Sex–gender distinction - Knowledge (XXG)

476:. The remains, believed to be anatomically male, were orientated in the same way as women's burials and were not accompanied by any gender-specific grave goods. Based on this the archaeologist Kamila Věšínová suggests that it was likely that this was an individual "with a different sexual orientation, homosexual or transsexual", while media reports heralded the discovery of the world's first "gay caveman". Archaeologists and biological anthropologists criticised media coverage as sensationalist, as well as criticising Věšínová's original statement, in which she conflates sex, gender, and sexuality, arguing that, although the burial might well represent a transgender individual, it does not necessarily mean that they had a different sexual orientation, or that their culture would have considered them 'homosexual'. Jan Turek notes that there are several examples of Corded Ware graves containing older biological males with typically female grave goods and body orientation. He suggests that "aged men may have decided to 'retire' as women for symbolic and practical reasons." 755:

behaviours and attributes based on labels of masculinity and femininity". Pilot plans for the 2021 Census for England and Wales would have allowed respondents to answer the sex question with reference to their gender identity, despite the addition of a separate new question on gender identity. Quantitative social scientists criticised the ONS's apparent confusion between the concepts of sex and gender identity. The matter was taken to Judicial Review by feminist group Fair Play for Women. The ONS argued that sex was an "umbrella concept", but this view was rejected by the presiding judge as unpersuasive. The guidance was changed so that sex was clearly indicated as legal sex rather than identity.

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even their chromosomal typing before birth. They consider sex categories to be dichotomous, and that the person is placed in a sex category by exhibiting qualities exclusive to one category or the other. During most interactions, others situate a person's sex by identifying their sex category; however, they believe that a person's sex need not align with their sex category. West and Zimmerman maintain that the sex category is "established and sustained by the socially required identificatory displays that proclaim one's membership in one or the other category". Gender is the performance of attitudes and actions that are considered socially acceptable for one's sex category.

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people by 'gender', if this is defined as rules of behavior and roles based on sex. It is likely that the highly differentiated cultures of this period did not possess a single gender classification system, and instead their conception of gender may have been culture-specific, much like contemporary societies. It is feasible that some of the cultures of this era recognised up to five genders. For example, certain production roles, spiritual leaders, and healers may have been recognised as distinct genders. Whether or not social roles, such as religious leadership, were based upon gender, rather than age or skills, continues to be debated.

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with animals or plants. One group of individuals has large sex cells, and it is convenient to use the word female for them. The other group, which it is convenient to call male, has small sex cells. The difference is especially pronounced in reptiles and in birds, where a single egg cell is big enough and nutritious enough to feed a developing baby for several weeks. Even in humans, where the egg is microscopic, it is still many times larger than the sperm. As we shall see, it is possible to interpret all the other differences between the sexes as stemming from this one basic difference.

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spectrum of possible body types." In other words, Fausto-Sterling argues that sex is a continuum. She believes that sex is socially constructed because nature does not decide on who is seen as a male or female physically. Rather, doctors decide what seems to be a "natural" sex for the inhabitants of society. In addition, the gender, behavior, actions, and appearance of males/females is also seen as socially constructed because codes of femininity and masculinity are chosen and deemed fit by society for societal usage.

236:, uses the term 'sex' to refer to the "male or the female sex and the component biological parts that determine whether one is a male or a female". He further states that, in order to determine sex, chromosomes, external genitalia, internal genitalia, gonads, hormonal states, secondary sex characteristics, and possibly also brain systems, must be analysed. He states that a person's sex is determined by "an algebraic sum of all these qualities", resulting in most people being classified as either 'male' or 'female'. 1083:

having ovaries) and "gender traits" (such as wearing make-up) are both subsumed under the category of descriptive traits, whereas "being feminine" is taken as an evaluative norm. Evaluative norms reflect how descriptive traits are evaluated by external observers, and certain descriptive traits may correlate with certain evaluative norms. So for example the trait "having long hair" covaries strongly with feminine norms in some cultures, and less so in others.

465:, various evidence suggests gender-differentiated tool use and diet in some cultures. By this time, it is likely that gender had become an important element of the organizational structure of these societies. Similar grave goods found in male and female high-status burials of this period, however, indicate that status was not simply based on gender. There is also much more evidence for the recognition of third and fourth genders from this period. 724: 865:(formerly the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation) makes a distinction between sex and gender. In their Media Reference Guide for transgender issues, they describe sex as "the classification of people as male or female" at birth, based on bodily characteristics such as chromosomes, hormones, internal reproductive organs, and genitalia, and gender identity as "a person's internal, deeply held sense of their gender". 8183: 542: 1269:, in a 1990 survey of medical specialists in pediatric intersexuality, found out that when a child was born with XY chromosomes but ambiguous genitalia, their sex was often determined according to the size of their penis. Thus, even if the sex/gender distinction holds, the dichotomies of female/male and masculine/feminine are not themselves exhaustive. 1131:'s summary of the problems with the terms sex and gender: "Part of it is a new prissiness—many people today are as squeamish about sexual dimorphism as the Victorians were about sex. But part of it is a limitation of the English language. The word 'sex' refers ambiguously to copulation and to sexual dimorphism...". Richard Lippa writes in 4638:

refers to the way in which a person identifies or expresses their masculine or feminine characteristics. Gender is generally understood as a social and cultural construction. A person's gender identity or gender expression is not always exclusively male or female and may or may not correspond to their sex.

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Penises and ejaculate and prostate glands occur in nature, but the notion that these anatomical traits comprise a sex—a discrete class, separate and distinct, metaphysically divisible from some other sex, the "other sex"—is simply that: a notion, an idea. The penises exist; the male sex does not. The

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However, there is one fundamental feature of the sexes which can be used to label males as males, and females as females, throughout animals and plants. This is that the sex cells or 'gametes' of males are much smaller and more numerous than the gametes of females. This is true whether we are dealing

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and Michael Stolberg have criticized Laqueur's theory. Stolberg provides evidence to suggest that significant two-sex understandings of anatomy existed before Laqueur claims, arguing that sexual dimorphism was accepted as early as the sixteenth century. Joan Cadden has stated that 'one-sex' models of

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My perspective goes beyond accepted feminist views that gender is a cultural overlay that modifies physiological sex differences ... I am arguing that bodies differ in many ways physiologically, but they are completely transformed by social practices to fit into the salient categories of a society,

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also states that many conventional indicators of sex are not sufficient to demarcate male from female. Moreover, she has alleged that there is more diversity within the individual categories of sex and gender—female/male and feminine/masculine, respectively—than between them. Hence, her fundamental

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could be re-defined as due to differential socialization between the sexes of a monomorphic adaptation or byproduct. For example, greater male propensity toward physical aggression and risk taking would be termed a "sex difference;" the generally longer head hair length of females would be termed a

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is sometimes used by linguists to refer to social gender as well as grammatical gender. Some languages, such as German or Finnish, have no separate words for sex and gender. German, for example, uses "Biologisches Geschlecht" for biological sex, and "Soziales Geschlecht" for gender when making this

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defines sex as "either of the two major forms of individuals that occur in many species and that are distinguished respectively as female or male especially on the basis of their reproductive organs and structures." or "the sum of the structural, functional, and sometimes behavioral characteristics

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defines sex as "Either of the two main categories (male and female) into which humans and many other living things are divided on the basis of their reproductive functions". A further annotation exists on a separate definition stating that "The word sex tends now to refer to biological differences,

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Gender is used to describe the characteristics of women and men that are socially constructed, while sex refers to those that are biologically determined. People are born female or male, but learn to be girls and boys who grow into women and men. This learned behaviour makes up gender identity and

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Sex: The term 'sex' refers to a person's biological characteristics. A person's sex is usually described as being male or female. Some people may not be exclusively male or female (the term 'intersex' is explained below). Some people identify as neither male nor female. Gender: The term 'gender'

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I cannot argue (in this book) that nature and nurture are inseparable and then... use different terms to refer to each class of variables. The... biological manifestations of sex are confounded with psychosocial variables.... The use of different terms to label these two types of contributions to

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Mari Mikkola has put forward the "Trait/Norm Covariance Model", divided into descriptive traits and evaluative norms, as a suggested replacement. In this model, the term "descriptive traits" includes physical and anatomical traits, roles, and self-conceptions. So for example, "sex traits" (such as

