837:, are reported to have offered their testimonies in support of Fatima. By some accounts, Fatima also brought her two sons as witnesses. Abu Bakr, however, did not find their testimonies sufficient to establish the ownership of Fatima, requiring two men or one man and two women as witnesses per Islamic law. Khetia adds here that Fatima might have expected her closeness with Muhammad to strengthen her case. Shias similarly contend that the truthful Fatima would have not claimed something which was not hers. By one Shia account, Ali made this point to Abu Bakr, and added that the burden of proof was on Abu Bakr and not Fatima, whose agents administered the land at the time of the dispute. Sajjadi comments here that possession is the decisive factor in determining ownership in Islamic law. The Sunni
1244:
prerogative by the Banu Hashim might have implied their authority over the community, which is likely why Abu Bakr rejected Fatima's claims. This was the opinion of Jafri, and similar views are voiced by some others, while el-Hibri does not view the saga of Fadak as a mere financial dispute. Aslan suggests that Abu Bakr intended to strip the House of
Muhammad from its privileged status, weaken its political might, and particularly undermine Ali's claim to the caliphate. Aslan also justifies Abu Bakr's efforts as partly rooted in his conviction that the caliphate must reside outside of Muhammad's clan and partly in the personal enmity between Abu Bakr and Ali. Some contemporary authors have noted the poor relations between the two men.
1262:, Fatima reminded the two visitors of Muhammad's words, "Fatima is part of me, and whoever angers her has angered me." The dying Fatima then told the two that they had indeed angered her and that she would soon take her complaint to God and His prophet, Muhammad. There are also Sunni reports that Fatima reconciled with Abu Bakr and mar, though Madelung suggests that they were invented to address the negative implications of Fatima's anger. Fatima died in 11/632, within six months of Muhammad's death. Following her will, she was buried secretly at night. As related by
1039:
back? Do you not read where it says: "And
Sulaiman (Solomon) inherited Dawood (David)?" And when it narrates that story of Zakaria (Zechariah) and says: "So give me an heir as from thyself; (One that) will inherit me, and inherit the posterity of Yaqoob (Jacob)" And: "But kindred by blood have prior rights against each other in the Book of Allah." And: "... if he leaves any goods, that he make a bequest to parents and next of kin, according to reasonable usage; this is due from the pious ones..."
43:
892:. Abu Bakr added that he would administer those properties like Muhammad and that his kin should henceforth rely on general alms, which was forbidden for them in his lifetime because of their status of purity in the Quran. This prohibition is still upheld today by all schools of Islamic jurisprudence. Abu Bakr thus deprived Muhammad's kin also of their Quranic share of the booty and
574:
1079:
In a short exchange after her speech, Abu Bakr maintained that prophets do not leave any inheritance, which he attributed to
Muhammad. Abu Bakr also offered to compensate Fatima from his wealth. Fatima countered that Abu Bakr's claim would imply that Muhammad had abandoned the teachings of the Quran.
1071:
Oh, you people of intellect, you strong supporters of the nation, you who have embraced Islam! What is this shortcoming in defending my right? What is this indifference toward the injustice being done to me? Did not the
Messenger of God, my father, use to say: "Man is preserved through his children."
1038:
O Muslims! Will my inheritance be usurped? O son of Abu
Quhafeh (Abu Bakr)! Where is it in the Book of God (Quran) that you can inherit from your father and I do not inherit mine? Surely you have come up with an unprecedented thing. Do you intentionally abandon the Book of God and cast it behind your
944:
On the other hand, Soufi holds that Abu Bakr is generally regarded as the only credible narrator of this hadith in Sunni sources, adding that similar reports attributed to other companions have been rejected by Sunnis. Along these lines, Sajjadi writes that all (credible) versions of this hadith are
1243:
Madelung suggests that the caliphate of Abu Bakr was inherently inconsistent with maintaining the privileged status of
Muhammad's kin and applying the Quranic rules of inheritance to them. Muhammad had become the owner of Fadak as the leader of the Muslim community. To inherit this property as a
887:
Most likely after Abu Bakr had rejected Fatima's claim of ownership, she demanded her inheritance from the estate of her father. Abu Bakr rejected this too, saying that
Muhammad had disinherited his family, personally telling the former that prophets do not leave inheritance, and what they leave
1225:
Abu Bakr terminated the status of purity of
Muhammad's kin by requiring them to rely on general alms which Muhammad had forbidden for them in his lifetime. At the same time, Abu Bakr allowed the widows of Muhammad to inherit his quarters in Medina, and particularly granted his daughter
797:) who had not yet pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr, or perhaps in retaliation for his exclusion by the Banu Hashim from the funeral rites of Muhammad. The confiscation of Fadak by Abu Bakr is the Shia view. In Sunni sources, the charge of usurpation appears, for instance, in the works of
714:
and belonged to
Muhammad, in line with verse 59:6 of the Quran. There is some evidence that Muhammad gifted his share of Fadak to Fatima in Medina when verse 17:26 was revealed, and her agents managed the property when Muhammad was alive. This is the view of Shia authors, including
965:
both left inheritance. These ostensible contradictions with the Quran have also been noted by some contemporary authors. Nevertheless, Soufi writes that Abu Bakr's testimony is strong enough for Sunnis to make an exception to the
Quranic rules of inheritance.
