1605:" for the entire Aboriginal population of Victoria, arriving in Melbourne in 1839, they worked "...within a land policy that nullified their work, and there was no political will to change this." "It was government policy to encourage squatters to take possession of whatever land they chose,....that largely explains why almost all the original inhabitants of Port Phillip's vast grasslands were dead so soon after 1835". By 1845, fewer than 240 wealthy Europeans held all the pastoral licences then issued in Victoria and became the patriarchs "...that were to wield so much political and economic power in Victoria for generations to come."
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which appeared to have been ransacked, George Smith travelled to Point
Gellibrand and formed an exploratory band. The party was sent out led by tour of the Melbourne tribe, and encountered a camp from the Indigenous Wathaurong tribe, whereupon an unclear incident occurred. Port Philip Police Magistrate Captain William Lonsdale advised the Colonel Secretary that no harm was inflicted on the Aboriginal people, however Wathaurong histories report that 35 of their people were murdered in retaliatory violence. The
1967:
4383:
66:
1889:
probably £40,000,000 flowed into
Victoria during a period of six years. With so much money in circulation, a fictitious prosperity of a feverish sort resulted. The banks issued notes to the value of millions of pounds, and trade and industry flourished as never before. The reaction came quickly. Public confidence subsided like a pricked balloon. A run commenced on the banks, and the bursting of the boom brought with it widespread disaster.
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1713:. Later discoveries occurred at many sites across Victoria. This triggered one of the largest gold rushes the world has ever seen. The colony grew rapidly in both population and economic power. In ten years the population of Victoria increased sevenfold from 76,000 to 540,000. All sorts of gold records were produced including the "richest shallow alluvial goldfield in the world" and the
4402:
1981:
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1045:, Governor King was concerned that Bass Strait could harbour enemy raiders, and that in peace time it could provide an important trade route and trading base. The appearance of Baudin's ships served to reinforce the concern that France was interested in the area. King was also looking for an alternative settlement for the increasing number of
944:"They were all clothed in opossum skins and in each basket a certain quantity of gum was found. ... if we may judge from the number of their fires and other marks this part of the country is not thin of inhabitants. Their spears are of various kinds and all of them more dangerous than any I have yet seen."
1667:
Agitation of the Port
Phillip settlers continued and led to the establishment of Port Phillip District as a separate colony on 1 July 1851. The British Act of Parliament separating Port Phillip District from New South Wales, and naming the new colony "Victoria" (after Queen Victoria) and providing it
1639:
A severe financial crisis took place in 1842–3, mainly due to the
Government demanding from the banks the large rate of 7% for all moneys deposited with them, the result of land sales. The banks had to charge their customers from 10 to 12% for loans, very often on questionable securities. It was then
1580:
and quickly grew into a thriving community, although at great human cost to the original inhabitants. Its foundation was the result of an invasion of wealthy squatters, land speculators and their indentured servants (including ex-convicts) who arrived from 1835, in a race with one another to seize an
1251:
under the command of Samuel Wright, to protect the approaches to the bay. Hovell, accompanying the party, soon realised that this was not where he had arrived two years before, and reported unfavourably on the swampy land around
Western Port, although he referred to better land to the north. In spite
680:
would have been dry land, and the Yarra and
Werribee river would have joined to flow through the heads then south and south west through the Bassian plain before meeting the ocean to the west. Tasmania and the Bass Strait islands became separated from mainland Australia around 12,000 BP, when the sea
1584:
Early in 1836, Mr Franks, one of the first immigrants to the region, and his shepherd were found dead as a result of steel hatchet wounds to the head. His station was near
Cotterill's Mount, called the Sugarloaf, near the river Exe, now Werribee. Upon discovering the scene, and a nearby food store
1479:
Elected representatives for Port
Phillip and Melbourne needed to be in Sydney to serve in the Legislative Council, placing them at a great distance from the areas they represented, and they were consequently considered ineffective and out-of-touch by locals. In protest and in support of a campaign
1171:
The brief settlement at
Sorrento achieved little and left only a few relics for modern tourists to observe. Collins has been criticised for not investigating the bay thoroughly, in particular, the northern head with its fresh-water river, and for being too hasty in his condemnation of the bay. The
935:
peoples in the eastern
Melbourne region. This initially friendly encounter started with trading, eating, and gifting, and was suddenly interrupted by a violent ambush by another group of Aboriginal people. The crew in response shot at the Aboriginal people, and continued to shoot at them as they
1888:
A period of prosperity in the 1880s led to a wild speculation in land and buildings, and money poured in from England. Land companies, mortgage societies, municipal bodies, building societies, and a host of other organisations all clamoured for a share in the good things that were on offer, and
1892:
In 1893, 14 banks failed, twelve of those with 905 branches throughout Australia, had liabilities assessed at £166,000,000, and thousands of people lost the whole of their possessions. Bank notes in many cases became worthless, and Victoria reached the farthest depth of a financial depression.
1033:. They had a friendly meeting with local Aboriginal people and returned to their ship via Corio Bay. They concluded that the best site for a settlement would be on the freshwater at the northern head of the bay, but were unenthusiastic about the soil and its agricultural potential.
668:
Islands have been dated to between 20,000 – 35,000 years ago, when sea levels were 130 metres below present level allowing Aboriginal people to move across the region of southern Victoria and on to the land bridge of the Bassian plain to Tasmania by at least 35,000 years ago.
1640:
accelerated by Lord John Russell's instructions that all lands out of town boundaries to be sold at only £1 per acre. Sheep that had been bought at from 30s to 40s per head are now sold at less than 2s. The Insolvent Court was rushed by all classes of the community.
826:, disappointed at the vagueness of Grant's chart, sent him back to survey the strait more thoroughly. Bad weather prevented him from proceeding beyond Western Port, where he stayed for five weeks, planting wheat, Indian corn, peas, rice, coffee and potatoes on
1085:. The expedition consisted of 402 people: 5 Government officials, 9 officers of marines, 2 drummers, and 39 privates, 5 soldiers' wives, and a child, 307 convicts, 17 convicts' wives, and 7 children. One of the children was the eleven-year-old
1309:
that land was scarce in Van Diemen's Land and he should invest across Bass Strait. Pastoralists John Aitken and George Russell suggested forming a partnership, and in August 1834 a group of eight Launceston capitalists formed what became the
1581:'empty' country. The British Crown and colonial governments did not recognise prior Aboriginal ownership of their lands, waters and property, in spite of claiming that Aborigines fell within the protection of the law as British subjects.
