1573:(AOD), it covers 0.483 square miles (1.25 km), and drains an area of 4.44 square miles (11.5 km). Lochan Sròn Mór is a lot smaller, covering 0.104 square miles (0.27 km), and its catchment area is 5.1 square miles (13.21 km). Its surface level is 974 feet (297 m) and it is this difference in levels that provides the head of 150 feet (46 m) for Sron Mor power station. Loch Fyne is a sea loch and a head of 964 feet (294 m) powers Clachan power station. Clachan discharges into the River Fyne above the point at which it enters Loch Fyne. This was the suggestion of the Fishery advisor, and required much more civil engineering than discharging into Loch Fyne. The intent was to encourage breeding fish to enter the river, rather than the tailrace of the power station.
1513:
before the foundations were put in. A round headed buttress dam was thought to be most suitable for the ground conditions after consideration of several other types. It was 2,379 feet (725 m) long and 148 feet (45 m) high. The second dam was built in two parts, either side of a large rock intrusion. One half was a concrete gravity dam, and the other an earth fill dam with a central spine of concrete. Construction proceeded well until mid-June 1954, when four months of extremely wet weather made working with earth fill almost impossible. By the end of
December 1954, however, impounding began in the lower reservoir. Filling of the main reservoir began two years later, in December 1956, although construction of the dam was not completed until early 1959.
1551:
power station on the banks of the River Fyne, a head of 800 feet (240 m) could be obtained, but the costs of the dam would make the scheme uneconomic. Engineers suggested that a prestressed concrete dam would be significantly cheaper than a mass gravity dam, but Angus Fulton who with Tom Lawrie had driven the Board forwards with energy and enthusiasm after MacColl's death, argued that a better solution was to spend the same amount of money on a prestressed dam, but build it 14 feet (4.3 m) higher. Despite the risks that this would be the first dam of its type in the world, Fulton thought it had "an element of adventure" and the Board agreed to proceed. The project became the Board's
Construction Scheme No.27, and work started in 1953.
1500:, but both had been the subject of fierce opposition on the grounds of amenity and fishing. The Shira scheme was close to the Sloy scheme but quite remote, and did not attract the same level of opposition. The Board surveyed the area in 1946, and installed a number of rain gauges, to provide accurate data on water resources. These showed that average rainfall would be about 105 inches (2,700 mm), but also showed that there were some periods when it was very heavy indeed. In addition, the terrain was quite challenging for a large construction project, and many miles of access roads were needed to enable vehicles to reach the construction sites.
36:
1533:
by aqueducts from dams on tributaries of the
Cladich River, while similar intakes on the Brannie, Kilbaan and Clachan fed water into the tunnel to Clachan power station. However, when the station was not generating, the water from these intakes flowed in the reverse direction and into Lochan Sron Mor. The lower reservoir was much too small for its catchment. To prevent the water going to waste, Sron Mor power station, which normally generated power when water passed from the upper to the lower reservoir, was fitted with pumps to move water from the lower to the upper reservoir.
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the amount of power that could be generated. The project became the Board's
Construction Scheme No.12. When work began in 1949, the first task was the construction of around 15 miles (24 km) of access roads, which was a slow process, and no other work could be started until these were completed. A quarry was opened near to the dam, and quarrying machinery from the Loch Sloy project was adapted to produce rock sand. A base for 800 workmen was built on an abandoned military camp, and by Spring 1951, everything was in place for the main construction to begin.
