652:(段末柸). Most of Shi's generals wanted to execute Duan Mopei, but instead Shi treated Duan Mopei with courtesy and returned him to Duan forces. The Duan then withdrew and began to disassociate themselves from Wang. Subsequent to this battle, Shi began to use Xiangguo as a base of operations and gradually took increasingly larger pieces of territory under his control—still under Han's name, but acting independently. As it became increasingly clear that Liu Cong, who was talented but violent and wasteful, had become distracted by sensual pleasures and was not able to make Han into an efficient state, Shi began to act even more independently.
694:). Both Shi and Liu Yao, a cousin of Liu Cong, led their armies against Jin Zhun. Liu Yao declared himself emperor, and Shi decided, at that time, to submit to Liu Yao's authority. Liu Yao created him the Duke of Zhao. Subsequently, Jin Zhun, with his forces under pressure from two sides, was assassinated and succeeded by his cousin Jin Ming (靳明), who abandoned Pingyang and surrendered to Liu Yao. Shi entered the capital but did not occupy it. Shi Le burned palaces in Pingyang. With the capital heavily damaged by the coup and the subsequent battles, Liu Yao moved the capital to
48:
828:) under his rule. This drew secret ire from Shi Hu, who felt that as the general who had contributed the most to Shi Le's campaign successes, he should have been the crown prince or at least Grand Chanyu and was not satisfied with his title as the Prince of Zhongshan. Later that year, Shi assumed the title of emperor and made Princess Liu the
531:), and while the Jin force was much larger than his, Shi's force was mostly cavalry, and it surrounded and disrupted the procession of the Jin force so that it stampeded itself into oblivion. The many Jin princes and officials were captured by Shi, and Shi executed them all. Shi, from that point on, became a feared general.
474:
personal name "Le." After
Gongsun was subsequently defeated and killed, Ji became leader of the rebellion and made Shi his key general—now with the goal of avenging Sima Ying, who was forced to commit suicide in 306. However, their rebellion, while briefly successful in capturing Yecheng in 307 and killing
655:
In early 314, Shi considered plans to destroy the still powerful Wang. Knowing that Wang long had dreams of becoming an emperor, since he believed that his name was prophesied as one for an emperor, Shi pretended to be ready to submit to him and offered him the imperial throne. Wang, trusting Shi's
798:. In fall 328, Liu Yin tried to lead Former Zhao forces to recapture Chang'an, but Shi Hu defeated him, and subsequently marched on Shanggui, capturing it and killing Liu Xi, Liu Yin, and the other Former Zhao nobles, ending Han-Zhao. The former Former Zhao territory became Later Zhao possessions.
781:
In 328, however, Former Zhao fought back, and forces under Liu Yao's personal command defeated Shi Hu's forces and surrounded
Luoyang. Shi Le personally led his force to aid Luoyang, engaging Liu Yao in battle and capturing him. He initially treated Liu Yao with some respect and ordered Liu Yao to
578:
disagreed, noting that Shi had dealt Jin too much damage previously to be able to submit to them. Instead, he advised Shi to retreat north—noting that Jin forces were so fearful of him that they would not likely attack—and that he should capture a defensible city to serve as headquarters so that he
499:
For the next few years, Shi led his roving band, which he appeared to have largely recruited himself, throughout central China, losing few battles but largely interested in pillaging and not in holding territory. From the beginning, though, Shi showed willingness to accept learned men into his army
777:
In 324, Later Zhao and Former Zhao began actively engaging each other, and for the next several years, they would wage war against each other bitterly, fighting over both their border territory and the parts of territory near the Yellow River still under Jin control. In 325, Shi Hu would defeat the
701:
In early 319, Shi sent a delegation to pay tribute to Liu Yao. Liu Yao was very pleased, and made Shi the Prince of Zhao. However, subsequently, Liu Yao became suspicious that Shi was about to rebel, so killed Shi's lead delegate. Shi became angry, and later that year declared independence under
473:
the Prince of Hejian. Many of his subordinates, including Ji and
