200:
322:
230:
133:
31:
364:
74:
295:
1014:
251:
241:
and extends down the shoulders. Donkeys are known for their distinct shoulder stripe, which, when combined with the dorsal stripe, is sometimes called a "cross". It is more marked in breeds closest to the wild
African ancestors of the domestic donkey. Indistinct or poorly defined markings in these
371:
Less distinct primitive markings can also occur on non-dun horses, even in breeds which are not known to have any dun individuals. The most common primitive marking found is a dorsal stripe. Most non-dun horses do not have darker primitive markings, but some do. This is because there are two types
302:
The dorsal stripe runs through the mane and tail of a dun horse, so the center of the mane and tail are darker. The outer edges may be significantly lighter, even close to white. These paler hairs are seen at the base of the tail and on the edges of the mane. The presence of guard hairs may also be
214:
Leg bars are prominent on Grevy's zebras and mountain zebras, and
African wild asses also have well-defined black leg bars below the forearm and gaskin on a white or pale background. However, as in horses, expression of leg bars seems to vary widely among donkeys, plains zebras, and Przewalski's
115:
Every dun horse has a dorsal stripe, and some dun horses also have additional primitive markings. Some non-dun horses may also show primitive markings, namely newborn foals and horses with the non-dun 1 gene. Primitive markings in horses are an example of
346:
Zippers are lines of paler hairs running vertically along the back of the animal's leg, usually from the hoof to the knee. Because they consist of paler hairs and are found where horses often have feathering, zippers are considered by some to be guard
120:: preservation of or reversion to ancestral type. While primitive markings are closely linked with the dun coat colors, the variations of expression and presence in non-dun horses suggest that the markings themselves may be governed by a separate
64:
stripe, but the presence of the other primitive markings varies. Other common markings may include horizontal striping on the legs, transverse striping across the shoulders, and lighter guard hairs along the edges of a dark mane and tail.
423:, are born with primitive markings such as dorsal stripes and leg bars that disappear after the foal coat sheds. Such horses are sometimes mistakenly registered as dun. This error seems particularly common in foals that turn
272:
Ear marks are dark markings on the ears, whether the marking involves only the rim, half the back of the ear, or distinct barring or striping on the back of the ear. These are seen almost universally throughout
354:
from nearby. The bider is mostly symmetrical and found near the front of each shoulder, near the chest. The size of the bider ranges from a small dark spot to a large, webbed cape of darker skin and hair.
333:
Dorsal barbs are suggestions of vertical striping on either side of the dorsal stripe. They may be so closely placed that they resemble secondary dorsal stripes. Dorsal barbs are also called fishboning.
388:
is relatively recent, and is thought to have first appeared within the past several thousand years. Primitive markings on non-duns can be seasonal, visible only when the horse is shedding its coat.
175:
The dorsal stripe reflects the original coat color of the horse. Those on bay duns may be black or reddish, while those on red duns are distinctly red. Dorsal stripes on dun horses with the
242:
regions are often called neck or shoulder smudges, patches, or shadows. Especially large markings are called neck or shoulder capes. The kiang exhibits some shoulder smudging.
835:"Zippers" on the backs of the fetlocks of dun dilute colored horses is a common sight. When clipped, the light line running up the back of the fetlock will be very crisp.
207:
Also called zebra bars, tiger stripes, or garters, leg bars are the most common accessory to the dorsal stripe. Leg bars are most commonly seen on or above the knees and
156:, the dorsal stripe is thin but distinct and black. In Przewalski's horse, the dorsal stripe is usually dark brown, while it is black in the bred-back tarpan. In the
380:. Non-dun 1 removes the diluting effect of dun, but keeps the primitive markings, while non-dun 2 removes both the diluting effect and the primitive markings. The
955:
391:
Dorsal stripes and other primitive markings on non-dun horses used to be called "countershading" dorsals before their genetic cause was discovered at the
648:
329:
Less common primitive markings include vertically oriented markings which may be arranged as bars, fine striping, or smudges. Such markings include:
336:
Rib marks are extended, perhaps interrupted dorsal barbs. They are usually fine, faint stripes and may be responsible for some horses classified as
266:
Cobwebbing, also called spiderwebbing, consists of fine, radial stripes on the forehead. Among other equids, cobwebbing is most apparent in zebras.
