31:
836:
353:
808:
794:
412:
780:
822:
95:
Professor Étienne Van de Walle gave a slightly later date, writing that "The formation of the Sereer ethnicity goes back to the thirteenth century, when a group came from the
Senegal River valley in the north fleeing Islam, and near Niakhar met another group of Mandinka origin, called the Gelwar, who
86:
According to Galvan (2004), "The oral historical record, written accounts by early Arab and
European explorers, and physical anthropological evidence suggest that the various Serer peoples migrated south from the Fuuta Tooro region (Senegal River valley) beginning around the eleventh century, when
534:
suggests although dates in the early 13th century (and others say 12th century) are usually ascribed to this king and the founding of the empire, a more likely scenario is "that the rise of the empire was associated with the growth of Wolof power at the expense of the ancient
Sudanese state of
519:
rather than Wolof, emphasizing once again his character as a stranger of noble origins." Njaajan Njie was the founder of the first Wolof kingdom and claimed by the Wolof as their ancestor. On the topic of his origins, Sallah adds that "Some say that Njajan Njai was a mysterious person of
243:
migrants entered the area. They were led by a matrilineal clan known as the
Gelwaar. Here they encountered the Serer, who had already established a system of lamanic authorities, and established a Gelwaar led state with its capital in or near a Serer lamanic estate centred at
720:
and elsewhere. They are more numerous in
Senegal than in Gambia and Mauritania. Though traditionally mixed-farmers, boat builders and land owners, the Serers are found in all major professions including politics, medicine, literature, commerce, law, agriculture, etc.
145:
only affected those Serers living in Tekrur at the time. It did not apply to all Serer people. The Serer people are very diverse and spread throughout the
Senegambia founding towns and villages, the Serer names of these towns and villages still remain today.
91:
speaking herders originally, migrated through Wolof areas and entered the Siin and Saluum river valleys. This lengthy period of Wolof-Serer contact has left us unsure of the origins of shared "terminology, institutions, political structures, and practices."
2352:"Research in African literatures", Volume 37. University of Texas at Austin. African and Afro-American Studies and Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, African and Afro-American Studies and Research Center, University of Texas (at Austin) (2006)
1928:
Diouf, Niokhobaye, "Chronique du royaume du Sine", (Sénégal), Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par
Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4,
626:
Maba
Diakhou, a rather charismatic leader in the Marabout sect saw the propagation of Islam in Senegambia and an Islamic empire as his divine mission. Although he did not achieve an Islamic empire, he had managed to conquer several villages in
1466:
507:. Traditional stories of the ancestry of this leader vary. One suggests that he was "the first and only son of a noble and saintly Arab father Abdu Darday and a "Tukuler" woman, Fatamatu Sail." This gives him an
1643:
Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources Ă©crites concernant le royaume du Sine par
Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972). (pp 727–729, pp
2422:
Ubink, Janine M; Hoekema, André J; & Assies, Willem J, "Legalising Land Rights: Local
Practices, State Responses and Tenure Security in Africa, Asia and Latin America", Amsterdam University Press, 2010.
2041:
30:
1955:
Gamble,David P., & Salmon, Linda K. (with Alhaji Hassan Njie), Gambian Studies No. 17. "People of The Gambia. I. The Wolof" (with notes on the Serer and the Lebou), San Francisco 1985
2398:, "La Religiosité des Sereer, Avant et Pendant Leur Islamisation", Éthiopiques, No: 54, Revue Semestrielle de Culture Négro-Africaine. Nouvelle Série, Volume 7, 2e Semestre 1991.
1502:
2079:, & Leichtman, Mara, "New perspectives on Islam in Senegal: conversion, migration, wealth, power, and femininity", Palgrave Macmillan (2009), the University of Michigan,
151:...the Serer traversed vast expanses of territory during pre-colonial times and saw the entire region as their home, as their history of migration in the area clearly shows
2365:
Senate (U.S) Committee on Foreign Relations, "Annual Report on International Religious Freedom", (2004), Compiled by State Dept. (U.S.), Government Printing Office (2005),
96:
were coming from the southeast (Gravrand 1983). The actual Sereer ethnic group is a mixture of the two groups, and this may explain their complex bilinear kinship system".
363:
651:
Although by the end of the twentieth century most Serer had converted to Islam (about 85% by the 1990s), Serer people's medieval to 19th century history in resisting
2302:
Hindson, Ed & Caner, Ergun, "The Popular Encyclopedia of Apologetics: Surveying the Evidence for the Truth of Christianity", Harvest House Publishers (2008)
2342:
Johnson, G. Wesley, "The emergence of Black politics in Senegal: the struggle for power in the four communes, 1900-1920", Stanford University Press (1971),
1291:(Sénégal), (introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker), in Bulletin de l'IFAN, tome 46, série B, nos 3–4, 1986–1987. p 19. See also :
2158:
Galvan, Dennis C., "The state must be our master of fire: how peasants craft sustainable development in Senegal", University of California Press (2004),
2355:
Lipschutz, Mark R., & Rasmussen, R. Kent, "Dictionary of African historical biography", p 128, 2nd Edition, University of California Press (1989),
2251:
Taal, Ebou Momar, "Senegambian Ethnic Groups:" Common Origins and Cultural Affinities Factors and Forces of National Unity, Peace and Stability, (2010)
1560:
1981:
Hopkins, J. F. P., Levtzion, Nehemia, "Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history" ("al-'Umari in Levtzion and Hopkins," eds. and trans.