Gongsun Fan (公孫藩), deserted, and Gongsun eventually started a rebellion with the stated goal of restoring Sima Ying. Ji and Shi both joined the rebellion—and it was only at that time that Ji gave his friend the family name "Shi" and
854:
In 333, Shi Le grew ill, and Shi Hu, during Shi Le's illness, began to put his sons in command of armies, preparing for a coup. When Shi Le died in the fall, Shi Hu immediately seized power in a coup, killing Cheng and Xu. Apparently pursuant to Shi Le's directions, he was secretly buried at a
723:). In 320, Shi Le sent Shi Hu and Kong Chang against Shao, capturing him. For a while longer, Duan served as the leader of the Jin forces remaining in Ji Province, but in 321, Shi Hu captured him as well. The only remaining point of Jin power north of the Yellow River became the Xianbei chief
388:
Shi Le is notably the only emperor in
Chinese history to have risen from the status of slave. He was known as a brilliant general, but was criticized by historians for excessive cruelty during his campaigns. He also put too much power in the hands of his ambitious and even more ferocious nephew
855:
location unknown publicly, and an empty casket was instead buried in a grand ceremony at an imperial tomb. Shi Hu made Shi Hong take the throne, but would depose Shi Hong in 334 and seize the throne himself. Shi Le's descendants would all die at Shi Hu's hands.
421:
did not use family names at the time. His likely original name is Bèi (㔨); one other possible original name was Fule (匐勒). His grandfather, named Yeyiyu (耶奕于), and his father, named
Zhouhezhu (周曷朱), were minor Jie chiefs, and their tribe traditionally lived in
445:
men were captured by Jin officials and sold as slaves. Eventually, he was sold to a man named Shi Huan (師懽), but Shi Huan freed him after becoming impressed with his talents. Eventually, he became a leader of bandits, and at one point he befriended
710:
For the first several years of his independence, Shi concentrated on annexing remaining pockets of Jin power in northern and central China. Later in 319, he attacked and defeated Duan Pidi, seizing You
Province, and Duan was forced to flee to join
747:
with the Yellow River serving as the border, leading to peace and trade relations. After Zu's death in 321, however, Later Zhao forces began to again attack Jin, gradually capturing Jin territory between the Yellow River and the
573:
the Prince of Langye, encountered difficulties as his army was trapped in the rain. Fearful that Jin forces were going to attack, Shi's key advisor Diao Ying (刁膺) suggested promising to submit to Sima Rui. Another advisor
702:
the title of Prince of Zhao. (Because Liu Yao, also in 319, changed the formal name of his state from Han to Zhao, Shi's state became known as Later Zhao, while Liu Yao's state became known as Former Zhao)
2330:
377:, he broke away from Han and formed his own state, Later Zhao (named as such due to Liu Yao changing his state's name from Han to Zhao, which is distinguished as the Former Zhao). In 321, he defeated
786:
to surrender, but when Liu Yao refused, Shi executed him. Liu Xi, in fear of Later Zhao forces, abandoned the Former Zhao capital Chang'an and retreated to
Shanggui (上邽, in modern
515:
the Prince of
Donghai had died earlier that year, and the large force that he commanded was trying to escort his funeral train back to his principality of Donghai (roughly modern
558:
as a general, and under the violent but talented Shi Hu, Shi Le's army became known for its cruel treatment of civilians but was also whipped into shape, rarely losing battles.
1269:
385:, and in 329 he captured Liu Yao and conquered the Han-Zhao, adding western China to his empire as well. For the next 21 years, the Later Zhao would dominate northern China.
441:
In 303 or 304, Bing
Province suffered a major famine, and the Jie tribes were seriously affected. Shi Le's tribe spread out and became refugees. Shi and many other Jie and
1062:
755:
In 322, Zhang Bin died—and Shi lamented at the time that Zhang's death might prevent him from completing greater things. Later that year, Shi Hu attacked and captured
2294:
847:, who advised him to gradually strip Shi Hu's powers and transfer them to Shi Hong. In 332, Shi Le did transfer some of Shi Hu's authority to Shi Hong and the
601:, by one of his generals. Fotudeng supposedly impressed Shi Le with his supernatural abilities and predictions, so Shi Le recruited him as one of his advisors.