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perspective, “sex” (female/male) cannot be conceived as a natural basis for “gender” construction, and “gender” should not be viewed as the cultural interpretation of a pregiven “sex.” Both sex and gender must be seen as theoretical abstractions or idealizations, developed in specific practices of

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West and Zimmerman state that to understand gender as activity, it is important to differentiate between sex, sex category, and gender. They say that sex refers to the socially agreed upon specifications that establish one as male or female; sex is most often based on an individual's genitalia, or

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The word `gender' is used to define those characteristics of women and men that are socially constructed, while `sex' refers to those that are biologically determined. People are born female or male but learn to be girls and boys who grow into women and men. This learned behaviour makes up gender

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as “a subclass within a grammatical class (such as noun, pronoun, adjective, or verb) of a language that is partly arbitrary but also partly based on distinguishable characteristics (such as shape, social rank, manner of existence, or sex) and that determines agreement with and selection of other

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and Lisa Disch note that some feminist theorists have criticised the biological basis of sexual dimorphism. These theorists claim to have demonstrated that there are more than two naturally occurring sexes, and that, whether defined in terms of chromosomes, hormones, gonads, internal morphology,

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There is little general agreement among archaeologists about what can be accurately stated about gender identities, roles, and processes in the earliest human societies between 40,000 and 4,000 years before the present. There is a consensus that cultures at this time differentiated categories of

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famously addresses the birth of intersex children. In their case, the standard model (sex/gender distinction) is seen as incorrect with regard to its notion that there are only two sexes, male and female. This is because "complete maleness and complete femaleness represent the extreme ends of a

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is the socially constructed performance which takes place during routine human interactions, rather than as a set of essentialized qualities based on one's biological sex. The term first appeared in Candace West and Don Zimmerman's article "Doing Gender", published in the peer-reviewed journal,

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Bhargava et al. note that the terms sex and gender are not, and should not be used as, interchangeable terms. They state that "ex is dichotomous, with sex determination in the fertilized zygote stemming from unequal expression of sex chromosomal genes." In contrast, gender is seen as including

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The United Kingdom Office for National Statistics (ONS) describes definitions provided by the UK government that make clear distinctions between the "biological aspects" of sex, "generally male or female", and "assigned at birth", while describing gender as a "social construction relating to

1302:, this view persisted into the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Laqueur asserts that even at its peak, the one-sex model was supported among highly educated Europeans but is not known to have been a popular view nor one entirely agreed upon by doctors who treated the general population. 675:

The Australian government provides guidelines on sex and gender to the public based on legislation passed in 2013. The guidelines recognize that "individuals may identify as a gender other than the sex they were assigned at birth, or may not identify as exclusively male or female". The

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external genitalia, or secondary sex characteristics, "none of the typical correlates of biological sex conform to the demands of dichotomous classification", and that all these characteristics "fail to differentiate all men from all women or to provide a common core within each sex."

4462:: "Transgender was defined broadly to cover those who transition from one gender to another as well as those who may not choose to socially, medically, or legally fully transition, including cross-dressers, people who consider themselves to be genderqueer, androgynous, and ..." 650:

performs a census of the U.S. population every ten years. The questionnaire asks one question about sex, phrased as "What is person 1's sex?" and provides two checkboxes for the response, labeled "Male" and "Female". An explanatory page explains this question, using the term

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If the immutable character of sex is contested, perhaps this construct called "sex" is as culturally constructed as gender; indeed, perhaps it was always already gender, with the consequence that the distinction between sex and gender turns out to be no distinction at

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In modern English, there is no true grammatical gender in this sense, though the differentiation, for instance, between the pronouns "he" and "she", which in English refers to a difference in sex (or social gender), is sometimes referred to as a gender distinction.

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is defined as—in a modern and especially feminist use—"a euphemism for the sex of a human being, often intended to emphasize the social and cultural, as opposed to the biological, distinctions between the sexes", with the earliest example cited being from 1963. The

221:, the most fundamental sex difference in humans is the respective cost of reproduction, which is higher for females than males because of pregnancy and higher postnatal parental expenditure, resulting in different mating choice preferences for males and females. 2466:

One thing biologists do agree on is that males and females count as different sexes. And they also agree that the main difference between the two is gamete size: males make lots of small gametes—sperm in animals, pollen in plants—and females produce a few big

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should be used to refer to (cultural differences). However, it is not at all clear the degree to which the differences between males and females are due to biological factors versus learned and cultural factors. Furthermore, indiscriminate use of the word

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gender classes: male, female, dual, common, collective, higher male animal, higher female animal, lower animal, and inanimate, and these semantic gender classes affect the possible choices of pronoun for coreference to the real-life entity, e.g.

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had already defined gender as the "socialized obverse of sex" a decade earlier, in 1945. As originally conceived by Money, gender and sex are analysed together as a single category including both biological and social elements, but later work by

4437:), page 486: "Transgender is a broad term characterized by a challenge of traditional gender roles and gender identity For example, some cultures classify transgender individuals as a third gender, thereby treating this phenomenon as normative." 519:, combined with socially agreed upon gender expectations, holds individuals accountable for their gender performances. They also believe that while "doing gender" appropriately strengthens and promotes social structures based on the gender 523:, it inappropriately does not call into question these same social structures; only the individual actor is questioned. The concept of "doing gender" recognizes that gender both structures human interactions and is created through them. 452:

Some archaeological evidence suggests that gender, in the sense of social and behavioral distinctions, arose "at least by some 30,000 years ago". More evidence was found as of "26,000 years ago", at least at the archeological site

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Other studies have noted that, while there is some tentative evidence for a potential genetic, neuroanatomical, and hormonal basis for gender identity, the specific biological mechanisms involved have not yet been demonstrated.

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as "The characteristics and roles of women and men according to social norms. While sex is described as female, male, and intersex, gender can be described as feminine, masculine, androgynous, and much more." According to the

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The guidelines recognise that individuals may identify as a gender other than the sex they were assigned at birth, or may not identify as exclusively male or female, and that this should be reflected in records held by the

4660: 4395:(2005): "Yet Jordan and Nick represent a segment of transgender communities that have largely been overlooked in transgender and student development research – individuals who express a non-binary construction of gender" 1096:

Some psychologists have argued that the distinction between the terms "sex" and "gender" should be abandoned. The term "gender/sex" has been proposed, to emphasise the inseparability of biological and cultural factors.

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in height is a consequence of sexual selection, while the "gender difference" typically seen in head hair length (women with longer hair) is not. Scientific research shows an individual's sex influences their behavior.

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While noting that typically sex is assigned based on genital inspection at birth, Raine Dozier states that biological sex is "a complex constellation of chromosomes, hormones, genitalia, and reproductive organs."

2666: 7913: 185:, which "reflect a complex interplay of psychological, environmental, cultural, and biological factors". Gender identity is thus seen as a "psychological concept that refers to an individual's self-perception". 4722: 2790:

Bhargava, Aditi; Arnold, Arthur P; Bangasser, Debra A; Denton, Kate M; Gupta, Arpana; Hilliard Krause, Lucinda M; Mayer, Emeran A; McCarthy, Margaret; Miller, Walter L; Raznahan, Armin; Verma, Ragini (2021).

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The answer is that there is an agreement by convention: individuals producing the smaller of the two gamete types-sperm or pollen- are males, and those producing larger gametes-eggs or ovules- are females.

973:, for instance, refers to the semantically based "covert" gender (e.g. male and female, not masculine and feminine) of English nouns, as opposed to the "overt" gender of some English pronouns; this yields 924:

By GENDER is meant a grammatical classification of nouns, pronouns, or other words in the noun phrase according to certain meaning-related distinctions, especially a distinction related to the sex of the

4378:", USA, May 2010. Retrieved on 2011-02-24. "An umbrella term for people whose gender identity and/or gender expression differs from what is typically associated with the sex they were assigned at birth." 4306:

Transgender is an umbrella term for people whose gender identities, gender expressions, and/or behaviors are different from those culturally associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth.

