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In the 20th century, sheeppox virus was eradicated from continental Europe, but since then, there have been sporadic outbreaks, which are most likely due to imported animals. The countries with the highest number of cases are
Ethiopia (223), Somalia (170), and Algeria (44). This resulted in a 16.3%
761:
Cleaning of farms and equipment is important in helping to prevent the spread of SPV. Infected animals may be quarantined and new animals should be isolated from the infected herds while transmission is still possible. If necessary, slaughtering or euthanasia of the herd can help prevent further
329:
The hosts for sheeppox virus are all breeds of wild and domesticated sheep. However, those animals native to the region where SPV is endemic, are far less susceptible. Young, lactating, and older animals are more susceptible to this viral infection though no viral preference has been found. This
708:
results tested positive for SPV and the infected were removed from the population either through death, destruction, or slaughter. Measures that were taken in response to these outbreaks were proper disposal of the carcasses, movement control within the country, and quarantine.
352:
into the cytoplasm. Viral proteins help contribute to early gene transcription in the host cytoplasm and expression begins 30 minutes post infection. After early expression, the viral genome becomes free in the cytoplasm due to the core no longer being coated with the
777:
1ICTV 5thReportFrancki, R. I. B., Fauquet, C. M., Knudson, D. L. & Brown, F. (eds)(1991). Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Fifthreport of the
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplementum 2, 452 pp.
368:
assembly begins in the cytoplasm with the formation of an immature spherical particle. Once maturation occurs, it is considered an intracellular mature virion. These are brick-shaped particles that can then be released from the cell either by
680:
case fatality rate out of the 9932 cases involved. From 2010 to 2011 there was a 46% decrease in the number of outbreaks with no specific explanation for this decrease. There has been no seasonal variability identified.
703:
Most recently, in early
September 2017, there have been 2 outbreaks of sheeppox virus in Greece. This current location had 3 previous outbreaks in January 2017 with the origin of infection unknown. Real time
565:
morbidity is around 70-90% while SPV mortality is 5-10%, with its peak two weeks after the appearance of lesions. It is the cell mediated immune response which eliminates the infection.
549:
and scabs start to form. These scabs can last up to 6 weeks and typically leave a star-shaped scar. The presence of the skin lesions can lead to movement restriction of the animal,
1126:
440:
282:(SPV) is the most severe of all the animal pox diseases and can result in some of the most significant economic consequences due to poor wool and leather quality.
364:
as the intermediate genes are expressed. 140 minutes to 48 hours post infection is considered the late phase which is when all structural proteins are produced.
1152:
696:
at 20. Responses included vaccinations, movement control within the country, and disinfection. The laboratory test to confirm this viral outbreak, was again
41:
1180:
456:
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are most common on the muzzle, ears, and areas that are free of wool. Lesions on the skin quickly become raised due to local inflammation and
822:
Tulman, E. R.; Afonso, C. L.; Lu, Z.; Zsak, L.; Sur, J.-H.; Sandybaev, N. T.; Kerembekova, U. Z.; Zaitsev, V. L.; Kutish, G. F. (June 2002).
803:
389:, secretions, feces, milk or scabs of those with SPV also cary the virus. Contaminated equipment is another major transmission factor and
720:
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665:
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70:
939:
1139:
542:
may create discharge. Due to lymph node swelling and developing lung lesions, breathing can become loud and labored.
1157:
1190:
705:
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888:
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Symptoms can range from mild to severe depending on things such as age, breed, and immunity of the host. The
1053:
562:
518:
The acute phase is characterized as 24 hours after papule appearance. In this phase the sheep may develop
309:
Sheeppox virus is approximately 150 kbp and shares 96% and 97% nucleotide identity with goatpox virus and
762:
disease transmission. Crucial is the proper disposal of the animals, either by burning or burying them.