305:
reported an oral tradition describing what he called the "Battle of Troubang", a dynastic war between the two maternal royal houses of Ă‘aanco and the
283:
into Serer culture, he was elected and crowned the firstking of Sine in (1350). His sisters and nieces were married off to the Serer nobility and the
3031:
1995:
Hopkins, J. F. P., & Levtzion, Nehemia, "Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History", Cambridge University Press (1981). (Scholar)
3046:
2254:
Foltz, William J., "From French West Africa to the Mali Federation", Volume 12 of Yale studies in political science, Yale University Press (1965)
2018:
Holt, Peter Malcolm, "The Indian Sub-continent, south-East Asia, Africa and the Muslim West", Vol. 2, Part 1, Cambridge University Press (1977),
279:) – (reigned 1350) was the first Guelowar king of Sine. Having served for several years as legal advisor to The Great Council of Lamans and
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3041:
3026:
3021:
2455:
620:
260:
2163:
1572:
1478:
1449:
1422:
1256:
966:
3146:
1925:, "Histoire du Sine-Saloum", (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986-1987
259:
to the Guelwar women created the Serer paternal dynasties and a Guelowar maternal dynasty. According to Serer oral tradition a king named
2260:& Modum, Egbuna P., "Towards the African renaissance: essays in African culture & development", 1946–1960, Karnak House (1996),
2238:(Ning & Sain 1972) Colvin, Lucie Gallistel, "Historical Dictionary of Senegal", Scarecrow Press/ Metuchen. NJ – London (1981)
231:
is a Lebou surname). However, these Serer and Lebou rulers of Jolof (predominantly a Wolof area) became assimilated into Wolof culture.
2222:, "Le Gabou dans les traditions orales du Ngabou", Éthiopiques 28 special issue No. "socialist journal of Black African culture" (1981)
2168:
Gastellu, Jean-Marc, L'égalitarisme économique des Serer du Sénégal. Volume 128, Travaux et documents de l'ORSTOM. IRD Editions (1981)
1331:(Sénégal), (introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker), in Bulletin de l'IFAN, tome 46, série B, nos 3-4, 1986–1987. p 19
2047:
Ayalon, David, & Sharon, Moshe, "Studies in Islamic history and civilization: in honour of Professor David Ayalon", BRILL (1986),
1722:
579:
1958:
Stride, G. T., Ifeka, Caroline, "Peoples and empires of West Africa: West Africa in history, 1000-1800", Africana Pub. Corp., (1971),
3141:
2428:
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2214:
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2146:
2136:
2107:
2094:
2084:
2062:
2052:
2023:
2013:
2003:
1990:
1976:
1966:
1947:
1937:
1917:
1907:
1894:
1877:
1867:
1854:
1832:
1696:
1615:
1545:
1399:
1379:
1208:
1156:
1065:
1045:
1025:
393:
1412:
2141:
Oliver, Roland; Fage, John Donnelly, & Sanderson, G. N., "The Cambridge History of Africa", Cambridge University Press, 1985.
81:
1439:
3310:
1846:
Becker, Charles, "Vestiges historiques, trémoins matériels du passé clans les pays sereer"', Dakar, 1993., CNRS – ORS TO M
2188:
Dyao, Yoro, "Légendes et coutumes sénégalaises", Cahiers de Yoro Dyao: publiés et commentés par Henri Gaden, (E. Leroux, 1912)
2800:
2795:
1971:
Page, Willie F., "Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)", Vol.2, Facts on File (2001),
100:
2191:
Comité scientifique international pour la rédaction d'une histoire générale de l'Afrique, "Histoire générale de l'Afrique",
1712:
1250:
1942:
Clark, Andrew F. & Philips, Lucie Colvin, "Historical Dictionary of Senegal", Second Edition, Scarecrow Press (1994),
119:, but also their own power and wealth especially the Serer "Lamanic class" whose wealth and power was achieved through the
1596:
2118:
Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire. MĂ©moires de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Issue 91, Part 2. IFAN (1980)
672:
was the differential impact of Islam. In this, the Serer stood out as the one group that had undergone no conversion."
2605:
2385:
Azumah, John Alembillah, "The legacy of Arab-Islam in Africa:" a quest for inter-religious dialogue, neworld (2001),
2122:
2932:
2847:
2842:
2683:
2448:
3091:
2942:
3036:
2810:
2555:
2270:
Hair, Paul Edward Hedley, "The Use of African Languages in Afro-European contacts in Guinea : 1440-1560", "
2076:
1872:
Mwakikagile, Godfrey, "The Gambia and Its People: Ethnic Identities and Cultural Integration in Africa", (2010),
1744:, Éthiopiques, No: 54, Revue Semestrielle de Culture Négro-Africaine. Nouvelle Série, Volume 7, 2e Semestre 1991.
755:
3086:
2225:
Colvin, Lucie Gallistel, "Historical Dictionary of Senegal", Scarecrow Press/ Metuchen. NJ – London (1981)
2057:
Olson, James Stuart, "The peoples of Africa: an ethnohistorical dictionary", Greenwood Publishing Group (1996),
2031:
Catchpole, Brian, Akinjogbin, I. A., "A history of West Africa in maps and diagrams", Collins Educational (1983)
1998:
Streissguth, Thomas, "Senegal in Pictures, Visual Geography", Second Series, Twenty-First Century Books (2009),
1952:
Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire. Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Volume 38. IFAN, 1976.