667:, the fact they are often confused or used interchangeably, and may differ across cultures and time, and explains that what the census attempts to measure, is "the sex composition of the population". 4624: 1310:

the body were already treated with scepticism in the ancient and medieval periods, and that Laqueur's periodisation of the shift from one-sex to two-sex was not as clear-cut as he made it out to be.

255:, it is stated that "sex refers to the biological categories of female and male, categories distinguished by genes, chromosomes, and hormones." One of the (context dependant) guidelines used by the 96:

separated the two, designating sex and gender as biological and cultural categories, respectively. Before the work of Bentley, Money and Stoller, the word gender was only regularly used to refer to

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tends to obscure the distinction between two different topics: (a) differences between males and females, and (b) individual differences in maleness and femaleness that occur within each sex.

445:, who innovated the term "gender identity", separated gender from sex as specifically cultural and biological categories, respectively, and treated them as "two different orders of data". 5841: 692:. ABS recognizes the popular confusion among the two terms, and provide descriptions of how to phrase surveys so as to elicit accurate responses for the purposes of the data they collect. 775:

as characteristics that are "biologically determined", drawing a distinction between the sex categories of male and female, and the genders "girls and boys who grow into men and women".

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In most individuals, the various biological determinants of sex are congruent, and sex is consistent with the individual's gender identity, but in rare circumstances, an individual's

8002: 6252: 5042: 838:(APA) in their Guide for Working With Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Patients (TGNC Guide) has guidance for psychiatrists about gender, sex, and orientation. The TGNC defines 4257:

is an umbrella term for people whose gender identity and/or gender expression differs from the sex they were assigned at birth (Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation , 2007).

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wrote that “We are, clearly, a multisexed species which has its sexuality spread along a vast continuum where the elements called male and female are not discrete.” This inspired

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refers primarily to the attributes of real-world entities – the relevant extralinguistic attributes being, for instance, male, female, non-personal, and indeterminate sex – and

7987: 680:(ABS) gathers data about the population broken down in various ways, including by sex and gender. They require precise formulations of these terms, and go into some detail about 4650: 3919: 7992: 7952: 3074: 2709: 1714: 1663: 7879: 4416:), page 666: "The authors note that, increasingly, in social science literature, the term "third gender" is being replaced by or conflated with the newer term "transgender." 4988: 4352:

Transgender: An umbrella term that describes people whose gender identity or gender expression differs from expectations associated with the sex assigned to them at birth.

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could then be re-defined as between-sex differences that are manifestations of a sexually dimorphic adaptation (which is how many scientists use the term), while the term

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of organisms that distinguish males and females". They also note that "octors can alter the physical characteristics of sex, but bodily sex does not determine gender."

5698: 655:: as "We ask one question about a person's sex to better understand demographic characteristics." The U.S. Census has had a question about sex on the census since the 4868: 1810: 3972: 1406: 916: 5915: 8041: 7780: 5106: 3619: 3351: 3254: 3096: 1788: 46:). Most contemporary social scientists, behavioral scientists and biologists, many legal systems and government bodies and intergovernmental agencies such as the 827:

as "a person's self representation as male or female, or how that person is responded to by social institutions based on the individual's gender presentation."

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suggests that from the Renaissance to the 18th century, there was a prevailing inclination among doctors towards the existence of only one biological sex (the

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Money J. Hermaphroditism, gender and precocity in hyperadrenocorticism: psychologic findings. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1955 Jun;96(6):253-64. PMID 14378807.

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states that "here are a number of indicators of biological sex, including sex chromosomes, gonads, internal reproductive organs, and external genitalia."

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Fausto-Sterling, Anne "Of Gender and Genitals" from Sexing the body: gender politics and the construction of sexuality New York, NY: Basic Books, 2000, .

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refers to a category, such as masculine, feminine, and neuter (frequently based on sex, but not exclusively so in all languages), that determines the

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van Anders, Sari M. (March 14, 2015). "Beyond Sexual Orientation: Integrating Gender/Sex and Diverse Sexualities via Sexual Configurations Theory".

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Comparing in-person and online survey respondents in the US National Transgender Discrimination Survey: implications for transgender health research

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It has been suggested that more useful distinctions to make would be whether a behavioral difference between the sexes is first due to an evolved

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are often used interchangeably, in contemporary academic literature, the terms often have distinct meanings, especially when referring to people.

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when referring to physiological differences between male and female organisms. In 2011, they reversed their position on this and began using

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Anisogamy can be defined as a mode of sexual reproduction in which fusing gametes, formed by participating parents, are dissimilar in size.

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Michael Stolberg. 2003. "A Woman Down to her Bones. The Anatomy of Sexual Difference in the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries."

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in biological terms, as "anatomical, hormonal, or genetic", and mentions birth assignment of sex based on external genital appearance.

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Thus German, for instance, has three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Nouns referring to people and animals of known sex are

256: 4981:"Draft Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff Evaluation of Sex Differences in Medical Device Clinical Studies" 413:, was of "kind" or "variety". By the 20th century, this meaning was obsolete, and the word gender was almost always used to refer to 8009: 7979: 7827: 6144: 6098: 5674: 5441: 5365: 5340: 4434: 4413: 2838: 2693: 1684: 1160:, then, if so, whether the adaptation is sexually dimorphic (different) or sexually monomorphic (the same in both sexes). The term 303:

According to Poston, "ex refers mainly to biological characteristics, while gender refers mainly to sociological characteristics."

177:"perception of the individual as male, female, or other, both by the individual and by society". The authors differentiate between 7928: 7865: 2933: 1750: 1748: 8208: 7713: 7532: 7517: 7213: 6951: 6825: 4980: 3550: 835: 240: 7706: 7701: 3512: 831:

is also now commonly used even to refer to the physiology of non-human animals, without any implication of social gender roles.

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Geary, D. C. (2009) Male, Female: The Evolution of Human Sex Differences. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association

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should be reserved for reference to the biological aspects of being male or female or to sexual activity, and that the word

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Jurik, Nancy C.; Siemsen, Cynthia (February 2009). "Doing gender as canon or agenda: A symposium on West and Zimmerman".

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beyond just sex assigned at birth, and the socially constructed nature of gender, including possible non-binary aspects.

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have been used interchangeably at least as early as the fourteenth century, this usage was not common by the late 1900s.

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as “a person's own sense of being male, female, some combination of male and female, or neither male nor female”. The

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should be used only to refer to sociocultural roles. ... In some situations this distinction avoids ambiguity, as in

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Based on different sex-specific external genitals. This definition usually results in the assignment of sex at birth.

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states that "Sex is often described as a biological construct defined on an anatomical, hormonal, or genetic basis."

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Hyde, Janet Shibley; Bigler, Rebecca S.; Joel, Daphna; Tate, Charlotte Chucky; van Anders, Sari M. (February 2019).

4920: 1543: 1365: 7969: 7889: 7567: 7507: 7448: 7365: 7275: 7218: 7099: 6815: 6575: 2793:"Considering Sex as a Biological Variable in Basic and Clinical Studies: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement" 1223: 1074: 7810: 2258: 1481: 7962: 7923: 6555: 4863: 4752: 2587: 1045:

as "the set of arrangements by which a society transforms biological sexuality into products of human activity”.

764: 656: 504:. Originally written in 1977 but not published until 1987, "Doing Gender" is the most cited article published in 210: 115: 1581: 8213: 7358: 7235: 5643: 384:

is not. The distinction can be problematic, however. Linguistically, there isn't any real difference between

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explaining and predicting human behavior and based on the feminine and masculine styles of lived experience.

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or replaces it. As formulated by Money, gender is seen as an additional variable of sex. The later work of

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Halpern, D. (2012). Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities (4th Ed.). NY: Psychology Press. p. 35 - 36.

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Kessler, Suzanne (1990). "The Medical Construction of Gender: Case Management of Intersexed Infants".