307:, which have their sandwich-patterned manes shaved short and upright. The presence of paler guard hairs on the mane and tail is seen throughout
56:. In horses, they are associated with primitive breeds, though not limited to such breeds. The markings are particularly associated with the
778:
847:
Mioko MASUDA; Junko TSUNODA; Hiroko NOMURA; Nami KIMURA; Gombojav ALTANGEREL; Bandi NAMKHAI; Usukhjargal DOLJ; Michinari YOKOHAMA (2007).
908:
948:
726:
781:. Paper presented at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, 9 May 2012 (revised version, 2013). Accessed July 2014.
221:
One classical genetics study concluded that stripes on the front legs seem to follow an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.
819:
941:
794:
199:
1484:
1465:
1434:
1424:
1399:
211:, and reflect the underlying coat color. Leg bars on bay duns are black within the points, and reddish above them.
321:
686:
573:"Regulatory mutations in TBX3 disrupt asymmetric hair pigmentation that underlies Dun camouflage color in horses"
229:
343:
A ventral stripe runs along the midline of the underbelly of the horse. They are usually wide and are uncommon.
659:
1454:
779:
Wild asses and donkeys in Africa: interdisciplinary evidence for their biogeography, history and current use
1373:
285:
Eye spots are found around the eyes. They are quite rare, but may be across the eye, over it, or under it.
1206:
1162:
93:
34:
1259:
1066:
848:
1136:
1002:
614:
571:
Imsland F, McGowan K, Rubin CJ, Henegar C, Sundström E, Berglund J, et al. (February 2016).
548:
972:
964:
602:
45:
92:
species. Some cave paintings depict horses as being dun and with the primitive markings. The
1358:
1056:
916:
860:
760:
592:
584:
540:
486:
412:
184:
161:
153:
61:
1013:
218:
Leg markings may also take the form of blotches, patches, marbling, mottling, or spotting.
1273:
985:
351:
269:
Face masks are areas of darker hair on the lower half of the face. These are very common.
132:
30:
1201:
1172:
1152:
1111:
990:
597:
572:
436:
396:
298:
The long-roached manes of Fjords clearly show the light, outside primitive guard hairs.
208:
141:
730:
363:
1478:
1378:
1348:
1333:
1145:
1034:
764:
490:
420:
309:
275:
89:
552:
237:
The shoulder stripe is a transverse or "vertical" marking that usually crosses the
1409:
1308:
1291:
1281:
1211:
1157:
1026:
507:
424:
157:
1404:
1368:
1184:
1073:
997:
980:
416:
304:
294:
180:
849:"New Primitive Marking (Bider) in Mongolian Native Horse and Equus przewalskii"
823:
37:
is thought to be similar in appearance to ancestors of today's domestic horses.
17:
1353:
1238:
1131:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1043:
176:
149:
101:
96:
is dun-colored with primitive markings. So, too, are horse breeds such as the
1414:
1383:
1287:
85:
606:
215:
horses, while they appear very seldom or not at all in onagers and kiangs.
798:
615:"A horse of a different color: Genetics of camouflage and the dun pattern"
84:
The dun coat and attendant primitive or "dun factor" markings reflect the
1449:
1313:
1254:
1116:
1061:
751:
Stachurska, A. M. (1999). "Inheritance of
Primitive Markings in Horses".
188:
121:
57:
148:, most have a black dorsal stripe, though it can be difficult to see on
1419:
1343:
1338:
1249:
1218:
865:
544:
337:
238:
191:-duns ("dunalinos") have black, brown, or red dorsal stripes, as well.
