1364:) have three levels of formality distinction. The pronoun तू تو (tū) is the informal (intimate) pronoun, तुम تم (tum) is the familiar pronoun and आप آپ (āp) is the formal pronoun. Tū is only used in certain contexts in Urdu, as in normal conversation, the use of tū is considered very rude. The pronoun तू تو (tū) is grammatically singular while the pronouns तुम تم (tum) and आप آپ (āp) are grammatically plural. However, the plural pronouns are more commonly used as singular pronouns and to explicitly mark the plurality, words such as लोग لوگ (log) , सब سب (sab) , दोनों دونوں (donõ) , तीनों تینوں (tīnõ) etc. are added after the plural pronouns.
287:
38:
10273:
1381:
German teachers used to use the former construct with upper-secondary students, while
Italian teachers typically use the latter (switching to a full V-form with university students). This can lead to constructions denoting an intermediate level of formality in T–V-distinct languages that sound awkward to English-speakers. In Italian,
502:
Speakers developed greater flexibility of pronoun use by redefining relationships between individuals. Instead of defining the father–son relationship as one of power, it could be seen as a shared family relationship. Brown and Gilman term this the semantics of solidarity. Thus a speaker might have a
1380:
The boundaries between formal and informal language differ from language to language, as well as within social groups of the speakers of a given language. In some circumstances, it is not unusual to call other people by first name and the respectful form, or last name and familiar form. For example,
427:
to address a subject. This use was progressively extended to other states and societies, and down the social hierarchy as a mark of respect to individuals of higher rank, religious authority, greater wealth, or seniority within a family. The development was slow and erratic, but a consistent pattern
386:
Brown and Gilman argued that the choice of form is governed by either relationships of "power" or "solidarity", depending on the culture of the speakers, showing that "power" had been the dominant predictor of form in Europe until the 20th century. Thus, it was quite normal for a powerful person to
1493:
Different languages distinguish pronoun uses in different ways. Even within languages, there are differences between groups (older people and people of higher status tending both to use and to expect more respectful language) and between various aspects of one language. For example, in Dutch, the
1272:
is used instead. "Ihr" was also used in formal situations; this was once the abundant usage, but it has completely fallen out of use. In the plural form, "ihr" is used as the "T" pronoun and "Sie" is used as the "V" pronoun; "Ihr" and "Sie" are capitalized when they are used as the "V" pronoun.
1371:
dialects, a fourth level of formality (semi-formal), which is intermediate between आप آپ (āp) and तुम تم (tum), is created when the pronoun आप آپ (āp) is used with the conjugations of तुम تم (tum). However, this form is strictly dialectal and is not used in standard versions of Urdu and Hindi.
1267:
is only used as an informal pronoun. It is only addressed to persons that one knows well, like family members and friends. It is also most commonly used among peers as a sign of equality, especially among young people. In formal situations with strangers and acquaintances,
7673:
form. Some also have a related noun or pronoun. The
English words are used to refer only to English usage in the past, not to usage in other languages. The analogous distinction may be expressed as "to use first names" or "to be on familiar terms (with someone)".
655:
Developments from the 19th century have seen the solidarity semantic applied more consistently. It has become less acceptable for a more powerful individual to exercise the choice of pronoun. Officers in most armies are not permitted to address a soldier as
372:(590–604). However, Brown and Gilman note that it was only between the 12th and 14th centuries that the norms for the use of T- and V-forms crystallized. Less commonly, the use of the plural may be extended to other
10868:
153:. Additionally, British commoners historically spoke to nobility and royalty using the third person rather than the second person, a practice that has fallen out of favour. English speakers today often employ
1163:
are often used interchangeably to address an individual, sometimes in the same sentence. However, some emerging pattern of use has been detected by recent scholars. Between characters equal in age or rank,
1045:
speakers in those southern states, and (to a lesser extent) other regions of the US and beyond. This pronoun is not universally accepted, and may be regarded as either nonstandard or a regionalism.