2354:
587:) and made it his headquarters. He became increasingly reliant on Zhang for advice, and he respected Zhang so much that he no longer referred to him by name.
511:
In summer 311, Shi's prestige and power increased greatly when he was able to utterly defeat the largest Jin force remaining in central China. The Jin regent
656:
intentions, no longer defended against him. Several months later, Shi, under the guise of offering tribute, made a surprise attack on Wang's headquarters in
2326:
774:
who vacillated between being a Jin vassal and a Former Zhao vassal but acting independently—capturing him and annexing his domain into Later Zhao control.
373:, conquering most of northern China in Han-Zhao's name but holding the territory under his own control. In 319, after a dispute with the Han-Zhao emperor
2349:
778:
Former Zhao general Liu Yue (劉岳), seizing the entire
Luoyang region, which had previously been under split Jin and Former Zhao control, for Later Zhao.
664:), capturing and executing Wang. (However, at this time Shi was unable to hold You Province permanently, and it fell into the hand of the Duan chief
504:
ethnicities, but including some Han as well. After Liu Yuan's death in 310, Shi continued to submit to the authority of Liu Yuan's son and successor
668:, still loyal to Jin.) In fall 315, Liu Cong officially granted Shi imperial authority in the eastern empire, formalizing Shi's hold on his domain.
554:
and assassinated fellow Han general Wang, merging their forces with his own. As Shi's army grew, he increasingly trusted his young distant nephew
1262:
2310:
675:, who had previously posed a major threat to Han, and took Bing Province under his control, forcing Liu to flee to You Province to join Duan.
500:
to serve as advisors and officers, unlike many other agrarian revolt leaders, and he gained many followers, mostly from the Jie and other non-
2369:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2359:
1255:
546:, converged on the Jin capital Luoyang, which had been left defenseless by Sima Yue. Without major resistance, the capital fell, and
1754:
963:
1055:
1051:
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1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
2274:
2266:
1850:
1067:
482:, an ethnically Xiongnu former Sima Ying subordinate who had by now declared independence from Jin and established his own state
579:
could start to hold and increase his territory. Under Zhang's advice, Shi, later that year, captured Xiangguo (襄國, in modern
1718:
883:
813:
141:
2399:
2394:
2379:
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2306:
997:
1008:
2374:
820:
the crown prince; he granted another son, Shi Hong (石宏, note different character) the Prince of Qin the title "Grand
417:
Shi Le was born in 274—but was not named Shi Le, and certainly not with the family name Shi, as it appeared that the
365:
officials, but after attaining freedom, he helped start a rebellion and eventually became a powerful general for the
925:
Shi Hong (石宏, note the different character from his brother's name), the Prince of Qin (330, executed by Shi Hu 335)
2404:
727:
the Duke of Liaodong, who claimed Jin vassal status but was acting fairly independently in controlling the modern
362:
686:
in a coup, and Jin slaughtered all members of the imperial Liu household in the capital Pingyang (平陽, in modern
2258:
1418:
2250:
835:
Shi Le, not realizing Shi Hu's intentions, still trusted Shi Hu greatly, despite warnings from his advisors
731:. Shi, however, reached a stalemate to the south with the Jin governor of Yu Province (豫州, modern eastern
2322:
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901:
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672:
146:
47:
1956:
478:(司馬騰) the Prince of Xincai, ultimately was defeated in the winter of that year, and Shi instead joined
119:
644:, made a major assault on Xiangguo, the defense of which had not yet been completed. Shi's general
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922:(石弘, note the different character from his brother's name), the Crown Prince (330), later emperor
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was captured and later executed. Later that year, Shi captured the powerful Jin general
648:, however, made a surprise attack against Duan forces, capturing Duan Jilujuan's cousin
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824:," as official leader of the five nomadic tribes (collectively called in Chinese as
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the Prince of Chengdu's military commanders. Sima Ying was then stationed at
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in 304, he was forced to flee with his brother Emperor Hui to the capital
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In spring 312, though, Shi Le, preparing to have his army cross the
715:
the Jin governor of Ji Province (冀州, normally referring to central
682:. Shortly after, however, Liu Can was killed by his father-in-law
1572:
1297:
867:
Zhouhezhu (周曷朱), also named Qiyijia (乞翼加), minor Jie tribal chief.