1413:, all of whom were appointed by the Sovereign or the Governor of the Colony. When the Legislative Council was expanded and restructured to include 12 appointed members and 24 members elected by eligible landowners, taking effect from the
1676:
to take effect on 1 July 1851. This was formally the founding moment of the Colony of Victoria, with separation from New South Wales established by section 1 of the 1851 Act. La Trobe became the new colony's first Lieutenant-Governor.
1768:"). This was crushed by British troops, but some of the leaders of the rebellion subsequently became members of the Victoria Parliament, and the rebellion is regarded as a pivotal moment in the development of Australian democracy.
1906:
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Victoria: with a description of its principal cities, Melbourne and Geelong: and remarks on the present state of the colony, including an account of the Ballaarat disturbances, and of the death of Captain Wise, 40th
1593:
of Tasmania reported with approval in 1836 that the band had scouted the Wathaurong camp overnight, and in the morning launched an attack with the intent of "annihilating them". The incident is today remembered as
1720:
Immigrants arrived from all over the world to search for gold, principally from the British Isles and particularly from Ireland. Many Chinese miners worked in Victoria, and their legacy is particularly strong in
1549:
With the dispossession of Aboriginal peoples from their lands with the establishment of sheep runs by squatters, conflict over resources and land use inevitably occurred. One highly notable incident called the
1516:
but local representatives were elected. Grey never attempted to take up his seat and it was declared vacant in 1850 and a replacement elected. The independence campaign continued and led Grey to introduce the
3547:
1861:
has called Kelly and his gang "the last expression of the lawless frontier in what was becoming a highly organised and educated society, the last protest of the mighty bush now tethered with iron rails to
1255:
The shortage of good pasture in Van Diemen's Land led to settlers there showing interest in the country across Bass Strait, following Hume and Hovell's reports and stories of visiting sealers. Pastoralist
1893:
Unemployment became widespread, wages and prices dropped and bankruptcies followed one another in disturbing sequence. The most drastic retrenchments were made by the Government and public bodies.
1017:
and gardener James Fleming. At the head of the bay they found a river and followed it upstream where it soon divided. They followed the western branch and named it the Saltwater River (the present
1175:
When Collins departed, several convicts – who had escaped when they heard the colony was leaving for Van Diemen's Land – were left behind. They were presumed killed by Aboriginal people. However,
1680:
In 1851, the white population of the new colony was still only 77,000, and only 23,000 people lived in Melbourne. Melbourne had already become a centre of Australia's wool export trade.
2364:
1049:
in Sydney and to reduce the pressure on food resources. Port Phillip, with a favourable climate and rich fishing and sealing resources, seemed an ideal location for another settlement.
1342:
led an expedition to the region from Sydney in 1835, arriving at Portland in August 1836, he was surprised to find a small but prosperous community living off the fertile farmland.
3237:
1481:
1414:
3574:
An account of a voyage to establish a colony at Port Philip in Bass's Strait on the south coast of New South Wales, in His Majesty's Ship Calcutta, in the years 1802-3-4
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1620:. This took place in 1842, a mere seven years after John Batman's treaties with the Kuhn people, when the two Tasmanian Aboriginal men were publicly hanged for murder." The
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2423:
The life and adventures of William Buckley thirty-two years a wanderer amongst the aborigines of then unexplored country round Port Phillip, now the province of Victoria.
1950:
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1601:
Between 1836 and 1842, Victorian Aboriginal groups were largely dispossessed of territory bigger than England. Although the British Colonial Office appointed 5 "
1496:. A second writ was issued to elect five representatives for Port Phillip in October 1848. Following the strategy involving Earl Grey, the nominees included the
4557:
2602:
An Act to provide for the division of the Colony of New South Wales into Electoral Districts and for the Election of Members to serve in the Legislative Council
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1243:
visited one of the sealers' camps on Phillip Island. Worried by this renewed French interest in the area and encouraged by Hume and Hovell's reports, Governor
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1236:, mistakenly believing it to be Western Port, and returned to Sydney in January 1825, lavishly praising the quality of the country they had passed through.
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longitude. Coinciding with the introduction of a fixed-price land sale scheme in January 1840, the District was expanded north to follow the course of the
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A full description of Murray's and Flinders' discoveries, together with King's thoughts on settlement, but not Grimes' report, reached England just as
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1946:
311:
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in September 1836, though with ill-defined borders. In 1839, the District was defined as consisting of all the lands within New South Wales south of
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1811:
In 1862 Duffy's Land Act attempted, but failed, through a system of extended pastoral licences, to break the land-holding monopoly of the so-called
1497:
117:
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in 1825 but permission was not granted. A number of settlers sought land over the next few years, but Governor Darling turned down all requests.
952:
sailed through the strait from east to west and was the first to properly survey the coast to the west. In April 1802, a French expedition ship
548:
lived in the area now known as Victoria. After the first Europeans settled there in October 1803, in September 1836 the area became part of the
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scheduled for 27 July was disrupted by not nominating candidates for Port Phillip and putting forward for the Town of Melbourne the incumbent
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and formally took possession of the bay (which he named Port King) for Britain. The bay was then known as Narm-Narm by the people of the
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2083:. This book describes in some detail the archaeological evidence regarding Aboriginal life, culture, food gathering and land management.
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before turning north to their destination. Several captains viewed the expanse of water between Van Diemen's Land and the east coast of
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image, "Citizens John and Charles", depicted the pair as French revolutionaries holding the skull and cross bone flag of the so-called
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1492:. Grey received nearly 75% of the vote despite Grey having never visited the Colony and being ineligible as a current member of the
887:
541:
374:
291:
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Jenny Fawcett,"Captain Henry Wishart of Port Fairy Bay", Warrnambool, Collett, Bain & Gaspar, 2005 www.genseek.net/pioneers.htm
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became the financial centre of Australia and New Zealand. Between 1901 and 1927, Australia's Parliament sat in Melbourne while
1616:(known as Jack) and Maulboyheenner (known as Bob, or sometimes called Timmy or Jimmy), became the first people executed in the
1589:
newspaper reported in 1915 that the party "took vengeance on the murderes" (referring to the untried Wathaurong people), while
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languages describe the flooding of the bay, which they call Narm-Narm; it was previously covered in scrubby tea-tree and was a
181:
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The first foreign military action by the colony of Victoria was to send troops and a warship to New Zealand as part of the
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Collins reported his criticisms to Governor King, who supported him and recommended moving the settlement. On 18 December
1119:
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1429:, to the nearest source of the Murray River, and then along the course of the Murray to the border with South Australia.