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Beyond the gender binary: A case study of two transgender students at a Midwestern research university

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Haier, Richard J, Rex E Jung, and others, 'The Neuroanatomy of General Intelligence: Sex Matters', in

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Experience, Meaning, and Identity in Sexuality: A Psychosocial Theory of Sexual Stability and Change

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pioneered the concept of a distinction between biological sex and gender identity in 1955. However,

8107: 7693: 7652: 7485: 6358: 4167: 4122: 4064: 2210:"The Inexorable Rise of Gender and the Decline of Sex: Social Change in Academic Titles, 1945–2001" 1433:"The Inexorable Rise of Gender and the Decline of Sex: Social Change in Academic Titles, 1945–2001" 1329: 874: 500: 469: 217:

Sex differences are primarily caused by hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors. According to

62: 4951:"Guideline for the Study and Evaluation of Gender Differences in the Clinical Evaluation of Drugs" 4512: 3268: 1227: 232:, whose work was the first to treat sex and gender as "two different orders of data", in his book 8187: 8145: 7842: 7792: 7267: 7019: 6748: 6627: 6505: 6067: 5794: 5692: 5635: 5588: 5406: 5383:"The Trojan Horse of Universalism: Language as a "War Machine" in the Writings of Monique Wittig" 5159: 5102: 4840: 4799: 4508: 4202: 4194: 4147: 4139: 4089: 4081: 4015: 3865: 3731: 3613: 3406: 3345: 3248: 3090: 2861: 2250: 2126: 1981: 1882: 1782: 1473: 1390: 1020: 905: 414: 97: 88: 4958: 3846:, Bioarchaeology and Social Theory, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 231–242, 2042: 1757:

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However, feminists who maintain that sex is also constructed are critical of the distinction.

847: 696: 554: 541: 458: 202: 5140:, Basiswissen Psychologie, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 147–154, 2970: 7480: 7196: 6723: 6580: 6051: 5920: 5887: 5879: 5770: 5725: 5619: 5572: 5537: 5501: 5470: 5433: 5390: 5294: 5230: 5141: 4830: 4791: 4455: 4186: 4131: 4073: 3999: 3847: 3763:(Smithsonian Books & Collins (HarperCollinsPublishers), 1st Smithsonian Books ed. 2007 ( 3713: 3432: 3390: 3009: 2873: 2820: 2804: 2569: 2447: 2429: 2388: 2370: 2351:"Coevolution of parental investment and sexually selected traits drives sex-role divergence" 2234: 2116: 2054: 1965: 1864: 1457: 1380: 1199: 1188: 1100: 593:), it may include people who are not exclusively masculine or feminine (e.g. people who are 206: 1123:

human existence seemed inappropriate in light of the biopsychosocial position I have taken.

8218: 7669: 7637: 7627: 7208: 7029: 6978: 6810: 6789: 6696: 6676: 6645: 6614: 6353: 6343: 6274: 6265: 6261: 5195: 5082: 4371: 4105: 2734: 2518: 1324: 1277: 1266: 1219: 912:

between nouns of different genders and associated words, such as articles and adjectives.

843: 550: 426: 166: 143: 123: 43: 42:) or personal identification of one's own gender based on their own personal sense of it ( 2238: 1461: 6139:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Univ. Press, 1st Harvard Univ. Press pbk. ed. 1992 ( 5133: 3839: 2366: 8117: 7593: 7588: 6880: 6840: 6769: 6590: 6328: 5892: 5867: 5474: 5286: 5234: 5226: 2825: 2393: 2350: 2278: 1247: 1195: 1066: 1049: 1025: 945:(meaning woman) is feminine and is associated with a feminine definite article to give 937:(meaning man) is masculine and is associated with a masculine definite article to give 789: 558: 442: 229: 218: 93: 3542: 2452: 2417: 892:

distinction. Traditionally, however, a distinction has been made by linguists between

723: 8202: 7674: 7657: 7642: 7603: 7385: 7313: 7058: 7014: 6845: 6835: 6805: 6784: 6774: 6733: 6701: 6650: 6485: 6338: 6071: 5868:"Stress-induced sex differences: adaptations mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor" 5639: 5592: 5426: 5163: 4844: 4803: 4206: 4151: 4093: 4019: 3987: 3869: 3735: 3410: 2043:"The Concept of gender identity disorder in childhood and adolescence after 39 years" 1239: 1235: 1207: 1128: 1053: 776: 630: 578: 38:

usually refers to either social roles typically associated with the sex of a person (