791:
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Shi Hui (石恢), the Prince of Nanyang (330, executed by Shi Hu 335)
1251:
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It was also during this time when Shi Le was introduced to the
671:
In early 317, Shi defeated the Jin governor of Bing Province,
397:. Additionally, Shi Le was an important figure in the rise of
534:
In summer 311, several major Han generals, including Shi,
393:
who, after Shi Le's death, seized power from Shi Le's son
851:
Yan Zhen (嚴震), but this only served to aggravate Shi Hu.
763:
who vacillated between allegiance to Jin and Later Zhao.
381:, the last remaining Jin power in northern China besides
904:, sister of Cheng Xia (程遐), mother of Crown Prince Hong.
458:
and was the most powerful of the Jin imperial princes.
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678:In 318, Liu Cong died and was succeeded by his son
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886:(became the Empress in 330, deposed and killed by
806:In 330, Shi Le assumed the title "Heavenly King" (
523:). Shi Le intercepted them at Ku (苦縣, in modern
1063:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms
743:, and eventually the sides reached an informal
361:of China. He was initially sold as a slave by
409:to wield considerable influence in his court.
1263:
8:
719:, but now only with control of northwestern
569:, then under the control of the Jin general
839:(the brother of Crown Prince Hong's mother
244:, Prince of Zhao (大將軍 大單于 領冀州牧 趙王, 319–330)
1270:
1256:
1248:
1073:
430:). Shi grew up in Wuxiang (武鄉, in modern
35:
706:Independence and reign as Prince of Zhao
401:in 4th-century China, as he allowed the
940:
183:
954:. Rutgers University Press. pp.
7:
461:After Sima Ying briefly served as
59:" (石勒問道圖), formerly attributed to
57:Shi Le Reverencing a Buddhist Monk
14:
46:
2355:Jin dynasty (266–420) Buddhists
486:. Liu Yuan made him a general.
1227:Reason for succession failure:
1:
2295:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
495:As commander of a roving army
2370:4th-century Chinese monarchs
2350:Jin dynasty (266–420) people
1078:Emperor Ming of (Later) Zhao
912:Shi Xing (石興), the original
770:—a general occupying modern
605:After settlement in Xiangguo
759:, a minor warlord based in
2421:
916:, died sometime before 319
347:Emperor Ming of Later Zhao
55:depiction of Shi Le from "
39:Emperor Ming of Later Zhao
15:
2360:Chinese Buddhist monarchs
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951:The Empire of the Steppes
331:
274:
262:
249:of Great Zhao (大趙天王, 330)
235:
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191:
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45:
1113:Last known title holder:
766:In 323, Shi Hu attacked
948:Grousset, Rene (1970).