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3833:
2512:(June 1982). "Agitation for the Separation of the Port Phillip District from the Colony of New South Wales, 1838–1850".
1871:
1298:, another sailor, reported favourably in Launceston on Western Port. It was now inevitable that settlement would occur.
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279:
1792:
his deputy. Melbourne's Protestant establishment was ill-prepared "to countenance so startling a novelty". In 1858–59,
1252:
of clearing the land for crops, and the construction of a fort and houses, the settlement was abandoned in April 1828.
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1823:, on the grounds that it unfairly penalised small farmers, and himself was briefly Premier (June 1871 to June 1872).
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people near Corio Bay, killing their leader – the first Aborigines known to have been killed by settlers in Victoria.
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described strong currents, sandy soil, poor timber, swampy land and scarce fresh water. They also clashed with the
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was under construction. It was also the largest city in Australia at the time, and the second largest city in the
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Following a number of exploratory expeditions south from the settled areas of New South Wales, the pastoralist
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level was approximately 50 metres (160 ft) below present levels. Port Phillip was flooded by post-glacial
553:
4009:
2170:, Prepared for Parsons Brinckerhoff & Port of Melbourne Corporation, August 2003. Accessed 3 November 2008
1454:
1442:
2574:"Part Three—Members of the Legislative Council Appointed Prior to the Date of Responsible Government in 1856"
1717:. Victoria produced in the decade 1851–1860, twenty million ounces of gold, one third of the world's output.
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ordered a settlement to be established at Western Port. A small convict party arrived in November 1826 at
1142:
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on 1 January 1801, then veered sharply south-west to the north-western tip of Governor King's Island (now
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into the British Parliament, separating the District of Port Phillip from New South Wales to become the
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for about 40,000 years, living a semi-nomadic existence of fishing, hunting and gathering, and farming
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2214:
Heritage Victoria, who sources(Bird 1993, Bowler 1966, Holdgate et al. 2001). Accessed 3 November 2008
798:
in January 1798 bad weather and lack of provisions forced him to return to Sydney. Bass returned with
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4144:
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3159:, Black Inc, 2011, page 151 citing Richard Broome, 'Victoria' in McGrath (ed.), Contested Ground: 129
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For the next thirty years a few sealers and whalers rested on the southern coast of New South Wales.
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This article is about the history of the Australian state. For the history of the Canadian city, see
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2404:"Collins Settlement Site, Victorian Heritage Register (VHR) Number H1050, Heritage Overlay HO255"
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from 2 July 1851. The separation occurred along the 1843 borders and still apply to the modern
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Collins was soon disappointed with the area. Reports from exploring parties led by Lieutenant
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The History of the Colony of Victoria: From Its Settlement to the Death of Sir Charles Hotham
1760:
there was an armed rebellion against the government of Victoria by miners protesting against
1330:, on the west coast of what is now Victoria. Portland was settled on 19 November 1834 by the
556:. In July 1851, the District of Port Phillip was established as its own colony, becoming the
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Constitutional Critique – Critical Constitutional Analysis by the Constitutional Reform Unit
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3058:. Traralgon, Vic.: National Library of Australia. 19 March 1915. p. 4 Edition: MORNING
920:. On 4 September 1805, King formally renamed it Port Phillip, in honour of his predecessor
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2054:. Presland says on page 1: "There is some evidence to show that people were living in the
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822:, on way from Cape Town to Sydney, sailed through Bass Strait from west to east. Governor
804:
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3212:. Melbourne: Melbourne Justice Press; Clayton : Legal Service Bulletin Cooperative.
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and the world". In the century after his execution in Melbourne in 1880, Kelly became a
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directed at them, there was not the level of anti-Chinese violence that was seen at the
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and Maulboyheenner public marker exists at the place of execution near the site of the
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Convicts Unbound: The story of the Calcutta convicts and their settlement in Australia
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Heritage Victoria, who sources (Lambeck & Chappell 2001) Accessed 3 November 2008
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and began the first permanent European settlement on the north coast of Bass Strait.
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called in to Portland for a cargo of oil, and was much impressed. In November 1834
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site of the settlement is now a reserve incorporating four graves from the period.
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fled, inflicting likely mortal wounds on two of them. Murray then ordered the ship
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Scars on the Landscape. A Register of Massacre sites in Western Victoria 1803–1859
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2123:, Peter Brown's Australian and Asian Palaeoanthropology, Accessed 3 November 2008
1664:. Gipps, who had previously been in favour of separation, rejected the petition.
1137:, and the party was prepared for evacuation. This was achieved in two voyages of
1089:, later a founder of Melbourne, who accompanied his convicted father and mother.
931:
During this voyage, Murray records in his journal his first encounter with local
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The Present State and Prospects of the Port Phillip District of New South Wales
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was being prepared to send a shipload of convicts to Sydney. In February 1803,
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On 26 April 1802, Flinders, unaware of Murray's visit, entered Port Phillip in
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1962:
1851:
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In 1857, reflecting the growing presence of Irish immigrants, in Victoria the
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set off to explore the country to the south in October 1824. They crossed the
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was responsible for the formation of the bay, or the bay was flooded when the
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649:, making Keilor one of the earliest sites of human habitation in Australia. A
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1745:. Conditions on the gold fields were cramped and unsanitary – an outbreak of
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a human hearth excavated in 1971 was radiocarbon-dated to about 31,000 years
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Borders of the District of Port Phillip within the Colony of New South Wales
1426:
1357:) started the Port Phillip settlement that later become known as Melbourne.
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1232:, and were forced to detour around mountains. They arrived on the shores of
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as commander of the expedition, left England accompanied by the store-ship
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4238:
3389:. Hobart, Tas.: National Library of Australia. 23 October 1930. p. 5
1929:
1820:
1286:
in 1830 again aroused interest in settlement in the south. In April 1833
1046:
717:
701:
697:
661:
573:
3137:. Vol. 2, no. 31. Tasmania, Australia. 30 July 1836. p. 2
2317:. Melbourne: National Library of Australia. 21 September 1877. p. 7
2160:
Channel Deepening Existing Conditions Final Report – Aboriginal Heritage
1913:, Victoria ceased to be an independent colony and became a state in the
1648:
The first petition for the separation of the Port Phillip District (or '
1279:
in 1829 where he resided for a time prior to the arrival of the Hentys.
