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step away from Kao. She believed the officer would grab the stick but once she had retreated, Shields shot Kao once in the chest. Shields later testified that Kao charged him with the stick raised over his head in a striking posture, closing to within 3 feet (0.91 m). Four separate eyewitnesses contradicted
Shields' testimony, saying that Kao was never closer to Shields than 10 feet (3.0 m). Kao was then handcuffed behind his back and left face down on his driveway to await paramedics. Ayling Wu, a trained medical professional, said she could see her husband breathing and tried to administer aid but was physically restrained by the officers and threatened with arrest. By the time paramedics arrived some ten minutes later Kao was dead. His body remained in the driveway until noon, and his 5-year-old daughter witnessed part of the disturbance.
364:
gradually ceased contact after Kao's death. Following the departure of the family nanny after the move south, Wu fell into a period of extreme depression and experienced suicidal thoughts, while struggling to make ends meet while also attempting to raise the children on her own. Wu's condition gradually improved over the years and led a moderately successful career as a
Director of Nursing in medical rehabilitation facilities. One of the twins holds a career in
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to comply with the
Commission's request to yield their seats in turn so that we could have a complete and balanced perspective. Even while Sheriff Jim Piccinini boasted about the richness of the diversity of Sonoma County, I could see few of those diverse faces represented among the ranks of law enforcement or present in the hearing room. A true democracy does not claim success simply by silencing those who do not agree.
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The members and supporters of law enforcement went so far as to pack the hearing room with supporters wearing yellow buttons to the exclusion of any other voices. While dozens of community members representing other viewpoints were forced to wait downstairs, many supporters of law enforcement refused
236:
On the night of April 28, 1997, Kao was drinking at the Cotati Yacht Club in celebration of a new job. While at the bar, he was involved in two scuffles with at least one other bar patron. In the first, he corrected a patron by stating he was
Chinese, not Japanese, to which the other patron responded
255:
Lynch and
Shields were in uniform and arrived in marked patrol cars with their sirens on but an eyewitness later stated neither of them identified themselves as police officers. When the officers arrived, Kao's wife Ayling Wu was outside trying to calm Kao and grab the stick. Shields commanded Wu to
363:
named Nala, which was purchased as a puppy by Kao for their daughter several years prior. Wu received temporary support with childcare from the family nanny, who assisted with the moving transition to Orange County for several months. All of Kao and Wu's extended families reside in Taiwan, and
273:
The Sonoma County
Sheriff's Department conducted an investigation of the shooting and filed a 600-page report with the Sonoma County District Attorney's office in May 1997. On June 19, 1997, Sonoma County District Attorney Michael Mullins decided not to file criminal charges against Officer Jack
227:
was the second respondent, a 25-year veteran
Rohnert Park public safety officer (the combined police and fire departments) at the time of the shooting in 1997. He had been promoted to police lieutenant soon after joining the force, and was later promoted to fire commander after serving more than
251:
Four minutes later police officer Lynch arrived and stopped his patrol vehicle close to Kao in what witnesses felt was an attempt to scare him, but Kao hit the patrol car with the stick. Lynch backed the car away and remained in the car waiting for backup. Almost simultaneously, officer
Shields
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Kao's widow Ayling Wu and their three children moved to Orange County by 1998. Most of the lawsuit settlement was consumed by legal fees and moving expenses. Due to the challenges of raising 3 young children alone, Wu felt that she had no choice but to sell the family dog, a 3 year old fawn
259:
Shields later testified that he feared for his life as Kao was waving the stick in "a threatening martial arts fashion." Kao never studied martial arts. A warrant executed the next day had police comb through Kao's house for evidence of martial arts training or paraphernalia. None was found.
347:
The shooting of
Kuanchung Kao mobilized Asian-American activists to protest the perceived racial factors in his killing. Days after the August 1997 Rohnert Park investigation cleared Shields, on the 100-day anniversary of Kao's death, a vigil was held in San Francisco in part demanding a new
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The same patron later approached Kao and whispered some inflammatory words, instigating an altercation to which police were called. Kao was sent home in a taxicab by the bartender, who said the bar fight was inconsistent with Kao's usual behavior.
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Shields, concluding that
Officer Shields had acted in self-defense. The California Attorney General's office investigated whether the decision not to prosecute was an abuse of discretion, concluding in a March 24, 1998 letter from
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requested an FBI investigation of the shooting shortly after it occurred, on the suspicion that Kao's civil rights had been violated through the use of excessive force, which potentially could have led to a life sentence. Senator
299:
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Upon arriving home, Kao stayed outside, crying "Neighbors, please help me!" Postmortem tests showed Kao's blood alcohol level was 0.23%. Neighbors called 911 to report a drunken disturbance at 2:11
180:. Kao was waving a wooden stick in the street in front of his driveway, prompting multiple 911 calls placed by Kao's neighbors. He was then fatally shot by public safety officer Jack Shields.