1517:
station, as there was a shortage of steel at the time, and the underground option saved 350 tons of it. This option was therefore adopted, and the cavern was created by cut-and-cover. Once the enormous machine hall had been excavated, a reinforced concrete arch roof was built over it, and rocks were used to return the ground surface to its original profile. This was the first large underground station that the Board built. The machine hall housed a single
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1951:
1537:, the Board's chief executive from inception until his death in 1951, had suggested a similar scheme for a power station at Sloy in 1936, while working for the Central Electricity Board. His idea, which he called a "reversible hydraulic station", was dismissed as uneconomic. Such a scheme is now called
1541:
and the Sron Mor station was the first major implementation of it in
Britain. The Board were keen that data should be collected on its operation, in view of its potential benefits for systems which might soon include nuclear generating capacity. Sron Mor station began operating in Autumn 1957, around
1532:
The catchment area of Lochan Shira was increased by intercepting tributaries in the River Fyne catchment, one of which, the Allt an
Taillir also received water from dams on the Allt Coire Làir, a tributary of the River Lochy that flows into Loch Awe. The catchment of the Lochan Sron Mor was increased
1503:
Several of the Board's schemes were able to cascade power stations, so that water was used more than once, but for the Shira scheme there was only one suitable site for a storage reservoir. However, it also became clear that additional water could be obtained from adjacent river systems, to increase
1550:
A site for a further reservoir was found in the valley of the Allt na
Lairige, a tributary of the Fyne. Other streams could be diverted to increase the catchment area above the natural 3.2 square miles (8.3 km), where the rainfall was around 125 inches (3,200 mm) per year. By locating the
1512:
A main dam was built across the River Shira to create Lochan Shira, and another dam creating a second much smaller reservoir called Lochan Sron Mor was built below it. At the main dam site, the rock strata was quite variable, and 135,000 cubic yards (103,000 m) of rock and soil were excavated
1555:
was 1,395 feet (425 m) long and 78 feet (24 m) high, while the tunnel from the dam to Allt na
Lairige power station was 1.75 miles (2.82 km) long. There were some problems with getting the high tensile steel bars delivered on time, but the work progressed well, and was completed in
1488:
while he was
Secretary of State for Scotland. Johnston's vision was for a public body that could build hydro-electric stations throughout the Highlands. Profits made by selling bulk electricity to the Scottish lowlands would be used to fund "the economic development and social improvement of the
1516:
The tunnel from Lochan Sron Mor to
Clachan power station, on the banks of Loch Fyne, was around 6 miles (9.7 km) long and 11 feet (3.4 m) in diameter. Half of it was completed in the first year. Costings for Clachan power station were similar for a surface building and an underground
1467:
The remoteness of the area in which the scheme was built required 15 miles (24 km) of access roads to be built before the main works could begin. The three dams were all of different types; a round headed buttress dam; a concrete gravity and earth fill dam; and the first ever use of a
1576:
The reservoir formed by the Allt na Lairige Dam is at 994 feet (303 m) AOD, has a surface area of 82 acres (33 ha) and drains an area of 3.17 square miles (8.2 km). This provides the head of 817 feet (249 m) for the power station.
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prestressed gravity dam. The construction of the earth fill dam was hindered by four months of extremely wet weather. Clachan was the first large underground power station that the Board built, while Sron Mor was the first implementation of a
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connected to a central 6 MW alternator, and the dam was fitted with instrumentation so that data would be available to inform future designs, although the Board did not subsequently build another prestressed dam.
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North of Scotland." Private consumers would be offered a supply of cheap electricity, and their connection to that supply would not reflect the actual cost of its provision in remote and sparsely-populated areas.
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scheme, built in anticipation of the arrival of nuclear power generation. The power stations were commissioned in 1953, 1955 and 1957, in advance of the completion of work on the dams.
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driving a 40 MW generator, the largest water-powered generator in the United Kingdom at the time. The power station was commissioned in January 1955.
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The hydro: a study of the development of the major hydro-electric schemes undertaken by the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board
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was created by the Hydro-electric Development (Scotland) Act 1943, a measure championed by the politician
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1464:, western Scotland. It consists of three power stations and three impounding dams.
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18 months before the main dam and the final collecting aqueduct were completed.
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The surface level of Lochan Shira is 1,109 feet (338 m) above
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Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in the United Kingdom
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The first two major schemes promoted by the Board had been at
1934:"Reservoir or Allt na Lairige Reservoir Water body ID 24386"
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Water from the Brannie Burn is fed into the Clachan tunnel
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2537:Lerwick District Heating and Energy Recovery Plant
1460:. It is located between Loch Fyne and Loch Awe in
1628:Power from the Glens - 75th Anniversary edition
1976:
179:
8:
1647:The Hydro Boys: Pioneers of Renewable Energy
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2761:Hydroelectric power stations in Scotland
2471:European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre
2100:Scottish Government (Energy Directorate)
1936:. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
1922:. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
1908:. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
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68:Hydro-Electric Scheme in Argyll and Bute
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16:Power stations near Loch Fyne, Scotland
2146:North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board
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1590:The dam builders: power from the glens
1482:North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board
1450:North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board
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1920:"Lochan Sròn Mór Water body ID 24308"
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2166:South of Scotland Electricity Board
1556:Autumn 1956. The water powered two
1906:"Lochan Shira Water body ID 24276"
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21:Dam in Glen Shira, Argyll and Bute
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2014:Energy in the United Kingdom
1626:Reeves, Julian, ed. (2018).