1825:"Legalising Land Rights: Local Practices, State Responses and Tenure Security in Africa, Asia and Latin America"
1788:, Éthiopiques, No: 54, Revue Semestrielle de Culture Négro-Africaine, Nouvelle Série, Volume 7, 2e Semestre 1991
3315:
2947:
2028:
Oliver, Roland Anthony, Fage, J. D., "Journal of African history", Volume 10, Cambridge University Press (1969)
1630:, Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3-4, 1986–1987. pp 37-39
1190:"Vestiges historiques, trémoins matériels du passé clans les pays sereer"', Dakar, 1993., CNRS – ORS TO M
191:
were either defeated in battle or incorporated into Serer society. The Serers ruled over the Wolof kingdom of
2560:
2089:
Diouf, Mamadou, "History of Senegal: Islamo-Wolof model and its outskirts", Maisonneuve & Larose (2001),
3157:
2937:
2927:
2867:
2852:
2523:
2296:
2179:
1308:
2540:
2277:
Hair, Paul Edward Hedley, "Africa encountered: European contacts and evidence, 1450-1700", Variorum, 1997,
566:
except five young Portuguese (or fewer). One of them was left with the task to charter the caravel back to
3305:
3056:
3051:
2987:
2825:
2805:
2742:
2620:
2248:
Anyidoho, Kofi, "Cross rhythms", Volume 1, "Occasional papers in African folklore", Trickster Press (1983)
678:
This division is not just religious but also has an ethnic dimension. As opponents of Islam for nearly a
3131:
2473:
2441:
2185:
Boulègue, Jean, "Le Grand Jolof, (XVIIIe – XVIe Siècle)", (Paris, Edition Façades), Karthala (1987)
2128:
2112:
Julien, Charles André, & Le Tourneau, Roger, "Histoire de L'Afrique du Nord", vol. 2, Praeger (1970)
750:
280:
17:
1902:, "La Civilisation sereer, Cossan – les origines", vol. 1, Nouvelles Editions africaines (1983),
945:
The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal
704:
At present, the Serer population is estimated to be over 1.8 million based on population figures for
511:
lineage, ie a Berber and Islamic background, on his father's side, and a link on his mother's side to
3096:
2977:
2600:
2545:
593:
551:
1912:
Gravrand, Henry "La civilisation Sereer, Pangool", Nouvelles Editions africaines du Sénégal (1990),
1203:, "The Gambia and Its People: Ethnic Identities and Cultural Integration in Africa", p 136. (2010),
3081:
2857:
2550:
1859:
1200:
861:
184:
158:
2125:
et les traditions Sérères, Centre d'études linguistiques et historiques par tradition orale (1996)
2034:
Trimingham, John Spencer, "A history of Islam in West Africa", Oxford University Press, USA (1970)
1862:, "Ethnic Diversity and Integration in the Gambia: The Land, the People and the Culture", (2010),
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3076:
2663:
2513:
1496:
991:
841:
760:
531:
515:. James Searing adds that "In all versions of the myth, Njaajaan Njaay speaks his first words in
434:
375:
2640:
2405:
2067:
Behrman, Lucy C., "Muslim brotherhoods and politics in Senegal", Harvard University Press (1970)
608:
3275:
3016:
2713:
2488:
2424:
2386:
2376:
2366:
2356:
2343:
2333:
2323:
2313:
2303:
2278:
2261:
2239:
2226:
2210:
2196:
2169:
2159:
2142:
2132:
2103:
2090:
2080:
2058:
2048:
2037:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1986:
1972:
1962:
1943:
1933:
1913:
1903:
1890:
1873:
1863:
1850:
1828:
1718:
1692:
1611:
1568:
1541:
1474:
1445:
1418:
1395:
1375:
1252:
1204:
1152:
1102:
1061:
1041:
1021:
962:
813:
741:
law has affected many Serer farming communities in Senegal and they've lost their properties.
544:
336:
288:
130:, fishing, boat building (an ancient Serer tradition) and transporting people over the river.
2565:
1849:
Asante, Molefi K., "The history of Africa: the quest for eternal harmony", Routledge (2007),
1548:
3067:
2877:
2785:
2292:
2257:
1537:
1038:"New perspectives on Islam in Senegal: conversion, migration, wealth, power, and femininity"
455:
192:
183:
to join their distant Serer relatives created a southward migration for Mandinka migrants.