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April 19, 2006. 2574:10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_340-1 771:as "socially constructed", and 695:The government of the state of 678:Australian Bureau of Statistics 423:Man & Woman, Boy & Girl 380:, which is clear in a way that 7584:Cisgender / cissexual 7579:Childhood gender nonconformity 4864:WHO Regional Office for Europe 4727:Office for National Statistics 4719:Office for National Statistics 4406:The Transgender Studies Reader 3377:Dozier, Raine (June 1, 2005). 2695:The Evolution of Parental Care 2041:Money, John (September 1994). 396:is incorrect in this instance. 1: 8151:Social construction of gender 6916:Social construction of gender 5101:Fowler, Henry Watson (2015). 4796:10.1080/13645579.2020.1768346 4729:. Newport, South Wales: ONS. 4548:Attorney-General's Department 1335:Sex differences in psychology 138:, or the size differences of 7633:Gender-sexuality questioning 6901:Sex as a biological variable 5245:. 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(2017). 1440:Archives of Sexual Behavior 648:United States Census Bureau 527:Transgender and genderqueer 8250: 7568:Androphilia and gynephilia 7276:Gender self-identification 6816:Androphilia and gynephilia 6056:10.1177/089124393007004006 6006:Stoltenberg, John (1999). 5665:D., Yoder, Janice (2003). 5624:10.1007/s11406-019-00157-6 5577:10.1007/s11406-020-00308-0 3718:10.1002/9781119535812.ch11 3304:Poston, Dudley L. (2019). 1755:O'Halloran, Kerry (2020). 1662:Lindsey, Linda L. (2010). 1181: 1173:Social construction of sex 1133:Gender, Nature and Nurture 1013: 953:, the table) or feminine ( 872: 530: 483: 356:(5th edition) states that 337:Merriam-Webster Dictionary 314: 8161: 7344:Against non-binary people 7025:Non-binary or genderqueer 6135:Lacqueur, Thomas Walter, 5775:10.1007/s10508-015-0490-8 4318:Marla Berg-Weger (2016). 4004:10.1007/s11759-017-9303-0 3575:The biopolitics of gender 3532:, sense 2b and Usage Note 2059:10.1080/00926239408403428 1719:. ABC-CLIO. p. 153. 1514:Neil R., Carlson (2010). 883:and socially constructed 765:World Health Organization 715:United Kingdom government 571:from one sex to another. 328:Oxford English Dictionary 116:Oxford English Dictionary 6364:Non-binary / genderqueer 6198:, pp. 68 & 135. 5981:Dworkin, Andrea (1974). 5237:; Svartvik, Jan (1985). 4882:determines gender roles. 4479:"Why We Ask About...Sex" 4191:10.1177/0891243208326529 4136:10.1177/0891243208326677 3395:10.1177/0891243204272153 3049:Geary, David C. (2021). 2005:. Springer. p. 24. 688:and how it differs from 617:). Other definitions of 405:The historic meaning of 253:The Psychology of Gender 201:is typically applied to 8209:Conceptual distinctions 7469:Non-binary People's Day 7349:Against transgender men 7064: 6997:Bissu, Calabai, Calalai 6926:Transgender archaeology 6117:, Vol. 16, No. 1: 3-26. 5457:Heinämaa, Sara (1997). 5424:Butler, Judith (1999). 5381:Zerilli, Linda (1990). 5132:Helfrich, Hede (2019), 4836:10.1111/1467-923X.13029 4688:Department of Health WA 4228:Oxford University Press 3462:www.merriam-webster.com 2739:"9 Battle of the Sexes" 2308:www.merriam-webster.com 1262:Intersexuality research 920:, for instance, states 858:Political organizations 585:of their assigned sex ( 8234:Social constructionism 8188:Transgender portal 8142:Sex–gender distinction 7610:Gender detransitioning 7426:Anatomical terminology 6921:Split attraction model 6906:Sex–gender distinction 5270:Mills, Anne E (2012). 4511:(September 11, 2020). 4460:10.1089/lgbt.2013.0018 3578:. Oxford. p. 49. 3458:"Definition of GENDER" 3437:10.1093/oed/2250688057 3307:Handbook of population 3015:10.1093/cercor/9.8.896 2809:10.1210/endrev/bnaa034 2105:"The Nature of Gender" 1366:"The Nature of Gender" 1154: 1125: 1080: 1063: 927: 546: 461:time period. From the 415:grammatical categories 398: 322:Dictionary definitions 211:human "sex difference" 109:Dictionary definitions 98:grammatical categories 8128:Queer heterosexuality 7648:Rapid-onset dysphoria 7326:Yogyakarta Principles 6896:Queer heterosexuality 5914:Mills, M.E. (2011). " 5872:Hormones and Behavior 5718:American Psychologist 4987:. December 19, 2011. 4961:on September 13, 2017 4927:. December 18, 2019. 4859:"Gender: definitions" 4817:Sullivan, A. (2021). 4778:Sullivan, A. (2020). 4721:(February 21, 2019). 3572:Repo, Jemima (2016). 2590:on November 4, 2020. 2355:Nature Communications 2155:Aldous, Joan (1967). 1803:"Gender: definitions" 1544:"Gender and Genetics" 1345:Queer heterosexuality 1169:"gender difference". 1137: 1120: 1110:argued problems with 682:sex recorded at birth 671:Australian government 559:sex assigned at birth 544: 366: 291:sex-specific hormones 89:Issac Madison Bentley 8224:Feminism and history 7622:Gender transitioning 7574:Blanchard's typology 7496:fictional characters 7354:Anti-gender movement 7306:Rights organizations 6876:Anti-gender movement 6851:Romantic orientation 6044:Gender & Society 5498:Feminist Metaphysics 5291:Feminist Metaphysics 4659:. January 14, 2021. 4168:Gender & Society 4123:Gender & Society 4065:Gender & Society 3383:Gender & Society 3210:Psychology of gender 2608:(October 10, 2019). 1851:Haig, David (2000). 1839:Bhargava et al. 2021 1605:The gendered society 1554:on November 11, 2012 1522:. pp. 140–141. 1320:Anti-gender movement 1273:Anne Fausto-Sterling 1204:How Men Have (a) Sex 1184:Feminist metaphysics 759:Health organizations 8108:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 7441:LGBTQ-related films 7418:Society and culture 6628:Sexual orientations 6359:Masculine of center 6220:Joan Cadden. 1993. 6181:, pp. 150–151. 5542:10.1093/mind/fzx041 5103:Butterfield, Jeremy 4823:Political Quarterly 4513:"About Age and Sex" 3986:Turek, Jan (2016). 2376:10.1038/ncomms12517 2367:2016NatCo...712517F 2304:"Definition of SEX" 1853:"Of sex and gender" 1643:on February 2, 2011 1330:Gender polarization 875:Language and gender 348:dictionary defines 282:Based on different 275:Based on different 209:. For example, the 63:sex characteristics 8146:Sexual orientation 7454:Day of Remembrance 6749:Same gender loving 6660:Alternative labels 5731:10.1037/amp0000307 5389:(25/26): 146–170. 5192:Huddleston, Rodney 5081:2012-05-30 at the 4509:U.S. Census Bureau 4429:, volume 1 (2010, 4370:2012-05-30 at the 4104:2015-12-25 at the 3488:www.britannica.com 3464:. October 14, 2023 2878:10.4158/EP14351.RA 2866:Endocrine Practice 1574:"Sex & Gender" 1286:Historicity of sex 1021:Simone de Beauvoir 965:means "the girl". 906:grammatical gender 811:(FDA) used to use 734:. You can help by 547: 506:Gender and Society 501:Gender and Society 429:. This meaning of 425:, was embraced by 203:sexually dimorphic 183:gender differences 8196: 8195: 8094: 8093: 7616:Gender expression 7459:Day of Visibility 6980:Gender identities 6934: 6933: 6881:Gender assignment 6864: 6863: 6609: 6608: 6349:Gender neutrality 6190:Laqueur, Thomas, 6173:Laqueur, Thomas, 6156:Laqueur, Thomas, 5947:978-0-19-932858-1 5669:. Prentice Hall. 5515:978-90-481-3782-4 5308:978-90-481-3782-4 5256:978-0-582-51734-9 5231:Greenbaum, Sidney 5209:978-0-521-43146-0 5155:978-3-662-57664-9 5118:978-0-19-966135-0 4699:on March 16, 2021 4280:SAGE Publications 3918:. April 6, 2011. 3861:978-3-319-93011-4 3807:The Invisible Sex 3801:Adovasio, J. M., 3786:The Invisible Sex 3780:Adovasio, J. M., 3769:978-0-06-117091-1 3727:978-1-119-53581-2 3670:978-1-119-53580-5 3585:978-0-19-025691-3 3317:978-3-030-10910-3 3220:978-1-138-10034-3 3135:978-1-84940-181-4 3062:978-1-4338-3357-1 2797:Endocrine Reviews 2752:978-0-19-286092-7 2705:978-0-19-969257-6 2662:978-0-12-801683-1 2621:978-1-108-49985-9 2583:978-3-319-47829-6 2534:978-0-691-00981-0 2519:Majerus, M. E. N. 2492:978-0-19-965714-8 2264:on June 15, 2012. 2168:978-1-4529-1037-6 2012:978-1-137-40096-3 1922:978-0-226-18658-0 1766:978-0-429-44265-0 1726:978-0-275-99677-2 1690:on April 5, 2015. 1680:978-0-13-244830-7 1614:978-0-19-026031-6 1305:Scholars such as 1292:Thomas W. Laqueur 1166:gender difference 1043:sex/gender system 848:gender expression 752: 751: 697:Western Australia 555:gender expression 459:Upper Paleolithic 455:Dolní Věstonice I 8241: 8186: 8185: 8065: 7932: 7898: 7869: 7819: 7737: 7710: 7690: 7624: 7612: 7570: 7491:Media portrayals 7419: 7197:Gender dysphoria 7190: 7069: 6981: 6961: 6954: 6947: 6938: 6724:Non-heterosexual 6624: 6282: 6255: 6248: 6241: 6232: 6225: 6218: 6212: 6205: 6199: 6188: 6182: 6171: 6165: 6154: 6148: 6133: 6127: 6124: 6118: 6111: 6105: 6104: 6086: 6080: 6079: 6035: 6026: 6025: 6003: 5997: 5996: 5978: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5931: 5925: 5921:Psychology Today 5912: 5906: 5905: 5895: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5846: 5835: 5827: 5821: 5818: 5812: 5809: 5803: 5802: 5769:(5): 1177–1213. 5758: 5752: 5751: 5733: 5709: 5703: 5702: 5696: 5688: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5571:(4): 1391–1406. 5560: 5554: 5553: 5536:(506): 618–627. 5525: 5519: 5518: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5431: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5378: 5372: 5371: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5328: 5319: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5267: 5261: 5260: 5244: 5223: 5214: 5213: 5196:Pullum, Geoffrey 5188: 5179: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5098: 5092: 5069: 5063: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5038: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5007: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4977: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4957:. 