1446:Shira Hydro-Electric Scheme
88:Glen Shira, Argyll and Bute
2787:
2766:Underground power stations
1956:Shira hydroelectric scheme
2716:
2703:Energy policy of Scotland
2065:Community Energy Scotland
2009:
1452:to use the waters of the
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2156:Scottish Hydro Electric
1607:Payne, Peter L (1988).
1042:Sron Mor power station
1588:Miller, James (2002).
1529:
1283:Clachan power station
40:Sron Mor power station
2312:Moriston (Great Glen)
1958:at Wikimedia Commons
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197:Hydro-Electric Scheme
29:Hydro-Electric Scheme
2277:Kinlochewe-Talladale
1824:, pp. 177, 181.
1753:, pp. 174, 176.
487:Allt na Lairige dam
1895:, pp. 184–185.
1797:, pp. 176–177.
1681:, pp. 50, 298.
1645:Wood, Emma (2002).
1553:Allt na Lairige Dam
110: /
2527:Dundee Incinerator
2247:Garry (Great Glen)
2151:Pelamis Wave Power
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114:56.2776°N 4.9220°W
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1954:Media related to
1883:, pp. 51–52.
1705:, pp. 58–59.
1693:, pp. 19–20.
1656:978-1-84282-016-2
1637:978-1-5272-2500-8
1618:978-0-08-036584-8
1599:978-1-84158-225-2
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2120:John Wood Group
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1657:
1649:. Luath Press.
1644:
1638:
1625:
1619:
1606:
1600:
1587:
1583:
1567:
1548:
1546:Allt na Lairige
1519:Francis turbine
1510:
1478:
1462:Argyll and Bute
1414:
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1016:
1009:
989:
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906:
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648:
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454:
453:
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384:
377:
358:
351:
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342:
333:
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296:
289:
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262:
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208:
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118:
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72:
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62:
41:
28:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2784:
2782:
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2609:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2572:
2570:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2542:Steven's Croft
2539:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
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2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2451:Braes of Doune
2448:
2443:
2441:Beinn an Tuirc
2438:
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2428:
2422:
2420:
2416:
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2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2189:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2141:British Energy
2138:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2006:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1965:
1946:
1945:External links
1943:
1940:
1939:
1925:
1911:
1897:
1885:
1873:
1871:, p. 100.
1858:
1856:, p. 184.
1841:
1839:, p. 181.
1826:
1814:
1799:
1787:
1785:, p. 176.
1770:
1768:, p. 189.
1755:
1743:
1731:
1729:, p. 174.
1719:
1717:, p. 135.
1707:
1695:
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1662:
1661:
1655:
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1617:
1604:
1598:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1571:Ordnance datum
1566:
1563:
1547:
1544:
1539:pumped storage
1535:Edward MacColl
1509:
1506:
1477:
1474:
1470:pumped storage
1440:
1439:
1436:
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2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:Nostie Bridge
2320:
2318:
2315:
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2308:
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2300:
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2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:Affric-Beauly
2200:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:ScottishPower
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2085:National Grid
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2051:organisations
2049:Companies and
2047:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2030:Nuclear power
2028:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1944:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1812:, p. 99.
1811:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1744:
1741:, p. 97.
1740:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1684:
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1675:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:Pelton wheels
1554:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1182:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1002:
1000:
997:
991:
947:
945:
942:
939:Brannie Burn
936:
881:
879:
876:
873:Lochan Shira
870:
826:
824:
821:
815:
785:
783:
780:
774:
730:
728:
725:
720:
669:
667:
664:
658:
563:
561:
558:
553:
495:
493:
490:
484:
411:
409:
406:
400:
370:
368:
365:
360:
308:
306:
303:
298:
275:
273:
270:
264:
220:
218:
215:
212:
211:
207:
203:
202:
189:
184:
182:
177:
175:
170:
167:
166:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
53:
44:
37:
32:
25:
19:
2738:
2726:
2659:Hunterston B
2641:Hunterston A
2481:Hadyard Hill
2410:Islay LIMPET
2331:
2185:Active power
2095:Scottish Gas
1948:
1928:
1914:
1900:
1888:
1876:
1817:
1790:
1746:
1734:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1646:
1627:
1611:. Pergamon.