1183:
and living with them for the next 32 years. (In 1835 he became aware of
1092:
1009:
sailed right around Port Phillip. With him were acting surveyor-general
622:
that had occupied the land for tens of thousands of years. According to
4430:
4368:
4308:
4298:
4273:
4248:
4243:
3578:
2487:
2275:
1746:
1554:
occurred in Portland Bay in 1833 or 1834 in a possible dispute about a
1425:. On 1 July 1843, a proclamation formalised the border as running from
2460:. Melbourne: National Library of Australia. 13 October 1928. p. 6
1917:. Victorian and Tasmanian politicians were particularly active in the
4268:
3620:
2345:. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 14 October 1901. p. 7
2059:
1726:
1406:
1157:
1103:
The party entered Port Phillip on 9 October 1803 and chose a site at
766:
750:
709:
3210:
Hunt them, hang them : 'the Tasmanians' in Port Phillip 1841–42
2204:
Investigating the Submerged Landscapes of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria
2182:
Investigating the Submerged Landscapes of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria
2135:
Investigating the Submerged Landscapes of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria
1874:, and is the subject of more biographies than any other Australian.
871:. Proceeding around the tip of the promontory, Black discovered the
653:
found at the site has been dated at between 12,000 and 14,700 years
3079:
Convincing ground : learning to fall in love with your country
3044:
3042:
3650:
3486:
A History of the Port Phillip District: Victoria before separation
3417:. Perth: National Library of Australia. 30 October 1944. p. 4
3357:
The Rush to Be Rich: A History of the Colony of Victoria 1883–1889
2546:
A History of the Port Phillip District: Victoria Before Separation
1841:
1369:
was formally established as an administrative division within the
1091:
746:, before turning east and north to follow the coast of Australia.
601:
1830:. Troops from New South Wales had previously participated in the
3609:
Journal of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland
2236:, Wurundjeri Dreaming. Recorded 2004-5. Accessed 3 November 2008
1698:
4434:
3665:
790:
to explore thoroughly the coast in a whaleboat. After reaching
2255:. Vic.: National Library of Australia. 24 July 1941. p. 4
1850:
From 1878 to 1880 Victoria was the location of the celebrated
1067:
changed the destination to Port Phillip. On 24 April 1803 HMS
1531:. The same Act created bicameral legislatures and instituted
863:), which Black named after the Governor of New South Wales,
3661:
1156:. The party was transferred to the fledgling settlement of
1672:
on 5 August 1850. Enabling legislation was passed by the
2817:"Election of a representative for the City of Melbourne"
1796:
cartoons linked Duffy and O'Shanassy with images of the
3196:
The Founding of Melbourne and the Conquest of Australia
3183:
The Founding of Melbourne and the Conquest of Australia
3170:
The Founding of Melbourne and the Conquest of Australia
3157:
The Founding of Melbourne and the Conquest of Australia
2153:
2151:
2073:
Aboriginal Melbourne: The Lost Land of the Kulin People
2689:"Contemporary opinions on the late election movements"
1326:
Victoria's first successful British settlement was at
912:
Nation, and Murray called the bay Port King after the
808:
and sailed through the strait, proving its existence.
3445:, Port Melbourne, Cambridge University Press, 2013. (
3651:
Victoria Government Gazette Online Archive 1836–1997
4541:
4511:
4468:
4214:
4122:
4056:
4023:
4000:
3947:
3924:
3876:
3853:
3841:
3699:
3234:"Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner public marker"
1220:(which they named the Hume River) near the site of
2515:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society
2157:David Rhodes, Terra Culture Heritage Consultants,
2091:
2089:
2044:The First Residents of Melbourne's Western Region
1951:Military history of Australia during World War II
1417:, the newly created electoral districts included
1401:. However, the border was retracted south to the
1228:(which they called the Hovell) above the site of
2504:
2502:
1198:Interest grows in the north coast of Bass Strait
720:the bat created the oceans, rivers, and creeks.
2726:The Port Phillip Patriot and Morning Advertiser
2477:
2475:
2075:, Harriland Press (1985), Second edition 1994,
1846:Ned Kelly the day before his execution in 1880.
1025:, and then the eastern fresh-water branch (the
779:of islands, also thought it might be a strait.
2885:
2883:
2657:"Victorian Constitutionalism: A Brief History"
2101:, eMelbourne website. Accessed 3 November 2008
1872:numerous works in the arts and popular culture
1815:. In 1871 Duffy led the opposition to Premier
940:to be fired at the fleeing Aboriginal people.
4446:
3677:
1612:, "Tragically two of these (Aboriginal) men,
1314:. On 19 November 1834 Edward Henty landed in
1191:camp and reintroduced himself to Europeans.)
765:and wondered whether it was a large bay or a
495:
8:
3342:, historyireland.com; accessed 6 March 2016.
3109:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2483:"What is the northern boundary of Victoria?"
2365:"Collins Settlement Historic Site, Sorrento"
2046:, (revised edition), Harriland Press, 1997.
883:arrived in Port Jackson on 12 January 1801.
728:Coming from New Zealand in 1770, Lieutenant
3461:Aboriginal Victorians: A History Since 1800
2927:. No. 91. 25 August 1848. p. 1065
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2145:Heritage Victoria, Accessed 3 November 2008
2016:Aboriginal Victorians: A History Since 1800
1780:had its first Catholic government leaders:
1486:Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
1179:survived, meeting Wathaurong people on the
688:Oral history and creation stories from the
564:. During the 1850s, gold was discovered in
34:History of the Australian state of Victoria
4453:
4439:
4431:
3850:
3684:
3670:
3662:
3540:. Dublin: William Curry, Jun. and Company.
3359:. Melbourne University Press. p. 11.
3145:– via National Library of Australia.
3113:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2822:Port Phillip Gazette and Settler's Journal
2277:The Early Charting of Victoria's Coastline
1725:and its environs. Although there was some
502:
488:
38:
2848:
2846:
2844:
1947:Australian home front during World War II
1733:in New South Wales. However, there was a
1421:(to be represented by 5 members) and the
928:off what is now known as Sorrento Beach.
29:Victoria, British Columbia § History
3658:State Library of Victoria Research Guide
2761:. No. 68. 27 June 1848. p. 799
2297:. London: Grafton & Co. p. 134.
2280:, Australian and New Zealand Map Society
1800:to undermine their Ministry. One famous
1282:The expedition down the Murray River by
875:, which he named after the ship's owner
847:, was the second vessel to sail through
628:Aboriginal people have lived in Victoria
2007:
1610:R vs Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheener
1520:Australian Colonies Government Act 1850
50:
44:This article is part of a series on the
3605:The progress of the colony of Victoria
3286:"150 Years of Gold Mining in Victoria"
3102:
3081:. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.