390:
1113:
257:
65:
1091:
738:
508:
504:
406:
692:
occurred in Russia in
October 2016. This showed 25 cases, there were 5 deaths, and thus, puts the
393:
play a minor role. SPV is mainly spread to new areas due to the movement of infected individuals.
385:
Sheeppox virus is an aerosol and can also be transmitted via contact with an infected animal. The
753:
programs are implemented against the disease. But, so far, few have succeeded in eradicating it.
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There is no treatment for sheeppox virus, thus efforts are directed towards prevention.
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lesions impact feeding and drinking ability, and lesions on the udder interfere with
1174:
839:
741:, but they have shown to only provide around 5 months of immunity. In the case of an
272:
167:
798:(5th ed.). London: Baillière Tindall. pp. 708–709 (Sheeppox and goatpox).
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The intermediate phase, approximately 100 minutes post infection, stimulates
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and their carcasses burnt or buried. In most countries, large scale state
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253:
940:"Sheeppox and Goatpox - Integumentary System - Merck Veterinary Manual"
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600:
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386:
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57:
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608:
515:. At this stage, the virus is extremely prevalent in the lesions.
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221:
82:
289:
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1051:
572:
which result in a mild localized reaction limited to the skin.
405:
vaccines produce longer lasting and stronger immunity than the
348:. Then, SPV fuses with the plasma membrane which releases the
330:
virus is endemic to Africa, Asia, India, and the Middle East.
1028:
970:
780:
https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ICTV%205th%20Report.pdf
737:
which have been shown to produce good immunity. There are
344:
which is initiated by the attachment of viral proteins to
733:
The most effective control over the disease has been the
27:
Infectious disease of sheep caused by the sheeppox virus
534:
can result from papules on the eyelids, mucosa becomes
971:"Search: OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health"
561:
is another common symptom, which is often fatal. In
321:. The virus has a complex coat and capsid symmetry.
1060:
794:D.C. Blood; J.A. Henderson; O.M. Radostits (1979).
545:The acute phase has passed when the papules become
724:Vaccinal disease due to poorly inactivated vaccine
503:Early symptoms include increased temperature and
413:vaccine is can also be used to prevent sheeppox.
430:of the virus is also a contributing factor. The
292:, caused by a virus antigenically distinct from
317:and is thus a part of group I according to the
824:"The Genomes of Sheeppox and Goatpox Viruses"
8:
235:
225:
568:There have only been two reported cases of
215:
1048:
40:
29:
855:
313:, respectively. This virus has a linear,
770:
436:
745:, it is suggested that the animals be
462:Starting lesions (reddening) in axilla
397:results after infection and there are
530:, up to eight times the normal size.
7:
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815:
789:
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656:Agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID)
647:Techniques that can be used include
700:, with the results being positive.
338:The virus enters the host cell via
1181:Virus-related cutaneous conditions
25:
660:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
409:. It has been suggested that the
840:10.1128/JVI.76.12.6054-6061.2002
666:Transmission electron microscopy
491:
479:
467:
455:
439:
69:
889:"A100 - SHEEP POX AND GOAT POX"
670:Virus isolation in cell culture
652:Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
319:Baltimore Classification System
264:). This virus is in the family
735:live, attenuated virus vaccine
590:Contagious pustular dermatitis
1:
498:Crusty lesions on tail (lamb)
631:Vesicular fluid if available
627:Full skin thickness biopsies
446:Lesions around lips (orf is
434:of the virus is 4–12 days.
1207:
256:different from the benign
196:
189:
64:
48:
39:
32:
474:Crusty lesions in axilla
411:lumpy skin disease virus
311:lumpy skin disease virus
288:is a similar disease of
1186:Sheep and goat diseases
944:Merck Veterinary Manual
346:host glycosaminoglycans
725:
486:Crusty lesions on tail
417:Symptoms and diagnosis
236:
226:
216:
723:
643:Lung and skin lesions
570:zoonotic transmission
1002:"sheep and goat pox"
917:viralzone.expasy.org
739:inactivated vaccines
688:A relatively recent
622:Samples can include
538:, and ulcers on the
66:Virus classification
828:Journal of Virology
796:Veterinary Medicine
559:Secondary pneumonia
407:inactivated vaccine
362:genomic replication
1033:www.promedmail.org
726:
694:case fatality rate
613:Photosensitisation
601:Mycotic dermatitis
262:contagious ecthyma
246:contagious disease
121:Nucleocytoviricota
1168:
1167:
1054:Taxon identifiers
834:(12): 6054–6061.
