435:
335:
46:
549:
In
Vietnam, the three along with chrysanthemum create a combination of four trees and flowers usually seen in pictures and decorative items. The four also appear in works but mostly separately with the same symbolic significance. They are known as
483:
in Japan. They are particularly associated with the start of the New Year, appearing on greeting cards and as a design stamped into seasonal sweets. They are sometimes also used as a three-tier ranking system; in this context, the
318:. The Chinese celebrated the pine, bamboo and plum together, for they observed that unlike many other plants these plants do not wither as the cold days deepen into the winter season. Known by the Chinese as the
349:
The Three
Friends of Winter are common in works of art from Chinese culture and those cultures influenced by it. The three are first recorded as appearing together in a ninth-century poem by the poet
322:, they later entered the conventions of Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese culture. Together they symbolize steadfastness, perseverance, and resilience. They are highly regarded in
966:
418:
For his residence, earth was piled to form a hill and a hundred plum trees, which along with lofty pines and tall bamboo comprise the friends of winter, were planted.
434:
839:
810:
776:
731:
609:
858:
646:
535:
In a Korean poem by Kim Yuki (1580–1658), the three friends are brought together in order to underline the paradoxical contrast:
1022:
953:
217:
72:
676:
1007:
88:
1002:
334:
577:
374:
997:
582:
992:
587:
987:
279:
45:
828:
799:
1012:
1017:
650:
698:
747:
247:
185:
164:
95:
79:
555:
143:
884:
401:
835:
806:
772:
727:
647:"The Three Friends of Winter: Paintings of Pine, Plum, and Bamboo from the Museum Collection"
616:
113:
380:
The earliest literary reference to the term " Friends of Winter" can be traced back to the
567:
862:
654:
914:
157:
932:
572:
981:
450:
decorative pillars for
Japanese New Year, featuring branches of pine, bamboo and plum
364:
342:
55:
411:
360:
323:
315:
120:
59:
766:
721:
350:
17:
971:. Viện văn hóa dân gian, ̉Uy ban khoa học xã hội Việt Nam. 2005. p. 30.
768:
Flowers, dragons and pine trees: Asian textiles in the
Spencer Museum of Art
256:
377:
and other contemporaries later made this grouping popular in painting.
311:
178:
699:"Cultivating Virtue: Botanical Motifs and Symbols in East Asian Art"
544:
What can change these noble stems and their flourishing evergreen?
904:
Nancy Moore Bess and Bibi Wein, Kodansha
International 2001, p.170
433:
333:
240:
194:
540:
Peach and plum of springtime, don't flaunt your pretty blossoms;
307:
915:"Three Friends of Winter Japanese Prints exhibition catalogue"
542:
Consider rather the old pine and green bamboo at year's end.
834:. North Clarendon: Tuttle Publishing. pp. 20–21.
284:
125:
861:(in Chinese). National Palace Museum. Archived from
222:
723:
Korean
Gardens: Tradition, symbolism and resilience
500:
is usually the highest rank, followed by the bamboo
278:
273:
255:
239:
234:
216:
211:
193:
177:
172:
156:
142:
137:
119:
112:
107:
87:
71:
66:
34:
827:
805:. North Clarendon: Tuttle Publishing. p. 37.
798:
830:Chinese art: a guide to motifs and visual imagery
801:Chinese art: A guide to motifs and visual imagery
27:East Asian art motif of the pine, bamboo and plum
162:
148:
853:
851:
537:
525:
509:
493:
416:
519:
503:
487:
460:
443:
261:
245:
792:
790:
788:
771:. New York: Hudson Hills Press. p. 248.
421:
405:
395:
385:
368:
354:
326:as representing its scholar-gentleman ideal.
93:
77:
8:
199:
183:
752:Phật giáo thuộc Giáo hội Phật giáo Việt Nam
641:
639:
637:
615:. British Museum. p. 1. Archived from
466:
270:
208:
104:
598:
604:
602:
31:
382:Record of the Five-cloud Plum Cottage
7:
748:"Nhành mai xuân trong thơ Lý – Trần"
306:is an art motif that comprises the
25:
826:Welch, Patricia Bjaaland (2008).
797:Welch, Patricia Bjaaland (2008).