1290:, returning to Van Diemen's Land from
1224:and continued south. They crossed the
948:Three weeks later the French explorer
672:During the Ice Age about 20,000 years
1381:(that is, the border with the future
1141:in January and May 1804, assisted by
974:, since Anglicised as French Island.
716:was created. Another story says that
560:, with its own government within the
7:
4401:
749:Ships sailing from Great Britain to
576:in 1851, which was the start of the
202:1901 Federal Flag Design Competition
3656:Victoria's early history, 1803–1851
3594:A History of the Colony of Victoria
3506:, Melbourne, Viking O'Neil, 1988. (
1674:New South Wales Legislative Council
1668:with a Constitution, was signed by
1334:, who were originally farmers from
867:. She then sailed easterly towards
782:To clear up the question, Governor
580:. In 1901 it became a state of the
3050:"THE FIRST SETTLEMENT OF VICTORIA"
2924:New South Wales Government Gazette
2758:New South Wales Government Gazette
2721:"Apology for Earl Grey's election"
1239:In April 1826 the French explorer
998:In January 1803 Acting-Lieutenant
983:, climbed Arthur's Seat, rowed to
25:
4578:Heard Island and McDonald Islands
3017:, Aboriginal Studies Press, 1995
2891:"The Hon. Henry (Earl Grey) Grey"
1884:Australian banking crisis of 1893
896:visited Western Port and entered
685:between 8000 and 6000 years ago.
542:British colonisation of Australia
4412:
4400:
4389:
4388:
4381:
3832:
2919:"Writ of election: Port Phillip"
1979:
1965:
1608:Regarding the infamous Trial of
1465:
1453:
1441:
471:
64:
2491:. 21 April 1906. Archived from
2294:The Logbooks of the Lady Nelson
2014:Richard Broome, pp xviii–xxii,
1644:Separation from New South Wales
4558:Australian Antarctic Territory
2753:"Writs for a general election"
2274:Eccleston, Gregory C. (2012),
1924:As a result of the gold rush,
1405:after extensive opposition in
968:Baudin expedition to Australia
608:Aboriginal peoples of Victoria
1:
3316:Victoria's Colonial Governors
3077:Pascoe, Bruce, 1947– (2007).
3001:National Library of Australia
2991:. 14 November 1850. p. 2
2969:National Library of Australia
2937:National Library of Australia
2897:Parliament of New South Wales
2835:National Library of Australia
2803:National Library of Australia
2771:National Library of Australia
2739:National Library of Australia
2707:National Library of Australia
2581:Parliament of New South Wales
1322:Permanent European settlement
1041:With Britain involved in the
855:. She reached the coast near
811:In December 1800, Lieutenant
753:crossed the Indian Ocean and
518:refers to the history of the
4523:Australian Capital Territory
3545:Henry Butler Stoney (1856),
2959:. 13 October 1848. p. 2
2661:The Constitution of Victoria
1275:built a hut on the shore of
618:was originally home to many
4604:History of Victoria (state)
4553:Ashmore and Cartier Islands
3463:, Allen & Unwin, 2005,
3036:, accessed 26 November 2008
2548:. Carlton South, Victoria:
2408:Victorian Heritage Database
2378:, July 2003, archived from
2018:, Allen & Unwin, 2005,
1784:as Premier, and the former
1596:The Mount Cottrell massacre
1264:planned an expedition from
924:. Murray chose to base the
914:Governor of New South Wales
886:In January 1802 Lieutenant
742:, about 70 km west of
706:Aboriginal creation stories
95:European exploration (land)
4620:
3290:Stawell Historical Society
3025:Excerpt also published on
2098:Keilor Archaeological Site
2062:, about 40,000 years ago."
1881:
1753:killed over 1,000 miners.
1687:
1552:Convincing Ground massacre
1542:
1204:Hume and Hovell expedition
1201:
1075:, with Lieutenant-Colonel
724:Early European exploration
676:, the area now the bay of
643:Keilor Archaeological Site
591:
460:List of years in Australia
90:European exploration (sea)
26:
4377:
3830:
3792:Australian rules football
3488:, Melbourne, MUP, 1996. (
3340:George Gavan Duffy papers
2988:The Sydney Morning Herald
2825:. 29 July 1848. p. 2
2793:. 27 July 1848. p. 4
2729:. 31 July 1848. p. 2
2697:. 29 July 1848. p. 2
2425:, Hobart: A. Macdougall,
2309:"[?]RIMES' CHART"
2058:valley, near present day
1915:Commonwealth of Australia
1472:1 July 1843 – 1 July 1851
1383:Colony of South Australia
1371:Colony of New South Wales
1148:which had been surveying
1043:French revolutionary wars
962:explored the area around
900:on 14 February. He named
582:Commonwealth of Australia
550:colony of New South Wales
529:and the area's preceding
3552:(1st ed.), London:
3381:"FINANCIAL FLUCTUATIONS"
3198:, Black Inc, 2011, p.163
3185:, Black Inc, 2011, p.199
3172:, Black Inc, 2011, p.177
3032:5 September 2012 at the
2870:the University of Sydney
2118:15 November 2011 at the
1857:and his gang. Historian
1701:was first discovered in
1660:and presented by him to
1558:between whalers and the
1488:in the British Cabinet,
1367:District of Port Phillip
1351:Port Phillip Association
1312:Port Phillip Association
1189:Port Phillip Association
1160:, founded by Lieutenant
660:Archaeological sites in
554:District of Port Phillip
4568:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4084:Lady Julia Percy Island
3939:Wimmera Southern Mallee
3847:sub-regions / districts
3260:"Documenting Democracy"
3027:Museum Victoria website
3013:Ian D. Clark, pp17-22,
2951:"The district election"
2231:4 November 2008 at the
1819:'s plan to introduce a
1735:riot at Buckland Valley
1656:was drafted in 1840 by
1572:was founded in 1835 by
1539:Conflict over resources
1415:1843 colonial elections
1393:from its source to the
1212:and former sea-captain
1071:, commanded by Captain
1037:1803 British settlement
636:Budj Bim heritage areas
634:, as is evident in the
594:Prehistory of Australia
3592:Turner, H. G. (1904),
3577:, London, Portsmouth:
3330:, 7 January 1859, p. 5
3134:The Cornwall Chronicle
2895:Former members of the
2607:(16). 23 February 1843
2247:"Facts About Victoria"
2165:1 October 2009 at the
1847:
1749:at Buckland Valley in
1709:, and subsequently at
1591:The Cornwall Chronicle
1480:for independence, the
1377:latitude, and between
1152:on the north coast of
1100:
1098:Sullivan Bay, Victoria
970:. It named the island
946:
611:
18:Separation of Victoria
3569:James Hingston Tuckey
3443:A History of Victoria
2655:Taylor, Greg (2006).
