1316:) required to perceive, identify or reason about the world, and are distributed across the very design and structures of the body, in relation to the physical environment, as well as in the concepts and interpretations of the mind. This information varies according to species, physical environment, and the context of information in the social and cultural systems of perception, which also change over time and space, and as an individual learns through living. Any single perceptual modality may include or overlap multiple sensory structures, as well as other modes of perception, and the sum of their relations and the ratio of mixture and importance comprise a sensorium. The perception, understanding, and reasoning of an organism is dependent on the particular experience of the world delivered by changing ratios of sense.
1209:., 2005), or artists who can smell colors. Many individuals who have one or more senses restricted or lost develop a sensorium with a ratio of sense which favors those they possess more fully. Frequently the blind or deaf speak of a compensating effect, whereby their sense of touch or smell becomes more acute, changing the way they perceive and reason about the world; especially telling examples are found in the cases of "wild children", whose early childhoods were spent in abusive, neglected, or non-human environments, both intensifying and minimizing perceptual abilities (Classen 1991).
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of vision and textuality in the social sciences. They argue for an understanding and analysis that is embodied, one sensitive to the unique context of sensation of those one wishes to understand. They believe that a thorough awareness and adoption of other sensoria is a key requirement if ethnography
1247:
The reference to
Russian textbooks treating touch first, in contrast to American psychology textbooks which always begin with sight, is confirmed by other observers (Simon 1957) and serves to highlight how the hierarchization of the senses can vary significantly even between cultures belonging to the
1238:
The dictionary of the
Russian language...defines the sense of touch as follows: "In reality all five senses can be reduced to one---the sense of touch. The tongue and palate sense the food; the ear, sound waves; the nose, emanations; the eyes, rays of light." That is why in all textbooks the sense of
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share in the sensoria they learn to inhabit (Howes 1991, p. 8). More recent work has demonstrated that individuals may include in their unique sensoria perceptual proclivities that exceed their cultural norms; even when, as in the history of smell in the West, the sense in question is suppressed
1217:
Although some consider these modalities abnormal, it is more likely that these examples demonstrate the contextual and socially learned nature of sensation. A 'normal' sensorium and a 'synesthetic' one differ based on the division, connection, and interplay of the body's manifold sensory apparatus.
1132:
1989). In medical, psychological, and physiological discourse it has come to refer to the total character of the unique and changing sensory environments perceived by individuals. These include the sensation, perception, and interpretation of information about the world around us by using faculties
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way of perception of the world in another, and indeed many individuals and their cultures develop sensoria fundamentally different from the vision-centric modality of most
Western science and culture. One revealing contrast is the thought of a former Russian on the matter:
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stresses the sense of sight, which in turn causes us to think in linear, objective terms. The medium of the alphabet thus has the effect of reshaping the way in which we, collectively and individually, perceive and understand our environment in what has been termed the
1218:
A synesthete has simply developed a different set of relationships, including cognitive or interpretive skills which deliver unique abilities and understanding of the world (Beeli et al., 2005). The sensorium is a creation of the physical, biological,
1281:, who has written numerous seminal volumes considering the senses in terms of holistic, self-contained perceptual systems. These exhibit their own mindful, interpretive behaviour, rather than acting simply as conduits delivering information for
1277:. This field aims at understanding the unique sensory and interpretive systems all organisms develop, based on the specific ecological environments they live in, experience and adapt to. A key researcher in this field has been psychologist
1192:
Focusing on variations in the sensorium across social contexts, these theorists collectively suggest that the world is explained and experienced differently depending on the specific "ratios of sense" that members of a
1118:" where it experiences, perceives and interprets the environments within which it lives. The term originally entered English from the Late Latin in the mid-17th century, from the stem
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1205:, where stimulus of one sense causes a perception by another, seemingly unrelated sense, as in musicians who can taste the intervals between notes they hear (Beeli
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being sensed, as well as both learned and innate systems for directing attention and interpreting the results. These systems represent and enact the
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in objects in the world, directing attention towards information about an object in terms of the possible uses it affords an organism.
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of media on our senses, positing that media affect us by manipulating the ratio of our senses. For example, the
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touch is always mentioned first. It means to ascertain, to perceive, by body, hand or fingers (Anonymous 1953).
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Coté, Mark. 2010. “Technics and the Human
Sensorium: Rethinking Media Theory through the Body”
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http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v434/n7029/full/434038a_fs.html
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This interplay of various ways of conceiving the world could be compared to the experience of
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Margaret Mead and Rhoda Métraux, eds. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press. pp. 162–69.
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Jackson, Michael. 1983. "Thinking through the Body: An Essay on
Understanding Metaphor."
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What is considered a strange blurring of sensation from one perspective, is a normal and
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This is a website dedicated to the study of the human sensorium and social organisation.
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These sorts of insights were the impetus for the development of the burgeoning field of
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The individual sensory systems of the body are only parts of these broader perceptual
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of the individual organism and its relationships while being in the world.
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In the 20th century, the sensorium became a key part of the theories of
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J.A. Simpson and E.S.C. Weiner, eds. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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Paths toward a
Clearing: Radical Empiricism and Ethnographic Inquiry.