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arrived, training a spotlight on Kao and exiting his vehicle, despite Lynch radioing Shields to remain in his car. Shields later testified that he left the car to find Kao's wife Ayling Wu.
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investigation, which held a public hearing on February 20, 1998. Police and police supporters packed the meeting, forcing those with different viewpoints to stand outside the meeting room.
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On August 5, 1997, the Rohnert Park Department of Public Safety ruled Officer Shields acted in accordance with departmental policies and procedures for the use of deadly force.
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twenty years as a police lieutenant. He was demoted to patrol officer after a year as fire commander after he was found guilty of falsifying time cards for other employees.
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met with Ayling Wu and Nancy Wang on October 3, 1997; following the meeting Boxer stated she would relay concerns to the US Attorney. On January 28, 1998, US Attorney
216:) was a Taiwanese-born microbiologist working as a quality control engineer. He was married to Ayling Wu, a registered nurse, and they had three children together.
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1537:
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352:
1274:"Bridging the Gap: The Role of Asian American Public Interest Organizations in the Pursuit of Legal and Social Remedies to Anti-Asian Hate Crimes"
518:"Bridging the Gap: The Role of Asian American Public Interest Organizations in the Pursuit of Legal and Social Remedies to Anti-Asian Hate Crimes"
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a.m. Kao retrieved a 6 foot (1.8 m) wooden stick comparable to a closet rod from a motorhome parked in his driveway at around this time.
335: million federal suit against Rohnert Park, its Police Department, and the two officers involved. The suit was settled out-of-court for
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by saying "You all look alike to me." The bartender, who was familiar with Kao, separated them by seating them at opposite ends of the bar.
311:
declined to file criminal charges against Officer Shields, citing insufficient evidence that Kuanchung Kao's civil rights were violated.
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Mike Lynch left the Department of Public Safety within one year of the shooting, and was last known to be working in a local pet shop.
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1132:"Appendix A: Observations of the State Advisory Committee Hearing on Police-Community Relations in Sonoma County, February 20, 1998"
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Jack Shields retired from the Rohnert Park Department of Public Safety in 2000 with over 30 years of service and moved to
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Anti-Asian Violence in North America: Asian American and Asian Canadian Reflections on Hate, Healing, and Resistance
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Activist pressure along with a growing trend of fatal police shootings in Sonoma County culminated in a
67:
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1134:. Community Concerns About Law Enforcement in Sonoma County (Report). US Commission on Civil Rights
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Kao's family filed a lawsuit against Rohnert Park which was settled for $ 1 million.
595:"Officer Will Not Face Charges / Rohnert Park cop shot man he says threatened him"
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Masking Selves, Making Subjects: Japanese American Women, Identity and the Body
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667:"Officer who killed man; Details of Rohnert Park shooting in 600-page report"
109:
96:
37:
1301:
Murder and the Reasonable Man: Passion and Fear in the Criminal Courtroom
730:
Murder and the Reasonable Man: Passion and Fear in the Criminal Courtroom
1500:"N.Y. Candidate's Quest Rooted in Northern California Civil Rights Case"
1553:
Asian people shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States
360:
207:
384:
453:"BAY AREA REPORT—NORTH BAY/Rohnert Park Man Fatally Shot by Cops"
195:
1339:. Walnut Creek, California: AltaMira Press. pp. 81–86.
1005:"$ 1 million settlement in slaying by Rohnert Park police"
1257:
Community Concerns About Law Enforcement in Sonoma County
1083:
Community Concerns About Law Enforcement in Sonoma County
845:"BAY AREA DATELINES: Boxer meets wife of shooting victim"
1369:. Oakland: University of California Press. p. 273.
1155:
1153:
1106:"An Open Letter to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights"
339: million in 2001 with no admission of liability.
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was the first police respondent on the scene. Officer
1335:. In Hall, Patricia Wong; Hwang, Victor M. (eds.).
898:"Criminal Charges Dropped Against Rohnert Park Cop"
566:"Asian man's shooting by police spurs three probes"
158:
150:
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125:
86:
74:
62:
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1298:
727:
1297:Lee, Cynthia (2003). "6: Race and Self-Defense".
976:"Widow Sues Rohnert Park Over Killing by Officer"
726:Lee, Cynthia (2003). "6: Race and Self-Defense".
767:"Cop slaying of Asian justifiable, Lungren says"
483:"Cop won't face charges for killing drunken man"
331:, followed by the February 2, 1998 filing of a
872:"U.S. won't charge cop in death; Asians upset"
998:
996:
628:"Widow can't forget shooting in Rohnert Park"
42:Kuanchung Kao, cropped from a family portrait
8:
1398:Cahill, Greg; Harris, Paula (May 29, 1997).