2495:on 15 September 2009.
2421:Morgan, John (1852),
1845:
1618:Port Phillip District
1603:Aboriginal Protectors
1409:, including from the
1340:Major Thomas Mitchell
1202:Further information:
1164:as a penal colony at
1095:
942:
605:
598:Aboriginal Victorians
4544:External territories
4528:Jervis Bay Territory
4514:Mainland territories
4462:History of Australia
4145:Mornington Peninsula
4057:Unincorporated areas
3596:, vols 1–2 (London).
2983:"Melbourne election"
2452:"BIRTH OF MELBOURNE"
2410:. Heritage Victoria.
2226:Yarra Creation Story
1997:History of Melbourne
1901:At the beginning of
1658:Henry Fyshe Gisborne
1301:In June 1834 banker
1271:A sealer and whaler
802:in December 1798 in
610:language territories
478:Australia portal
77:Timeline and periods
3414:The West Australian
3296:on 11 February 2008
3194:James Boyce, 1835:
3181:James Boyce, 1835:
3168:James Boyce, 1835:
3155:James Boyce, 1835:
2209:23 May 2009 at the
2187:23 May 2009 at the
2140:23 May 2009 at the
1817:Sir James McCulloch
1790:Charles Gavan Duffy
1715:largest gold nugget
1705:and Buninyong near
1690:Victorian Gold Rush
1411:Legislative Council
1347:John Pascoe Fawkner
1305:advised his client
1181:Bellarine Peninsula
1168:in September 1803.
1087:John Pascoe Fawkner
989:Bellarine Peninsula
578:Victorian Gold Rush
516:history of Victoria
4533:Northern Territory
3208:Auty, Kate (216).
2858:"Senator Assange?"
2790:Geelong Advertiser
2694:Geelong Advertiser
2667:. pp. 23–63.
2113:The Keilor Cranium
1878:Depression of 1893
1848:
1806:Victorian Republic
1731:Lambing Flat riots
1628:, with artwork by
1626:Old Melbourne Gaol
1525:Colony of Victoria
1498:Duke of Wellington
1494:British Parliament
1448:formalised in 1839
1391:Murrumbidgee River
1101:
1065:Secretary of State
987:and across to the
918:Philip Gidley King
869:Wilsons Promontory
865:Philip Gidley King
792:Wilsons Promontory
620:Aboriginal nations
612:
588:Aboriginal history
558:Colony of Victoria
546:Aboriginal peoples
375:Northern Territory
285:Chinese Australian
275:African Australian
242:Telecommunications
162:Capital punishment
4591:
4590:
4573:Coral Sea Islands
4503:Western Australia
4428:
4427:
4210:
4209:
4025:Greater Melbourne
3934:Central Highlands
3887:Central Gippsland
3868:Great South Coast
3855:Barwon South West
3615:(7). Dublin: 12.
3603:(October 1856). "
3529:Griffith, Charles
3477:978-1-74114-569-4
3366:978-0-522-84009-4
3240:on 3 October 2020
2876:on 16 March 2019.
2866:Sydney Law School
2856:(20 April 2013).
2291:Lee, Ida (1915).
2056:Maribyrnong River
2032:978-1-74114-569-4
1798:French Revolution
1772:Colonial politics
1578:Van Diemen's Land
1535:for each colony.
1529:State of Victoria
1510:Lord John Russell
1423:Town of Melbourne
1338:(Tasmania). When
1336:Van Diemen's Land
1107:near present-day
1021:) to what is now
966:, as part of the
775:, wrecked in the
759:Van Diemen's Land
757:, sailing around
683:rising sea levels
512:
511:
445:
444:
435:Western Australia
297:Jewish Australian
292:Indigenous people
55:
16:(Redirected from
4611:
4563:Christmas Island
4546:
4516:
4455:
4448:
4441:
4432:
4416:
4404:
4403:
4392:
4391:
4385:
4216:Cities and towns
4187:Western District
4114:Sandstone Island
4064:Elizabeth Island
4035:Inner South-east
3851:
3836:
3747:Local Government
3686:
3679:
3672:
3663:
3640:
3589:
3564:
3541:
3539:
3500:Marjorie Tipping
3439:Geoffrey Blainey
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3349:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3292:. Archived from
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3262:. Archived from
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3236:. Archived from
3230:
3224:
3223:
3205:
3199:
3192:
3186:
3179:
3173:
3166:
3160:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3108:
3100:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3055:Traralgon Record
3046:
3037:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2887:
2878:
2877:
2872:. Archived from
2850:
2839:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2665:Federation Press
2652:
2646:
2645:
2634:McCombie, Thomas
2630:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2578:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2479:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2369:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2337:"CORRESPONDENCE"
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2243:
2237:
2221:
2215:
2199:
2193:
2177:
2171:
2155:
2146:
2130:
2124:
2108:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2069:
2063:
2040:
2034:
2012:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1936:(after London).
1828:New Zealand Wars
1813:"squatter" class
1622:Tunnerminnerwait
1614:Tunnerminnerwait
1587:Traralgon Record
1560:Kilcarer gundidj
1469:
1457:
1445:
1303:Charles Swanston
1154:Van Diemens Land
1002:in the schooner
991:and climbed the
972:Ile des Français
828:Churchill Island
800:Matthew Flinders
738:sighted land at
704:hunting ground.
