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159:
843:; the ferocity, with which the legend was debunked after the Stalin's death with the entire monographs written in order to disprove the myth up until the 2010s, also was considered by some as a further proof of veracity of the Przhevalsky's alleged one-night-stand theory. A humorously developed version of this legend appears in
815:
scientists, and Soviet encyclopedias portrayed
Przhevalsky in sharp similarity to Stalin, which was rumored that in such a discrete manner Stalin was paying a homage to his alleged biological father. M. Khachaturova, a Tbilisi resident, who happened to know an unnamed old lady, the original bearer of
838:
from
Przhevalsky to Stalin's mother; however, Przhevalsky's visits to Georgia are not recorded, and G. Egnatashvili, a family friend of the Jughashvilis, did not recollect anything which could possibly substantiate those claims. During the Stalin era, any talk concerning his ancestry and childhood
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Here you can penetrate anywhere, only not with the
Gospels under your arm, but with money in your pocket, a carbine in one hand and a whip in the other. Europeans must use these to come and bear away in the name of civilisation all these dregs of the human race. A thousand of our soldiers would be
785:
Another woman in
Przhevalsky's life was a mysterious young lady whose portrait, along with a fragment of poetry, was found in Przhevalsky's album. In the poem, she asks him to stay with her and not to go to Tibet, to which he responded in his diary: "I will never betray the ideal, to which is
400:, and in 1872 crossed into Tibet. He surveyed over 7,000 sq mi (18,000 km), collected and brought back with him 5000 plants, 1000 birds and 3000 insect species, as well as 70 reptiles and the skins of 130 different mammals. Przehevalsky was awarded the
1512:
See, e.g. Nikolay
Przhevalsky, "Mongolia, The Tangut Country and the Solitudes of Northern Tibet", two volumes, translated by E. Delmar Morgan with introduction and notes by Colonel Henry Yule (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1876, vol. 2, p.
753:
Yaqub Beg in a letter as follows, "Yakub Beg is the same shit as all feckless
Asiatics. The Kashgarian empire isn't worth a kopek." Przhevalsky also claimed Yaqub was "Nothing more than a political impostor," and also disdained the Muslim subjects of Yaqub Beg in
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Przhevalsky proposed Russia provoke rebellions of the
Buddhist and Muslim peoples in these areas of China against the Chinese regime, start a war with China, and, with a small number of Russian troops, wrest control of Turkestan from China.
802:
was an illegitimate son of
Nikolay Przhevalsky. The legend is based on the facial similarity of both men, Stalin's official birthdate controversy (claims that he was born on 6 December 1878 instead of 21 December 1879), and that the late
761:
Przhevalsky not only disdained
Chinese ethnic groups, he also viewed the eight million non-Chinese peoples of Tibet, Turkestan, and Mongolia as uncivilized, evolutionarily backwards people who needed to be freed from Chinese rule.
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2023:
715:, was tenuous and uncertain, and Przhevalsky openly called for Russia's annexation of bits and pieces of China's territory. Przhevalsky said one should explore Asia "with a carbine in one hand, a whip in the other."
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the secret, was considered to be a whistleblower of the myth about Stalin's mother's alleged promiscuity. Przhevalsky's diary, if it ever existed, was rumored to disappear from archives during the early days of
572:
276:) which belonged to his grandfather from his mother's side, a Russian nobleman Aleksei Stepanovich Karetnikov, and his wife Ksenia Davydovna Karetnikova who came from local merchants, both natives of the
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and through the Qaidam Basin to
Qinghai Lake. The expedition then crossed the Tian Shan into Tibet, proceeding to within 260 km (160 mi) of Lhasa before being turned back by Tibetan officials.
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462:, but the expedition was beset by disease and poor quality camels. In September 1877, the caravan was refurbished with better camels and horses, 72,000 rounds of ammunition and large quantities of
2028:
1953:
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302:. According to the latest research by Liudmila K. Przhevalskaia, their earliest known ancestor Onisim (Anisim) Pereval (Perevalka, Perevalskii) belonged to the horse-owning middle class of
1968:
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dedicated all of my life. As soon as I write everything necessary, I will return to the desert...where I will be much happier than in the gilded salons that can be acquired by marriage".
