187:-like weather deity, no known sources support this conclusion. Both of them were described as warlike and destructive. An omen text mentions the pair marching alongside troops on campaign. Andrew R. George describes them as "twin agents of destruction." It is possible that both of them were associated with
127:, their precise meaning is unknown, and it cannot be ruled out that speculative etymologies were already present in ancient scholarship. Daniel Schwemer in a more recent study concludes that no fully plausible etymology has yet been proposed for either name.
336:, which describes his various body parts as analogous to other deities, his upper back is compared Hanish, characterized as a deity "who establishes plenty, who rains down abundance," and his chest to Shullat, whose description is not preserved.
321:: "The one who knows shall show (only) the one who knows, the one who does not know shall not see. The taboo of Shullat and Hanish: Shamash and Adad, the lords of divination." Another taboo is recorded in an oracular text from the
383:
mentions
Shullat and Hanish. The passage is broken, but Sara J. Milstein notes that the tablet appears to contain an account of multiplication of mankind after a flood and presumably Adapa's introduction.
65:. They were usually treated as inseparable, and appear together in various works of literature. Their character was regarded as warlike and destructive, and they were associated with the weather.
135:
In most known sources, Shullat and Hanish appear as a pair. Douglas Frayne goes as far as proposing they should be understood as a single deity with a compound name, similar to
1066:
Oshima, Takayoshi (2012). "Another
Attempt at Two Kassite Royal Inscriptions: The Agum-Kakrime Inscription and the Inscription of Kurigalzu the son of Kadashmanharbe".
298:. An oath formula from Sippar, based in part of Sargonic forerunners, mentions Shullat and Hanish: "I swear by Umu (deified day), by Shamash, by Ishtar, by
146:
are grammatically singular, the view that they were a single deity, rather than a pair, is otherwise not accepted by researchers. The god list the god list
269:
built a temple of
Shullat and Hanish, but neither its name nor location are presently known. Offerings to both of them are also attested in documents from
362:
assumes that both passages refer to this pair and suggests that as Adad's vanguard they might be the personification of the gale. They are mentioned in
1123:
Die
Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens im Zeitalter der Keilschriftkulturen: Materialien und Studien nach den schriftlichen Quellen
325:: "The blind, the gap-toothed or the finger amputee shall not approach the place of divinatory decision - this is the taboo Šullat and Ḫaniš."
1131:
908:
164:
considers them to be two of the deities who entered the
Mesopotamian pantheon in the early period of interaction between speakers of
1110:
1083:
956:
927:
873:
827:
302:
and
Annunitum, by the warriors Shullat and Hanish, this is not lies, it is true." They also often appear together in Old Babylonian
358:) of Adad mentioned in the same passage, but Daniel Schwemer argues that due to lack of other evidence this is uncertain.
1244:
183:. However, as noted by Daniel Schwemer, while it has been proposed in the past that Hanish was in origin an independent
388:
172:, they were not identified with any Sumerian deities, but nonetheless entered the common pantheon as minor deities.
1239:
242:
The cult center of
Shullat and Hanish is presently unknown. The oldest attestations of worship of this pair are
322:
223:
1249:
295:
423:
at one point swore an oath of brotherhood between himself and Kish by a similar group of deities.
161:
202:
1189:
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1054:
1011:
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120:
1095:
Imperial
Allegories: Divine Agency and Monstrous Bodies in Mesopotamia's Body Description Texts
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and
Akkadian. He notes that unlike some of the other deities of the latter group, for example
165:
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104:
62:
1201:
1098:
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243:
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139:
432:, an area of destroyed vegetation is compared to "woodland over which Hanish had passed."
420:
247:
254:. It has been proposed that they were worshiped in the role of personal or family gods.
1233:
1058:
1015:
837:
368:
as well, where they similarly partake in destruction leading to the flood, alongside
303:
282:
274:
258:
97:. Shullat's name was sometimes written logographically as PA and Hanish's as LUGAL.
318:
948:
The
Babylonian Gilgamesh epic: introduction, critical edition and cuneiform texts
846:
380:
251:
227:
100:
986:. British Institute for the Study of Iraq, Cambridge University Press: 99–121.
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148:
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1190:"The Family God in Old Babylonian and Especially in Old Assyrian Sources"
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796:
408:
369:
333:
210:
198:
169:
17:
764:
354:. It is possible that they can be identified with the throne bearers (
1161:. Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO)/Institut für Orientalistik: 1–44.
