678:, claiming it was in an effort to preempt attacks from the IMN. These raids resulted in the deaths of reportedly as many as 300 Nigerian Shias. Zakzaky himself was wounded and captured, along with one of his wives, and charges of murder were brought against him over the road blocking incident earlier that year. In 2019, protests broke out once more as a delegation belonging to the IMN stormed the National Assembly in Abuja to protest the continued incarceration of Zakzaky. The resulting melee killed at least two, though details of the incident are unclear. These protests moved the Nigerian government to officially ban the IMN on July 28, 2019, citing "acts of terrorism and illegality." Exactly two years later, Zakzaky would be released, after a court cleared him of all charges.
54:
585:
697:. One of their primary leaders was Sheikh Abdul-Mun'am Az-zain, who primarily served the Lebanese community but was also open to spread it to the Senegalese. The Sheikh built Shi'a schools and mosques and also provided scholarships to Senegalese students. 1% of Senegalese people practice Shi'a Islam. Major Shia organizations in Senegal include the
924:
in 1876, an increase of about three hundred in the past 16 years, a wave of immigration which can be traced directly to "the advice of the imam (Aga Khan III)." The
Ismaili community in western India had been stricken with poverty and famine, and the edicts of the imam encouraging migration were done
929:
remains active in the region, and has founded a development network dedicated to improving the economic conditions of
Ismaili communities around the world, including the East African countries of Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, and Mozambique, where most of the migrants who left India in the late
733:
divide, with a common saying being "Egypt is Sunni by Sect, Shia in temperament." An accurate estimation of the current number of Shia
Muslims in Egypt is difficult to attain, ranging from as few as 50,000 to as many as 2 million adherents. Today, Shias face persecution in modern Egypt, though the
803:
community was also introduced to Shia Islam. The majority of
African American in that time were not aware of the Sunni-Shia divide, although most became Sunni due to how it was more widespread, a lack of access to Shia learning materials, as well as the stigma associated with Shia Islam. The 1979
668:
attempted to pass a military checkpoint. A standoff ensued, with the
Nigerian soldiers firing warning shots at the protesting Shias, who reportedly responded by throwing rocks at the soldiers, who then opened fire, reportedly killing 35 Shias, among them three of Zakzaky's children. In 2015, IMN
833:
in prison and later converted to Shia Islam before being released. Hakeem became an assistant at a mosque in Watts and hosts charity work as well as teaching gang members in Los
Angeles about Shia Islam. He stated that the Shia community of Watts is predominantly African Americans.
821:
preachers were unhappy about the growth of Shia Islam, and began telling
African American Muslims that it was disbelief, which alienated African American Shias from their community. African American Sunnis, encouraged by Sunni extremist
673:
was attempting to pass. The incident was described by the
Nigerian military as an assassination attempt, a charge which the IMN denies. In retaliation, the Nigerian military launched a series of raids in the ancient town of
808:
gave Shia
Muslims a voice within the Muslim community. This was the time when African Americans were first exposed to Shia Islam, and by 1982, more than one thousand African Americans had accepted Shia Islam in
883:
of the Nizari
Ismaili sect of Islam. However, Shias have lived in East Africa as early as the sixteenth century, with one story claiming the first Shia to migrate to the region having done so while assisting
1347:
1088:
1348:""One Out of 5 Black People Have Someone In Their Family Who Is a Muslim" / Interview With Amir Hakeem From Shia Community of US â Shafaqna India | Indian Shia News Agency"
1534:
Tejpar, Azizeddin, "The Migration of Indians to Eastern Africa: A Case Study of the Ismaili Community, 1866-1966" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 6324.
1324:
1156:
1044:
1337:
Kathleen Moore, "Muslims in Prison: Claims to Constitutional Protection of Religious Liberty," in Yvonne Haddad, ed., The Muslims of America, p. 141.
1443:
Shankar, Guha (2003) Imagining India(ns): Cultural Performances and Diaspora Politics in Jamaica. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Texas, Austin
1249:
1593:
1447:
1901:
1671:
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to spread a renewed, Shia Persian Empire, actual treatment of Shias by the Egyptian government has been less harsh since the ousting of
1656:
945:
of all persons of Asian descent from Uganda, which included the Nizari Ismailis. The Aga Khan IV called then-Canadian Prime Minister
1428:
1080:
1676:
754:. Sunni-Shia tensions in Egypt had previously reached a breaking point when a Salafi mob, motivated by anti-Shia rhetoric by the
220:
78:
1231:
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1816:
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movement have both characterized Shias as having deviated from proper Islamic tradition, and accused the sect of working with
1372:
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1841:
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in an attempt for his followers to find greater economic opportunity while remaining under British protection. The current
2000:
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1970:
414:
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230:
98:
93:
1966:
1216:
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in 1840, becoming merchants and readers along the coast. A few decades later, the immigration of Ismaili Shias from
1906:
1826:
1791:
1776:
1761:
1716:
1651:
1631:
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is the leader of the movement. It was founded in the 1980s, after Zakzaky traveled to Iran and was inspired by the
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235:
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1881:
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1836:
1821:
1806:
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1701:
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Nanji, Azim (1974). ""Modernization and Change in the Nizari Ismaili Community in East Africa: A Perspective."".