1608:
1589:
1581:Bibliography
1575:
1568:
1549:
1531:
1515:
1511:
1508:Construction
1502:
1498:Tummel-Garry
1491:
1486:Tom Johnston
1479:
1466:
1445:
1443:
1399:River Shira
994:to Loch Awe
267:River Lochy
18:
2669:Oil and gas
2653:Chapelcross
2560:Deactivated
2496:Kilgallioch
2466:Crystal Rig
2461:Cruach Mhòr
2377:Oil and gas
2342:Storr Lochs
2267:Kerry Falls
2217:Breadalbane
1810:Reeves 2018
1739:Reeves 2018
1691:Miller 2002
1592:. Birlinn.
1454:River Shira
818:River Fyne
141:Operational
117: /
93:Coordinates
2755:Categories
2606:Kincardine
2588:Portobello
2532:Greengairs
2501:Pates Hill
2272:Kilmelfort
2222:Chliostair
2070:EDF Energy
2040:Wind power
1893:Payne 1988
1881:Payne 1988
1869:Payne 1988
1854:Payne 1988
1837:Payne 1988
1822:Payne 1988
1795:Payne 1988
1783:Payne 1988
1766:Payne 1988
1751:Payne 1988
1727:Payne 1988
1715:Payne 1988
1679:Payne 1988
1666:References
403:Reservoir
102:56°16′39″N
2624:Longannet
2618:Cockenzie
2547:Westfield
2486:Hare Hill
2446:Black Law
2431:Arecleoch
2426:Ardrossan
2394:Stornoway
2389:Peterhead
2292:Loch Gair
2287:Loch Dubh
1703:Wood 2002
1565:Hydrology
1494:Loch Sloy
1343:Loch Fyne
105:4°55′19″W
2727:Category
2676:Inverkip
2647:Dounreay
2600:Braehead
2576:Pinkston
2562:stations
2511:Whitelee
2506:Seagreen
2436:Beatrice
2297:Lochaber
2242:Galloway
2232:Cruachan
2187:stations
2003:Scotland
661:Intakes
154:Owner(s)
85:Location
80:Scotland
2739:Commons
2634:Nuclear
2602:(1980s)
2596:(1980s)
2578:(1960s)
2384:Lerwick
2368:Torness
2361:Nuclear
2347:Striven
2317:Mucomir
2257:Glendoe
2171:Wavegen
2129:Defunct
2058:Current
2023:Sectors
1630:. SSE.
1476:History
130:Purpose
77:Country
2684:(2011)
2678:(1988)
2661:(2022)
2655:(2004)
2649:(1994)
2643:(1990)
2626:(2016)
2620:(2013)
2614:(2000)
2612:Methil
2608:(1997)
2594:Barony
2590:(1977)
2584:(1976)
2491:Hywind
2352:Tummel
2282:Lanark
2237:Foyers
1999:Energy
1653:
1634:
1615:
1596:
206:Legend
138:Status
2696:Other
2582:Yoker
2520:Other
2456:Clyde
2332:Shira
2307:Morar
2302:Lussa
2262:Inver
2252:Gisla
2227:Conon
2207:Arran
2195:Hydro
2080:FREDS
195:Shira
133:Power
27:Shira
2682:Fife
2569:Coal
2476:Farr
2419:Wind
2403:Wave
2337:Sloy
2327:Shin
1651:ISBN
1632:ISBN
1613:ISBN
1594:ISBN
1496:and
1480:The
1444:The
149:1955
2212:Awe
2115:SSE
2110:SGN
2001:in
158:SSE
2757::
1861:^
1844:^
1829:^
1802:^
1773:^
1758:^
1984:e
1977:t
1970:v
1659:.
1640:.
1621:.
1602:.
187:e
180:t
173:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