535:British colonial
504:
497:
490:
476:
475:
474:
335:
334:
280:Asian Australian
192:Eureka Rebellion
78:
68:
58:
53:
45:
39:
21:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4542:
4537:
4512:
4507:
4488:South Australia
4478:New South Wales
4464:
4459:
4429:
4424:
4373:
4206:
4123:Other districts
4118:
4052:
4019:
4010:Loddon Campaspe
3996:
3977:Goulburn Valley
3943:
3920:
3908:South Gippsland
3872:
3846:
3837:
3828:
3695:
3690:
3647:
3599:
3567:
3544:
3527:
3524:
3522:Further reading
3435:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3409:"AFTER THE WAR"
3407:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3353:Serle, Geoffrey
3351:
3350:
3346:
3338:
3334:
3326:
3322:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3266:on 16 July 2005
3258:
3257:
3253:
3243:
3241:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3220:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3193:
3189:
3180:
3176:
3167:
3163:
3154:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3101:
3089:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3048:
3047:
3040:
3034:Wayback Machine
3012:
3008:
2994:
2992:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2962:
2960:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2930:
2928:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2852:
2851:
2842:
2828:
2826:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2796:
2794:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2764:
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1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1307:George Mercer
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:Charles Sturt
1280:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1260:and surveyor
1259:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:Hamilton Hume
1205:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1136:
1133:departed for
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1120:George Harris
1118:and surveyor
1117:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1077:David Collins
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
981:
975:
973:
969:
965:
964:French Island
961:
957:
956:
951:
945:
941:
939:
934:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
902:Arthur's Seat
899:
895:
894:
889:
884:
882:
878:
877:Michael Hogan
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
841:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
820:
814:
809:
807:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
747:
745:
741:
737:
736:
731:
723:
721:
719:
715:
711:
708:describe how
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:
684:
679:
675:
670:
667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:Gary Presland
621:
617:
614:The state of
609:
604:
599:
595:
587:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
521:
517:
505:
500:
498:
493:
491:
486:
485:
483:
482:
479:
469:
468:
461:
458:
457:
451:
450:
441:
438:
436:
433:
432:
429:
426:
424:
421:
420:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
381:
378:
376:
373:
372:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
357:
354:
352:
349:
348:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
328:
327:
318:
315:
313:
310:
309:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
286:
283:
282:
281:
278:
276:
273:
272:
266:
265:
258:
257:Unfree labour
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
134:
128:
127:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
100:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
82:
79:
72:
71:
67:
63:
62:
59:
49:
46:
41:
40:
37:
30:
19:
4497:
4418:
4406:
4394:
4201:Yarra Valley
4199:
4194:Western Port
4192:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4166:Port Phillip
4164:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4104:Mount Hotham
4099:Mount Buller
3989:
3982:
3975:
3970:Central Hume
3968:
3962:Ovens Murray
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3802:Rugby league
3741:
3612:
3608:
3593:
3572:
3546:
3534:
3503:
3485:
3460:
3442:
3419:. Retrieved
3412:
3403:
3391:. Retrieved
3384:
3375:
3356:
3347:
3335:
3327:
3323:
3315:
3310:
3298:. Retrieved
3294:the original
3289:
3280:
3268:. Retrieved
3264:the original
3254:
3242:. Retrieved
3238:the original
3228:
3209:
3203:
3195:
3190:
3182:
3177:
3169:
3164:
3156:
3151:
3139:. Retrieved
3132:
3123:
3078:
3072:
3060:. Retrieved
3053:
3014:
3009:
2999:– via
2993:. Retrieved
2986:
2977:
2967:– via
2961:. Retrieved
2954:
2945:
2935:– via
2929:. Retrieved
2922:
2913:
2901:. Retrieved
2894:
2874:the original
2861:
2854:Twomey, Anne
2833:– via
2827:. Retrieved
2820:
2811:
2801:– via
2795:. Retrieved
2788:
2779:
2769:– via
2763:. Retrieved
2756:
2747:
2737:– via
2731:. Retrieved
2724:
2715:
2705:– via
2699:. Retrieved
2692:
2683:
2660:
2650:
2637:
2609:. Retrieved
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2568:
2545:
2536:
2519:
2513:
2493:the original
2486:
2462:. Retrieved
2455:
2446:
2422:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2387:, retrieved
2380:the original
2371:
2359:
2347:. Retrieved
2340:
2331:
2319:. Retrieved
2312:
2303:
2293:
2286:
2276:
2269:
2257:. Retrieved
2250:
2241:
2224:
2223:Ian Hunter,
2219:
2202:
2197:
2180:
2175:
2158:
2133:
2128:
2111:
2106:
2096:
2072:
2067:
2043:
2038:
2015:
2010:
1944:
1943:
1940:World War II
1923:
1907:proclamation
1900:
1891:
1887:
1870:, inspiring
1849:
1825:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1775:
1762:mining taxes
1755:
1719:
1693:
1679:
1666:
1647:
1638:
1634:Trent Walter
1630:Brook Andrew
1609:
1607:
1600:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1576:, also from
1568:
1562:clan of the
1559:
1548:
1519:
1478:
1460:January 1840
1419:Port Phillip
1403:Murray River
1364:
1344:
1332:Henty family
1325:
1316:Portland Bay
1300:
1292:Spencer Gulf
1288:Edward Henty
1281:
1277:Portland Bay
1270:
1254:
1238:
1218:Murray River
1207:
1193:
1174:
1170:
1144:
1138:
1135:Port Jackson
1130:
1128:
1116:James Tuckey
1113:
1105:Sullivan Bay
1102:
1080:
1068:
1055:
1051:
1040:
1031:Dights Falls
1015:James Meehan
1005:
997:
980:Investigator
979:
976:
971:
954:
947:
943:
930:
925:
898:Port Phillip
891:
885:
880:
853:Port Jackson
851:en route to
839:
836:
818:
810:
803:
796:Western Port
781:
771:
748:
734:
727:
687:
678:Port Phillip
671:
659:
640:
613:
539:
515:
513:
422:
343:
338:
177:Constitution
167:Civil rights
147:Antisemitism
118:1945–present
42:
36:
4364:Warrnambool
4314:Ocean Grove
4289:Maryborough
4254:Castlemaine
4079:Gabo Island
4069:Falls Creek
4032:Inner Metro
3807:Rugby union
3601:Alfred Webb
3386:The Mercury
3314:McCaughey,
3300:12 February
2785:"Melbourne"
2522:(1): 1–17.
1832:Crimean War
1574:John Batman
1564:Gunditjmara
1355:John Batman
1258:John Batman
1185:John Batman
1166:Risdon Cove
1145:Lady Nelson
1061:Lord Hobart
1019:Maribyrnong
926:Lady Nelson
904:, explored
893:Lady Nelson
888:John Murray
873:Hogan Group
861:King Island
849:Bass Strait
819:Lady Nelson
813:James Grant
788:George Bass
784:John Hunter
772:Sydney Cove
744:Gabo Island
740:Point Hicks
732:in HM Bark
714:Yarra River
698:Boonwurrung
666:Bass Strait
664:and on the
537:societies.