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1883–1885 from Kyakhta across the Gobi to Alashan and the eastern Tian Shan mountains, turning back at the Yangze. The expedition then returned to Qinghai Lake and moved westwards to
1522:
David Schimmelpenninck Van Der Oye, "Toward the Rising Sun: Russian Ideologies of Empire and the Path to War with Japan" (DeKalb, Il: Northern Illinois University Press, 2001), p. 34
778:. According to one legend, during their last meeting Nuromskaya cut off her braid and gave it to him, saying that the braid would travel with him until their marriage. She died of a
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1370:
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on the Russian–Chinese frontier. This was his first important expedition. It lasted two years, after which Przhevalsky published a diary of his expedition under the title,
2003:
520:
was shown to be a separate species from the domestic Bactrian camel. Przhevalsky's writings include five major books written in Russian and two English translations:
2018:
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1973:
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from 1881 to 1887 (except the period of his travels) and he apparently loved it. The village was renamed after him in 1964 and is now called
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618:. There is a memorial complex there that includes the old and new houses of Nikolay Przhevalsky, his bust, pond, garden, birch alleys, and
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succeeded Przhevalsky at the head of his expedition into the remote parts of Central Asia. Przhevalsky's work also inspired the career of
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saw a resurrection of interest to the personality of Przhevalsky. Numerous books and monographs were published in the Soviet Union and
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The results of these expanded journeys opened a new era for the study of Central Asian geography as well as studies of the
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458:. The expedition consisted of ten men, twenty-four camels, four horses, three tonnes of baggage and a budget of 25,000
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1993:
569:. There are monuments to him, and a museum about his life and work there and another monument in St. Petersburg.
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of this immense region that were relatively unknown to his Western contemporaries. Among other things, he described
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565:, which was acknowledged as being infected with the disease. The Tsar immediately changed the name of the town to
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enough to subdue all Asia from Lake Baykal to the Himalayas....Here the exploits of Cortez can still be repeated.
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1537:"Book Review — Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia"
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There is another place named after Przhevalsky: he had lived in a small village called Sloboda,
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Przhevalsky is known to have had a personal relationship with Tasya Nuromskaya, whom he met in
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was raging in China. The journey provided the General Staff with important intelligence on a
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The Dream of Lhasa: The Life of Nikolay Przhevalsky (1839–1888), Explorer of Central Asia
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as cowardly, dirty and lazy in his metaphor, "the blend of a mean Moscow pilferer and a
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The dream of Lhasa: the life of Nikolay Przhevalsky (1839–88) explorer of Central Asia
232:
Przhevalsky described several species previously unknown to European science, such as
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1915:"Sketch of Nicholas Prejevalski" in Popular Science Monthly, Volume 30, January, 1887
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According to David Schimmelpenninck Van Der Oye's assessment, Przhevalsky's books on
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yet he still travelled through regions then unknown to Westerners, such as northern
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622:(a lodge, watch-house). This is the only museum of the famous traveler in Russia.
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Sketch of Nikolay Przhevalsky in Popular Science Monthly, Volume 30, January, 1887
229:). He contributed substantially to European knowledge of Central Asian geography.
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August Strindberg, "En svensk karta över Lop-nor och Tarimbäckenet" (in Swedish)
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Przhevalsky's prejudice extended to non-Chinese Asians as well, describing the
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Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia
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Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia
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Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia
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1928:"Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky and the Politics of Russian Imperialism"
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30:"Przhevalsky" redirects here. For the inhabited localities in Russia, see
17:
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699:"— particularly Chinese civilization. Przhevalsky explicitly portrayed
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1582:. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. p. 80.
313:. In 1864, he became a geography teacher at the military school in
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Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 3rd class
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Przhevalsky, as well as other contemporary explorers including
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His name is eponymic with more than 80 plant species as well.
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454:, which had reportedly not been visited by any European since
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The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin
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Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
1718:
Comparative Criticism: Volume 16, Revolutions and Censorship
1495:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.
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Comparative Criticism: Volume 16, Revolutions and Censorship
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origin. There were unsubstantiated claims that certain 1881
824:, was troublesome for the noble blood people, who claimed a
1840:
Thoughts after the exhibition or who are you, Joseph Stalin
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940:
197:. Although he never reached his ultimate goal, the city of
280:. Nikolay's mother, Elena Alekseevna Karetnikova, married
1892:
Meyer, Karl E.; Brysac, Shareen Blair (25 October 1999).
1273:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp.
949:
438:
called the journey "one of the most daring of our time".
1491:
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
553:
not long before the beginning of his fifth journey, at
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The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia
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The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia
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1930:, in "IDP News", Issue No. 27 (accessed 2007-01-31)
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2029:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class
1954:People from Pochinkovsky District, Smolensk Oblast
1468:Maxim. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
1266:
474:and set out for Lhasa, but did not reach its goal.
1650:The New Great Game: Blood and Oil in Central Asia
1969:People from the Russian Empire of Polish descent
1681:Karl Ernest Meyer; Shareen Blair Brysac (2006).