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153:
88:
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Interview on book with ISLAMiCommentary, a Public Scholarship Forum Managed by the Duke Islamic Studies Center
1861:
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to East Africa greatly increased, as the Aga Khan's efforts to encourage migration began. British official
496:
140:
110:
83:
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is a Shia Muslim tradition which was brought to Jamaica and the Caribbean by the South Asian community.
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in the 12th century. This history has created a complicated situation in Egypt with regards to the
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administration, meanwhile, imprisoned more than 300 Shias in 2009 without justification.
260:
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571:
473:
409:
341:
1547:
908:
Shias began migrating in greater numbers to East Africa with the establishment of the
901:
from, the word for tiller, or rudder, is âsukhanâ. He was the who showed Vasco De Gama
1994:
1169:
958:
885:
868:
796:
763:
468:
329:
314:
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the Tillerâ, because in the language of Gujarbhadalat, which is where we Badalas are
17:
909:
892:
You want to know the first member of our family to be in Africa and when? Well, his
876:
810:
516:
346:
245:
1172:. ECAS7: 7th European Conference on African Studies. Basel, 29 June - 1 July 2017.
986:"Imam Hussain's Red Flag Presented to Leader of the African Shia Islamic Movement"
53:
1571:
1462:
Salvadori, Cynthia, We came in Dhows (Nairobi: Paperchase Kenya Ltd., 1996) 1:4.
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718:
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name was Mohamed, and he was known as âKana Maalimâ. That name means âMaster of
823:
501:
273:
44:
841:
818:
669:
protestors blocked a public road which a convoy containing Nigerian general
656:
The "African Shia Islamic Movement" is a Nigeria-based organization. Sheikh
536:
421:
295:
1397:
1170:
The NGO-ization of Shi'i Islam in Senegal: Bridging the Urban-Rural Divide
1535:
938:
921:
779:
698:
665:
426:
399:
385:
125:
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A popular African American Shia preacher is Amir Hakeem, who joined the
584:
852:
722:
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934:
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International Institute, headed by Senegalese Shi'i religious leader
551:
491:
394:
375:
170:
160:
68:
713:
Historically, Egypt was ruled for two centuries by the Ismaili Shia
1421:
Hosay Trinidad: Muharram Performances in an Indo-Caribbean Diaspora
913:
856:
759:
630:
404:
380:
1045:"Shiite leader El-Zakzaky brought to court, charged with murder"
880:
743:
1575:
1548:"His Highness the Aga Khan | Aga Khan Development Network"
1139:"Nigerian court acquits Shia leader el-Zakzaky of all charges"
949:, whose government accepted thousands of Nizaris into Canada.
844:, also converted to Shia Islam and had died as a Shia Muslim.
1103:"More Trouble Between Nigeria's Shia Minority and the Police"
734:
situation for them may be slowly improving. While President
1199:"Why Iran's Shia Threat Is Very Real for Faraway Egyptians"
1255:. Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. August 9, 2012
1280:. Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. 11 April 2010
875:, most of which being a result of a deliberate effort by
629:
is the continent's second most widely professed sect of
920:
estimated that more than 700 Ismaili families lived in
1400:. Cultural and Sports History of Trinidad & Tobago
1081:"Nigerian Shiites Say Soldiers Have Killed Hundreds"
1063:"Nigerian Shias accuse police of killing protesters"
826:, often attacked African American Shias in prisons.
1915:
1890:
1609:
1373:"Media Coverage of Malcolm X's Grandson Questioned"
1423:. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
1562:"When Idi Amin expelled 50000 Asians from Uganda"
1232:"The plight of Egypt's forgotten Shia minority"
961:, a Shi'a militant organization in South Africa
1275:"Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa"
867:In East Africa, there is a large community of
1587:
664:. In 2014, a procession of Shias celebrating
607:
8:
758:and President Morsi, lynched four Shias in
1323:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1027:"35 killed as soldiers, Islamic sect clash"
1594:
1580:
1572:
1250:"The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity"
614:
600:
29:
855:has a Muslim population of around 1,500.
930:19th and early 20th centuries moved to.
1159:. Transcultural Islam Research Network.
977:
32:
1536:https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/6324
1517:
1505:
1494:
1316:
1182:""Egypt's Shia Come Out of Hiding"".
967:, a Shi'a Senegalese religious leader
7:
1301:"History of African American Shias"
988:. AhlulBayt News Agency. 2012-07-03
795:During the Muslim movement in the
25:
1902:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1672:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1091:from the original on 2015-12-28.
1008:"Nigeria: Court Bans Shia Group"
774:According to two studies by the
583:
52:
1121:"Nigeria Court Bans Shia Group"
1025:Luka, Binniyat (26 July 2014).
904:the way from Malindi to India''
1:
1474:Journal of Religion in Africa
799:during the 20th century, the
695:Lebanese community in Senegal
1107:Council on Foreign Relations
689:is practiced by both native
415:Bektashism and folk religion
1299:Tent 1, Shia (2021-11-29).