127:
2972:
2590:
2182:
Biram Ngom), "La question Gelwaar et l’histoire du Siin", Dakar, Université de Dakar (1987)
2008:
Ajayi, J. F. Ade & Crowder, Michael, "History of West Africa", Vol. 1, Longman (1985),
422:
3006:
2882:
2780:
2493:
2395:
1882:
1737:
1003:
897:
835:
683:
616:
459:
240:
188:
41:
555:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2815:
2585:
2219:
2206:
1899:
1708:
1369:
877:
827:
785:
765:
734:
682:, anti-Serer sentiments are not uncommon. However, the Serer countries, especially the
660:
492:
332:
302:
252:
116:
115:, the Serers resisted conversion and engaged in the battlefield to defend not only the
239:
The actual foundation of the Kingdom of Sine is unclear, but in the late 14th century
3299:
2997:
2892:
2887:
2755:
2401:
1756:
799:
717:
589:
562:. None of the adult passengers of that caravel survived. They all succumbed to Serer
559:
328:
1932:
Phillips, Lucie Colvin, "Historical dictionary of Senegal", Scarecrow Press (1981),
1657:(Sénégal) Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. 1986-87, pp 37-39
3280:
3209:
2967:
2750:
2508:
2503:
2483:
2464:
2288:
2271:
1922:
1589:"The Use of African Languages in Afro-European contacts in Guinea : 1440-1560"
1271:
913:
770:
699:
687:
652:
636:
604:
563:
525:
504:
500:
468:
292:
220:
112:
57:
49:
1467:"The Ascent of Wolof as an Urban Vernacular and National Lingua Franca in Senegal"
2131:, "Ethnic groups of the Senegambia: a brief history", Sunrise Publishers (1988),
2070:
Buah, F. K., "West Africa since A.D. 1000: history notes", Volumes 1–2, Macmillan
3270:
3265:
3204:
3179:
3174:
3126:
3116:
2703:
2419:
Blanchet, Gilles "Élites et changements en Afrique et au Sénégal", ORSTOM (1983)
2332:
Powell, John, "Magill's Guide to Military History: A-Cor", Salem Press, (2001),
2322:
Messier, Ronald A., "The Almoravids and the meaning of jihad", ABC-CLIO (2010),
1886:
738:
730:
722:
640:
521:
296:
256:
111:
movement, penetrating parts of Africa, Europe and Asia. After the fall of the
2375:
Grolier Incorporated, "The encyclopedia Americana", Volume 12, Grolier (2000),
2102:
Gregg, Emma, Trillo, Richard "Rough guide to the Gambia", Rough Guides (2003),
1441:
West African Slavery and Atlantic Commerce: The Senegal River Valley, 1700-1860
1184:
See : Gamble, David P. & Salmon, Linda K. (with Alhaji Hassan Njie);
2718:
2698:
2498:
2152:
2040:, "The African background outlined: or, Handbook for the study of the Negro",
1961:
Lombard, Maurice, "The golden age of Islam", Markus Wiener Publishers (2003),
775:
713:
669:
172:
53:
87:
Islam first came across the Sahara." Over generations these people, possibly
72:
movement of Senegambia and continuation of the old Serer paternal dynasties.
679:
508:
284:
108:
61:
36:
1414:
Studies in West African Islamic History: Volume 1: The Cultivators of Islam
311:
2115:
Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire. Bulletin, Volumes 26–27. IFAN (1964)
3121:
2770:
2728:
2630:
2595:
600:
567:
535:
Takrur, and that this was essentially a fourteenth-century development."
335:
did not notice that this is actually a description of the 1867 (or 1865)
306:
69:
142:
3189:
2673:
2580:
2570:
2413:
2099:"The African archaeological review", Volumes 17–18, Plenum Press (2000)
705:
628:
558:
and his party attempted to enter Serer territory in order to carry out
547:
484:
245:
104:
1348:
28 special issue No, socialist journal of Black African culture (1981)
1278:
Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. 1986-87, p 19
3239:
3234:
3184:
2952:
2775:
2760:
2693:
2668:
2575:
2295:
until 1860 including comparative data from the Wolof state of Walo",
2192:
1295:Éthiopiques, Volume 2, pp 100–101, Grande imprimerie africaine (1984)
1132:
733:
system, they tend to have valuable land. Recently however, President
726:
709:
632:
597:
516:
512:
472:
180:
176:
138:
120:
88:
65:
3169:
2962:
2957:
2723:
2409:
2073:"An introduction to the history of West Africa", p 21, CUP Archive
725:
and boat building is still practiced by some Serers. Due to their
656:
612:
463:
324:
134:
29:
2205:
Innes, Gordon; Suso, Bamba; Kanute, Banna; & Kanute, Dembo, "
3199:
3194:
2765:
2708:
2645:
2635:
2610:
2437:
2433:
1786:"La Religiosité des Sereer, Avant et Pendant Leur Islamisation"
1742:"La Religiosité des Sereer, Avant et Pendant Leur Islamisation"
1608:"Africa encountered: European contacts and evidence, 1450-1700"
659:
and "non-believers" such as the orthodox Serers who adhere to
405:
346:
1691:, p 128, 2nd Edition, University of California Press (1989),
1471:
Globalization and Language Vitality: Perspectives from Africa
1122:, pp 174, 176 & 234, Oxford University Press, USA (1970)
1366:
Innes, Gordon, Suso, Bamba, Kanute, Banna , Kanute, Dembo,
2209: : three Mandinka versions", Psychology Press (1974),
1058:"History of Senegal: Islamo-Wolof model and its outskirts"
2235:Éthiopiques, Volume 2, Grande imprimerie africaine (1984)
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in history, AD 1000-1900", Saul's Modern Printshop (1991)
1107:"Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History"
1040:, Palgrave Macmillan (2009), the University of Michigan,
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area of Senegal, is reported to be a true bastion of the
215:
dynasties (who were all Serers with the exception of the
1247:
Islam and Imperialism in Senegal. Sine-Saloum, 1847-1914
2042:
The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History
1109:, pp 77–79, Cambridge University Press (1981) (Scholar)
902:
Islam and Imperialism in Senegal, Sine-Saloum, 1847–914
874:
Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914
607:
of Sine. On 18 July 1867, the leader of the Marabouts
430:
371:
141:
in the 11th century which led to the Serers of Tekrur
1823:
Ubink, Janine M, Hoekema, André J, Assies, Willem J,
1469:. In CĂ©cile B. Vigouroux, Salikoko S. Mufwene (ed.).