376:In the following years he made four journeys to
329:. His intention was to explore the basin of the
1786:Vokrug sveta: The house of the great pathfinder
1619:. University of California Press. p. 155.
1230:"Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalskii (1839–1888)"
1035:[nʲɪkɐˈlajmʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕprʐɨˈvalʲskʲɪj]
811:, which was a rare occurrence in regard to the
736:
309:Przhevalsky studied in the military academy in
177:31 March] 1839 – 1 November [
2039:Chevaliers of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques
1435:. Northwestern University Press. p. 183.
348:, who discovered the ruins of the Tangut city
1024:
820:as the Communist party career, especially in
344:His most well-known follower and student was
8:
1091:
1089:
900:is dedicated to Przhevalsky's life and work.
580:Less than a year after his premature death,
526:Country, and the Solitudes of Northern Tibet
1800:Yuri Senkevich; Alexander Shumilov (1987).
1141:UK English Dictionary US English Dictionary
1721:. Cambridge University Press. p. 28.
1401:. Cambridge University Press. p. 28.
1179:Silk Road: Monks, Warriors & Merchants
317:. In 1867, he successfully petitioned the
53:
42:
2004:Mountain climbers from the Russian Empire
557:on the shore of Issyk Kul in present-day
181:20 October] 1888) was a Russian
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1779:
1530:
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782:while Przhevalsky was on an expedition.
687:Accusations of imperialism and prejudice
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571:
157:
1579:Wild West China: the taming of Xinjiang
1085:
910:
865:"On new Species of Central-Asian Birds"
595:Monument to Nikolay Przhevalsky in the
248:. He was also a mentor of the explorer
2019:Russian people of the January Uprising
1376:from the original on 27 September 2011
1817:Great pseudonym of Joseph Przhevalsky
1050:
1033:
339:Travels in the Ussuri Region, 1867–69
7:
450:, he visited what he believed to be
162:Nikolay Przhevalsky in 1860 (age 21)
1979:Geographers from the Russian Empire
639:from Asia, belonging to the family
284:Mikhail Kuzmitch Przhevalsky whose
27:Polish-Russian explorer (1839–1888)
1984:Biologists from the Russian Empire
1026:Никола́й Миха́йлович Пржева́льский
25:
1974:Explorers from the Russian Empire
1493:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
1364:"List of Past Gold Medal Winners"
863:General N. M. Prjevalsky (1887).
561:. He contracted typhoid from the
536:, Across the Tian Shan to Lob-Nor
2049:Russian people of the Great Game
1755:. Psychology Press. p. 35.
1096:Nikolay Mikhaylovich Przhevalsky
989:
924:
167:Nikolay Mikhaylovich Przhevalsky
66:Nikolay Mikhaylovich Przhevalsky
34:. For the 1951 Soviet film, see
32:Przhevalsky (inhabited locality)
707:", in all respects inferior to
649:Przhevalsky is honoured in the
625:Przhevalsky is commemorated by
2014:Imperial Russian Army officers
1369:. Royal Geographical Society.
1181:, 2005, Odyssey Books, p. 415
1164:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
288:ancestors inherited the noble
1:
1752:Colonialism and homosexuality
1234:The Quest for Forbidden Lands
1052:[ɲiˈkɔwajpʂɛˈvalskʲi]
809:satellite Communist countries
695:feature his disdain for the "
442:1876–1877 travelling through
406:Imperial Geographical Society
1687:. Basic Books. p. 233.
1653:. Grove Press. p. 100.
1228:Andreyev, Alexandre (2018).
653:of five species of lizards:
319:Russian Geographical Society
260:Przhevalsky was born in the
1959:People from Smolensky Uyezd
1846:September 27, 2007, at the
1350:September 28, 2007, at the
744:Nikolay Przhevalsky on Asia
516:. In the 21st century, the
424:uprising in the kingdom of
416:During his expedition, the
333:, a major tributary of the
139:exploration of Central Asia
2065:
1861:. Stalin, 1998, pp. 26-27.
1749:Robert F. Aldrich (2003).
1715:Elinor S. Shaffer (1994).
1472:Plants of the World Online
1395:Elinor S. Shaffer (1994).
1331:Meyer & Blair Brysac,
668:Phrynocephalus przewalskii
540:Royal Geographical Society
29:
1999:Explorers of Central Asia
1535:David Nalle (June 2000).
1503:. ("Przewalski", p. 212).
1298:Rayfield, Donald (1976).
1242:10.1163/9789004376267_003
1025:
834:contained brief notes on
680:Teratoscincus przewalskii
52:
1576:Christian Tyler (2004).