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1197:"Mayor is running Hamlin police department"
950:"Widow files lawsuit in Rohnert Park death"
924:"Wrongful Death Claim Against Rohnert Park"
1255:California Advisory Committee (May 2000).
1081:California Advisory Committee (May 2000).
1057:"Vigil on 100th Day Since Police Shooting"
820:"Probe Ordered of Slaying in Rohnert Park"
162:Lawsuit (Kao v. Rohnert Park) settled for
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511:
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1333:"4: From Vincent Chin to Kuan Chung Kao"
1229:. Santa Rosa, California. Archived from
702:"Outrage at killing by cop in North Bay"
353:United States Commission on Civil Rights
1363:"2: In/Visible Difference (Footnote 3)"
1259:(Report). US Commission on Civil Rights
1170:"2013 CalPERS Pensions: Jack W Shields"
1085:(Report). US Commission on Civil Rights
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27:Shooting of a Californian by the police
387:, later becoming the mayor of Hamlin.
1130:Lee, Commissioner Yvonne (May 2000).
948:Lat, Emelyn Cruz (February 3, 1998).
7:
1548:History of Sonoma County, California
1538:Asian-American-related controversies
1029:Winokur, Scott (September 9, 1997).
1438:Harris, Paula (February 12, 1998).
1418:Shioya, Tara (September 17, 1997).
1195:Emison, Celinda (August 11, 2010).
1055:Fernandez, Manny (August 8, 1997).
896:Fimrite, Peter (January 29, 1998).
1478:Spinrad, Paul (February 2, 2008).
1031:"Kuanchung Kao's political legacy"
974:Wallace, Bill (February 3, 1998).
922:Rojas, Aurelio (October 2, 1997).
25:
1104:Moore, Mary (February 23, 1998).
792:Snyder, George (August 7, 1997).
278:that deadly force was justified.
1498:Yamamoto, J.K. (July 10, 2012).
1305:. New York: NYU Press. pp.
870:Chao, Julie (January 29, 1998).
734:. New York: NYU Press. pp.
593:Snyder, George (June 19, 1997).
400:
1543:Deaths by firearm in California
1440:"Civilian Police Review Boards"
1272:Chang, Michael (January 2000).
516:Chang, Michael (January 2000).
290:Federal Bureau of Investigation
269:Sonoma County District Attorney
176:occurred on April 29, 1997, in
1420:"Duck! You're in Wine Country"
626:Chao, Julie (April 29, 1998).
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132:Officer Jack Shields (shooter)
1:
1563:Law enforcement in California
1003:Kim, Ryan (August 16, 2001).
818:Ingram, Erik (May 21, 1997).
794:"Rohnert Park Clears Officer"
665:Chao, Julie (July 23, 1997).
481:Chao, Julie (June 19, 1997).
426:Shooting of Bich Cau Thi Tran
408:San Francisco Bay Area portal
1221:Klose, Bob (26 April 1998).
700:Chao, Julie (May 21, 1997).
564:Chao, Julie (May 25, 1997).
1459:"Remembering Kuanchung Kao"
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1278:Asian American Law Journal
522:Asian American Law Journal
1404:Sonoma County Independent
1361:Yamamoto, Traise (1998).
66:Approximately 2:15 a.m. (
35:
31:Shooting of Kuanchung Kao
18:Shooting of Kuanchung Kao
1568:Rohnert Park, California
1110:Sonoma County Free Press
368:and the other twin is a
327:filed an administrative
194:(1963 or 1964 –
178:Rohnert Park, California
174:killing of Kuanchung Kao
110:38.330170°N 122.679730°W
80:Rohnert Park, California
51:April 29, 1997
1480:"Hard-Hitting Research"
1061:San Francisco Chronicle
1009:San Francisco Chronicle
980:San Francisco Chronicle
928:San Francisco Chronicle
902:San Francisco Chronicle
824:San Francisco Chronicle
798:San Francisco Chronicle
599:San Francisco Chronicle
416:Killing of Vincent Chin
1558:Protests in California
1174:Transparent California
1035:San Francisco Examiner
954:San Francisco Examiner
876:San Francisco Examiner
849:San Francisco Examiner
771:San Francisco Examiner
706:San Francisco Examiner
671:San Francisco Examiner
632:San Francisco Examiner
570:San Francisco Examiner
487:San Francisco Examiner
457:San Francisco Examiner
421:Shooting of Andy Lopez
296:United States Attorney
115:38.330170; -122.679730
1201:Abilene Reporter-News
1159:Karolyn Kao, daughter
135:Kuanchung Kao (death)
1484:Berkeley Engineering
370:wildland firefighter
329:wrongful death claim
319:On October 1, 1997,
1444:MetroActive Central
106: /
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1533:1997 in California
1331:Mar, Eric (2001).
1227:The Press-Democrat
1223:"Police Oversight"
851:. October 5, 1997
309:Michael Yamaguchi
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1400:"Up for Review"
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