117:
78:
690:
477:
Stachurska, AM (1999). "Inheritance of primitive markings in horses".
1223:
1121:
933:
258:
shows the dark face mask and frosted mane common to primitive horses.
165:
145:
109:
105:
53:
588:
73:
395:
locus. This is not to be confused with the camouflage mechanism of
303:
called "frosting". Such characteristics are very visible among the
250:
1429:
1196:
362:
325:
Dorsal stripe and pale guard hairs on the dock of a domestic horse
320:
293:
255:
249:
228:
198:
169:
131:
97:
72:
49:
29:
886:
48:
markings and qualities seen in several equine species, including
1444:
1439:
408:
350:
Bider markings are only known in
Przewalski's horses and native
937:
367:
This horse's dorsal stripe is most likely caused by non-dun 1.
203:
Leg bars and "zippers": This horse's legs have been shaved.
160:, the dorsal stripe is narrow and edged by white, while in
531:
Lusis, JA (1943). "Striping patterns in domestic horses".
262:
Many primitive markings may occur on the animal's head.
60:
coat color family. All dun horses possess at least the
1392:
1326:
1301:
1272:
1232:
1183:
1170:
1144:
1042:
1033:
1021:
971:
144:show a distinct dorsal stripe. Among domesticated
472:
282:Ear tips are tiny white or paler tips on the ear.
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
233:Transverse shoulder stripes are common on asses.
164:, it is quite bold. The dorsal stripes of the
949:
566:
564:
562:
8:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
642:
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636:
634:
632:
630:
140:Of equids other than horses, all except the
789:
787:
526:
524:
1189:
1180:
1048:
1039:
956:
942:
934:
104:, "bred back" to resemble the now-extinct
864:
596:
502:
500:
887:"More about Dun and Primitive Markings"
753:Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics
681:
679:
479:Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics
448:
384:allele is over 40,000 years old, while
915:. Dun Central Station. Archived from
822:. Dun Central Station. Archived from
729:. Dun Central Station. Archived from
172:are dark brown and especially vivid.
7:
359:Primitive markings in non-dun horses
621:(Press release). December 21, 2015.
25:
77:A cave painting of a wild horse,
1012:
765:10.1111/j.1439-0388.1999.00172.x
491:10.1111/j.1439-0388.1999.00172.x
136:Kiangs have bold dorsal stripes.
689:. Equine Color. Archived from
27:Hair coloration in some equine
1:
88:coat and are observed in all
411:, particularly if they are
403:Primitive markings in foals
1501:
1466:Category:Horse coat colors
1435:Endothelin receptor type B
1400:Equine coat color genetics
797:. Dungenes. Archived from
649:"Primitive Marking Theory"
179:seem unaffected by cream:
1463:
1192:
1082:
1051:
1010:
853:Journal of Equine Science
183:-duns ("smoky grullas"),
187:-duns ("dunskins"), and
1455:Melanocortin 1 receptor
112:or mouse dun in color.
909:"Look-A-Like Collages"
647:Castle, Nancy (2008).
368:
326:
299:
259:
234:
204:
137:
81:
38:
1393:Genetics and breeding
1234:Base color variations
1163:Lethal white syndrome
777:Roger Blench (2013).