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8118:Gender studies 8115: 8110: 8104: 8103: 8102: 8100: 8096: 8095: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8088: 8082: 8080: 8078:office-holders 8072: 8071: 8069: 8068: 8067: 8066: 8051: 8050: 8049: 8044: 8034: 8033: 8032: 8025:United Kingdom 8022: 8021: 8020: 8012: 8007: 8006: 8005: 7997: 7996: 7995: 7990: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7966: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7940: 7935: 7934: 7933: 7918: 7917: 7916: 7914:2016 bill C-16 7906: 7901: 7900: 7899: 7884: 7883: 7882: 7872: 7871: 7870: 7858: 7847: 7845: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7808: 7803: 7797: 7795: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7785: 7784: 7783: 7773: 7771:United Kingdom 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7698: 7696: 7687: 7683: 7682: 7678: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7666: 7665: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7618: 7613: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7594:Cross-dressing 7591: 7589:Cisnormativity 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7563: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7549: 7542: 7537: 7536: 7535: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7504: 7503: 7498: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7477: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7449:Awareness Week 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7422: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7409: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7366:Asylum seekers 7363: 7362: 7361: 7351: 7346: 7340: 7338: 7336:Discrimination 7332: 7331: 7329: 7328: 7323: 7322: 7321: 7316: 7314:bathroom bills 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7272: 7270: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7249: 7248: 7243: 7233: 7232: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7211: 7206: 7205: 7204: 7193: 7191: 7182: 7181: 7177: 7176: 7171: 7170: 7169: 7162: 7152: 7151: 7150: 7143: 7136: 7126: 7121: 7120: 7119: 7114: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7075: 7070: 7061: 7056: 7046: 7041: 7034: 7033: 7032: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7000: 6993: 6987: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6975: 6974: 6966: 6964: 6963: 6956: 6949: 6941: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6872: 6870: 6866: 6865: 6862: 6861: 6859: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6841:Plurisexuality 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6802: 6800: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6770:Sociosexuality 6766: 6764: 6763:Social aspects 6760: 6759: 6757: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6709:Heteroflexible 6706: 6705: 6704: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6663: 6661: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6632: 6630: 6621: 6611: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6591:Vakasalewalewa 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6482: 6481: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6460: 6459: 6456: 6453: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6424: 6422: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6410: 6405: 6404: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6383: 6378: 6377: 6376: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6290: 6288: 6279: 6271: 6270: 6260: 6258: 6257: 6250: 6243: 6235: 6227: 6226: 6213: 6200: 6183: 6166: 6149: 6128: 6119: 6106: 6099: 6081: 6050:(4): 568–581. 6027: 6016: 5998: 5991: 5973: 5946: 5926: 5907: 5858: 5822: 5813: 5804: 5753: 5724:(2): 171–193. 5704: 5675: 5657: 5618:(3): 873–892. 5598: 5555: 5520: 5514: 5488: 5449: 5442: 5416: 5395:10.2307/466245 5373: 5366: 5348: 5341: 5320: 5307: 5277: 5262: 5255: 5215: 5208: 5180: 5154: 5124: 5117: 5093: 5064: 5033: 5002: 4972: 4942: 4912: 4886: 4850: 4829:(4): 638–651. 4809: 4790:(5): 517–524. 4770: 4744: 4710: 4674: 4642: 4606: 4570: 4534: 4500: 4464: 4439: 4418: 4397: 4380: 4356: 4335:978-1317592020 4334: 4310: 4289:978-1483364698 4288: 4261: 4237:978-0199838271 4236: 4212: 4175:(1): 112–122. 4157: 4109: 4072:(2): 125–151. 4037: 3998:(3): 340–358. 3978: 3933: 3901: 3886: 3860: 3830: 3815: 3794: 3773: 3752: 3726: 3696: 3669: 3646: 3625: 3584: 3564: 3534: 3500: 3475: 3449: 3416: 3389:(3): 297–316. 3369: 3357: 3316: 3296: 3260: 3219: 3199: 3173: 3161: 3134: 3114: 3102: 3061: 3041: 3029: 3008:(8): 896–901. 2988: 2962: 2936: 2921: 2912: 2903: 2872:(2): 199–204. 2852: 2803:(3): 219–258. 2782: 2751: 2726: 2704: 2680: 2661: 2639: 2620: 2596: 2582: 2552: 2533: 2510: 2491: 2471: 2408: 2341: 2325: 2295: 2267: 2208:(April 2004). 2194: 2167: 2144: 2115:(4): 561–573. 2092: 2053:(3): 163–177. 2030: 2011: 1991: 1964:(2): 212–246. 1948: 1921: 1901: 1892: 1843: 1824: 1794: 1765: 1744: 1725: 1705: 1693: 1679: 1654: 1628: 1613: 1595: 1565: 1535: 1529:978-0205702862 1528: 1506: 1490: 1431:(April 2004). 1415: 1379:(4): 561–573. 1355: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1315: 1312: 1296:one-sex theory 1287: 1284: 1263: 1260: 1248:Monique Wittig 1224:Gayatri Spivak 1202:'s 1989 essay 1196:Andrea Dworkin 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1162:sex difference 1103:, in her book 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1073:In Beauvoir’s 1067:Anglo-American 1050:Monique Wittig 1026:The Second Sex 1011: 1008: 955:die Armbanduhr 870: 869:In linguistics 867: 859: 856: 850:. They define 760: 757: 750: 749: 729: 727: 716: 713: 672: 669: 643: 640: 638: 635: 631:cross-dressers 528: 525: 484:Main article: 481: 478: 443:Robert Stoller 402: 399: 323: 320: 315:Main article: 312: 309: 301: 300: 297: 294: 287: 280: 264: 261: 248: 245: 230:Robert Stoller 226: 223: 194: 191: 132: 129: 110: 107: 105: 102: 94:Robert Stoller 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8246: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8206: 8204: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8163: 8160: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8105: 8101: 8097: 8087: 8086:United States 8084: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8073: 8063: 8058: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8042:legal history 8040: 8039: 8038: 8037:United States 8035: 8031: 8028: 8027: 8026: 8023: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8004: 8001: 8000: 7999:South Africa 7998: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7985: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7945: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7930: 7925: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7915: 7912: 7911: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7896: 7891: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7881: 7878: 7877: 7876: 7873: 7867: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7853: 7852: 7849: 7848: 7846: 7844: 7840: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7817: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7806:ancient Egypt 7804: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7796: 7794: 7790: 7782: 7779: 7778: 7777: 7776:United States 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7735: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7708: 7703: 7700: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7691: 7688: 7684: 7676: 7675:Transmisogyny 7673: 7671: 7668: 7664: 7661: 7660: 7659: 7658:Transfeminism 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7643:Postgenderism 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7623: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7611: 7607: 7605: 7604:Gender binary 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7569: 7565: 7564: 7560: 7554: 7548: 7547: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7534: 7531: 7530: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7415: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7386:Transmisogyny 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7360: 7357: 7356: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7333: 7327: 7324: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7265: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7237: 7234: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7224:masculinizing 7222: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7198: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7188: 7183: 7175: 7172: 7168: 7167: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7157: 7156: 7153: 7149: 7148: 7144: 7142: 7141: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7131: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7112: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7080: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7068: 7067: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7051: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7028: 7027: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7015:Gender bender 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7005: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6988: 