1168:Leichtman, Mara A. (2017).
1155:Leichtman, Mara A. (2016).
778:, around 10% of Muslims in
2017:
649:
965:Cherif Mohamed Aly Aidara
873:Indian diaspora in Africa
721:control with the rise of
703:Cherif Mohamed Aly Aidara
1657:Central African Republic
1419:Korom, Frank J. (2003).
562:Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim
662:1979 Iranian Revolution
1603:Shi'a Islam in Africa
1504:Cite journal requires
497:Khadija bint Khuwaylid
84:Succession to Muhammad
1817:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1677:Republic of the Congo
1186:. September 30, 2017.
1049:Premium Times Nigeria
738:and Egypt's powerful
687:Shia Islam in Senegal
652:Shia Islam in Nigeria
650:Further information:
590:Shia Islam portal
216:Verse of purification
63:Beliefs and practices
2001:Shia Islam in Africa
1371:Fahimuddin, Yousuf.
1230:Esposti, Emanuelle.
1217:"Human Rights Watch"
871:Shias, mostly being
862:
736:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
627:Shia Islam in Africa
512:Umm Kulthum bint Ali
191:Mourning of Muharram
121:Mourning of Muharram
18:Shi'a in Africa
1892:States with limited
776:Pew Research Center
717:. Egypt came under
527:Ruqayya bint Husayn
434:Extinct Shi'a sects
154:Days of remembrance
141:ArbaÊœeen Pilgrimage
136:The Four Companions
1491:Nanji. : 126.
1450:2008-12-19 at the
1352:india.shafaqna.com
1203:pulitzercenter.org
1125:Human Rights Watch
1012:Human Rights Watch
840:, the grandson of
806:Iranian Revolution
756:Muslim Brotherhood
347:Atba-i-Malak Bohra
274:Branches and sects
221:Two weighty things
27:Religion in Africa
1988:
1987:
1919:other territories
1692:Equatorial Guinea
1516:Missing or empty
1398:"Hosay (Hussain)"
1396:Ronald C. Emrit.
863:Nizari Ism'ailism
791:African Americans
727:Ayyubid Sultanate
715:Fatimid Caliphate
691:Senegalese people
624:
623:
557:Fatimah bint Asad
522:Fatima bint Hasan
251:Battle of Karbala
16:(Redirected from
2008:
1980:
1979:(United Kingdom)
1975:Tristan da Cunha
1971:Ascension Island
1963:
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1917:Dependencies and
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918:Sir Bartle Frere
801:African American
786:African diaspora
658:Ibraheem Zakzaky
616:
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588:
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567:Ruqayya bint Ali
542:Fatima bint Musa
56:
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1219:. 27 June 2013.
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1127:. 30 July 2019.
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1014:. 30 July 2019.
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764:Hosni Mubarak's
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1051:. 15 May 2018.
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635:Sunni Islam
447:Ahl al-Kisa
362:Qutbi Bohra
357:Alavi Bohra
335:Progressive
261:Persecution
241:First Fitna
196:Omar Koshan
181:Eid al-Adha
176:Eid al-Fitr
79:Prophethood
1949:(Portugal)
1907:Somaliland
1827:Seychelles
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1382:2024-03-07
1357:2024-03-12
1310:2024-03-12
1284:3 February
1259:3 February
1143:Al Jazeera
972:References
937:President
731:Sunni-Shia
693:, and the
641:By country
502:Umm Salama
486:Holy women
74:Holy Books
69:Monotheism
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943:expulsion
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1995:Category
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1969: /
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1956: /
1934: /
1930: /
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1857:Tanzania
1707:Ethiopia
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1682:Djibouti
1647:Cameroon
1632:Botswana
1448:Archived
1319:cite web
1089:Archived
1085:ABC News
1067:CBC News
1031:Vanguard
953:See also
939:Idi Amin
927:Aga Khan
922:Zanzibar
780:Tanzania
770:Tanzania
762:in 2013.
740:Salafist
725:and the
699:Mozdahir
666:Quds Day
454:Muhammad
410:Bektashi
386:Satpanth
320:Musta'li
315:Isma'ili
226:Mubahala
166:Arba'een
37:a series
35:Part of
1958:RĂ©union
1954:Mayotte
1945:Madeira
1940:(Spain)
1936:Melilla
1867:Tunisia
1837:Somalia
1822:Senegal
1807:Nigeria
1797:Namibia
1787:Morocco
1752:Liberia
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1697:Eritrea
1667:Comoros
1642:Burundi
1617:Algeria
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935:Ugandan
869:Ismaili
853:Jamaica
848:Jamaica
819:Wahhabi
723:Saladin
682:Senegal
646:Nigeria
633:behind
325:Tayyibi
296:Shaykhi
286:Akhbari
281:Ja'fari
209:History
99:Twelver
94:Ismaili
89:Imamate
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474:Husayn
464:Fatima
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1425:ISBN
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1325:link
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