359:
pilots. Besides the diving issue, poor firing synchronization between the guns (as installed in these aircraft) caused them to also veer laterally off-course when the Sh-37 guns were fired. Consequently, bursts of only two or three rounds were practical. To compound the problems, the Sh-37 guns were also rather unreliable, with frequent jamming occurring. Even though the Sh-37s were installed in pairs, this actually decreased the overall reliability of the aircraft as a weapon. The jamming of a one gun meant that the Il-2 could no longer fire safely, due to the strong, asymmetric recoil from the still-functioning gun having a very strong destabilizing effect on the aircraft. After these experiences, the Il-2 with Sh-37 guns was not ordered in mass production.
350:
Il-2 had the unpleasant effect that when the guns were fired in a dive, their recoil caused the aircraft to pitch down even further, thus reducing salvo accuracy. The flight characteristics of the Il-2 armed with the Sh-37 guns were substantially worse than for the regular versions fitted with 20 or 23 mm guns. It was slower and more difficult to handle. Its top airspeed was only 372 km/h (231 mph) at sea level and 409 km/h (254 mph) at 2,500 m (8,200 ft). Its rate of climb also deteriorated and the length of its take-off run had increased.
332:-37, equipped with the same gun, passed military trials with the same 42nd IAP, led by Boris Shinkarenko. The Sh-37 was powerful enough to down an enemy fighter with a single hit. Its shell could punch a hole with an area of over 1 square metre (11 sq ft). The MPSh-37 was supplied with 20 rounds of ammunition in this aircraft. The Yak-7-37 was additionally armed with two
358:
that winter. The Sh-37 gun proved somewhat effective against the German tanks of the day. It could pierce the armor of light tanks without problem and at favorable angles it was effective against German medium tanks as well. However, effective use of the gun required a high degree of skill from the
344:
By mid-1941 an Il-2 exemplar was experimentally fitted with a pair of Sh-37 cannons in underwing pods. By
September 15, this aircraft had passed ground and air firing test at the factory, and was presented for state trials, which were conducted between September 23 and October 12, 1941. Each Sh-37
349:
mount of a rather bulky design. As fitted to the wing of the Il-2, the weight of the Sh-37 with the assembly and magazine was 302.5 kg. The rate of fire measured in this latter installation was 169 rpm; muzzle velocity was 894 m/s. The underwing position of the 37mm gun pods in the
353:
Nevertheless, between
December 1942 and January 1943, a limited production run of nine Il-2s armed with Sh-37 guns was delivered to the 688th Attack Air Regiment (ShAP) of the 228th Attack Air Division (16th Air Army) for military trials. These aircraft took part in the combat around
340:
of the Yak-7-37 was 4.15 kg/s (9.15 lb/s). The length of the Sh-37 gun necessitated moving the cockpit some 40 cm rearwards, and the weight of the Yak-7-37 increased by some 200 kg compared to its proximate predecessor, the Yak-7B.
320:
At the end of June 1941, it was decided that within 45 days 40 more Sh-37 were to be produced for military trials. These were manufactured as planned by factory 74. In 1942, the same factory produced a further 196 Sh-37 guns.
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254:. It was installed on a military-trial basis on two short series of aircraft. Installed to fire through the hollow, gear-driven propeller shaft and fastened to the engine block of the
1328:
651:
317:
fighter. As installed in the LaGG-3, the gun together with its magazine weighed 208.4 kg. In this test it achieved a rate of fire of 184 rounds per minute.
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299:
1323:
1318:
1120:
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gun on this Il-2 was provisioned with 40 rounds of ammunition. The large ammunition magazine did not fit in the wings, and mandated a conformal
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ground attack aircraft with a 37 mm autocannon capable of firing the same shell. Shpitalniy designed a gun that was
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246:-15. The gun saw limited production and was installed in few aircraft before being replaced by the competing
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559:. Война в воздухе (in Russian). Vol. 33. section "Як-7-37 М-105ПА" (pages ~34-35 & 52): ООО "АРС".
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and magazine fed, which however used a less powerful cartridge than the 61-K gun.
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The first LaGG-3 aircraft equipped with the Sh-37 gun were delivered to the 42nd
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Yefim Gordon; Dmitriĭ Komissarov; E. Gordon; Sergey
Komissarov (2004).
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262:, where "MP" stands for "motornaya pushka", similar to the German
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12.7 mm machine guns, with 450 rounds total ammunition. The
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in the beginning of 1942. In August 1942, a small series of 22
286:), literally "Shpitalny fuselage-wing(-mounted) caliber 37mm".
243:
482:
OKB Ilyushin: A History Of The Design Bureau And Its
Aircraft
402:
OKB Yakovlev: A History Of The Design Bureau And Its
Aircraft
400:
Yefim Gordon; Dmitriĭ Komissarov; Sergey
Komoissarov (2005).
266:
term for the same mount type. As installed in the underwing
313:
By early 1941, a prototype Sh-37 was flight tested on a
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2001/5-6 (double issue article/monograph), pages 60-63
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238:
37 mm (1.5 in) aircraft cannon, designed by
284:ШФК-37 - Шпитальный фюзеляжно-крыльевая калибра 37 мм
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556:Як-1/3/7/9 во Второй Мировой войне. части 2
404:. Midland Publishing, Limited. p. 95.
1055:
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659:
645:
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509:В. Перов, О. Растренин, "Ил-2 Штурмовик",
484:. Midland Publishing Limited. p. 35.
18:
1329:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1941
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7:
14:
1324:Aircraft guns of the Soviet Union
529:. Osprey Publishing. p. 12.