1763:(Sénégal), Paris, ABC, Dakar-Abidjan, NEA, 1977, p44
1714:
The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary
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movement (which would later result in the Serers of
3252:
3155:
3105:
3065:
2995:
2986:
2920:
2866:
2833:
2824:
2741:
2682:
2654:
2619:
2531:
2522:
2472:
2312:Ham, Anthony, "West Africa", Lonely Planet (2009),
947:
Berkeley, University of California Press, 2004 p.51
668:"The most important factor dividing the peoples of
251:Marriages between the Serer paternal clans such as
1303:
1301:
1287:For Maysa Wali's reign, see : Sarr, Alioune,
287:of these unions where the kings of Sine and later
27:Medieval history of the Serer people of Senegambia
2151:Faal, Dawda, "Peoples and empires of Senegambia:
1889:, 1847-1914", Edinburgh University Press (1968),
1483:. Archived from the original on 29 September 2021
584:The Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune also known as
1827:, pp 259–287, Amsterdam University Press, 2010.
1812:"Élites et changements en Afrique et au Sénégal"
1501:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1234:"Ethnic Diversity and Integration in the Gambia"
1221:"Ethnic Diversity and Integration in the Gambia"
126:The Serer earned their living from agriculture,
1465:Fiona Mc Laughlin; Salikoko S. Mufwene (2008).
1342:"Le Gabou dans les traditions orales du Ngabou"
866:Ethnic Diversity and Integration in the Gambia:
148:
1687:Lipschutz, Mark R., & Rasmussen, R. Kent,
1683:
1681:
1411:A.A. Bartran (1979). John Ralph Willis (ed.).
1080:, Volume 10, Cambridge University Press (1969)
655:has created a division between "believers" of
592:(but also partly motivated by conquest –
34:A 19th-century war and ceremonial drum called
2449:
1771:
1769:
1323:
1321:
716:(2011) – excluding the Serers living in
619:but was defeated and killed by the forces of
360:The examples and perspective in this section
68:migration to the south), to the 19th century
8:
1689:"Dictionary of African historical biography"
1267:
1265:
1567:. Cambridge University Press. p. 484.
1394:, p282, Cambridge University Press, 1975.
1313:"La question Gelwaar et l’histoire du Siin"
1076:Oliver, Roland Anthony, & Fage, J. D.,
3256:
2992:
2830:
2528:
2456:
2442:
2434:
1444:. Cambridge University Press. p. 11.
378:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
2287:Coifman, Victoria Bomba, "History of the
1565:The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3
1315:, Dakar, Université de Dakar, 1987, 69 p.
635:and his movement was responsible for the
394:Learn how and when to remove this message
60:from perhaps the 11th century during the
3032:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof
1752:
1750:
1036:Diouf, Mamadou, & Leichtman, Mara,
959:African Households: Censuses And Surveys
939:
937:
935:
929:Diouf, Niokhobaye. pp 727–729 (pp 16–18)
3047:Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof
1799:"The state must be our master of fire:"
1610:, Variorum, 1997, pp 213–15 & 248,
1521:"Occasional papers in African folklore"
1137:"The State Must Be Our Master of Fire:"
853:
18:Serer history (medieval era to present)
3137:The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof
3042:Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh
3027:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof
3022:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof
2408:Almamy du Rip" (Sénégal), Paris, ABC,
1494:
1249:, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
999:
989:
621:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof
261:Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh
2121:Diouf, Marcel Mahawa, "Lances mâles:
1390:Fage, J. D., Oliver, Roland Anthony,
1135:, see : Galvan, Dennis Charles,
195:. They were ruling Jolof before the
56:is partly characterised by resisting
7:
3147:The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof
1985:), Markus Wiener Publishers (2000),
1885:, "Islam and Imperialism in Senegal
1092:, Volumes 17–18, Plenum Press (2000)
1060:, Maisonneuve & Larose (2001),
499:, is the traditional founder of the
107:of the north advanced Islam via the
1120:"A history of Islam in West Africa"
1090:"The African archaeological review"
984:Muslim Societies in African History
179:. The Serer who have migrated from
580:The Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune
539:Defeat of Portuguese slave raiders
309:,an off-shot and relatives of the
167:In Senegambia, southward migration
25:
3142:The Royal House of Jogo Siga Joof
1392:"The Cambridge history of Africa"
1276:Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal)
1131:For more information about Serer
570:. Nuno was amongst those killed.
175:, the Serer people were ruled by
76:Resistance to Islam, 11th century
1374:, p128, Psychology Press, 1974.
834:
820:
806:
792:
778:
410:
351:
82:Islamization of the Sudan region
2274:Language Review", no. 5, (1966)
1761:"Maba Diakhou Ba Almamy du Rip"
1538:The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
1523:, p 118, Trickster Press (1983)
886:La civilisation Sereer, Pangool
603:movement of Senegambia and the
331:. In reporting this tradition,
2801:Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune
2796:States headed by Serer Lamanes
1801:, pp 41, 44, 65, 260 & 305
1641:"Chronique du royaume du Sine"
1593:"Sierra Leone Language Review"
1147:Gregg, Emma, Trillo, Richard
957:Van de Walle, Étienne (2006).
882:La Civilisation sereer, Cossan
574:19th century Marabout Movement
263:(many variations in spelling:
1:
1151:, p 247, Rough Guides, 2003,
3092:Lingeer Selbeh Ndoffene Joof
3009:(ancient kings / landowners)
1675:Diouf, Niokhobaye, pp 728–29
1559:Fage, John Donnelly (1997).
1078:"Journal of African History"
1020:p 84. Markus Wiener (2003),
524:origin. Others say he was a
433:or discuss the issue on the
235:Migration from Kabuu to Sine
48:The medieval history of the
961:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 80.