6984: 6982: 6976: 6972: 6969: 6962: 6957: 6955: 6950: 6948: 6943: 6942: 6939: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6846:Postgenderism 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6836:Monosexuality 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6806:Allosexuality 6804: 6803: 6801: 6797: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6785:Homosociality 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6775:Antisexuality 6773: 6771: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6761: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6703: 6700: 6699: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6658: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6612: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6480: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6457: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6449: 6448:Bugis genders 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6419: 6418:Third genders 6415: 6409: 6406: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6388: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6339:Gender bender 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6329:Cross-dresser 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6272: 6267: 6263: 6256: 6251: 6249: 6244: 6242: 6237: 6236: 6233: 6223: 6217: 6214: 6210: 6204: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6187: 6184: 6180: 6176: 6170: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6153: 6150: 6146: 6145:0-674-54355-6 6142: 6138: 6132: 6129: 6123: 6120: 6116: 6110: 6107: 6102: 6100:9780253208620 6096: 6092: 6085: 6082: 6078: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6034: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6019: 6013: 6009: 6002: 5999: 5994: 5988: 5984: 5977: 5974: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5943: 5939: 5938: 5930: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5911: 5908: 5903: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5862: 5859: 5843: 5839: 5832: 5826: 5823: 5817: 5814: 5808: 5805: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5757: 5754: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5708: 5705: 5700: 5694: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5676:0-13-099585-1 5672: 5668: 5661: 5658: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5602: 5599: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5559: 5556: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5524: 5521: 5517: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5492: 5489: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5453: 5450: 5445: 5443:9780415924993 5439: 5435: 5430: 5429: 5420: 5417: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5377: 5374: 5369: 5367:9780822349716 5363: 5359: 5352: 5349: 5344: 5342:9780253208620 5338: 5334: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5310: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5281: 5278: 5273: 5266: 5263: 5258: 5252: 5248: 5243: 5242: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5222: 5220: 5216: 5211: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5187: 5185: 5181: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5128: 5125: 5120: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5097: 5094: 5090: 5089: 5084: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5068: 5065: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5037: 5034: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5006: 5003: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4973: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4946: 4943: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4916: 4913: 4901: 4897: 4890: 4887: 4883: 4870: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4854: 4851: 4846: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4810: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4774: 4771: 4758: 4754: 4748: 4745: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4714: 4711: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4678: 4675: 4662: 4658: 4657: 4652: 4646: 4643: 4639: 4626: 4622: 4621: 4616: 4610: 4607: 4603: 4590: 4586: 4585: 4580: 4574: 4571: 4567: 4554: 4550: 4549: 4544: 4538: 4535: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4504: 4501: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4443: 4440: 4436: 4435:1-4419-1465-X 4432: 4428: 4422: 4419: 4415: 4414:1-135-39884-4 4411: 4407: 4401: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4366: 4360: 4357: 4353: 4341: 4337: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4314: 4311: 4307: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4276: 4268: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4256: 4243: 4239: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4224: 4216: 4213: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4169: 4161: 4158: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4124: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4107: 4103: 4100: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4066: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3992:Archaeologies 3989: 3982: 3979: 3974: 3968: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3937: 3934: 3921: 3917: 3916:The Telegraph 3912: 3905: 3902: 3898: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3834: 3831: 3826: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3798: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3753: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3700: 3697: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3650: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3626: 3621: 3615: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3581: 3577: 3576: 3568: 3565: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3514: 3510: 3504: 3501: 3489: 3485: 3479: 3476: 3463: 3459: 3453: 3450: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3417: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3373: 3370: 3367:, p. 21. 3366: 3361: 3358: 3353: 3347: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3313: 3309: 3308: 3300: 3297: 3281: 3277: 3270: 3264: 3261: 3256: 3250: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3216: 3212: 3211: 3203: 3200: 3187: 3183: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3165: 3162: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3131: 3127: 3126: 3118: 3115: 3112:, p. 49. 3111: 3106: 3103: 3098: 3092: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3058: 3054: 3053: 3045: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3030: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2992: 2989: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2963: 2950: 2946: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2925: 2922: 2916: 2913: 2907: 2904: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2856: 2853: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2730: 2727: 2723: 2711: 2707: 2701: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2684: 2681: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2643: 2640: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2607: 2600: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2556: 2553: 2540: 2536: 2530: 2526: 2525: 2520: 2514: 2511: 2498: 2494: 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1086: 1084: 1079: 1076: 1070: 1068: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1054:Judith Butler 1051: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1009: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 976: 972: 966: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 926: 921: 919: 918: 913: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 890: 886: 882: 876: 868: 866: 864: 857: 855: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 832: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 805: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 782: 778: 777:Fenway Health 774: 770: 766: 758: 756: 746: 737: 733: 730:This section 728: 725: 721: 720: 714: 712: 710: 706: 702: 698: 693: 691: 687: 683: 679: 670: 668: 666: 662: 658: 654: 649: 641: 636: 634: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 579:umbrella term 576: 572: 570: 566: 565: 560: 556: 552: 543: 538: 534: 526: 524: 522: 518: 513: 509: 507: 503: 502: 496: 494: 487: 477: 475: 471: 466: 464: 460: 456: 450: 446: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 400: 397: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 365: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 342: 338: 333: 329: 321: 318: 310: 308: 304: 298: 295: 292: 288: 285: 281: 278: 274: 273: 272: 270: 269:Dudley Poston 262: 260: 258: 254: 247:Psychologists 246: 244: 242: 237: 235: 231: 225:Psychiatrists 224: 222: 220: 215: 212: 208: 204: 200: 192: 190: 186: 184: 180: 174: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 147: 145: 141: 137: 130: 128: 125: 121: 118: 117: 108: 103: 101: 99: 95: 90: 86: 83: 79: 75: 70: 68: 64: 60: 56: 51: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 29: 28: 23: 22: 16: 7823:Nazi Germany 7544: 7518:Publications 7436:Christianity 7371:Cisgenderism 7291:Legal status 7281:Legal gender 7253:Legal status 7189:and medicine 7164: 7145: 7138: 7109: 7077: 7049:Third gender 7036: 7002: 6995: 6905: 6886:Gender roles 6831:Kinsey scale 6821:Aromanticism 6697:Gray asexual 6646:Heterosexual 6571:Sworn virgin 6541:Mukhannathun 6443:Binabinaaine 6221: 6216: 6211:94: 274-299. 