317:Transgender
212:Immigration
142:Agriculture
54:History of
4483:Queensland
4354:Wangaratta
4334:Shepparton
4234:Bairnsdale
4138:Goldfields
3991:Upper Hume
3984:Lower Hume
3752:Parliament
3737:Government
3433:References
3421:27 January
3393:27 January
3141:1 November
3062:28 January
2559:0522846513
2464:25 January
2389:1 November
2372:Park Notes
2349:17 January
2259:24 January
1919:Federation
1882:See also:
1852:bushranger
1838:Kelly Gang
1688:See also:
1543:See also:
1266:Launceston
1262:John Wedge
1162:John Bowen
1124:Wathaurung
1006:Cumberland
985:Mornington
938:carronades
933:Aboriginal
857:Cape Otway
845:John Black
730:James Cook
694:Woiwurrung
690:Wathaurong
592:See also:
531:Indigenous
520:Australian
387:Queensland
197:Federation
85:Prehistory
4349:Traralgon
4339:Swan Hill
4294:Melbourne
4173:Sunraysia
4131:Bellarine
3926:Grampians
3878:Gippsland
3727:Geography
3712:Education
3637:Q28933779
3629:0081-4776
3621:2262/9103
3587:Q19039311
3562:Q19047891
3270:3 October
3105:cite book
3097:671655666
2956:The Argus
2528:0035-8762
2457:The Argus
2314:The Argus
1926:Melbourne
1921:process.
1864:Melbourne
1855:Ned Kelly
1570:Melbourne
1490:Earl Grey
1427:Cape Howe
1397:coast at
1345:In 1835,
1296:John Hart
1249:Corinella
1241:d'Urville
1234:Corio Bay
1143:HMS
1054:HMS
1023:Braybrook
1004:HMS
993:You Yangs
906:Corio Bay
881:Harbinger
840:Harbinger
817:HMS
735:Endeavour
570:Buninyong
428:Melbourne
331:By region
187:Economics
182:Diplomacy
152:Anzac Day
113:1901–1945
108:1851–1900
103:1788–1850
57:Australia
4598:Category
4498:Victoria
4493:Tasmania
4395:Category
4359:Warragul
4319:Portland
4279:Hamilton
4239:Ballarat
4049:Southern
4043:Northern
3957:Goulburn
3824:Teaching
3762:Politics
3693:Victoria
3633:Wikidata
3583:Wikidata
3571:(1805),
3558:Wikidata
3549:Regiment
3531:(1845).
3355:(1971).
3030:Archived
2636:(1858).
2544:(1996).
2439:6571577M
2321:27 April
2229:Archived
2207:Archived
2185:Archived
2163:Archived
2138:Archived
2116:Archived
1957:See also
1930:Canberra
1821:land tax
1707:Ballarat
1652:') from
1566:people.
1353:(led by
1349:and the
1328:Portland
1131:Calcutta
1109:Sorrento
1069:Calcutta
1056:Calcutta
1047:convicts
843:, under
837:In 1801
718:Balayang
702:kangaroo
662:Tasmania
616:Victoria
574:Ballarat
527:Victoria
454:See also
423:Victoria
411:Tasmania
404:Adelaide
392:Brisbane
356:Canberra
312:Marriage
269:By group
252:Religion
232:Monarchy
227:Military
137:Abortion
4407:Commons
4369:Wodonga
4344:Torquay
4329:Seymour
4309:Morwell
4299:Mildura
4284:Horsham
4274:Geelong
4249:Bendigo
4244:Benalla
4046:Eastern
4039:Western
3843:Regions
3819:Symbols
3797:Cricket
3777:Regions
3742:History
3732:Geology
3707:Economy
3579:Longman
3318:, p. 75
3244:5 April
2995:17 June
2963:17 June
2931:17 June
2903:17 June
2829:17 June
2797:17 June
2765:17 June
2733:17 June
2701:17 June
2611:17 June
2586:17 June
2488:The Age
2431:5345532
1747:typhoid
1723:Bendigo
1711:Bendigo
1395:Pacific
1361:Borders
1245:Darling
1096:Map of
805:Norfolk
651:cranium
641:At the
606:Map of
544:, many
540:Before
344:Capital
157:Banking
4470:States
4419:Portal
4269:Echuca
4264:Drouin
4224:Ararat
4159:Otways
4015:Mallee
3863:Barwon
3812:Soccer
3767:People
3757:Police
3717:Energy
3700:Topics
3635:
3627:
3585:
3560:
3537:
3510:
3492:
3475:
3467:
3449:
3363:
3216:
3095:
3085:
3021:
2671:
2556:
2526:
2437:
2429:
2079:
2060:Keilor
2050:
2030:
2022:
1949:, and
1934:Empire
1764:(the "
1739:Bright
1727:racism
1703:Clunes
1512:, and
1407:Sydney
1399:Moruya
1385:) and
1222:Albury
1158:Hobart
958:under
767:strait
751:Sydney
710:Bunjil
566:Clunes
416:Hobart
380:Darwin
368:Sydney
237:Sports
217:Labour
172:Cinema
131:Topics
4259:Colac
3787:Sport
3554:Smith
3328:Punch
2605:(PDF)
2577:(PDF)
2383:(PDF)
2368:(PDF)
2003:Notes
1802:Punch
1737:near
1387:146°E
1379:141°E
1139:Ocean
1082:Ocean
1029:) to
1027:Yarra
1013:, Mr
910:Kulin
786:sent
523:state
440:Perth
302:Women
4324:Sale
3949:Hume
3722:Flag
3625:ISSN
3508:ISBN
3490:ISBN
3473:ISBN
3465:ISBN
3447:ISBN
3423:2012
3395:2012
3361:ISBN
3302:2008
3272:2005
3246:2019
3214:ISBN
3143:2019
3115:link
3111:link
3093:OCLC
3083:ISBN
3064:2012
3019:ISBN
2997:2020
2965:2020
2933:2020
2905:2020
2831:2020
2799:2019
2767:2020
2735:2020
2703:2019
2669:ISBN
2613:2020
2588:2020
2554:ISBN
2524:ISSN
2466:2012
2427:OCLC
2391:2011
2351:2012
2323:2012
2261:2012
2077:ISBN
2048:ISBN
2028:ISBN
2020:ISBN
1903:1901
1758:1854
1751:1854
1743:1857
1699:gold
1696:1851
1632:and
1375:36°S
1365:The
1063:the
830:off
824:King
794:and
696:and
632:eels
596:and
568:and
533:and
514:The
307:LGBT
222:LGBT
4304:Moe
3845:and
3617:hdl
3607:".
2868:of
1909:by
1808:.
1756:In
1741:in
1694:In
1598:".
1230:Yea
1187:'s
890:in
815:in
572:in
525:of
351:ACT
4600::
3631:.
3623:.
3611:.
3581:,
3556:,
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3502:,
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3383:.
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3107:}}
3103:{{
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2787:.
2755:.
2723:.
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2659:.
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2579:.
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2249:.
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1508:,
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674:BP
657:.
655:BP
647:BP
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