483: – French spelling in
374:, discuss the issue on the
3332:
3068:Queens & Queen Mothers
1814:, ORSTOM (1983) pp 182–185
1717:. Greenwood. p. 516.
1655:"Histoire du Sine-Saloum "
1606:Hair, Paul Edward Hedley,
1587:Hair, Paul Edward Hedley,
1563:. In Roland Oliver (ed.).
1473:. Continuum. p. 148.
1417:. Routledge. p. 102.
1372:: three Mandinka versions"
1118:Trimingham, John Spencer,
870:The Gambia and Its People:
697:
663:. Klein notes that :
577:
453:
425:towards certain viewpoints
79:
3259:
3037:Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof
2811:Timeline of Serer history
1666:Klein, pp 90-91 & 103
1628:"Histoire du Sine-Saloum"
1329:"Histoire du Sine-Saloum"
1289:"Histoire du Sine-Saloum"
1169:The Gambia and its people
1149:Rough guide to the Gambia
1133:Lamanic lineage and class
1101:Hopkins, J. F. P., &
756:Timeline of Serer history
2546:Classical Ndut teachings
1561:"Upper and Lower Guinea"
943:Galvan, Dennis Charles,
550:carrying the Portuguese
2297:University of Wisconsin
1438:Searing, JAMES (2003).
1018:The golden age of Islam
918:Histoire du Sine Saloum
3311:History of West Africa
3057:Maad Semou Njekeh Joof
3052:Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof
2129:Sonko-Godwin, Patience
2038:Woodson, Carter Godwin
1232:Mwakikagile, Godfrey,
1219:Mwakikagile, Godfrey,
1167:Mwakikagile, Godfrey,
497:Amudu Bubakar b. 'Umar
323:) maternal dynasty of
164:
45:
3132:Joos Maternal Dynasty
2123:LĂ©opold SĂ©dar Senghor
1595:, no. 5, 1966, p. 13
751:Serer ancient history
471:(English spelling in
103:of North Africa, the
80:Further information:
33:
3097:Serer maternal clans
2180:Babacar SĂ©dikh Diouf
1860:Mwakikagile, Godfrey
1309:Babacar SĂ©dikh Diouf
1201:Mwakikagile, Godfrey
647:The effects of Islam
372:improve this section
362:may not represent a
3087:Lingeer Ngoné Dièye
3082:Lingeer Ndoye Demba
2806:Battle of Logandème
2771:Kingdom of Biffeche
1709:Olson, James Stuart
1639:Diouf, Niokhobaye.
1357:Sarr, Alioune, p 19
431:improve the article
185:Godfrey Mwakikagile
159:Godfrey Mwakikagile
3077:Lingeer Fatim Beye
1810:Blanchet, Gilles
1784:Thiaw, Issa Laye,
1532:Sallah, Tijan M.,
1016:Lombard, Maurice,
842:Middle Ages portal
761:Roog (Serer deity)
586:The Battle of Somb
532:John Donnelly Fage
187:proposed that the
137:that had affected
46:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3276:Toucouleur people
3248:
3247:
3017:Lamane Jegan Joof
2916:
2915:
2776:kingdom of Saloum
2737:
2736:
2714:Point of Sangomar
2258:Diop, Anta Cheikh
2164:978-0-520-23591-5
1574:978-0-521-20981-6
1480:978-0-8264-9515-0
1451:978-0-521-53452-9
1424:978-0-7146-1737-4
1340:Gravrand, Henry,
1257:978-0-8047-0621-6
1245:Klein, Martin A.
1188:Becker, Charles,
1103:Levtzion, Nehemia
968:978-0-7656-1619-7
884:pp 115–18; &
876:, pp 7 & 63,
872:, p 138; Klein,
814:Mauritania portal
674:(Martin A. Klein)
481:N'Diadian N'Diaye
477:Ndiandiane Ndiaye
452:
451:
404:
403:
396:
343:King Njaajan Njie
337:Battle of Kansala
219:dynasty who were
173:Senegambia region
16:(Redirected from
3323:
3257:
2993:
2831:
2786:Serer prehistory
2529:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2435:
2396:Thiaw, Issa Laye
2299:- Madison (1969)
1883:Klein, Martin A.
1835:
1821:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1795:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1764:
1754:
1745:
1738:Thiaw, Issa Laye
1735:
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1705:
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1534:Wolof: (Senegal)
1530:
1524:
1515:Anyidoho, Kofi,
1513:
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1327:Sarr, Alioune,
1325:
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1173:Ethnic diversity
1165:
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1074:
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1056:Diouf, Mamadou,
1054:
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1014:
1008:
1007:
1001:
997:
995:
987:
982:David Robinson.
979:
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797:
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795:
788:
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782:
781:
623:, King of Sine.
495:, also known as
456:Kingdom of Jolof
447:
444:
438:
414:
413:
406:
399:
392:
388:
385:
379:
355:
354:
347:
327:, in modern-day
277:Maysa Wali Dione
162:
128:animal husbandry
21:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3316:Medieval Africa
3296:
3295:
3294:
3285:
3244:
3163:
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3101:
3070:
3061:
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3005:
2982:
2933:Chere (or saay)
2912:
2862:
2820:
2781:Kingdom of Sine
2766:Kingdom of Baol
2733:
2678:
2650:
2641:Kopé Tiatie Cac
2621:Supreme deities
2615:
2518:
2468:
2462:
2406:Maba Diakhou Bâ
2220:Gravrand, Henry
1900:Gravrand, Henry
1843:
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1652:
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1626:Sarr, Alioune,
1625:
1621:
1605:
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1517:"Cross rhythms"
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649:
617:Kingdom of Sine
609:Maba Diakhou Bâ
594:empire building
582:
576:
564:poisoned arrows
541:
466:
460:Kingdom of Sine
448:
442:
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411:
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389:
383:
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369:
356:
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299:respectively).