1162:
through a Shia chain of transmission. Ibn Abi Tayfur writes that the speech is well-known among the Shia, who also transmitted it orally from generation to generation. He also notes that Sunnis reject the attribution of the speech to Fatima.
1230:
some properties in the Aliya part of Medina and in Bahrain. By maintaining their status, Abu Bakr might have signaled to the Muslim community that his daughter Aisha and the rest of the widows were the true heirs of Muhammad, according to
781:) are uncertain whether the verse was revealed to Muhammad in Medina. The revenue of Fadak largely supported needy travelers, the poor, military expeditions, and Muhammad's family, who were forbidden from receiving general alms.
2637:
996:
reports that Fatima then rejected the authority of Abu Bakr in favor of Ali and criticized Muslims for reverting after Muhammad's death to what she described as their pre-Islamic habits. She considered her husband
2495:
986:. Then she continued with an overview of Islam's teachings and the purposes that they each serve. This first part of her speech is quoted often as religious teachings in the literature of
1072:
How quickly you have acted against him and how soon you have plotted against us! You have the capability to help me in my attempt and the power to influence my plea and goal.
957:
reject the authenticity of the hadith of inheritance based on their own traditions, claiming also that it contradicts the Quran, where verses 19:6 and 27:16 describe how
1256:. There are also some accounts that Abu Bakr and his ally Umar visited Fatima on her deathbed to apologize, which Madelung considers self-incriminatory. As reported in
1076:
Fatima accused those present of turning their back on Islam by quoting verse 3:144, which includes the sentence, "So if he dies or is slain, will you turn back?"
1059:
The last sentence above is a direct reference to the Quran (26:227), and such Quranic references are a recurring theme in her speech. Fatima then addressed the
1014:
Based on this source, Fatima then chastised Abu Bakr for denying her right of inheritance to Fadak, which she considered to be in violation of the Quran and
2672:
Kassam, Zayn; Blomfield, Bridget (2015). "Remembering Fatima and Zaynab: Gender in Perspective". In Daftary, Farhad; Sajoo, Amyn; Jiwa, Shainool (eds.).
1055:
Shall my inheritance be wrested from me in a tyrannical and oppressive manner? For soon, those who commit injustice will find out what they return to!
1080:
She later visited her father's grave and lamented the recent events which, she exclaimed, would have left Muhammad speechless had he witnessed them.
888:
behind is public property that should be administered by the caliph. Abu Bakr was initially the sole witness to this statement, referred to as the
833:) relates that Fatima objected to Abu Bakr, saying that Fadak was a gift from her father. Her husband Ali and a maid at Muhammad's house, named
1252:
Some sources report that Fatima never reconciled with Abu Bakr, partly based on a tradition to this effect in the canonical Sunni collection
602:
1286:
2691:
Klemm, Verena (2005). "Image Formation of an Islamic Legend: Fātima, the Daughter of the Prophet Muhammad". In Günther, Sebastian (ed.).
889:
2738:
2603:
2508:
2816:
2797:
2778:
2759:
2700:
2681:
2662:
2626:
2580:
2557:
2519:
2484:
2452:
2430:
716:
1209:, a collection of speeches and sayings attributed to Ali. The lengthiest and most elaborate version of Fatima's speech appears in
793:, Abu Bakr is said to have seized Fadak from Fatima, and evicted her agents, possibly as a show of authority to Muhammad's clan (
209:
67:
1213:, a sixth-century AH collection of Shia hadiths. Yet another version has a chain of transmission originating with the Shia Imam
2880:
2875:
2520:"May You Learn From Their Model: The Exemplary Father-Daughter Relationship of Mohammad and Fatima in South Asian Shiʿism"
2870:
403:
1152:
727:
219:
87:
82:
2860:
422:
224:
1181:) provides a short version of the sermon with a complete Sunni chain of transmission. The sermon also appears in
950:
922:
654:
In her remarks, Fatima also chastised Abu Bakr for denying her right of inheritance to the agricultural lands of
323:
92:
2865:
2591:
1217:. According to Soufi, the main difference between these versions is in Abu Bakr's response to Fatima's speech.