366:
324:
297:
253:
232:
202:
195:Leg bars and markings
135:
76:
33:
889:. Etalon Diagnostics
152:individuals. In the
108:, many of which are
919:on October 12, 2008
733:on October 14, 2008
656:Dun Central Station
508:"Dun Zygosity Test"
372:of non-dun, called
1364:Primitive markings
965:Equine coat colors
866:10.1294/jes.18.145
545:10.1007/BF01763802
369:
327:
300:
260:
235:
205:
138:
94:Przewalski's horse
82:
54:donkeys, and asses
42:Primitive markings
39:
35:Przewalski's horse
1485:Horse coat colors
1472:
1471:
1322:
1321:
1268:
1267:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1084:double dilution:
1053:single dilution:
826:on April 11, 2008
16:(Redirected from
1492:
1359:Point coloration
1302:Roaning patterns
1242:
1190:
1181:
1128:
1070:
1049:
1040:
1016:
1005:
994:
973:Base coat colors
958:
951:
944:
935:
928:
927:
925:
924:
913:Dun Look-A-Likes
904:
898:
897:
895:
894:
883:
877:
876:
874:
873:
868:
844:
838:
837:
832:
831:
816:
810:
809:
807:
806:
791:
782:
775:
769:
768:
748:
742:
741:
739:
738:
727:"Adult Markings"
723:
702:
701:
699:
698:
683:
674:
673:
671:
670:
664:
658:. Archived from
653:
644:
625:
622:
610:
600:
568:
557:
556:
528:
519:
518:
516:
515:
504:
495:
494:
474:
352:Mongolian horses
154:African wild ass
21:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1459:
1388:
1318:
1297:
1284:
1274:Leopard complex
1264:
1243:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1177:
1175:
1166:
1140:
1119:
1100:
1078:
1065:(also known as
1064:
1029:
1017:
1008:
1000:
989:(also known as
988:
967:
962:
932:
931:
922:
920:
906:
905:
901:
892:
890:
885:
884:
880:
871:
869:
846:
845:
841:
829:
827:
818:
817:
813:
804:
802:
793:
792:
785:
776:
772:
750:
749:
745:
736:
734:
725:
724:
705:
696:
694:
685:
684:
677:
668:
666:
665:on May 16, 2008
662:
651:
646:
645:
628:
613:
589:10.1038/ng.3475
577:Nature Genetics
570:
569:
560:
530:
529:
522:
513:
511:
506:
505:
498:
476:
475:
450:
445:
433:
405:
361:
319:
292:
248:
227:
225:Shoulder stripe
197:
130:
71:
44:are a group of
28:
23:
22:
18:Shoulder-stripe
15:
12:
11:
5:
1498:
1496:
1488:
1487:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
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1427:
1422:
1417:
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1407:
1402:
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1389:
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1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1324:
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1320:
1319:
1317:
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1311:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1298:
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1295:
1278:
1276:
1270:
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1265:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1202:Splashed white
1193:
1187:
1185:Pinto patterns
1178:
1173:Horse markings
1171:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1153:Dominant white
1150:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1114:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1059:
1052:
1046:
1037:
1035:Dilution genes
1031:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1006:
995:
983:
977:
975:
969:
968:
963:
961:
960:
953:
946:
938:
930:
929:
907:Nancy Castle.
899:
878:
859:(4): 145–151.
839:
811:
783:
770:
743:
703:
675:
626:
624:
623:
558:
520:
496:
447:
446:
444:
441:
440:
439:
437:Horse markings
432:
429:
404:
401:
397:countershading
360:
357:
356:
355:
348:
344:
341:
334:
318:
317:Other markings
315:
291:
288:
287:
286:
283:
280:
270:
267:
247:
244:
226:
223:
196:
193:
142:mountain zebra
129:
126:
70:
67:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1497:
1486:
1483:
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1480:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
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1436:
1433:
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1428:
1426:
1423:
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1413:
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1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1334:Bend-Or spots
1332:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1293:
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1261:
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1199:
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1194:
1191:
1188:
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1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1137:Silver dapple
1135:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1004:
999:
996:
992:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
976:
974:
970:
966:
959:
954:
952:
947:
945:
940:
939:
936:
918:
914:
910:
903:
900:
888:
882:
879:
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
843:
840:
836:
825:
821:
815:
812:
801:on 2011-07-26
800:
796:
795:"Definitions"
790:
788:
784:
780:
774:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
747:
744:
732:
728:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
704:
693:on 2008-05-25
692:
688:
682:
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661:
657:
650:
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
631:
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521:
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473:
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467:
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463:
461:
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457:
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453:
449:
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365:
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353:
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323:
316:
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311:
306:
296:
289:
284:
281:
278:
277:
271:
268:
265:
264:
263:
257:
252:
246:Head markings
245:
243:
240:
231:
224:
222:
219:
216:
212:
210:
201:
194:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
173:
171:
167:
163:
162:Grevy's zebra
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
134:
128:Dorsal stripe
127:
125:
123:
119:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
80:
75:
68:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
36:
32:
19:
1450:STX17 (Gray)
1410:Horse genome
1363:
1292:Knabstrupper
1285:
1282:Varnish roan
1176:and patterns
1158:Sabino-white
1123:
1122:Blue dun or
921:. Retrieved
917:the original
912:
902:
891:. Retrieved
881:
870:. Retrieved
856:
852:
842:
834:
828:. Retrieved
824:the original
814:
803:. Retrieved
799:the original
773:
756:
752:
746:
735:. Retrieved
731:the original
695:. Retrieved
691:the original
667:. Retrieved
660:the original
655:
619:ScienceDaily
618:
583:(2): 152–8.