237:
169:
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121:Lamanic lineage
84:
78:
42:Kingdom of Sine
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3253:Related people
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2402:Thiam, Iba Der
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2178:Ngom, Biram, (
2176:
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2149:
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2100:
2097:
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2077:Diouf, Mamadou
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2055:
2045:
2044:, inc., (1936)
2035:
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2029:
2026:
2016:
2006:
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1757:Thiam, Iba Der
1746:
1730:
1724:978-0313279188
1723:
1700:
1677:
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1632:
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1580:
1573:
1551:
1540:(1995), p. 21
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1508:
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1350:
1333:
1317:
1297:
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1261:
1238:
1225:
1212:
1193:
1177:
1171:, p 11; &
1160:
1140:
1124:
1111:
1094:
1082:
1069:
1049:
1029:
1009:
974:
967:
949:
931:
922:
906:
890:
868:, p224 &
852:
850:
847:
846:
845:
831:
828:History portal
817:
803:
789:
786:Senegal portal
774:
773:
768:
766:Serer religion
763:
758:
753:
746:
743:
735:Abdoulaye Wade
698:Main article:
695:
692:
676:
675:
661:Serer religion
648:
645:
596:) between the
578:Main article:
575:
572:
540:
537:
493:Serer language
489:Njaajaan Njaay
450:
449:
418:
416:
409:
402:
401:
366:of the subject
364:worldwide view
359:
357:
350:
344:
341:
333:Henry Gravrand
303:Henry Gravrand
273:Maysa Wali Jon
271:also known as
236:
233:
168:
165:
155:
117:Serer religion
77:
74:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3328:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3306:Serer history
3304:
3303:
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3107:Dynasties and
3104:
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2865:
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2858:Serer country
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
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2791:Serer history
2789:
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2779:
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2756:Cekeen Tumuli
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2655:Other deities
2653:
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2551:Creation myth
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2439:
2436:
2430:
2429:90-8728-056-4
2426:
2421:
2418:
2416:, NEA, (1977)
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2391:1-85168-273-2
2388:
2384:
2382:
2381:0-7172-0133-3
2378:
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2371:0-16-072552-6
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2361:0-520-06611-1
2358:
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2348:0-8047-0783-9
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2338:0-89356-015-4
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2329:
2328:0-313-38589-0
2325:
2321:
2319:
2318:1-74104-821-4
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:0-7369-2084-6
2305:
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2298:
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2290:
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2284:
2283:0-86078-626-9
2280:
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2266:0-907015-85-9
2263:
2259:
2256:
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2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:0-8108-1885-X
2241:
2237:
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2231:0-8108-1885-X
2228:
2224:
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2215:0-7286-0003-X
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2201:92-3-201710-5
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2174:2-7099-0591-4
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2147:0-521-22803-4
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2137:9983-86-000-7
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2017:
2015:
2014:0-582-64683-9
2011:
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2004:1-57505-951-7
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1997:
1994:
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1991:1-55876-241-8
1988:
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1977:0-8160-4472-4
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1967:1-55876-322-8
1964:
1960:
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1949:
1948:0-8108-2747-6
1945:
1941:
1939:
1938:0-8108-1369-6
1935:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1923:Sarr, Alioune
1921:
1919:
1918:2-7236-1055-1
1915:
1911:
1909:
1908:2-7236-0877-8
1905:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:0-85224-029-5
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1878:9987-16-023-9
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1855:0-415-77139-0
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615:in the Serer
614:
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590:religious war
587:
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419:This section
417:
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398:
395:
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377:
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365:
358:
349:
348:
342:
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338:
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329:Guinea Bissau
326:
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101:Arab invasion
97:
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67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
43:
39:
38:
32:
19:
3281:Wolof people
3210:Maad a Sinig
3162:royal titles
3109:royal houses
3001:
2883:Lehar/Laalaa
2826:Demographics
2790:
2751:Amar Godomat
2684:Sacred sites
2272:Sierra Leone
1982:
1841:Bibliography
1824:
1819:
1811:
1806:
1798:
1793:
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1533:
1528:
1520:
1519:, Volume 1,
1516:
1511:
1485:. Retrieved
1470:
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885:
881:
873:
869:
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856:
771:Serer people
703:
700:Serer people
688:anti-Islamic
677:
667:
653:Islamization
650:
641:Senegambians
637:Islamization
625:
605:Serer people
585:
583:
556:Nuno TristĂŁo
552:slave trader
542:
530:
505:Wolof people
501:Jolof Empire
496:
488:
480:
476:
469:Njaajan Njie
467:
440:
420:
390:
381:
361:
320:
316:
310:
301:
293:Maad a Sinig
276:
272:
269:Maissa Wally
268:
264:
250:
238:
228:
224:
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212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
170:
150:
149:
132:
125:
113:Ghana empire
98:
94:
85:
58:Islamization
50:Serer people
47:
35:
3271:Lebu people
3266:Jola people
3230:Sene family
3225:Sarr family
3220:Njie family
3215:Ngum family
3205:Maad Saloum
3180:Joof family
3175:Faye family
3127:Joof family
3117:Faye family
2943:Inheritance
2704:Sine-Saloum
2664:Kumba Njaay
2646:Roog (main)
1887:Sine-Saloum
1346:Éthiopiques
1293:(in French)
1186:(in French)
1000:|work=
862:Mwakikagile
739:land reform
731:inheritance
723:Polyculture
611:launched a
543:In 1446, a
443:August 2015
384:August 2015
297:Maad Saloum
281:assimilated
265:Maissa Wali
3300:Categories
2848:Mauritania
2719:Tattaguine
2699:Sine River
2532:Key topics
2153:Senegambia
1775:Klein, p 7
1487:28 October
920:, pp 37–39
880:, vol. 1.