782:order his crown prince
816:the queen and his son
613:, the Jin governor of
334:; 274–17 August 333),
222:Jiànpíng (建平): 330–333
2229:Western Shu (405–413)
1212:— TITULAR —
1178:Emperor of Later Zhao
1151:Emperor of Later Zhao
236:Grand General, Grand
33:Emperor of Later Zhao
2400:Generals from Shanxi
2395:People from Changzhi
2380:Later Zhao Buddhists
2365:Former Zhao generals
859:Personal information
812:) and made his wife
341:, also known by his
2375:Later Zhao emperors
794:) with his brother
640:(段疾陸眷) the Duke of
629:), allied with the
548:Emperor Huai of Jin
490:As Han-Zhao general
469:and was deposed by
349:, was the founding
251:Emperor (since 330)
219:Tàihé (太和): 328–330
2213:Huan Chu (403–404)
2048:Son of Tuoba Pugen
1196:Titles in pretence
761:Taishan Commandery
359:Later Zhao dynasty
263:Emperor Ming (明皇帝)
2405:Founding monarchs
2337:
2336:
2124:Duan Qi (350–356)
2085:
2077:
1246:
1245:
1237:Succeeded by
1214:
1185:Succeeded by
1173:
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1142:Succeeded by
1130:
996:, vols. 104, 105
735:and northwestern
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1280:Sixteen Kingdoms
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1495:
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1449:Zhang Xuanjing
1446:
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1434:Zhang Chonghua
1431:
1426:
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1199:
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1186:
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1161:
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1126:Prince of Zhao
1112:
1106:
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1104:Regnal titles
1101:
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1080:
1077:
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1015:Zizhi Tongjian
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660:(薊, in modern
609:In early 313,
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496:
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319:
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240:, Governor of
233:
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207:: Shìlóng (世龍)
189:
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2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
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1968:
1965:
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1851:Western Liang
1848:
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1471:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1455:
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1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1439:Zhang Yaoling
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
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1189:
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1021:
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1016:
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1005:
1001:
998:
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989:
981:
975:
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967:
965:0-8135-1304-9
961:
957:
953:
952:
944:
941:
934:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
914:heir apparent
911:
910:
908:
903:
902:Consort Cheng
900:
899:
898:
894:
889:
885:
882:
881:
879:
874:
873:
871:
866:
865:
863:
862:
858:
856:
852:
850:
846:
842:
841:Consort Cheng
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
810:
801:
799:
797:
793:
789:
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726:
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718:
714:
705:
703:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
676:
674:
669:
667:
663:
659:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
638:Duan Jilujuan
635:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
604:
602:
600:
596:
593:
588:
586:
582:
577:
572:
568:
564:
563:Yangtze River
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
494:
489:
487:
485:
481:
477:
472:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:Bing Province
420:
412:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
337:
336:courtesy name
329:
325:
316:
312:
308:
304:
301:
298:
296:
292:
288:
286:
282:
273:
270:
266:
261:
258:
254:
248:
247:Heavenly King
243:
239:
234:
231:
227:
221:
218:
217:
215:
210:
206:
205:
204:Courtesy name
199:
194:
190:
185:
181:
174:
171:
169:
166:
163:
162:
160:
158:
154:
148:
147:Consort Cheng
145:
143:
140:
139:
137:
133:
126:
121:
117:
113:
110:333 (aged 59)
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
67:
62:
58:
54:
49:
44:
37:
29:
28:
23:
19:
2283:N. Dynasties
2279:S. Dynasties
2175:Murong Zhong
2155:Murong Chong
2081:Tuoba Yihuai
2068:Tuoba Yihuai
2014:Yang Nandang
2009:Yang Baozong
1909:Northern Yan
1894:Helian Chang
1827:Southern Yan
1798:Juqu Mengxun
1699:Qifu Qiangui
1636:Murong Sheng
1620:Murong Xiang
1529:Murong Huang
1472:
1454:Zhang Tianxi
1403:Former Liang
1217:
1216:
1211:
1176:
1169:King of Zhao
1166:
1165:
1148:
1147:
1135:King of Zhao
1133:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1109:
1095:
1088:
1083:House of Shi
1081:
1061:
1013:
1002:
991:
980:"漢字「㔨」：基本資料"
974:
950:
943:
853:
834:
807:
805:
780:
776:
765:
754:
709:
700:
677:
670:
654:
608:
589:
560:
533:
510:
498:
463:crown prince
460:
440:
426:(并州, modern
416:
387:
346:
338:
323:
322:
202:
197:
192:
56:
53:Ming dynasty
25:
18:Chinese name
2275:16 Kingdoms
2180:Murong Yong
2150:Murong Hong
2141:Western Yan
2084:(2nd reign)
2076:(2nd reign)
2043:Tuoba Pugen
2019:Yang Baochi
1947:Yang Maosou
1899:Helian Ding
1889:Helian Bobo
1841:Murong Chao
1816:Juqu Anzhou
1803:Juqu Mujian
1769:Tufa Lilugu
1719:Later Liang
1704:Qifu Chipan
1694:Qifu Guoren
1685:Western Qin
1609:Murong Chui
1004:Book of Wei
993:Book of Jin
884:Empress Liu
363:Western Jin
269:Temple name
242:Ji Province
230:Regnal name
193:Family name
142:Empress Liu
123: [
69:Emperor of
22:family name
2390:333 deaths
2385:274 births
2344:Categories
2267:3 Kingdoms
2170:Murong Yao
2073:Tuoba Hena
2063:Tuoba Hena
2058:Tuoba Heru
2053:Tuoba Yulü
2038:Tuoba Yilu
1999:Yang Sheng
1952:Yang Nandi
1809:Juqu Wuhui
1774:Tufa Rutan
1646:Murong Yun
1625:Murong Lin
1614:Murong Bao
1549:Former Qin
1539:Murong Wei
1534:Murong Jun
1520:Former Yan
1464:Later Zhao
1007:, vol. 95
935:References
897:Concubines
875:Lady Wang.