595:
550:
142:
77:
760:
520:
1298:
485:
129:
99:
72:
898:, in verses 8:41 and 59:7, respectively, to which they were previously entitled instead of general alms.
2826:
2717:
1258:
1002:
861:
648:
214:
204:
197:
174:
313:
308:
2568:
2474:
798:
668:
535:
500:
357:
244:
179:
109:
953:, though some primary sources have disputed the status of the last one as a companion of Muhammad.
930:
588:
515:
452:
124:
104:
25:
2650:
1027:
958:
859:, who tore up the deed written by Abu Bakr. Other versions of this last account are collected in
62:
1193:
987:
954:
869:
643:
for descending to what she described as their pre-Islamic habits. Fatima considered her husband
2812:
2793:
2790:
Female Personalities in the Qur'an and Sunna: Examining the Major Sources of Imami Shi'i Islam
2774:
2755:
2734:
2696:
2677:
2658:
2622:
2599:
2576:
2553:
2480:
2448:
2426:
1214:
1171:
1151:
contains two narrations: The short one is attributed to Zayd ibn Ali, a companion of the Shia
1005:. About the Saqifa affair, Fatima said that people did what they did out of fear of disorder (
855:) relate that Abu Bakr finally agreed to return Fadak to Fatima but was dissuaded by his ally
838:
578:
545:
510:
442:
269:
239:
2547:
941:, who are both reported to have vehemently disputed this claim of Abu Bakr in other sources.
921:) furnishes the hadith of inheritance with two chains of transmission which include numerous
2838:
2693:
Ideas, Images, and Methods of Portrayal: Insights into Classical Arabic Literature and Islam
2534:
2440:
1274:
1019:
975:
620:
555:
530:
447:
1034:. Fatima also quoted verses 8:75 and 33:6 about the rights of every Muslim to inheritance:
1018:(prophetic precedence). To support her claim, she quoted verse 27:16 of the Quran in which
1292:
1205:
1159:
495:
340:
2833:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
249:
2614:
2749:
2549:
Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini
1031:
1023:
962:
560:
462:
398:
330:
2830:
2854:
2842:
1060:
457:
318:
303:
823:
505:
335:
234:
866:
42:
2573:
Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopaedia of the Prophet of God
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2463:
1155:
934:
911:
809:
794:
673:
435:
350:
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229:
184:
169:
164:
154:
119:
1232:
771:
749:
681:
490:
262:
33:
2711:
2538:
666:(prophetic precedence). Among others sources, the Sermon of Fadak appears in
1273:), her dying wish was that Abu Bakr should not attend the funeral. Fatima's
1263:
1044:
938:
834:
790:
738:
525:
410:
284:
1120:), there are multiple versions of this speech. The earliest one appears in
1043:
Fatima then accused Abu Bakr of injustice, alongside his ally Umar and the
1001:
to be the rightful successor of Muhammad, referring to his announcement at
647:
to be the rightful successor of Muhammad, referring to his announcement at
990:, where Fatima is viewed as an infallible possessor of divine knowledge.
983:
636:
632:
415:
388:
374:
114:
573:
2592:"FATIMA (AL-ZAHRA') BINT MUHAMMAD (CA. 12 BEFORE HIJRA-11/CA. 610-632)"
640:
291:
279:
274:
635:, shortly after his death in 632 CE. In this sermon, Fatima protested
1064:
1015:
926:
704:, at a distance of two days travel. As part of a peace treaty with a
701:
663:
628:
624:
540:
480:
383:
364:
159:
149:
57:
2771:
Parable and Politics in Early Islamic History: The Rashidun Caliphs
2751:
The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam
1227:
1048:
946:
697:
659:
655:
393:
369:
1030:
prays for a son who would inherit from him and from the House of
2465:
Fatima as a Motif of Contention and Suffering in Islamic Sources
856:
705:
1517:
1515:
1513:
998:
644:
974:
In protest, Fatima is said to have delivered a speech at the
708:
tribe, half of the agricultural land of Fadak was considered
684:, though its attribution to Fatima is rejected by the Sunni.
2731:
Early Shi'i Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir
933:. In particular, he includes in these chains some prominent
2476:
No god but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam
2445:
The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate
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1465:
1408:
1406:
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1450:
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1952:
1950:
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1804:
1728:
1726:
2619:
The Princeton encyclopedia of Islamic political thought
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2110:
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1967:
1965:
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1906:
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Muslims) and criticized them for their indifference:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
2674:
The Shi'i World: Pathways in Tradition and Modernity
1425:
1423:
1421:
1006:
982:, Fatima began with praise for God and His prophet,
945:
narrated from Abu Bakr, his ally Umar, his daughter
893:
709:
619:(Arabic: الخطبة الفدكية) refers to a speech at the
2571:. In Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (eds.).