6208: 6203: 6195: 6191: 6186: 6178: 6174: 6169: 6161: 6157: 6152: 6136: 6131: 6122: 6114: 6109: 6090: 6084: 6075: 6047: 6043: 6021: 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Retrieved 5936: 5929: 5919: 5910: 5878:(3): 210–8. 5875: 5871: 5861: 5849:. Retrieved 5837: 5825: 5816: 5807: 5766: 5762: 5756: 5721: 5717: 5707: 5666: 5660: 5650:September 6, 5648:. Retrieved 5615: 5611: 5601: 5568: 5564: 5558: 5533: 5529: 5523: 5497: 5491: 5469:(1): 20–39. 5466: 5462: 5452: 5427: 5419: 5386: 5376: 5357: 5351: 5332: 5312:, retrieved 5290: 5280: 5271: 5265: 5240: 5199: 5172:, retrieved 5137: 5127: 5107: 5096: 5086: 5073: 5067: 5055:. Retrieved 5046: 5036: 5024:. Retrieved 5015: 5005: 4993:. Retrieved 4984: 4975: 4963:. Retrieved 4959:the original 4954: 4945: 4933:. Retrieved 4924: 4915: 4903:. Retrieved 4899: 4889: 4880: 4873:. Retrieved 4862: 4853: 4826: 4822: 4812: 4787: 4783: 4773: 4763:December 16, 4761:. Retrieved 4747: 4735:. Retrieved 4726: 4713: 4701:. Retrieved 4697:the original 4686: 4677: 4665:. Retrieved 4654: 4645: 4636: 4629:. Retrieved 4618: 4609: 4600: 4593:. Retrieved 4582: 4573: 4564: 4557:. Retrieved 4546: 4537: 4525:. Retrieved 4503: 4491:. Retrieved 4482: 4451: 4447: 4442: 4426: 4421: 4405: 4400: 4392: 4388: 4387:B Bilodeau, 4383: 4359: 4351: 4344:. Retrieved 4320: 4313: 4305: 4298:. Retrieved 4274: 4254: 4253: 4246:. Retrieved 4222: 4215: 4172: 4166: 4160: 4130:(1): 72–75. 4127: 4121: 4069: 4063: 4028:. Retrieved 3995: 3991: 3981: 3955:. Retrieved 3946: 3936: 3924:. Retrieved 3915: 3904: 3878:, retrieved 3843: 3833: 3824: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3760: 3755: 3744:, retrieved 3709: 3699: 3687:. Retrieved 3659: 3649: 3602:. Retrieved 3574: 3567: 3555:. Retrieved 3546: 3537: 3529: 3525: 3517:. Retrieved 3503: 3491:. Retrieved 3487: 3478: 3466:. Retrieved 3461: 3452: 3440:. Retrieved 3428: 3419: 3386: 3382: 3372: 3360: 3334:. Retrieved 3306: 3299: 3287:. Retrieved 3275: 3263: 3237:. Retrieved 3209: 3202: 3190:. Retrieved 3176: 3171:, p. 9. 3169:Stoller 1984 3164: 3152:. Retrieved 3124: 3117: 3105: 3079:. Retrieved 3051: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3005: 3001: 2991: 2979:. Retrieved 2965: 2953:. Retrieved 2939: 2929: 2924: 2915: 2906: 2894:. Retrieved 2869: 2865: 2855: 2843:. Retrieved 2800: 2796: 2785: 2776: 2769:. Retrieved 2742: 2729: 2721: 2714:. Retrieved 2694: 2690:Kokko, Hanna 2683: 2671:. Retrieved 2652: 2642: 2630:. Retrieved 2610: 2599: 2591: 2588:the original 2565: 2555: 2543:. Retrieved 2523: 2513: 2501:. Retrieved 2481: 2474: 2465: 2425: 2422:PLOS Biology 2421: 2411: 2361:(1): 12517. 2358: 2354: 2344: 2328: 2316:. Retrieved 2307: 2298: 2286:. Retrieved 2282: 2259:the original 2223:(2): 87–96. 2220: 2216: 2185:. Retrieved 2157: 2112: 2108: 2083:. Retrieved 2050: 2046: 2021:. Retrieved 2001: 1994: 1961: 1957: 1951: 1941:September 5, 1939:. Retrieved 1911: 1904: 1895: 1860: 1856: 1846: 1815:. Retrieved 1806: 1797: 1756: 1737:September 6, 1735:. Retrieved 1715: 1708: 1703:, p. 3. 1696: 1685:the original 1670: 1657: 1645:. Retrieved 1641:the original 1631: 1604: 1598: 1586:. Retrieved 1577: 1568: 1556:. Retrieved 1552:the original 1547: 1538: 1515: 1509: 1501: 1482:the original 1446:(2): 87–96. 1443: 1439: 1376: 1372: 1359: 1340:Stereotyping 1304: 1289: 1276: 1271: 1265: 1244:Moira Gatens 1217: 1203: 1194: 1187: 1165: 1161: 1155: 1149: 1144: 1140: 1138: 1132: 1126: 1121: 1118:terminology: 1115: 1111: 1104: 1099: 1095: 1081: 1072: 1064: 1059: 1047: 1024: 1019: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 974: 970: 967: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 928: 923: 915: 914: 901: 897: 893: 888: 884: 880: 878: 861: 851: 839: 833: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 806: 790:assigned sex 780: 772: 768: 762: 753: 740: 736:adding to it 731: 708: 704: 700: 694: 689: 685: 674: 664: 660: 652: 645: 626: 623:third gender 618: 582: 574: 573: 562: 557:, and their 548: 517:doing gender 516: 514: 510: 505: 499: 493:doing gender 491: 489: 486:Doing Gender 467: 451: 447: 438: 434: 430: 422: 410: 406: 404: 393: 389: 385: 382:sex research 381: 377: 373: 369: 367: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 340: 336: 331: 327: 325: 305: 302: 267:Sociologist 266: 263:Sociologists 252: 250: 238: 233: 228: 216: 198: 196: 187: 182: 178: 175: 148: 134: 122: 114: 112: 77: 73: 71: 55:assigned sex 52: 35: 31: 25: 19: 17: 15: 8060: [ 8010:South Korea 7980:New Zealand 7927: [ 7893: [ 7864: [ 7828:South Korea 7814: [ 7732: [ 7705: [ 7513:Pornography 7406:trans panic 7202:in children 7187:Health care 7174:Transsexual 7155:Transgender 7129:Trans woman 7085:Mudoko dako 7066:Femminiello 6968:Transgender 6744:Questioning 6617:orientation 6536:Mudoko dako 6496:Femminiello 6408:Transsexual 6386:Trans woman 6369:Transgender 5612:Philosophia 5565:Philosophia 5387:Social Text 4905:October 17, 4566:government. 4452:LGBT Health 4255:Transgender 3897:Geller 2019 3642:Dobres 2020 3547:www.oed.com 3493:October 17, 3468:October 17, 3442:October 17, 3429:www.oed.com 3365:Poston 2019 3276:www.apa.org 2562:"Anisogamy" 2428:(6): e183. 2283:www.oed.com 2206:Haig, David 1701:Kimmel 2017 1673:. Pearson. 1429:Haig, David 1307:Joan Cadden 1256:Vicki Kirby 1252:Naomi Schor 1127:She quotes 1087:Limitations 1039:Gayle Rubin 1010:In feminism 887:, the term 815:instead of 798:transsexual 794:transgender 767:'s defines 657:1790 census 642:U.S. Census 627:transgender 619:transgender 611:genderfluid 595:genderqueer 591:trans women 577:is also an 575:Transgender 564:transsexual 537:Genderqueer 533:Transgender 470:Corded Ware 386:gender bias 277:chromosomes 219:David Geary 59:transgender 40:gender role 8203:Categories 7963:Tamil Nadu 7686:By country 7599:Deadnaming 7556:Theory and 7533:ice hockey 7376:Inequality 7219:feminizing 7105:Two-spirit 7090:Mukhannath 7059:Faʻafafine 6780:Asociality 6734:Polysexual 6702:Demisexual 6672:Bi-curious 6651:Homosexual 6619:identities 6586:Two-spirit 6491:Fakafifine 6486:Fa'afafine 6428:Androgynos 6277:identities 6268:identities 6192:Making Sex 6175:Making Sex 6158:Making Sex 6017:1841420417 5992:0452268273 5966:October 1, 5174:August 18, 4030:October 7, 3957:August 30, 3880:August 30, 3746:October 7, 3689:October 9, 3679:1237591404 3604:October 1, 3557:October 7, 3336:October 2, 3326:1099314653 3239:October 1, 3154:October 1, 3081:October 2, 3071:1141916227 2930:NeuroImage 2896:October 8, 2845:October 4, 2716:August 16, 2545:August 16, 2503:August 16, 2109:Demography 2023:August 16, 1863:(4): 373. 1817:August 22, 1775:1110674742 1373:Demography 1351:References 1300:discourses 1290:Historian 1182:See also: 1158:adaptation 1014:See also: 873:See also: 802:non-binary 599:non-binary 569:transition 463:Mesolithic 419:John Money 362:Usage Note 346:Britannica 165:or eggs). 131:Biologists 85:John Money 82:Sexologist 8076:Political 7988:2017 bill 7984:Pakistan 7948:2014 Bill 7875:Australia 7851:Argentina 7833:Singapore 7766:Singapore 7714:Australia 7702:Argentina 7523:Sexuality 7258:Pregnancy 7241:to female 7166:Akava'ine 7134:Fakaleitī 7124:Trans man 7044:Koekchuch 7010:Cisgender 7004:Burrnesha 6991:Androgyne 6754:Takatāpui 6729:Pansexual 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1931:902609808 1783:cite book 1647:March 20, 1623:949553050 1448:CiteSeerX 1035:feminists 951:der Tisch 931:generally 925:referent. 910:agreement 743:June 2021 607:pangender 587:trans men 521:dichotomy 437:includes 197:The term 157:); while 136:Anisogamy 8176:Category 8171:Timeline 8123:Intersex 8099:See also 8057:2018 law 8053:Uruguay 8047:title IX 8030:2004 act 8018:2022 law 8003:2003 Act 7993:2018 Act 7953:2019 Act 7924:2018 law 7890:2016 law 7886:Bolivia 7880:re Kevin 7861:2021 law 7856:2012 law 7724:Cambodia 7558:concepts 7401:killings 7396:genocide 7391:Violence 7310:Toilets 7296:Marriage 7140:Mak nyah 7117:X-gender 7100:Travesti 6891:Intersex 6869:See also 6856:Sapphism 6641:Bisexual 6601:X-gender 6576:Travesti 6551:Nádleehi 6464:Chibados 6396:Mak nyah 6196:op. cit. 6179:op. cit. 6162:op. cit. 5960:Archived 5902:22426413 5842:Archived 5838:ucsb.edu 5799:20340818 5791:25772652 5748:30024214 5685:49936153 5644:Archived 5314:March 7, 5198:(2002). 5168:archived 5079:Archived 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1637:"GENDER" 1588:July 31, 1582:Archived 1558:July 31, 1470:15146141 1407:Archived 1314:See also 1056:writes: 1031:feminism 947:die Frau 941:, while 939:der Mann 900:, where 603:bigender 583:opposite 390:sex bias 339:defines 67:intersex 8166:Outline 7975:Ireland 7938:Germany 7746:Finland 7694:History 7653:Studies 7486:History 7445:Events 7246:to male 7236:Surgery 7147:Rae-rae 7073:Khanith 7038:Kathoey 6719:Lesbian 6714:Khanith 6692:Gay men 6636:Asexual 6566:Sipiniq 6526:Lhamana 6511:Kathoey 6458:Calalai 6455:Calabai 6401:Rae-rae 6286:Genders 5893:3384757 5463:Hypatia 5247:314–316 5105:(ed.). 4955:hhs.gov 4935:May 23, 3519:June 5, 2826:8348944 2673:May 11, 2394:4992156 2363:Bibcode 2333:Daly, M 2255:7005542 2139:7890091 2131:2061790 2075:7996589 1986:1417846 1887:5127617 1520:Pearson 1504:. 8(4). 1478:7005542 1403:7890091 1395:2061790 1246:, 988:brother 963:Mädchen 779:define 615:agender 401:History 326:In the 159:females 140:gametes 72:Though 8219:Gender 8113:Gender 8014:Spain 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