580:
576:
539:(1): 31–62.
536:
532:
512:. Retrieved
482:
478:
406:
392:
390:
385:
381:
377:
373:
370:
328:
308:
305:Fjord horses
301:
274:
261:
236:
220:
217:
213:
206:
174:
158:plains zebra
139:
114:
83:
41:
40:
1405:Color breed
1260:Tricoloured
1237:(primarily
1097:Smoky cream
1074:Smoky black
417:smoky black
290:Guard hairs
181:smoky black
124:mechanism.
1239:UK English
1120:(see also
1067:Isabelline
1003:Seal brown
923:2008-06-26
893:2019-04-28
872:2008-12-19
830:2008-06-26
805:2010-12-02
737:2008-06-20
697:2008-06-20
669:2008-06-20
514:2008-06-20
510:. UC Davis
443:References
177:cream gene
150:melanistic
102:Heck horse
1384:Tiger eye
1288:Appaloosa
1286:See also
1112:Champagne
1001:included
759:: 29–38.
485:: 29–38.
86:wild type
46:hair coat
1479:Category
1430:KIT gene
1415:Wildtype
1379:Mushroom
1314:Rabicano
1255:Skewbald
1087:Cremello
1062:Palomino
1057:Buckskin
986:Chestnut
820:"Grulla"
607:26691985
553:19047145
533:Genetica
431:See also
413:buckskin
386:non-dun2
382:non-dun1
378:non-dun2
374:non-dun1
189:palomino
185:buckskin
100:and the
1420:Melanin
1354:Pangaré
1344:Cropout
1339:Brindle
1250:Piebald
1219:Tobiano
1092:Perlino
598:4731265
338:brindle
239:withers
146:donkeys
122:genetic
118:atavism
79:Lascaux
1425:Agouti
1374:Flaxen
1224:Tovero
1212:Sabino
1124:Grullo
991:Sorrel
605:
595:
551:
347:hairs.
166:onager
110:grullo
106:tarpan
90:equine
69:Origin
62:dorsal
50:horses
1369:Sooty
1349:Liver
1327:Other
1207:Frame
1197:Overo
1146:White
1132:Pearl
1044:Cream
981:Black
687:"Dun"
663:(PDF)
652:(PDF)
549:S2CID
421:black
419:, or
409:foals
407:Many
310:Equus
276:Equus
256:Konik
254:This
209:hocks
170:kiang
98:Konik
1445:PAX3
1440:MITF
1309:Roan
1290:and
1027:Gray
1022:Gray
603:PMID
425:gray
376:and
168:and
1117:Dun
998:Bay
861:doi
761:doi
757:116
593:PMC
585:doi
541:doi
487:doi
483:116
393:dun
58:dun
1481::
911:.
857:18
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833:.
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706:^
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591:.
581:48
579:.
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561:^
547:.
537:23
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523:^
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52:,
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957:e
950:t
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587::
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543::
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489::
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279:.
20:)
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