244:
markers of social relationships between individuals. The study considered mainly French, Italian, Spanish and German. The paper was highly influential and, with few exceptions, the terms
9869:, making its origin analogous to v- pronouns in several European language families in being derived from the second person plural. In support of this hypothesis, the expression
267:
is a default neutral pronoun that fulfils the functions of both T and V without being the equivalent of either, so an N-V-T framework is needed, where N indicates neutrality.
1182:
was sometimes used to put a young man in his place, or to express temporary anger. There may also have been variation between
Parisian use and that of other regions.
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
1438:
1037:, it was used primarily for plural address, and in some dialects for singular address as well. The pronoun was first observed in the southern states of the US among
821:
276:
297:
10305:
984:
distinction was still well preserved when
Shakespeare began writing at the end of the 16th century. However, other playwrights of the time made less use of
2461:
4876:(unfriendly formal; also found in formal documents and in all formal contexts, where the intention is to convey a forceful tone in writing—often seen in
608:
These choices were available not only to reflect permanent relationships, but to express momentary changes of attitude. This allowed playwrights such as
9284:
639:, or to allow the subordinate to choose. For this reason, the pronouns were traditionally defined as the "pronoun of either condescension or intimacy" (
2154:
9875:
for the formal second person plural is traditionally regarded as wrong, and remains rare in
Mainland China (although it is more commonly used in
5429:
1123:
in Canada and parts of the northeastern United States (especially areas where there was historically Irish or
Italian immigration), including in
368:), but also mention that "plurality is a very old and ubiquitous metaphor for power." This usage was extended to other powerful figures, such as
98:
is the contextual use of different pronouns that exists in some languages and serves to convey formality or familiarity. Its name comes from the
9738:
503:
choice of pronoun, depending on how they perceived the relationship with the person addressed. Thus a speaker with superior power might choose
10206:
10166:
9722:
9385:
3578:
3564:
432:
spread to upper-class individuals of equal rank, but not to lower class individuals. This may be represented in Brown and Gilman's notation:
2140:
1448:
In many languages, the respectful singular pronoun derives from a plural form. Some
Romance languages have familiar forms derived from the
1092:
9376:
Cook, Manuela (2019). "Chapter 1: N-V-T, a framework for the analysis of social dynamics in address pronouns". In
Bouissac, Paul (ed.).
6986:
5441:
10225:
9634:
327:
81:
9285:"Address Practices in Academic Interactions in a Pluricentric Language: Australian English, American English, and British English"
4962:
4955:
4948:
11191:
10298:
6305:
6279:
6266:
6213:
5857:
5839:
5821:
5051:
2398:
127:
Many languages lack this type of distinction, instead relying on other morphological or discourse features to convey formality.
11196:
7035:
888:. It made noticeable advances during the second half of the 13th century. During the 16th century, the distinction between the
11140:
196:
Addressing a single individual using the second-person plural forms in the language, instead of the singular (e.g. in French).
2447:
2433:
1520:, which has the disadvantage of being ambiguous. In Latin American Spanish, the opposite change has occurred—having lost the
48:
4870:
almost never occurs in spoken Malay; instead, most
Malaysians would address a respected person by their title and/or name),
10277:
10958:
5601:
1027:
distinction was restored to some
English dialects in the form of a pronoun that expressed friendly solidarity, written as
10950:
9500:
6226:
6180:
6123:
3368:
3354:
3340:
2113:
730:
The tendency to promote the solidarity semantic may lead to the abolition of any choice of address pronoun. During the
11186:
10650:
10469:
10366:
10291:
9785:
7531:
5605:
2384:
1296:
5260:
5232:
9264:
published in T.A Seboek (ed) (1960). Republished in Giglioli (1972). The page numbers cited below are from Giglioli.
395:-form in return. However, in the 20th century the dynamic shifted in favour of solidarity, so that people would use
11171:
10336:
10158:
9569:
237:
233:
11176:
10255:
7471:
6492:
996:
suggest that the distinction was already disappearing from gentle speech. In the first half of the 17th century,
860:
360:
in the 4th century AD. They mention the possibility that this was because there were two emperors at that time (
309:
11060:
10560:
9773:
9225:
1292:
186:
63:
10189:
Helmbrecht, Johannes (2005). "Politeness distinctions in pronouns". In Martin Haspelmath; et al. (eds.).