714:Mauritania
670:Senegambia
545:Portuguese
454:See also:
423:unbalanced
99:After the
54:Senegambia
2868:Languages
2834:By region
2601:Symbolism
2561:Festivals
2556:Criticism
2291:state of
1497:cite book
1002:ignored (
992:cite book
680:millennia
528:prince."
509:Almoravid
491:- in the
435:talk page
376:talk page
285:offspring
189:Mandinkas
109:Almoravid
62:Almoravid
40:from the
3158:Families
3122:Guelowar
2948:Marriage
2729:Yaboyabo
2631:Kokh Kox
2596:Saltigue
2586:Religion
2524:Religion
2494:Niominka
2195:(1980),
1983:"Corpus"
1797:Galvan,
1711:(1996).
1370:"Sunjata
904:pp 62–93
878:Gravrand
745:See also
718:the West
639:of many
601:Marabout
568:Portugal
370:You may
317:Nyanthio
307:Guelowar
241:Mandinka
223: –
156:—
70:Marabout
3190:Lingeer
3007:Lamanes
2988:Royalty
2921:Culture
2853:Senegal
2743:History
2674:Tiurakh
2581:Pangool
2571:Junjung
2566:Jaaniiw
2474:Peoples
2414:Abidjan
2207:Sunjata
1236:, p 224
727:Lamanic
706:Senegal
694:Present
629:Senegal
548:caravel
503:by the
485:Senegal
429:Please
421:may be
246:Mbissel
229:Mbengue
209:Mbengue
177:Lamanes
171:In the
105:Berbers
37:junjung
3240:Thilas
3235:Teigne
3185:Lamane
2953:Mbalax
2878:Cangin
2843:Gambia
2761:Khasso
2694:Fatick
2669:Takhar
2576:Lamane
2484:Laalaa
2467:topics
2427:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2346:
2336:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2281:
2264:
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2229:
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2199:
2193:UNESCO
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2093:
2083:
2061:
2051:
2022:
2012:
2002:
1989:
1975:
1965:
1946:
1936:
1929:(1972)
1916:
1906:
1893:
1876:
1866:
1853:
1831:
1721:
1695:
1644:16–18)
1614:
1571:
1544:
1477:
1448:
1421:
1398:
1378:
1255:
1223:, p225
1207:
1155:
1064:
1044:
1024:
965:
710:Gambia
633:Gambia
598:Muslim
588:was a
522:Fulani
517:Pulaar
513:Takrur
473:Gambia
462:, and
321:Nyanco
312:Ă‘aanco
289:Saloum
225:Mengue
217:Mengue
211:) and
205:Mengue
181:Tekrur
143:exodus
139:Tekrur
135:jihads
89:Pulaar
66:Takrur
3170:Buumi
3004:) and
2998:Kings
2973:Tassu
2963:Sabar
2958:Njuup
2938:Death
2928:Birth
2908:Serer
2903:Safen
2898:Palor
2724:Tukar
2606:Women
2591:Sadax
2509:Saafi
2504:Palor
2465:Serer
2410:Dakar
2293:Jolof
2289:Wolof
849:Notes
729:land
657:Islam
613:jihad
526:Serer
487:, or
464:Waalo
325:Kaabu
221:Lebou
193:Jolof
3200:Maad
3195:Loul
3002:Maad
2978:Njom
2968:Tama
2893:Noon
2888:Ndut
2709:Somb
2636:Koox
2611:Xooy
2541:CiiÉ—
2514:Seex
2499:Noon
2489:Ndut
2425:ISBN
2387:ISBN
2377:ISBN
2367:ISBN
2357:ISBN
2344:ISBN
2334:ISBN
2324:ISBN
2314:ISBN
2304:ISBN
2279:ISBN
2262:ISBN
2240:ISBN
2227:ISBN
2211:ISBN
2197:ISBN
2170:ISBN
2160:ISBN
2143:ISBN
2133:ISBN
2104:ISBN
2091:ISBN
2081:ISBN
2059:ISBN
2049:ISBN
2020:ISBN
2010:ISBN
2000:ISBN
1987:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1963:ISBN
1944:ISBN
1934:ISBN
1914:ISBN
1904:ISBN
1891:ISBN
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1864:ISBN
1851:ISBN
1829:ISBN
1719:ISBN
1693:ISBN
1612:ISBN
1569:ISBN
1542:ISBN
1503:link
1489:2020
1475:ISBN
1446:ISBN
1419:ISBN
1396:ISBN
1376:ISBN
1253:ISBN
1205:ISBN
1175:p 97
1153:ISBN
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1042:ISBN
1022:ISBN
1004:help
963:ISBN
914:Sarr
888:p 13
860:See
712:and
684:Sine
631:and
295:and
257:Joof
255:and
253:Faye
213:Njie
207:(or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