789:Following Muhammad's death in 632 and early in his
672:, an anthology of eloquent speeches by women. The
2423:The prophet's heir: The life of Ali ibn Abi Talib
658:, which she considered to be in violation of the
2713:The Image of Fatima in Classical Muslim Thought
2380:
1521:
1069:
1053:
1036:
680:writes that the speech is well-known among the
2596:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia
1011:) but ended up falling into disorder anyway.
2621:. Princeton University Press. pp. 30–2.
978:, known as the Sermon of Fadak. As quoted in
596:
8:
2510:Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam
1456:
1125:
1105:
1089:
1158:. The more elaborate one is attributed to
603:
589:
18:
2644:(Third ed.). Brill Reference Online.
2575:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 182–7.
1397:
2655:Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions
2266:
2210:
2198:
2126:
2097:
1822:
1747:
1589:
2249:
1700:
1366:
1314:
21:
2809:A Concise History of Sunnis and Shi'is
2676:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 210.
2368:
2344:
2317:
2302:
2278:
2222:
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2150:
2058:
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2022:
2010:
1998:
1983:
1971:
1956:
1939:
1927:
1912:
1861:
1846:
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1759:
1646:
1631:
1619:
1604:
1554:
1504:
1483:
1471:
1429:
1412:
1378:
700:was a village located to the north of
639:succession to Muhammad and criticized
2404:
2392:
2356:
2332:
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2234:
2174:
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2138:
2114:
2082:
2070:
1897:
1885:
1873:
1834:
1810:
1783:
1732:
1717:
1685:
1673:
1658:
1566:
1542:
1441:
7:
2716:(PhD thesis). Princeton University.
2636:Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (2022).
14:
1235:. Madelung holds a similar view.
1203:) in his extensive commentary of
2843:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2218
1088:Also known as Khutbat al-Zahra (
890:hadith of Muhammad's inheritance
883:Hadith of Muhammad's inheritance
572:
41:
2811:. Georgetown University Press.
2468:(Thesis). Concordia University.
1170:, the famed Twelver theologian
2617:. In Bowering, Gerhard (ed.).
2598:. Routledge. pp. 248–50.
2447:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
2773:. Columbia University Press.
2710:Soufi, Denise Louise (1997).
2527:Journal of Persianate Studies
1277:in Medina remains uncertain.
2498:. In Daftary, Farhad (ed.).
1268:
1198:
1187:
1176:
1142:
916:
874:
850:
843:
828:
814:
803:
776:
765:
754:
743:
732:
721:
404:Bektashism and folk religion
2695:. Brill. pp. 181–208.
2653:. In de-Gaia, Susan (ed.).
2594:. In Meri, Josef W. (ed.).
2567:Buehler, Arthur F. (2014).
2381:Kassam & Blomfield 2015
1007:
925:of Muhammad, such as Umar,
894:
882:
848:) and the Shia al-Tabrisi (
710:
2897:
2748:Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2014).
2729:Lalani, Arzina R. (2000).
2649:Fedele, Valentina (2018).
2590:Qutbuddin, Tahera (2006).
1135:eloquent speeches by women
759:) are of this view, while
16:Sermon of Fatima in Medina
2754:. Oneworld Publications.
2613:Anthony, Sean W. (2013).
2502:. Brill Reference Online.
2425:. Yale University Press.
2213:, pp. 42, 52, 213–4.
1022:inherits from his father
951:Malik ibn Aus Al-Hadathan
910:, the Sunni traditionist
2769:El-Hibri, Tayeb (2010).
2657:. ABC-CLIO. p. 56.
2651:"FATIMA (605/15-632 CE)"
2539:10.1163/187471611X568267
1287:Attack on Fatima's house
1185:by Abu Bakr al-Jawhari (
822:Among others, the Sunni
633:Islamic prophet Muhammad
551:Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim
2494:Sajjadi, Sadeq (2018).
1026:, and verse 19:6 where
2835:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2788:Osman, Rawand (2014).
2642:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2546:Mavani, Hamid (2013).
2518:Ruffle, Karen (2011).
2500:Encyclopaedia Islamica
2462:Khetia, Vinay (2013).
2421:Abbas, Hassan (2021).
2281:, pp. 30, 31, 35.
1299:Succession to Muhammad
1220:
1099:the speech of al-Zahra
1074:
1057:
1041:
486:Khadija bint Khuwaylid
73:Succession to Muhammad
2881:History of Shia Islam
2807:McHugo, John (2018).