9739:
https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/46086/First_Year_Hindi_Course-Part_1.pdf?sequence=2
9317:
7420:
6199:
6192:
6136:
4627:
4263:
4249:
4041:
2127:
2099:
263:
keeps everybody at a distance, although not to the same extent as V pronouns in other languages. For others,
120:, courtesy, age or even insult toward the addressee. The field that studies and describes this phenomenon is
10872:
10381:
9241:
6951:
5803:
4098:
4084:
4070:
4056:
2371:
2357:
2343:
1782:
1753:
1739:
511:
to their favourite waiter. Similarly, a subordinate with a friendly relationship of long standing might use
428:
of use is estimated to have been reached in different European societies by the period 1100 to 1500. Use of
59:
7049:
5246:
5212:
5179:
5159:
11006:
10833:
10742:
8930:
8895:
6577:
6535:
5581:(verbs following any of the above addresses are in the 3rd person plural form, although in many cases for
2676:
1576:
of the singular and plural second person in many languages, including their respectful variants (if any):
1342:
5405:
1470:, sometimes via a circuitous route. Sometimes, a singular V-form derives from a third-person pronoun; in
157:
analogues to convey the mentioned attitudes towards the addressee, such as whether to address someone by
11077:
10968:
10963:
10940:
10762:
10757:
10752:
10732:
10727:
10722:
10702:
10495:
10331:
8181:
3173:
2659:
1341:-variant of "you" and an even more formal manner of addressing people, which was to address them in the
1112:
5845:
5827:
5502:
916:
in standard English was confined to literary and religious contexts or as a consciously archaic usage.
7408:
4613:
11082:
11016:
10848:
10805:
10707:
10570:
10530:
9970:
5969:
5752:
3515:
3501:
3487:
2810:
2169:
923:
836:
146:
10118:
Brown, Roger; Gilman, Albert (1960). "The pronouns of power and solidarity". In T. A. Sebeok (ed.).
5962:
5925:
4866:(polite/friendly formal; found in formal documents and in all formal contexts, e.g. advertisements.
11181:
10843:
10490:
9966:
9805:
9764:
8639:
8538:
8444:
7554:
6410:
6403:
6396:
5597:
5593:
4970:
4716:
4029:
3807:
3550:
3536:
3326:
2913:
2261:
1224:
1108:
625:
621:
5100:
5063:
2330:
1767:
1724:
1706:
1689:
631:
For centuries, it was the more powerful individual who chose to address a subordinate either with
11166:
11029:
10996:
10922:
10907:
10892:
10882:
10795:
10790:
10780:
10575:
10505:
10500:
10069:
9062:
8559:
8362:
8335:
7835:
7174:
5114:
4335:
4200:
4187:
4173:
4160:
4146:
4133:
3731:
3680:
2511:
2065:
2052:
2038:
2025:
2011:
1998:
1984:
1898:
1589:
1361:
1308:
1104:
839:
739:
373:
10236:
9754:
As with many instances in English, the pronoun is capitalized when talking to God, as in prayer.
9690:
9506:
5863:
5809:
3651:
3617:
1295:
but its use began rapidly declining in the second half of the 20th century, coinciding with the
10198:
9712:
7396:
5417:
2419:
10986:
10912:
10887:
10810:
10675:
10620:
10590:
10550:
10221:
10202:
10162:
10106:
9843:
9718:
9714:
The Nordic Languages: An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages
9630:
9622:
9381:
8668:
8529:
8208:
8067:
7720:
6925:
6911:
6750:
5912:
4113:
3973:
3946:
3530:
3320:
3271:
2982:
2080:
1965:
1648:
1560:(literally "you others") is still regularly used in informal conversation. In some cases, the
889:
809:
731:
412:
352:
the plural, with no distinction for honorific or familiar. According to Brown and Gilman, the
199:
Addressing individuals with another pronoun with its own verb conjugations (e.g. in Spanish).