805:978-0-7020-0718-7
432:incubation period
205:
204:
16:(Redirected from
1198:
1191:Chordopoxvirinae
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540:mucous membranes
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403:live, attenuated
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60:of pox in sheep
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913:"Capripoxvirus"
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401:available. The
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199:Sheep pox virus
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133:Pokkesviricetes
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54:malignant edema
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1092:Sheeppox virus
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592:(scabby mouth)
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391:insect vectors
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294:sheeppox virus
279:Sheeppox virus
244:) is a highly
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273:Capripoxvirus
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217:variola ovina
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169:Capripoxvirus
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1036:. Retrieved
1032:
1009:. Retrieved
1006:www.cabi.org
1005:
978:. Retrieved
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947:. Retrieved
943:
920:. Retrieved
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896:. Retrieved
892:
831:
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621:
585:Can include
584:
581:Differential
567:
544:
517:
509:skin lesions
502:
447:
425:
384:
381:Transmission
359:
339:
337:
328:
315:dsDNA genome
314:
308:
293:
285:
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278:
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265:
252:caused by a
237:Pockenseuche
211:
207:
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198:
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181:
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168:
156:
145:Chitovirales
144:
132:
120:
109:Bamfordvirae
108:
97:Varidnaviria
96:
89:
79:(unranked):
33:
1086:Wikispecies
975:www.oie.int
893:lrd.spc.int
751:vaccination
596:Blue tongue
532:Blepharitis
528:lymph nodes
341:endocytosis
334:Replication
214:, known as
1175:Categories
1038:2017-11-03
1011:2017-11-03
980:2017-11-03
949:2017-11-03
922:2017-11-03
898:2017-11-03
766:References
757:Sanitation
747:euthanized
713:Prevention
638:Lymph node
618:Laboratory
605:Sheep scab
551:oropharynx
375:cell lysis
350:viral core
270:and genus
267:Poxviridae
157:Poxviridae
848:0022-538X
684:Outbreaks
640:aspirates
576:Diagnosis
428:virulence
305:Structure
212:sheep pox
176:Species:
104:Kingdom:
1132:11460769
1077:Q7480670
1071:Wikidata
866:12021338
743:outbreak
729:Vaccines
690:outbreak
555:suckling
547:necrotic
536:necrotic
520:rhinitis
422:Symptoms
399:vaccines
395:Immunity
300:Virology
254:poxvirus
227:clavelée
208:Sheeppox
191:Synonyms
152:Family:
116:Phylum:
675:History
662:(ELISA)
505:macules
371:budding
286:Goatpox
164:Genus:
140:Order:
128:Class:
56:and in
50:Bacilli
1119:540234
864:
857:136203
854:
846:
802:
507:. The
387:saliva
366:Virion
355:capsid
242:German
232:French
58:cornea
1158:10266
1145:64145
1127:IRMNG
1106:6YLW9
634:Scabs
609:Mange
513:edema
450:lips)
290:goats
250:sheep
222:Latin
90:Realm
83:Virus
1153:NCBI
862:PMID
844:ISSN
800:ISBN
325:Host
260:(or
210:(or
1140:ISC
1114:EoL
1101:CoL
852:PMC
836:doi
706:PCR
698:PCR
373:or
258:orf
248:of
240:in
230:in
220:in
52:of
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958:^
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832:76
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814:^
786:^
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448:on
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234:,
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983:.
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901:.
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838::
808:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