428:
396:
392:
287:
262:
188:
184:
143:
136:
1121:
1093:
Pongratz-Leisten, Beate (2015). "The Materiality of Divine Agency".
780:
222:"Twin stars" associated with Shullat and Hanish in various works of
946:
976:"New Fragments of Gilgameš and Other Literary Texts from Kuyunjik"
400:
376:
310:
299:
270:
180:
157:
73:
Multiple syllabic spellings of the name Shullat are attested in
213:, and Hanish with Adad. However, elsewhere, for example in the
765:"Tablets from the Sippar Library. III. Two Royal Counterfeits"
487:
485:
483:
481:
447:
445:
1031:
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie
313:
of Shullat and Hanish is mentioned in an inscription of the
191:/Adad, but the extent of this connection is uncertain. In a
175:
Shullat and Hanish are assumed to be minor weather deities.
123:
note that while it is certain that both were derived from a
1200:. Presses Universitaires de France, Editions Belin: 49–90.
266:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
536:
534:
506:
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502:
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468:
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280:
An individual bearing the name Nūr-ilišu built a shrine (
197:
passage, they occur near Adad and alongside his children
142:. However, while references to them in an inscription of
645:
643:
606:
604:
602:
600:
551:
549:
566:
564:
521:
519:
250:. For example, one name invoking Hanish is known from
866:
Before the muses: an anthology of Akkadian literature
775:. British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 135–148.
920:
House most high: the temples of ancient Mesopotamia
350:(tablet XI, line 99) during the description of the
32:
1029:Milstein, Sara J. (2015). "The Origins of Adapa".
1070:. Penn State University Press. pp. 225–268.
763:Al-Rawi, Farouk N. H.; George, Andrew R. (1994).
179:proposes identifying them as personifications of
845:Edzard, Dietz-Otto; Lambert, Wilfred G. (1972),
709:
103:proposed that their names were derived from the
1194:Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale
1151:"Untersuchungen zum Pantheon von Adab im 3. Jt"
93:The spelling of Hanish's name was consistently
814:. Harvard University Press. pp. 165–172.
634:
391:," Shullat and Hanish are mentioned alongside
673:
491:
451:
344:Both Shullat and Hanish are mentioned in the
8:
951:. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press.
810:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2004). "Mesopotamia".
205:. In astrological texts and in the god list
290:. It is also known that they had a priest (
1205:
622:
591:
555:
540:
510:
472:
219:, they are treated as separate deities.
697:
649:
441:
419:. In another legend, it is stated that
1126:(in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
745:
733:
721:
685:
661:
610:
570:
525:
375:An Old Babylonian copy of the myth of
29:
286:) dedicated to Shullat and Hanish in
7:
209:, Shullat could be identified with
25:
1097:. De Gruyter. pp. 119–141.
1149:Such-Gutiérrez, Marcos (2005).
895:. University of Toronto Press.
812:Religions of the Ancient World
415:asks for advice by performing
1:
922:. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
893:Ur III Period (2112-2004 BC)
851:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
389:Cuthean Legend of Naram-Sin
1266:
1188:Veenhof, Klaas R. (2018).
1155:Archiv für Orientforschung
945:George, Andrew R. (2003).
918:George, Andrew R. (1993).
868:. Potomac, MD: CDL Press.
1120:Schwemer, Daniel (2001).
1103:10.1515/9781501502262-009
1076:10.1515/9781575066653-010
974:Jiménez, Enrique (2014).
864:Foster, Benjamin (1996).
820:10.4159/9780674264823-017
674:Al-Rawi & George 1994
492:Edzard & Lambert 1972
452:Edzard & Lambert 1972
37:
27:Pair of Mesopotamian gods
891:Frayne, Douglas (1997).
39:Twin gods of destruction
323:Library of Ashurbanipal
277:from the same period.
294:) in that city in the
224:Mesopotamian astronomy
1207:10.3917/assy.112.0049
901:10.3138/9781442657069
710:Pongratz-Leisten 2015
296:Old Babylonian period
111:, "despoilment," and
1245:Sky and weather gods
1043:10.1515/za-2015-0004
226:might correspond to
115:, "submission," but
847:"Ḫaniš, Šullat und"
712:, pp. 122–123.