406:
339:Three Friends and a Hundred Birds
516:as the middle rank, and the plum
44:
952:, ed. and trans. Richard Rutt,
454:The Three Friends are known as
954:University of California Press
726:. Seoul: Hollym. p. 201.
653:. January 2003. Archived from
422:
396:
386:
285:
223:
163:
126:
94:
78:
1:
392:The Clear Mountain Collection
578:Four Treasures of the Study
526:
510:
494:
1039:
583:Trees in Chinese mythology
573:Four Gentlemen of the Year
885:"Three Friends of Winter"
677:"Three Friends of Winter"
588:Mirror Flower, Water Moon
520:
504:
488:
461:
444:
369:
355:
296:
269:
262:
246:
207:
200:
184:
103:
43:
39:
765:Dusenbury, Mary (2004).
423:即其居累土為山，種梅百本，與喬松，脩篁為歲寒友。
73:Traditional Chinese
720:Matthews, Jill (2018).
373:, c. 1199–1264) of the
320:Three Friends of Winter
304:Three Friends of Winter
89:Simplified Chinese
52:Three Friends of Winter
35:Three Friends of Winter
651:National Palace Museum
547:
451:
427:
346:
149:
1023:East Asian traditions
701:. Harvard Art Museums
437:
375:Southern Song dynasty
337:
1008:Japanese iconography
410:, 1242–1310) of the
218:Revised Romanization
1003:Chinese iconography
891:. 27 February 2024.
657:on 12 February 2003
144:Vietnamese alphabet
865:on 26 January 2003
754:. 19 January 2022.
452:
363:. Artists such as
347:
998:Japanese painting
841:978-0-8048-3864-1
812:978-0-8048-3864-1
778:978-1-55595-238-9
733:978-1-56591-500-8
610:"Chinese symbols"
300:
299:
292:
291:
230:
229:
133:
132:
114:Standard Mandarin
16:(Redirected from
1030:
993:Chinese painting
973:
972:
968:Văn hóa dân gian
963:
957:
950:The Bamboo Grove
947:
941:
940:
929:
923:
922:
911:
905:
899:
893:
892:
881:
875:
874:
872:
870:
855:
846:
845:
833:
823:
817:
816:
804:
794:
783:
782:
762:
756:
755:
744:
738:
737:
717:
711:
710:
708:
706:
695:
689:
688:
686:
684:
673:
667:
666:
664:
662:
643:
632:
631:
629:
627:
622:on 3 August 2011
621:
614:
606:
531:
529:
523:
522:
515:
513:
507:
506:
499:
497:
491:
490:
482:
480:
477:
476:pine-bamboo-plum
474:
471:
468:
464:
463:
449:
447:
446:
425:
424:
409:
408:
400:) by the writer
399:
398:
389:
388:
372:
371:
358:
357:
288:
287:
271:
265:
264:
251:
250:
226:
225:
209:
203:
202:
189:
188:
168:
167:
152:
129:
128:
105:
99:
98:
83:
82:
48:
32:
21:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1027:
988:Chinese culture
978:
977:
976:
965:
964:
960:
948:
944:
931:
930:
926:
913:
912:
908:
902:Bamboo in Japan
900:
896:
889:Ezen Foundation
883:
882:
878:
868:
866:
857:
856:
849:
842:
825:
824:
820:
813:
796:
795:
786:
779:
764:
763:
759:
746:
745:
741:
734:
719:
718:
714:
704:
702:
697:
696:
692:
682:
680:
679:. Colby College
675:
674:
670:
660:
658:
645:
644:
635:
625:
623:
619:
612:
608:
607:
600:
596:
568:Chinese culture
564:
552:Tuế hàn tam hữu
546:
543:
541:
532:as the lowest.