445:Istorya aviatsionnogo vooruzhenia
300:61-K 37 mm anti-aircraft gun
138:3,096 millimetres (121.9 in)
443:Харвест (Shirokorad A.B. (2001)
1319:Autocannons of the Soviet Union
441:История авиационного вооружения
149:2,060 millimetres (81 in)
111:
1:
526:Yakovlev Aces of World War 2
457:History of aircraft armament
234:) was the first indigenous
130:375 kilograms (827 lb)
1345:
588:Medved, Alexander (2006).
523:George Mellinger (2012).
298:accepted for service the
283:
231:
216:21 rounds magazine (MPSh)
153:
39:Place of origin
616:
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569:: CS1 maint: location (
554:
511:Авиация и Космонавтика
439:Широкорад А.Б. (2001)
248:Nudelman-Suranov NS-37
190:Rate of fire
258:-37 it was known as
202:Muzzle velocity
617:Ильюшин Ил-2 ШФК-37
294:In 1940, after the
196:185 rpm (MPSh)
624:(in Russian). 2004
72:Production history
1301:
1300:
1297:
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1290:RShR-57/OKB-15-57
939:
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674:aircraft ordnance
536:978-1-78200-553-7
491:978-1-85780-187-3
411:978-1-85780-203-0
232:Шпитальный - Ш-37
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459:), pages 122-123
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274:it was known as
240:Boris Shpitalniy
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214:40 rounds (ShFK)
211:Feed system
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81:Boris Shpitalniy
24:
23:Shpitalny Sh-37
19:
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1314:37 mm artillery
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1116:Afanasev A-12.7
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582:Further reading
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224:Shpitalny Sh-37
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47:Service history
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553:С.В. Иванов.
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122:Specifications
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98:Factory no. 74
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1031:PBK-500U Drel
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916:9M14 Malyutka
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304:Ilyushin Il-2
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37:
34:
31:
27:
20:
1243:
1146:Berezin B-20
1051:machine guns
1001:OFAB-100-120
988:Aerial bombs
921:9K114 Shturm
626:. Retrieved
621:
604:. Retrieved
599:
595:
555:
525:
518:
510:
481:
456:
444:
440:
401:
352:
343:
323:
319:
312:
308:gas operated
293:
275:
263:
259:
250:designed at
223:
221:
206:900 m/s
183:gas operated
146: length
95:Manufacturer
66:World War II
56:Soviet Union
52:Used by
42:Soviet Union
1084:Savin–Norov
1046:Autocannons
931:9K121 Vikhr
926:9M120 Ataka
911:9M17 Fleyta
670:and former
591:Сила Отдачи
264:Motorkanone
114: built
1308:Categories
1111:Berezin UB
690:Air-to-air
380:References
356:Stalingrad
33:Autocannon
16:Autocannon
1121:YakB-12.7
1089:GShG-7.62
953:RS-82/132
906:3M6 Shmel
898:Anti-tank
821:Anti-ship
622:airwar.ru
596:Двигатель
565:cite book
447:Harvest.
369:M4 cannon
164:37×198 mm
160:Cartridge
106:1941-1942
90:1940-1941
1223:GSh-6-30
1218:GSh-30-2
1213:GSh-30-1
1192:GSh-6-23
1036:FAB-9000
1016:FAB-5000
681:Missiles
628:2 August
606:2 August
363:See also
296:Red Army
268:gun pods
103:Produced
87:Designed
77:Designer
1107:12.7 mm
1098:12.7 mm
1065:SIBEMAS
1059:7.62 mm
1011:FAB-500
1006:FAB-250
945:Rockets
668:Russian
347:gun pod
290:History
280:Russian
276:ShFK-37
270:of the
260:MPSh-37
228:Russian
169:Barrels
1187:GSh-23
1162:VYa-23
825:cruise
672:Soviet
533:
488:
451:
408:
315:LaGG-3
252:OKB-16
236:Soviet
178:Action
144:Barrel
135:Length
1279:57 mm
1270:NS-45
1263:45 mm
1249:NS-37
1244:Sh-37
1237:37 mm
1208:NR-30
1201:30 mm
1177:AM-23
1172:NR-23
1167:NS-23
1155:23 mm
1142:20 mm
1140:ShVAK
1130:20 mm
1105:ShVAK
1079:ShKAS
888:Kh-90
883:Kh-45
878:Kh-35
873:Kh-31
868:Kh-15
863:Kh-55
858:KSR-5
853:KSR-2
848:Kh-22
843:Kh-20
838:K-10S
806:Kh-59
801:Kh-58
796:Kh-45
791:Kh-29
786:Kh-28
781:Kh-25
776:Kh-23
374:BK 37
330:Yak-7
256:Yak-7
1254:N-37
1228:2A42
1182:R-23
1136:Sh-3
1069:PV-1
1026:PTAB
1021:RRAB
978:S-25
973:S-24
968:S-13
833:KS-1
811:LMUR
758:R-37
753:R-77
748:R-73
743:R-27
738:R-33
733:R-60
728:R-23
723:R-40
713:R-38
630:2013
608:2013
571:link
531:ISBN
486:ISBN
449:ISBN
406:ISBN
272:Il-2
222:The
127:Mass
117:~240
62:Wars
29:Type
996:FAB
963:S-8
958:S-5
718:R-4
708:R-8
703:R-3
698:K-5
602:(4)
455:) (
334:UBS
326:IAP
244:OKB
242:at
112:No.
1310::
1074:DA
823:,
620:.
600:46
594:.
567:}}
563:{{
545:^
500:^
464:^
420:^
388:^
282::
230::
1048:,
660:e
653:t
646:v
632:.
610:.
573:)
539:.
494:.
414:.
278:(
226:(
172:1
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