2507:Jafri, S.H.M (1979).
1259:al-Imama wa al-siyasa
1140:) by Ibn Abi Tayfur (
970:Content of the sermon
862:Sharh nahj al-balagha
799:Ibn Hajar al-Haythami
785:Confiscation of Fadak
579:Shia Islam portal
205:Verse of purification
52:Beliefs and practices
2876:7th-century speeches
2473:Aslan, Reza (2011).
1522:Veccia Vaglieri 2012
501:Umm Kulthum bint Ali
180:Mourning of Muharram
110:Mourning of Muharram
2871:Islamic terminology
2837:(Second ed.).
2827:Veccia Vaglieri, L.
1786:, pp. 99, 100.
1115:the words of Fatima
1104:) or Kalam Fatima (
908:al-Tabaqat al-kubra
516:Ruqayya bint Husayn
423:Extinct Shi'a sects
143:Days of remembrance
130:Arbaʽeen Pilgrimage
125:The Four Companions
2615:"Ali b. Abi Talib"
2513:. London: Longman.
1942:, pp. 15, 26.
1888:, pp. 81, 95.
1762:, pp. 19, 20.
1569:, p. 146n145.
1474:, pp. 50, 53.
1415:, pp. 50, 52.
937:, such as Ali and
631:, daughter of the
336:Atba-i-Malak Bohra
263:Branches and sects
210:Two weighty things
2861:7th-century Islam
2569:"FATIMA (d. 632)"
2441:Madelung, Wilferd
2407:, pp. 184–5.
2395:, pp. 103–4.
2165:, pp. 104–5.
2037:, p. 56, 57.
1661:, pp. 102–3.
1381:, pp. 116–7.
1221:Muhammad's widows
1215:Muhammad al-Baqir
1172:Sharif al-Murtaza
1168:Shafi fi al-imama
1149:Balaghat al-nisa'
1122:Balaghat al-nisa'
994:Balaghat al-nisa'
980:Balaghat al-nisa'
839:Sibt ibn al-Jawzi
737:). Among Sunnis,
669:Balaghat al-nisa'
613:
612:
546:Fatimah bint Asad
511:Fatima bint Hasan
240:Battle of Karbala
2888:
2846:
2822:
2803:
2784:
2765:
2744:
2733:. I. B. Tauris.
2725:
2706:
2687:
2668:
2645:
2632:
2609:
2586:
2563:
2542:
2524:
2514:
2503:
2490:
2479:. Random House.
2469:
2458:
2436:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2347:, pp. 25–6.
2342:
2336:
2330:
2321:
2320:, pp. 35–6.
2315:
2306:
2305:, pp. 30–1.
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
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2264:
2253:
2247:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2177:, pp. 21–2.
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2129:, pp. 50–1.
2124:
2118:
2112:
2101:
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2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
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2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1960:
1954:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1930:, pp. 52–3.
1925:
1916:
1910:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1813:, pp. 98–9.
1808:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1736:
1735:, pp. 95–6.
1730:
1721:
1715:
1704:
1698:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1608:
1607:, pp. 18–9.
1602:
1593:
1587:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1525:
1519:
1508:
1502:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1460:
1457:Amir-Moezzi 2022
1454:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1416:
1410:
1401:
1395:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1272:
1270:
1254:Sahih al-Bukhari
1202:
1200:
1192:) and quoted by
1191:
1189:
1180:
1178:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1010:
976:Prophet's Mosque
920:
918:
897:
878:
876:
854:
852:
847:
845:
832:
830:
818:
816:
807:
805:
780:
778:
769:
767:
758:
756:
747:
745:
736:
734:
725:
723:
713:
621:Prophet's Mosque
605:
598:
591:
577:
576:
556:Ruqayya bint Ali
531:Fatima bint Musa
45:
36:
30:
29:
19:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2866:Islamic sermons
2851:
2850:
2849:
2825:
2819:
2806:
2800:
2787:
2781:
2768:
2762:
2747:
2741:
2728:
2709:
2703:
2690:
2684:
2671:
2665:
2648:
2635:
2629:
2612:
2606:
2589:
2583:
2566:
2560:
2545:
2522:
2517:
2506:
2493:
2487:
2472:
2461:
2455:
2439:
2433:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2403:
2399:
2391:
2387:
2379:
2375:
2367:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2343:
2339:
2331:
2324:
2316:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2256:
2248:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2173:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2113:
2104:
2096:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1860:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1724:
1716:
1707:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1611:
1603:
1596:
1588:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1528:
1520:
1511:
1507:, p. 47-9.