802:As emperor
750:Huai River
725:Murong Hui
650:Duan Mopei
646:Kong Chang
565:to attack
413:Early life
383:Murong Hui
300:Later Zhao
275:Gāozǔ (高祖)
198:Given name
71:Later Zhao
2236:Qiao Zong
2220:Huan Xuan
2204:Zhai Zhao
2199:Zhai Liao
2192:(388–392)
2165:Murong Yi
2143:(384–394)
2101:(350–352)
2031:(310–376)
2004:Yang Xuan
1994:Yang Ding
1989:Yang Cuan
1983:Yang Tong
1940:(296–443)
1928:Feng Hong
1911:(407–436)
1882:(407–431)
1853:(400–421)
1836:Murong De
1829:(398–410)
1786:(397–460)
1764:Tufa Wugu
1757:(397–414)
1721:(386–403)
1709:Qifu Mumo
1687:(385–431)
1665:Yao Chang
1658:(384–417)
1656:Later Qin
1641:Murong Xi
1602:(384–409)
1600:Later Yan
1584:Dou Chong
1551:(351–394)
1522:(337–370)
1466:(319–351)
1444:Zhang Zuo
1429:Zhang Jun
1424:Zhang Mao
1419:Zhang Shi
1413:Zhang Gui
1405:(318–376)
1350:(304–329)
1290:(304–347)
1288:Cheng-Han
909:Children
837:Cheng Xia
809:Tian Wang
666:Duan Pidi
576:Zhang Bin
536:Huyan Yan
476:Sima Teng
471:Sima Yong
452:Sima Ying
450:, one of
379:Duan Pidi
317:Lady Wang
309:Zhouhezhu
212:Era dates
195:: Shí (石)
85:Successor
61:Qian Xuan
2190:Zhai Wei
2160:Duan Sui
2131:Duan Kan
1977:Yang Shi
1972:Yang Jun
1967:Yang Guo
1962:Yang Chu
1728:Lü Guang
1675:Yao Hong
1670:Yao Xing
1590:Fu Chong
1563:Fu Sheng
1509:Liu Xian
1498:Shi Jian
1478:Shi Hong
1380:Jin Zhun
1369:Liu Cong
1357:Liu Yuan
1348:Han-Zhao
1311:Li Xiong
1240:Shi Hong
1188:Shi Hong
1182:330–333
1139:319–330
1117:Sima Lun
1018:, vols.
