assembly (Burundi)
270:Constitution of the Kingdom
2150:
992:"Sliding towards anarchy"
679:In each of the country's
210:
198:
106:
29:
1781:Northern Mariana Islands
780:Sylvestre Ntibantunganya
402:Administrative divisions
1087:, U.S. State Department
325:Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni
1343:Bosnia and Herzegovina
528:Diplomatic missions of
2134:National upper houses
2129:Government of Burundi
1521:Republic of the Congo
1162:Parliament of Burundi
882:www.iwacu-burundi.org
745:Libère Bararunyeretse
301:Évariste Ndayishimiye
88:since 25 August 2020
772:Jean-Baptiste Bagaza
683:, two Senators (one
332:Council of Ministers
260:Constitutional Court
85:Emmanuel Sinzohagera
1721:Trinidad and Tobago
1446:Antigua and Barbuda
1116:Transitional Senate
230:Politics of Burundi
1942:Kingdom of Ireland
1887:Dominican Republic
1531:Dominican Republic
1028:. 10 November 2015
1025:Human Rights Watch
834:Legislative branch
808:Révérien Ndikuriyo
784:Domitien Ndayizeye
730:Kingdom of Burundi
708:for women. Former
693:electoral colleges
610:Burundi portal
313:Prosper Bazombanza
2106:
2105:
1758:other territories
1596:Japan (post-1947)
1541:Equatorial Guinea
1269:
1268:
1208:National Assembly
804:Gervais Rufyikiri
795:Pierre Nkurunziza
791:National Assembly
726:1962 constitution
653:
652:
550:Visa requirements
518:Ezechiel Nibigira
505:Foreign relations
487:Political parties
445:Recent elections
364:National Assembly
223:
222:
188:Electoral college
20:Senate of Burundi
2141:
1987:Northern Ireland
1952:Japan (pre-1947)
1947:Irish Free State
1296:
1289:
1282:
1273:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1059:on 29 April 2016
1055:. Archived from
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
988:
982:
981:
979:
977:
956:
950:
944:
935:
929:
920:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
892:
886:
885:
874:
868:
867:
860:
812:Rwandan genocide
734:Michel Micombero
691:) are chosen by
675:Election process
645:
638:
631:
608:
607:
606:
417:
274:
241:
225:
219:
216:
214:
154:
144:
134:
124:
117:Political groups
111:
34:
24:SĂ©nat du Burundi
16:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2088:Multicameralism
2061:
1808:
1790:
1757:
1750:
1427:
1309:
1300:
1270:
1265:
1202:
1164:
1159:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1088:
1084:Burundi (06/09)
1081:
1077:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
1000:. 23 April 2016
990:
989:
985:
975:
973:
958:
957:
953:
945:
938:
930:
923:
915:
911:
901:
899:
894:
893:
889:
876:
875:
871:
862:
861:
852:
848:
820:
722:
677:
649:
620:
616:Other countries
604:
602:
597:
596:
593:
571:
560:
559:
540:Nationality law
536:
524:
507:
497:
496:
481:
462:
441:
431:
430:
408:
404:
394:
393:
384:
376:
375:
347:
337:
336:
286:
278:
277:
272:
255:
232:
211:
184:
167:
160:
152:
150:
142:
140:
132:
130:
122:
118:
89:
87:
80:
53:
52:
25:
22:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2147:
2145:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2057:Weimar Germany
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:Russian Empire
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1877:Czechoslovakia
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1832:British Guiana
1829:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1766:American Samoa
1762:
1760:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1726:United Kingdom
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1526:Czech Republic
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1111:
1095:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1039:
1011:
983:
972:. 25 June 2015
951:
936:
921:
909:
887:
869:
849:
847:
844:
843:
842:
836:
831:
826:
819:
816:
741:Arusha Accords
721:
718:
710:heads of state
676:
673:
651:
650:
648:
647:
640:
633:
625:
622:
621:
619:
618:
612:
599:
598:
595:
594:
592:
591:
586:
581:
575:
572:
568:United Nations
566:
565:
562:
561:
558:
557:
552:
547:
542:
535:
534:
523:
522:
521:
520:
508:
503:
502:
499:
498:
495:
494:
489:
484:
483:
482:
480:
479:
472:
465:
463:
461:
460:
455:
448:
442:
437:
436:
433:
432:
429:
428:
423:
418:
405:
400:
399:
396:
395:
392:
391:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
374:
373:
372:
371:
361:
360:
359:
348:
343:
342:
339:
338:
335:
334:
329:
328:
327:
320:Prime Minister
317:
316:
315:
308:Vice-President
305:
304:
303:
287:
284:
283:
280:
279:
276:
275:
267:
262:
256:
251:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
234:
233:
228:
221:
220:
208:
207:
203:
202:
196:
195:
191:
190:
185:
180:
177:
176:
172:
171:
168:
166:Length of term
165:
162:
161:
151:
141:
131:
121:
119:
116:
113:
112:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
91:
90:
83:
81:
76:
73:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
55:
54:
48:
47:
45:
41:
40:
36:
35:
27:
26:
23:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2146:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:Tricameralism
2081:
2079:
2078:Unicameralism
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1796:Non-UN states
1793:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1756:Dependent and
1753:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1423:United States
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
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1100:Senators list
1096:
1086:
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1079:
1074:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1040:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1015:
1012:
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997:The Economist
993:
987:
984:
971:
967:
966:
961:
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948:
943:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
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897:
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888:
883:
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873:
870:
865:
859:
857:
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851:
845:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
817:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
799:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
776:Pierre Buyoya
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
752:
750:
746:
742:
737:
735:
731:
727:
719:
717:
715:
712:are Senators
711:
707:
703:
698:
697:supermajority
694:
690:
686:
682:
674:
672:
670:
666:
662:
661:upper chamber
658:
646:
641:
639:
634:
632:
627:
626:
624:
623:
617:
614:
613:
611:
601:
600:
590:
587:
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582:
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574:
573:
569:
564:
563:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
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529:
526:
525:
519:
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490:
488:
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478:
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435:
434:
427:
424:
422:
419:
415:
411:
407:
406:
403:
398:
397:
390:
389:Supreme Court
387:
386:
380:
379:
370:
367:
366:
365:
362:
358:
355:
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350:
349:
346:
341:
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333:
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321:
318:
314:
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310:
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302:
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296:
292:
289:
288:
282:
281:
271:
268:
266:
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258:
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254:
249:
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245:
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240:
236:
235:
231:
226:
218:
209:
204:
201:
197:
194:Meeting place
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:Voting system
178:
173:
169:
163:
158:
148:
138:
128:
120:
114:
110:
105:
101:
97:
92:
86:
82:
79:
74:
69:
65:
61:
56:
51:
46:
42:
37:
33:
28:
17:
2073:Bicameralism
2037:Soviet Union
2027:South Africa
1892:East Germany
1842:Burkina Faso
1701:South Africa
1485:
1307:legislatures
1305:of national
1303:Upper houses
1169:
1121:, retrieved
1115:
1105:, retrieved
1099:
1089:, retrieved
1083:
1061:. Retrieved
1057:the original
1052:
1042:
1030:. Retrieved
1023:
1014:
1002:. Retrieved
995:
986:
974:. Retrieved
963:
954:
912:
900:. Retrieved
890:
881:
872:
802:
788:
769:
753:
738:
723:
681:18 provinces
678:
656:
654:
475:
351:
265:Human rights
253:Constitution
2032:South Korea
1977:New Zealand
1907:El Salvador
1837:British Raj
1822:Afghanistan
1786:Puerto Rico
1776:Isle of Man
1691:Saint Lucia
1671:Philippines
1651:Netherlands
1586:Ivory Coast
1418:Switzerland
1408:South Sudan
555:Visa policy
492:Politicians
451:President:
273:(1962–1966)
102:39 senators
50:Upper house
2113:Categories
1972:Mauritania
1862:Costa Rica
1804:Somaliland
1736:Uzbekistan
1711:Tajikistan
1626:Madagascar
1606:Kazakhstan
1123:2024-06-25
1107:2024-06-26
1091:2024-06-25
1053:Vue Weekly
846:References
778:(UPRONA),
774:(PARENA),
665:Parliament
570:in Burundi
532:in Burundi
516:Minister:
468:Assembly:
345:Parliament
285:Government
129:: 34 seats
71:Leadership
2052:Venezuela
1982:Nicaragua
1571:Indonesia
1328:Australia
1323:Argentina
798:president
439:Elections
414:governors
410:Provinces
383:Judiciary
369:President
357:President
291:President
175:Elections
159:: 3 seats
94:Structure
78:President
2007:Rhodesia
1997:Portugal
1962:Maldives
1912:Ethiopia
1746:Zimbabwe
1716:Thailand
1696:Slovenia
1666:Paraguay
1546:Eswatini
1511:Colombia
1496:Cameroon
1491:Cambodia
1461:Barbados
1393:Pakistan
1373:Malaysia
1358:Ethiopia
965:BBC News
902:9 August
818:See also
714:by right
687:and one
545:Passport
426:Collines
421:Communes
149:: 1 seat
139:: 1 seat
127:CNDD-FDD
2066:Related
2017:Senegal
2002:Prussia
1927:Hungary
1897:Ecuador
1882:Denmark
1867:Croatia
1827:Austria
1814:Defunct
1771:Bermuda
1731:Uruguay
1681:Romania
1641:Namibia
1636:Myanmar
1631:Morocco
1621:Liberia
1616:Lesotho
1591:Jamaica
1576:Ireland
1561:Grenada
1486:Burundi
1481:Bolivia
1466:Belarus
1456:Bahrain
1451:Bahamas
1441:Algeria
1433:Unitary
1403:Somalia
1388:Nigeria
1363:Germany
1338:Belgium
1333:Austria
1315:Federal
1075:Sources
728:of the
720:History
669:Burundi
659:is the
206:Website
170:5 years
63:Founded
58:History
2047:Turkey
2042:Sweden
2022:Serbia
1922:Greece
1852:Ceylon
1686:Rwanda
1676:Poland
1601:Jordan
1551:France
1476:Bhutan
1471:Belize
1398:Russia
1378:Mexico
1353:Canada
1348:Brazil
1170:Senate
657:Senate
352:Senate
215:.senat
200:Gitega
155:
153:
147:UPRONA
145:
143:
135:
133:
125:
123:
1967:Malta
1957:Libya
1902:Egypt
1857:China
1847:Burma
1741:Yemen
1706:Spain
1661:Palau
1646:Nepal
1611:Kenya
1581:Italy
1566:Haiti
1556:Gabon
1536:Egypt
1506:Chile
1413:Sudan
1383:Nepal
1368:India
1063:1 May
1032:1 May
1004:1 May
976:1 May
706:quota
689:Tutsi
584:BINUB
99:Seats
1992:Peru
1937:Iraq
1932:Iran
1917:Fiji
1872:Cuba
1656:Oman
1501:Chad
1261:2020
1256:2015
1251:2010
1246:2005
1241:1993
1236:1982
1231:1965
1226:1961
1221:1957
1216:1954
1198:2020
1193:2015
1188:2010
1183:2005
1178:2001
1065:2016
1034:2016
1006:2016
978:2016
904:2015
685:Hutu
655:The
589:BNUB
579:ONUB
476:2025
470:2020
458:2020
453:2015
295:list
66:1965
44:Type
39:Type
970:BBC
749:Twa
736:.
702:Twa
667:in
663:of
217:.bi
213:www
157:Twa
137:CNL
2115::
1051:.
1022:.
994:.
968:.
962:.
939:^
924:^
880:.
853:^
716:.
530:/
297:)
1295:e
1288:t
1281:v
1154:e
1147:t
1140:v
1067:.
1036:.
1008:.
980:.
949:.
934:.
919:.
906:.
884:.
866:.
644:e
637:t
630:v
416:)
412:(
293:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