1503:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1463:
1455:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1419:
1411:
1404:
1396:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1283:
1267:
1250:
1241:
1223:
1206:Nahj al-balagha
1197:
1194:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid
1186:
1183:Kitab al-saqifa
1175:
1160:Zaynab bint Ali
1141:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1086:
972:
915:
904:
885:
873:
870:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid
849:
842:
827:
813:
802:
787:
775:
764:
753:
742:
731:
720:
695:
690:
627:, delivered by
617:Sermon of Fadak
609:
571:
566:
565:
496:Zaynab bint Ali
476:
468:
467:
438:
428:
427:
341:Sulaymani Bohra
265:
255:
254:
225:Fatimah's house
200:
190:
189:
145:
135:
134:
53:
32:
31:
23:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2894:
2892:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2823:
2817:
2804:
2798:
2785:
2779:
2766:
2760:
2745:
2740:978-1860644344
2739:
2726:
2707:
2701:
2688:
2682:
2669:
2663:
2646:
2638:"Ghadir Khumm"
2633:
2627:
2610:
2605:978-0415966900
2604:
2587:
2581:
2564:
2558:
2543:
2515:
2504:
2491:
2485:
2470:
2459:
2453:
2437:
2431:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2397:
2385:
2383:, p. 212.
2373:
2361:
2359:, p. 104.
2349:
2337:
2335:, p. 103.
2322:
2307:
2295:
2283:
2271:
2254:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2203:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2155:
2153:, p. 116.
2143:
2131:
2119:
2117:, p. 122.
2102:
2087:
2085:, p. 109.
2075:
2073:, p. 106.
2063:
2051:
2039:
2027:
2015:
2003:
1988:
1976:
1961:
1959:, p. 117.
1944:
1932:
1917:
1902:
1900:, p. 108.
1890:
1878:
1876:, p. 123.
1866:
1851:
1839:
1837:, p. 100.
1827:
1825:, p. 360.
1815:
1800:
1788:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1737:
1722:
1720:, p. 121.
1705:
1703:, p. 186.
1690:
1688:, p. 101.
1678:
1676:, p. 121.
1663:
1651:
1636:
1624:
1609:
1594:
1571:
1559:
1547:
1545:, p. 102.
1526:
1509:
1488:
1476:
1461:
1446:
1444:, p. 107.
1434:
1417:
1402:
1400:, p. 249.
1398:Qutbuddin 2006
1383:
1371:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1293:Book of Fatima
1289:
1282:
1279:
1249:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1222:
1219:
1085:
1082:
971:
968:
903:
900:
884:
881:
786:
783:
694:
691:
689:
686:
611:
610:
608:
607:
600:
593:
585:
582:
581:
568:
567:
564:
563:
561:Sayyida Nafisa
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
536:Hakimah Khātūn
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
439:
434:
433:
430:
429:
426:
425:
420:
419:
418:
413:
408:
407:
406:
396:
391:
381:
380:
379:
378:
377:
372:
362:
361:
360:
355:
354:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
331:Hebtiahs Bohra
328:
327:
326:
301:
300:
299:
289:
288:
287:
282:
277:
266:
261:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
201:
196:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
146:
141:
140:
137:
136:
133:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
96:
95:
90:
85:
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
51:
50:
47:
46:
38:
37:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2893:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2818:9781626165885
2814:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2799:9781317671503
2795:
2792:. Routledge.
2791:
2786:
2782:
2780:9780231521659
2776:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2761:9781780746746
2757:
2753:
2752:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2708:
2704:
2702:9789047407263
2698:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2683:9780857729675
2679:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2664:9781440848506
2660:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2628:9780691134840
2624:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2582:9781610691772
2578:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2559:9780415624404
2555:
2552:. Routledge.
2551:
2550:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2486:9780812982442
2482:
2478:
2477:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2456:
2454:0-521-64696-0
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2432:9780300252057
2428:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2406:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2374:
2371:, p. 82.
2370:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2293:, p. 96.
2292:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2269:, p. 52.
2268:
2267:Madelung 1997
2263:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2252:, p. 31.
2251:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2237:, p. 94.
2236:
2231:
2228:
2225:, p. 39.
2224:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2211:Madelung 1997
2207:
2204:
2200:
2199:El-Hibri 2010
2195:
2192:
2189:, p. 23.
2188:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2144:
2141:, p. 47.
2140:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2127:Madelung 1997
2123:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2100:, p. 51.
2099:
2098:Madelung 1997
2094:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2061:, p. 58.
2060:
2055:
2052:
2049:, p. 57.
2048:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2025:, p. 56.