11024:
10917:
10897:
10747:
10712:
10630:
10425:
10190:
10061:
9307:
9299:
9027:
9000:
8965:
8868:
8784:
8695:
8580:
8416:
8119:
8094:
8011:
7892:
7864:
7787:
7092:
6849:
6784:
6746:
6654:
6460:
6343:
5979:
5797:
5454:
5033:
5018:
5004:
4990:
4751:
4681:
3922:
3891:
3076:
3041:
2624:
2574:
2324:
1475:
1312:
1304:
1096:
1074:
1054:
1038:
1001:
897:
805:
801:
797:
776:
664:. The relationships illustrated above have changed in the direction of the following norms:
421:
was used to address the most exalted figures, emperors and popes, who would use the pronoun
240:. This was a historical and contemporary survey of the uses of pronouns of address, seen as
128:
121:
10049:
4006:
2559:
2545:
2531:
507:
to express fellow feeling with a subordinate. For example, a restaurant customer might use
192:
The T–V distinction is expressed in a variety of forms. Two particularly common means are:
10932:
10853:
10815:
10800:
10680:
10670:
10585:
10580:
10520:
10386:
10356:
9809:
9768:
9581:
9235:
8841:
8607:
8495:
8230:
8146:
7950:
7814:
7759:
7367:
7029:
6719:
6619:
6425:
5521:
5200:
4941:
4642:
4579:
4536:
4509:
4278:
4215:
4017:
3414:
3383:
3208:
3112:
2835:
2822:
2728:
2476:
2210:
1971:
1573:
1504:
is slowly falling into disuse in the plural and so one could sometimes address a group as
1471:
1323:
1260:
1100:
793:
789:
767:
117:
7603:
6252:
6154:
5496:
5484:
5472:
2202:
2086:
10283:
9914:
9902:
9890:
9871:
9865:
9848:
7385:
7373:
5039:
4673:
4665:
4599:
4585:
4235:
4221:
3722:
3262:
3248:
3234:
2682:
2665:
1935:
1822:
1804:
1514:, which clearly expresses the plural when one would address each member individually as
11114:
11072:
11034:
10936:
10665:
10655:
10645:
10540:
10535:
10515:
10510:
10439:
10314:
10178:
9126:
8292:
7971:
7923:
7468:
7433:
7139:
6966:
6891:
6390:
6339:
6054:
5206:
4820:
4800:
4793:
4320:
4303:
3473:
3304:
2769:
2693:
1950:
1449:
993:
877:
369:
365:
361:
6972:
6713:
5789:
5718:
5560:
5379:
5366:
5352:
4900:
4888:
3763:
3756:
3744:
3665:
3637:
3599:
3220:
3200:
3193:
2616:
2602:
1942:
1929:
1211:
form used among lower class speakers. Upper-class speakers could choose to use either
1135:, and scattered throughout working class Italian-American communities in the American
788:. An explanation offered was that such online communications favour the philosophy of
116:. The distinction takes a number of forms and indicates varying levels of politeness,
11160:
11039:
10991:
10858:
10838:
10717:
10635:
10615:
10565:
10545:
10525:
10191:
10133:
6597:
5932:
5394:
5388:
5310:
4976:
3312:
3179:
2609:
2413:
2309:
2295:
2267:
1911:
1368:
1186:
1132:
919:
881:
353:
7206:
7194:
7180:
6741:
6735:
5758:
5618:
5140:
5120:
4894:
4770:
3737:
3256:
3242:
3228:
2517:
1326:
has declined dramatically, but as of 2023 not completely disappeared. In Danish the
11128:
11102:
11092:
11065:
10927:
10660:
10625:
10600:
10555:
10376:
9686:
9521:
8265:
6320:
5329:
5302:
4119:
3834:
3467:
3291:
2587:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2175:
1128:
1042:
785:
628:
to express a character's inner changes of mood through outward changes of pronoun.
9924:) was considered incorrect, but is now used more frequently, especially in Taiwan.
9357:
Clyne, Michael (2009). "Address in intercultural communication across languages".