635:Such-Gutiérrez 2005
411:as the deities the
162:Paul-Alain Beaulieu
992:10.1017/irq.2014.2
387:In the so-called "
152:refers to them as
121:Wilfred G. Lambert
33:Shullat and Hanish
1240:Mesopotamian gods
1133:978-3-447-04456-1
1068:Babel und Bibel 6
1037:(1). De Gruyter.
910:978-1-4426-5706-9
347:Epic of Gilgamesh
216:Epic of Gilgamesh
156:, "two gods" or "
117:Dietz-Otto Edzard
77:texts, including
63:Mesopotamian gods
61:) were a pair of
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16:(Redirected from
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1250:Divine twins
1219:. Retrieved
1197:
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1178:. Retrieved
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1030:
1019:. Retrieved
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865:
855:, retrieved
850:
811:
800:. Retrieved
772:
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756:Bibliography
741:
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698:Jiménez 2014
693:
681:
669:
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650:Veenhof 2018
630:
618:
429:Epic of Erra
427:
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319:Agum Kakrime
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154:šena-ilān(a)
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46:
45:
853:(in German)
746:Foster 1996
734:Foster 1996
722:Foster 1996
686:Oshima 2012
662:George 1993
611:George 2003
571:George 2003
526:Frayne 1997
381:Tell Haddad
228:Mu Centauri
203:Uṣur-amāssu
101:Ignace Gelb
87:šu-ul-la-at
83:šu-il-la-at
79:śu-ul-la-at
1234:Categories
1221:2022-04-16
1180:2022-04-16
1021:2022-04-16
857:2022-04-16
802:2022-04-16
436:References
340:Literature
232:V Centauri
1216:0373-6032
1167:0066-6440
1059:164595198
1051:0084-5299
1016:194070942
1000:0021-0889
838:246259379
789:0021-0889
417:extispicy
405:Annunitum
365:Atrahasis
330:syncretic
246:from the
207:An = Anum
149:An = Anum
131:Character
91:su-ul-ut.
75:cuneiform
1175:41670228
1142:48145544
1008:43307190
967:51668477
938:27813103
884:34149948
332:hymn to
166:Sumerian
137:Ugaritic
109:šullatum
105:Akkadian
95:ḫa-ni-iš
797:4200391
426:In the
409:Shamash
370:Errakal
334:Ninurta
328:A late
315:Kassite
261:, king
257:In the
238:Worship
211:Shamash
199:Misharu
170:Shamash
160:gods."
113:ḫanīšum
47:Shullat
18:Shullat
1214:
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1057:
1049:
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421:Sargon
397:Zababa
393:Ishtar
356:guzalû
317:ruler
292:šangûm
288:Sippar
263:Shulgi
189:Ishkur
185:Ishkur
144:Shulgi
107:words
55:Hanish
53:) and
51:Šûllat
1171:JSTOR
1055:S2CID
1012:S2CID
1004:JSTOR
834:S2CID
793:JSTOR
401:Ilaba
379:from
377:Adapa
352:flood
311:taboo
300:Ilaba
194:Šurpu
69:Names
59:Ḫaniš
1212:ISSN
1163:ISSN
1138:OCLC
1128:ISBN
1107:ISBN
1080:ISBN
1047:ISSN
996:ISSN
980:Iraq
963:OCLC
953:ISBN
934:OCLC
924:ISBN
905:ISBN
880:OCLC
870:ISBN
824:ISBN
785:ISSN
769:Iraq
407:and
273:and
271:Umma
252:Adab
230:and
201:and
181:gale
158:twin
119:and
89:and
1202:doi
1198:112
1099:doi
1072:doi
1039:doi
1035:105
988:doi
897:doi
816:doi
777:doi
265:of
1236::
1210:.
1196:.
1192:.
1169:.
1159:51
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1136:.
1105:.
1078:.
1053:.
1045:.
1033:.
1010:.
1002:.
994:.
984:76
982:.
978:.
961:.
932:.
903:.
878:.
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832:.
822:.
791:.
783:.
773:56
771:.
767:.
642:^
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267:Ur
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1101::
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1024:.
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969:.
940:.
913:.
899::
886:.
840:.
818::
805:.
779::
283:É
57:(
49:(
20:)
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