2024:
2019:
2016:
2013:, p. 55.
2012:
2007:
2004:
2001:, p. 27.
2000:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1986:, p. 54.
1985:
1980:
1977:
1974:, p. 53.
1973:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1915:, p. 52.
1914:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1864:, p. 51.
1863:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1849:, p. 25.
1848:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1823:Madelung 1997
1819:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1798:, p. 20.
1797:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1774:, p. 21.
1773:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1750:, p. 14.
1749:
1748:Madelung 1997
1744:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1649:, p. 26.
1648:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1634:, p. 27.
1633:
1628:
1625:
1622:, p. 41.
1621:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1592:, p. 50.
1591:
1590:Madelung 1997
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1557:, p. 26.
1556:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1486:, p. 47.
1485:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1247:
1245:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1201: 656 AH
1195:
1190: 323 AH
1184:
1179: 436 AH
1173:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1145: 279 AH
1123:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
969:
967:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
942:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
913:
909:
901:
899:
896:
891:
880:
871:
868:
864:
863:
858:
853: 1153-4
846: 1256-7
840:
836:
825:
820:
811:
800:
796:
792:
784:
782:
773:
762:
751:
740:
729:
718:
712:
707:
703:
699:
692:
687:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
606:
601:
599:
594:
592:
587:
586:
584:
583:
580:
575:
570:
569:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
478:
472:
471:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
437:
432:
431:
424:
421:
417:
414:
412:
409:
405:
402:
401:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
386:
385:
382:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
366:
363:
359:
356:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
325:
322:
321:
320:
319:Dawoodi Bohra
317:
316:
315:
312:
311:
310:
307:
306:
305:
302:
298:
295:
294:
293:
290:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
272:
271:
268:
267:
264:
259:
258:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
202:
199:
194:
193:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
175:Eid al-Ghadir
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
144:
139:
138:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
49:
48:
44:
40:
39:
35:
27:
20:
2834:
2808:
2789:
2770:
2750:
2730:
2712:
2692:
2673:
2654:
2641:
2618:
2595:
2572:
2548:
2530:
2526:
2509:
2499:
2475:
2464:
2444:
2422:
2400:
2388:
2376:
2364:
2352:
2340:
2298:
2286:
2274:
2250:Anthony 2013
2230:
2218:
2206:
2201:, p. 9.
2194:
2182:
2170:
2158:
2146:
2134:
2122:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2042:
2030:
2018:
2006:
1979:
1935:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1842:
1830:
1818:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1755:
1701:Buehler 2014
1681:
1654:
1627:
1562:
1550:
1479:
1437:
1374:
1367:Sajjadi 2018
1291:
1275:burial place
1257:
1253:
1251:
1242:
1224:
1210:
1204:
1182:
1167:
1165:
1148:
1121:
1087:
1084:Authenticity
1078:
1075:
1070:
1058:
1054:
1042:
1037:
1013:
1003:Ghadir Khumm
993:
992:
988:Twelver Shia
979:
973:
943:
907:
905:
902:Authenticity
886:
860:
824:al-Baladhuri
821:
788:
696:
677:
667:
653:
649:Ghadir Khumm
616:
614:
506:Umm al-Banin
235:Second Fitna
115:Intercession
105:Judgment Day
2369:Khetia 2013
2345:Khetia 2013
2318:Khetia 2013
2303:Khetia 2013
2279:Khetia 2013
2223:McHugo 2018
2187:Lalani 2000
2151:Mavani 2013
2059:Khetia 2013
2047:Khetia 2013
2035:Khetia 2013
2023:Khetia 2013
2011:Khetia 2013
1999:Ruffle 2011
1984:Khetia 2013
1972:Khetia 2013
1957:Mavani 2013
1940:Ruffle 2011
1928:Khetia 2013
1913:Khetia 2013
1862:Khetia 2013
1847:Ruffle 2011
1796:Khetia 2013
1772:Khetia 2013
1760:Khetia 2013
1647:Khetia 2013
1632:Khetia 2013
1620:McHugo 2018
1605:Khetia 2013
1555:Ruffle 2011
1505:Khetia 2013
1484:Khetia 2013
1472:Khetia 2013
1430:Fedele 2018
1413:Khetia 2013
1379:Mavani 2013
1156:Ali al-Hadi
877: 1258
867:Mu'tazilite
806: 1566
795:Banu Hashim
779: 1373
768: 1078
757: 1348
746: 1505
436:Ahl al-Kisa
351:Qutbi Bohra
346:Alavi Bohra
324:Progressive
250:Persecution
230:First Fitna
185:Omar Koshan
170:Eid al-Adha
165:Eid al-Fitr
68:Prophethood
2855:Categories
2405:Klemm 2005
2393:Abbas 2021
2357:Abbas 2021
2333:Abbas 2021
2291:Soufi 1997
2235:Abbas 2021
2175:Ayoub 2014
2163:Soufi 1997
2139:Jafri 1979
2115:Aslan 2011
2083:Soufi 1997
2071:Soufi 1997
1898:Soufi 1997
1886:Abbas 2021
1874:Osman 2014
1835:Soufi 1997
1811:Soufi 1997
1784:Soufi 1997
1733:Soufi 1997
1718:Aslan 2011
1686:Soufi 1997
1674:Osman 2014
1659:Soufi 1997
1567:Osman 2014
1543:Abbas 2021
1442:Soufi 1997
1305:References
1271: 923
1211:al-Ihtijaj
1051:Muslims):
935:Hashimites
923:companions
919: 845
831: 892
817: 845
772:Ibn Kathir
761:al-Jurjani
750:al-Dhahabi
735: 932
728:al-Ayyashi
724: 941
717:al-Kulayni
688:Background
676:author of
637:Abu Bakr's
491:Umm Salama
475:Holy women
63:Holy Books
58:Monotheism
34:Shia Islam
2722:304390529
2533:: 12–29.