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Sensual
Relations: Engaging the Senses in Culture and Social Theory.
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same general tradition (here, that of "the West") (2003, pp. 12-13).
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David Howes, ed. Toronto: University of
Toronto Press. Pp. 47-60.
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David Howes, ed. Toronto: University of
Toronto Press. Pp. 47-60.
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Organism's perception of its environment with all of its senses
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The Taste of Ethnographic Things: The Senses in Anthropology.
1432:, a virtual museum exhibition at Library and Archives Canada
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Classen, Constance, David Howes and Anthony Synott. 1994.
1470:. 2005. "Synaesthesia: When Coloured Sounds Taste Sweet."
1423:
Old Messengers, New Media: The Legacy of Innis and McLuhan
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Development of unique sensoria in cultures and individuals
1304:, which include the physical apparatus of sensation, the
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such as senses, phenomenal and psychological perception,
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or mostly ignored (Classen, Howes and Synnott 1994).
1481:Carpenter, Edmund and Marshall McLuhan, eds. 1960.
1452:Oxford University Press. Accessed 15 April 2005.
1587:Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1314:as an influence which leads to a transformation
1265:(1983, 1989) have focused on a critique of the
1172:, believed that media were biased according to
1459:Anonymous. 1953. "Russian Sensory Images." In
1525:The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception.
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1541:Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
1518:The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems.
1114:considered as a whole. It is the "seat of
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962:Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery
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1336:with, or substantially overlapping with,
977:Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological battery
1293:(1966, 1979). Perceptual systems detect
1285:processing, as in more representational
1165:(Carpenter and McLuhan 1960; Ong 1991).
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1555:Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
1490:The Sensory Orders of 'Wild Children.'
1534:Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
1501:Aroma: The Cultural History of Smell.
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1580:Stanford: Stanford University Press.
1571:The Varieties of Sensory Experience.
1532:The Varieties of Sensory Experience.
1494:The Varieties of Sensory Experience.
1110:) is the apparatus of an organism's
1461:The Study of Culture at a Distance,
1270:is to approach true understanding.
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1560:"Sensorium - Medical Dictionary."
1466:Beeli, Gian, Michaela Esslen and
1454:http://oed.com/cgi/entry/50219915
1399:"Medical Definition of Sensorium"
997:Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
697:Neuropsychological rehabilitation
1253:Sensory ecology and anthropology
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1578:Psychology in the Soviet Union.
1503:London and New York: Routledge.
1275:sensory (or perceptual) ecology
1483:Explorations in Communication.
1439:References and further reading
1338:altered level of consciousness
1:
1478:>. Accessed 15 April 2005.
987:Rey–Osterrieth complex figure
982:Mini–mental state examination
692:Neuropsychological assessment
321:Industrial and organizational
952:Benton Visual Retention Test
476:Human factors and ergonomics
1273:A related area of study is
1007:Wisconsin Card Sorting Task
957:Continuous Performance Task
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1558:MedTerms. 3 January 2001.
1488:Classen, Constance. 1991.
1446:Oxford English Dictionary.
1287:philosophies of perception
1093:Sensorium (disambiguation)
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1527:Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
1520:Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
1513:Accessed 26 November 2011
1373:"Definition of sensorium"
1243:As David Howes explains:
1168:McLuhan, like his mentor
1129:Oxford English Dictionary
967:Hayling and Brixton tests
662:Cognitive neuropsychology
251:Applied behavior analysis
1592:"Dr Trippy's Sensorium."
1551:Jackson, Michael. 1989.
1530:Howes, David, ed. 1991.
657:Clinical neuropsychology
1567:The Shifting Sensorium.
1562:Accessed 15 April 2004.
1523:Gibson, James J. 1979.
1516:Gibson, James J. 1966.
1456:(subscription required)
441:Behavioral neuroscience
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839:Patricia Goldman-Rakic
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431:Behavioral engineering
115:Cognitive neuroscience
81:Affective neuroscience
1583:Stoller, Paul. 1989.
1576:Simon, B., ed. 1957.
1565:Ong, Walter J. 1991.
1485:Boston: Beacon Press.
1040:Philosophy portal
1028:Psychology portal
1002:Wechsler Memory Scale
972:Lexical Decision Task
585:Psychology portal
1537:Howes, David. 2003.
1259:sensory anthropology
1091:For other uses, see
1444:"Sensorium." 1989.
1379:. Oxford University
1377:Oxford Dictionaries
1328:, also known as an
1149:Ratios of sensation
1052:Medicine portal
744:Executive functions
436:Behavioral genetics
351:Occupational health
91:Behavioral genetics
22:Part of a series on
1428:2007-10-01 at the
764:Motor coordination
553:Schools of thought
391:Sport and exercise
237:Applied psychology
1590:Trippy, Dr. 2006
1330:altered sensorium
1326:clouded sensorium
1320:Clouded sensorium
1102:(/sɛnˈsɔːrɪəm/) (
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172:Intelligence
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157:Evolutionary
147:Differential
1468:Lutz Jäncke
1450:OED Online.
1403:MedicineNet
1342:neurotrauma
1310:information
1306:environment
1295:affordances
1203:synesthesia
992:Stroop Test
894:Pasko Rakic
854:Eric Kandel
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