517:
501:
485:
478:
475:
472:
469:
458:
441:
432:
332:
150:Tuế hàn tam hữu
138:Vietnamese name
62:
54:by the painter
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1036:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1013:East Asian art
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
980:
979:
975:
974:
958:
942:
924:
906:
894:
876:
847:
840:
818:
811:
784:
777:
757:
739:
732:
712:
690:
668:
633:
597:
595:
592:
591:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
563:
560:
538:
431:
428:
345:, Ming dynasty
331:
328:
298:
297:
294:
293:
290:
289:
282:
276:
275:
274:Transcriptions
267:
266:
259:
253:
252:
243:
237:
236:
232:
231:
228:
227:
220:
214:
213:
212:Transcriptions
205:
204:
197:
191:
190:
181:
175:
174:
170:
169:
160:
154:
153:
146:
140:
139:
135:
134:
131:
130:
123:
117:
116:
110:
109:
108:Transcriptions
101:
100:
91:
85:
84:
75:
69:
68:
64:
63:
49:
41:
40:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1035:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:Plants in art
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
983:
970:
969:
962:
959:
956:1971, poem 18
955:
951:
946:
943:
938:
934:
928:
925:
920:
916:
910:
907:
903:
898:
895:
890:
886:
880:
877:
864:
860:
854:
852:
848:
843:
837:
832:
831:
822:
819:
814:
808:
803:
802:
793:
791:
789:
785:
780:
774:
770:
769:
761:
758:
753:
749:
743:
740:
735:
729:
725:
724:
716:
713:
700:
694:
691:
678:
672:
669:
656:
652:
648:
642:
640:
638:
634:
618:
611:
605:
603:
599:
593:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
561:
559:
557:
553:
545:
536:
533:
528:
512:
496:
457:
440:
436:
430:Outside China
429:
426:
419:
415:
413:
403:
393:
383:
378:
376:
366:
365:Zhao Mengjian
362:
352:
344:
340:
336:
329:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
295:
286:Saikan san'yū
283:
281:
277:
272:
268:
260:
258:
254:
249:
244:
242:
238:
235:Japanese name
233:
221:
219:
215:
210:
206:
198:
196:
192:
187:
182:
180:
176:
171:
166:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
145:
141:
136:
127:suìhán sānyǒu
124:
122:
118:
115:
111:
106:
102:
97:
92:
90:
86:
81:
76:
74:
70:
65:
61:
57:
56:Zhao Mengjian
53:
47:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
18:Shō-chiku-bai
967:
961:
949:
945:
936:
927:
918:
909:
901:
897:
888:
879:
867:. Retrieved
863:the original
829:
821:
800:
767:
760:
751:
742:
722:
715:
703:. Retrieved
693:
681:. Retrieved
671:
659:. Retrieved
655:the original
624:. Retrieved
617:the original
551:
548:
539:
534:
455:
453:
438:
420:
417:
412:Song dynasty
391:
381:
379:
361:Tang dynasty
348:
338:
324:Confucianism
319:
303:
301:
280:Romanization
121:Hanyu Pinyin
67:Chinese name
60:Song dynasty
51:
29:
456:shōchikubai
343:Bian Wenjin
173:Korean name
982:Categories
594:References
556:Vietnamese
402:Lin Jingxi
351:Zhu Qingyu
937:jisho.org
919:Sotherans
869:13 August
705:11 August
683:10 August
661:10 August
626:11 August
439:Kadomatsu
359:) of the
224:Sehansamu
562:See also
263:さいかんさんゆう
257:Hiragana
470:
390:) from
330:History
158:Chữ Hán
859:"歲寒三友"
838:
809:
775:
730:
314:, and
312:bamboo
179:Hangul
933:"松竹梅"
620:(PDF)
613:(PDF)
495:matsu
387:五雲梅舍記
241:Kanji
195:Hanja
871:2011
836:ISBN
807:ISBN
773:ISBN
728:ISBN
707:2011
685:2011
663:2011
628:2011
511:take
484:pine
467:lit.
316:plum
308:pine
302:The
248:歳寒三友
201:歲寒三友
186:세한삼우
165:歲寒三友
96:岁寒三友
80:歲寒三友
50:The
554:in
527:ume
462:松竹梅
407:林景熙
397:霽山集
370:趙孟堅
356:朱慶餘
341:by
984::
935:.
917:.
887:.
850:^
787:^
750:.
649:.
636:^
601:^
558:.
524:,
508:,
492:,
465:,
445:門松
414::
310:,
58:,
939:.
921:.
873:.
844:.
815:.
781:.
736:.
709:.
687:.
665:.
630:.
530:)
521:梅
518:(
514:)
505:竹
502:(
498:)
489:松
486:(
481:)
479:'
473:'
459:(
448:)
442:(
404:(
394:(
384:(
367:(
353:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