920:Shi Hong
845:Xu Guang
818:Shi Hong
814:Lady Liu
788:Tianshui
772:Shandong
729:Liaoning
721:Shandong
696:Chang'an
684:Jin Zhun
617:(modern
611:Wang Jun
599:Fotudeng
595:Buddhist
571:Sima Rui
521:Shandong
513:Sima Yue
506:Liu Cong
484:Han-Zhao
480:Liu Yuan
432:Jinzhong
407:Fotudeng
399:Buddhism
395:Shi Hong
200:: Lè (勒)
172:Shi Hong
168:Shi Hong
164:Shi Xing
89:Shi Hong
16:In this
2114:Ran Zhi
2108:Ran Min
2099:Ran Wei
1957:Yang Yi
1938:Chouchi
1923:Feng Ba
1918:Gao Yun
1793:Duan Ye
1745:Lü Long
1740:Lü Zuan
1734:Lü Shao
1630:Lan Han
1578:Fu Deng
1568:Fu Jiān
1558:Fu Jiàn
1503:Shi Zhi
1493:Shi Zun
1488:Shi Shi
1386:Liu Yao
1374:Liu Can
1337:Fan Ben
1326:Li Shou
1224:319–333
1162:Himself
1144:Himself
1110:Unknown
872:Mother
864:Father
830:empress
796:Liu Yin
745:détente
713:Shao Xu
680:Liu Can
673:Liu Kun
662:Beijing
631:Xianbei
623:Tianjin
619:Beijing
615:Youzhou
544:Wang Mi
540:Liu Yao
525:Zhoukou
467:Luoyang
456:Yecheng
448:Ji Sang
443:Xiongnu
375:Liu Yao
367:Xiongnu
353:of the
351:emperor
345:as the
339:Shilong
328:Chinese
295:Dynasty
175:Shi Hui
80:330–333
2307:W. Xia
1870:Li Xun
1865:Li Xin
1860:Li Gao
1483:Shi Hu
1473:Shi Le
1392:Liu Xi
1363:Liu He
1331:Li Shi
1316:Li Ban
1305:Li Liu
1205:Liu Xi
1094:
1068:vol. 2
962:
895:Major
888:Shi Hu
849:eunuch
843:) and
822:Chanyu
784:Liu Xi
768:Cao Ni
757:Xu Kan
692:Shanxi
688:Linfen
642:Liaoxi
636:chief
597:monk,
592:Kuchan
581:Xintai
567:Jianye
556:Shi Hu
552:Gou Xi
542:, and
436:Shanxi
428:Shanxi
405:monk,
403:Kuchan
391:Shi Hu
330::
324:Shi Le
314:Mother
306:Father
238:Chanyu
135:Spouse
115:Burial
20:, the
2251:Shang
1573:Fu Pi
1321:Li Qi
1298:Li Te
1096:Died:
1089:Born:
956:57–58
890:333).
880:Wife
826:Wu Hu
792:Gansu
741:Zu Ti
737:Anhui
733:Henan
717:Hebei
627:Hebei
585:Hebei
529:Henan
517:Linyi
369:-led
357:-led
285:House
187:Names
157:Issue
129:(高平陵)
127:]
77:Reign
2323:Qing
2319:Ming
2315:Yuan
2303:Song
2299:Liao
2291:Tang
2255:Zhou
960:ISBN
634:Duan
107:Died
99:Born
41:後趙明帝
2331:PRC
2327:ROC
2311:Jīn
2287:Sui
2271:Jìn
2263:Han
2259:Qin
2247:Xia
2029:Dai
1880:Xia
1167:as
1149:as
1124:as
1098:333
1091:274
502:Han
438:).
419:Jie
355:Jie
289:Shi
102:274
27:Shi
24:is
2346::
2329:/
2325:→
2321:→
2317:→
2313:→
2309:/
2305:/
2301:/
2297:→
2293:→
2289:→
2285:→
2281:/
2277:→
2273:/
2269:→
2265:→
2261:→
2257:→
2253:→
2249:→
1066:,
1056:95
1054:,
1052:94
1050:,
1048:93
1046:,
1044:92
1042:,
1040:91
1038:,
1036:90
1034:,
1032:89
1030:,
1028:88
1026:,
1024:87
1022:,
1020:86
958:.
832:.
790:,
752:.
739:)
698:.
690:,
658:Ji
621:,
583:,
538:,
527:,
519:,
508:.
434:,
332:石勒
125:zh
2116:)
2112:(
1985:)
1981:(
1818:)
1814:(
1811:)
1807:(
1736:)
1732:(
1632:)
1618:(
1586:)
1582:(
1511:)
1507:(
1415:)
1411:(
1394:)
1390:(
1382:)
1378:(
1365:)
1361:(
1339:)
1335:(
1307:)
1303:(
1300:)
1296:(
1271:e
1264:t
1257:v
1070:.
1058:.
1010:.
999:.
982:.
968:.
326:(
63:.
30:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
