187:, New York city, 1915 (Page 9, Earliest Schools and Colleges on Record): During the reigns of Yao and Shun there were in existence near the Imperial Palace at least two kinds of educational institutions, one called Shang Hsiang, and the other Hsia Hsiang. The former was a college devoted to higher education or Ta Hsüeh, and the latter was a college for lower education or Siao Hsüeh. These institutions also existed during the Hsia and Shang, but were then known by different names.
60:(2257 BCE–2208 BCE), the Emperor of the Kingdom of Yu (虞, or 有虞/Youyu), founded two schools. One was Shang Xiang (shang (上), means up, high), and the other one was Xia Xiang (下庠, xia (下) means down, low). Shang Xiang was a place to educate noble youth. Teachers at Shang Xiang were generally erudite, elder and noble persons.
133:
may often prelect and also learn and ask for advisement (承師問道). Dong Xu was an eastern school. Cheng Jun was a southern school. Gu Zong was a western school and it is a music school. Shang Xiang was a northern school. The schools established by vassal states were called Pan Gong (泮宮). The schools in
67:(養), and Xiang, including Shang Xiang and Xia Xiang, were initially places to provide for the aged persons, and then became places for aged persons with their knowledge and experiences to teach youth.
163:: Shang Xiang was a Daxue (大學, great study, big school, today it translates to English as university) and it is located in the west of capital city (《禮記·王制》：“有虞氏養國老於上庠，養庶老於下庠”。鄭玄：“上庠為大學，在王城西郊。”).
129:. The other four were: Dong Xu (東序), Cheng Jun (成均), Gu Zong (瞽宗) and Pi Yong (闢雍). Pi Yong, also called Taixue at the time, was a central school, located in a central location, where the
74:(國學), meaning the National School in capital city, which is the imperial central school, the nation's supreme school in China, in contrast with regional schools.
227:
180:
200:
79:
138:: Li (禮, rite), Yue (樂, music), She (射, archery), Yu (禦, charioteering), Shu (書, literature), Shu (數, maths).
222:
159:: Youyushi (Yu) provided for noble elders in Shang Xiang, and provided for plebeian elders in Xia Xiang.
57:
184:
172:
75:
99:
95:
83:
71:
154:
130:
23:
41:
216:
196:
91:
176:
126:
115:
82:
eras before Shang Xiang as recorded in literature. The imperial school was called
125:
Shang Xiang was also one of the five imperial schools in the capital city of the
111:
107:
87:
160:
119:
78:(成均) is also a kind of ancient institution with educational function in the
135:
90:, while Xi Xu (西序, western school) was equivalent to Xia Xiang. In the
103:
31:
53:
207:
and it is similar to Xiang in Yu era (董仲舒：“五帝名大學曰成均，則虞庠近是也”。).
102:(左學, left school). The imperial central school was named
98:(右學, literally right school) and the lower school was
52:) was a school founded in the Yu Shun (虞舜) era in
8:
146:
70:Shang Xiang is classified as a kind of
46:
173:The Chinese System of Public Education
86:(東序, literally eastern school) in the
63:The original meaning of Xiang (庠) is
7:
134:the Zhou dynasty mainly taught the
14:
36:
1:
228:History of education in China
244:
27:
16:Former school in China
94:the upper school was
185:Columbia University
201:The Five Emperors
235:
208:
194:
188:
181:Teachers College
170:
164:
155:Classic of Rites
151:
50:
38:
29:
243:
242:
238:
237:
236:
234:
233:
232:
213:
212:
211:
203:named Daxue as
195:
191:
171:
167:
157:·System of King
152:
148:
144:
17:
12:
11:
5:
241:
239:
231:
230:
225:
215:
214:
210:
209:
189:
165:
145:
143:
140:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
240:
229:
226:
224:
223:Ancient China
221:
220:
218:
206:
202:
198:
197:Dong Zhongshu
193:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:Kuo. Ping Wen
174:
169:
166:
162:
158:
156:
150:
147:
141:
139:
137:
132:
131:Son of Heaven
128:
123:
121:
118:it was named
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
92:Shang dynasty
89:
85:
81:
80:Five Emperors
77:
73:
68:
66:
61:
59:
55:
51:
49:
43:
39:
33:
25:
21:
204:
192:
168:
153:
149:
127:Zhou dynasty
124:
116:Qing dynasty
69:
64:
62:
48:Shang Hsiang
47:
45:
35:
19:
18:
112:Sui dynasty
108:Han dynasty
88:Xia dynasty
65:provide for
37:shàng xiáng
20:Shang Xiang
217:Categories
161:Zheng Xuan
142:References
42:Wade–Giles
205:Cheng Jun
120:Guozijian
76:Cheng Jun
136:Six Arts
110:. From
100:Zuo Xue
96:You Xue
84:Dong Xu
72:Guo Xue
24:Chinese
104:Taixue
44::
34::
32:pinyin
26::
54:China
58:Shun
175:by
114:to
106:in
219::
199::
183:,
179:,
122:.
56:.
40:;
30:;
28:上庠
22:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.