1310:Citations
1264:al-Tabari
1248:Aftermath
1045:Muhajirun
1028:Zechariah
959:Zechariah
939:Ibn Abbas
835:Umm Aiman
791:caliphate
739:al-Suyuti
526:Shahrbanu
411:Qizilbash
2829:(2012).
2718:ProQuest
2443:(1997).
1281:See also
1239:Politics
984:Muhammad
955:Twelvers
912:Ibn Sa'd
810:Ibn Sa'd
678:Balaghat
443:Muhammad
399:Bektashi
375:Satpanth
309:Musta'li
304:Isma'ili
215:Mubahala
155:Arba'een
26:a series
24:Part of
2831:"Fadak"
2496:"Fadak"
2414:Sources
1166:In his
1129:
1109:
1093:
1065:Medinan
1020:Solomon
906:In his
865:by the
641:Muslims
314:Tayyibi
285:Shaykhi
275:Akhbari
270:Ja'fari
198:History
88:Twelver
83:Ismaili
78:Imamate
2815:
2796:
2777:
2758:
2737:
2720:
2699:
2680:
2661:
2625:
2602:
2579:
2556:
2483:
2451:
2429:
1049:Meccan
949:, and
931:Zubayr
929:, and
927:Uthman
808:) and
770:) and
748:) and
726:) and
706:Jewish
702:Medina
629:Fatima
625:Medina
541:Narjis
481:Fatima
463:Husayn
453:Fatima
416:Ishiki
384:Ghulat
365:Nizari
358:Hafizi
297:Houthi
245:Origin
160:Mawlid
150:Ashura
120:Clergy
100:Angels
2523:(PDF)
1233:Aslan
1228:Aisha
1061:Ansar
1032:Jacob
1024:David
1016:Sunna
1008:fitna
963:David
947:Aisha
698:Fadak
693:Fadak
674:Sunni
664:Sunna
660:Quran
656:Fadak
521:Rubab
458:Hasan
394:Alevi
389:Alawi
370:Khoja
292:Zaydi
280:Usuli
220:Khumm
93:Zaydi
2813:ISBN
2794:ISBN
2775:ISBN
2756:ISBN
2735:ISBN
2697:ISBN
2678:ISBN
2659:ISBN
2623:ISBN
2600:ISBN
2577:ISBN
2554:ISBN
2481:ISBN
2449:ISBN
2427:ISBN
1153:Imam
1126:lit.
1106:lit.
1090:lit.
961:and
879:).
857:Umar
682:Shia
662:and
615:The
2839:doi
2535:doi
1147:).
999:Ali
895:fay
819:).
711:fay
651:.
645:Ali
623:in
448:Ali
2857::
2640:.
2529:.
2525:.
2325:^
2310:^
2257:^
2242:^
2105:^
2090:^
1991:^
1964:^
1947:^
1920:^
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1854:^
1803:^
1740:^
1725:^
1708:^
1693:^
1666:^
1639:^
1612:^
1597:^
1574:^
1529:^
1512:^
1491:^
1464:^
1449:^
1420:^
1405:^
1386:^
1317:^
1269:d.
1199:d.
1188:d.
1177:d.
1143:d.
917:d.
875:d.
851:d.
844:d.
829:d.
815:d.
804:d.
777:d.
766:d.
755:d.
744:d.
733:d.
722:d.
28:on
2845:.
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741:(
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604:e
597:t
590:v
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