1429:Donald Rayfield (2000).
1072:by almost two centuries.
818:Stalin's ascent to power
396:then explored the upper
1802:They called the horizon
1304:. P. Elek. p. 42.
1145:Oxford University Press
1120:Oxford University Press
1098:Encyclopædia Britannica
418:Dungan Revolt (1862–77)
244:, all of which are now
211:Tibet Autonomous Region
1823:June 20, 2008, at the
1647:Lutz Kleveman (2004).
1335:(1999) at p. 229.
1265:Wood, Francis (2002).
1043:
898:1951 Soviet drama film
747:
656:Alsophylax przewalskii
603:
577:
546:in 1879 for his work.
264:family estate (in the
163:
2009:Zoological collectors
1549:(3). Washington, US:
1432:Anton Chekhov: a life
1207:. Faber & Faber.
1116:UK English Dictionary
674:Scincella przewalskii
594:
575:
410:Order of St. Vladimir
173:; 12 April [
161:
1926:Kyrill Kunakhovich,
1551:Blackwell Publishers
1159:"Przewalski's horse"
1134:"Przewalski's horse"
1109:"Przewalski's horse"
724:Francis Younghusband
549:Przhevalsky died of
510:Przewalski's gazelle
321:to be dispatched to
270:Smolensk Governorate
238:Przewalski's gazelle
131:explorer, geographer
1872:Nikolay Przhevalsky
1804:(in Russian). Mysl.
822:its highest echelon
662:Eremias przewalskii
518:Wild Bactrian camel
372:Further expeditions
242:wild Bactrian camel
47:Nikolay Przhevalsky
2044:Deaths from typhus
1994:Explorers of Tibet
1815:Alexander Portnov
1542:Middle East Policy
1167:. Merriam-Webster.
1070:Johan Gustaf Renat
1044:Nikołaj Przewalski
851:Vladimir Voinovich
604:
578:
542:awarded him their
506:Przewalski's horse
234:Przewalski's horse
164:
36:Przhevalsky (film)
1989:Explorers of Asia
1907:978-1-58243-106-2
1501:978-1-4214-0135-5
1284:978-0-520-24340-8
1251:978-90-04-37626-7
1066:August Strindberg
629:in the naming of
435:Golos Prikazchika
402:Constantine Medal
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16:(Redirected from
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883:Internet Archive
879:E. Delmar Morgan
877:. Translated by
849:(Book Three) by
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651:scientific names
637:flowering plants
601:Saint Petersburg
597:Alexander Garden
366:Juyan Lake Basin
278:Tula Governorate
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104:, Russian Empire
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94:November 1, 1888
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446:through the
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1949:1888 deaths
1944:1839 births
1898:Basic Books
1466:Przewalskia
813:Tsarist-era
728:Aurel Stein
632:Przewalskia
530:(1875) and
428:in western
390:Gobi Desert
360:in western
358:Alxa League
354:Ejin Banner
350:Khara-Khoto
294:state from
118:Nationality
1938:Categories
1236:: 62–149.
1080:References
827:hoi polloi
805:Stalin era
732:Great Game
720:Sven Hedin
641:Solanaceae
567:Przhevalsk
559:Kyrgyzstan
456:Marco Polo
246:endangered
240:, and the
183:geographer
171:Prjevalsky
148:Vega Medal
109:Kyrgyzstan
72:1839-04-12
18:Przewalski
1559:1061-1924
1380:24 August
780:sunstroke
563:Chu River
490:Issyk Kul
448:Tian Shan
426:Yaqub Beg
364:near the
300:Orthodoxy
282:poruchick
262:Kimborovo
256:Biography
223:Dzungaria
195:East Asia
80:Kimborovo
1844:Archived
1821:Archived
1768:27 April
1734:27 April
1700:27 April
1666:27 April
1632:27 April
1613:(2004).
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1448:27 April
1414:27 April
1371:Archived
1348:Archived
1317:27 April
1201:(2013).
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870:The Ibis
776:Smolensk
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697:Oriental
291:szlachta
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209:(modern
187:explorer
1275:165–169
1064:Author
1021:Russian
756:Kashgar
555:Karakol
404:by the
398:Yangtze
394:Beijing
386:Kyakhta
352:in the
327:Siberia
323:Irkutsk
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286:Cossack
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627:Maxim.
620:khatka
612:Russia
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524:Tangut
464:brandy
460:rubles
422:Muslim
315:Warsaw
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151:(1884)
144:Awards
1374:(PDF)
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905:Notes
857:Works
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798:that
751:Tajik
534:Kulja
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498:fauna
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