7630:
7589:
6762:
6728:
5999:
5985:
5724:
5693:
5460:
5373:
5360:
5346:
4743:
4736:
4729:
3983:
3214:
939:
by the upper classes when talking to each other, even if they were closely related
647:). Brown and Gilman argue that modern usage no longer supports these definitions.
403:-forms in service encounters, with reciprocal usage being the norm in both cases.
6869:
6855:
6707:
5940:
5574:
5323:
5296:
3994:
3082:
854:(with variants) were used for singular and plural reference respectively with no
10785:
10595:
10474:
10435:
10400:
10391:
9428:
8389:
7131:
7111:
6897:
6814:
6754:
6555:
6088:
6060:
5710:
5548:(verbs following any of the above addresses are in the 3rd person singular form)
4349:
3856:
3715:
3298:
3186:
2281:
1633:
1486:
forms for both singular and plural, others have the same form and others have a
1282:
1116:
1041:
speakers, although its precise origin is obscure. The pronoun spread rapidly to
832:
609:
9472:
7352:
7338:
7321:
7307:
7289:
7276:
7255:
6639:
5636:
4781:
4708:
4701:
4694:
3841:
3827:
3813:
3700:
2594:
2238:
792:, regardless of usual formal distinctions. Similar tendencies were observed in
11145:
11044:
11001:
10978:
10902:
10737:
10640:
10610:
10605:
10459:
10454:
10361:
10351:
10341:
9859:
9833:
Technically a "double plural", sometimes employed for a small group of people.
9230:
7460:
7453:
6688:
6683:: for informal, horizontal communication in Costa Rica and parts of Colombia)
6603:
6590:
6583:
6561:
6548:
6541:
6504:
6498:
6487:
6148:
4926:
4912:
4906:
4838:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3693:
3054:
2795:
2645:
2631:
2196:
2189:
2182:
1148:
885:
617:
613:
259:
in English is controversial among linguistic scholars. For some, the English
158:
112:
6660:
6632:
5946:
5567:
4806:
4764:
4284:
3820:
3164:
3047:
3027:
3014:
3001:
2988:
11135:
11097:
10877:
10694:
10449:
10395:
10371:
10123:
9303:
9220:
8040:
6669:(in parts of the Americas, mainly in the Southern Cone and Central America)
5289:
4935:
4848:(northern dialect, but understood and accepted across Peninsular Malaysia),
4649:
3937:
3862:
2940:
2829:
2816:
1956:
1917:
1619:
1607:
1136:
1016:
again in the middle of the century, many people were still aware of the old
106:
10153:
Fagyal, Zsuzsanna; Kibbee, Douglas; Jenkins, Frederic (28 September 2006).
9427:
Crystal, David & Ben (2002) pp. 450–451. Reproduced at David Crystal's
6074:
5955:
5782:
5770:
5764:
5611:
5534:
5276:
4722:
3152:
3145:
3137:
3125:
2253:
2246:
10272:
10065:
7549:
7490:
7105:
7098:
6796:
6701:
5283:
4920:
4872:
4862:
4844:
4832:
4826:
4812:
3930:
3910:
3904:
3708:
3686:
3068:
3061:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2952:
2946:
2900:
2877:
2854:
1904:
1613:
11124:
11119:
9477:
6625:
6172:
6117:
5918:
5541:
4657:
4384:
3916:
3444:
3437:
3408:
3396:
3283:
3277:
3158:
3033:
3020:
3007:
2994:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1029:
377:
241:
154:
10073:
9947:
9941:
9312:
7561:
7496:
7446:
7439:
6861:
6827:
6821:
6809:
6803:
6790:
6518:
6479:
6473:
6466:
4850:
4757:
4687:
3897:
3104:
3097:
3089:
2889:
2866:
2843:
2775:
2580:
1640:
1626:
11109:
10825:
10430:
10346:
9344:
Cross-cultural pragmatics. The semantics of human interaction (2nd ed.)
9153:
7583:
6445:
6438:
6431:
5553:
5527:
5339:
4881:
4877:
4050:
3389:
3131:
3118:
2760:
2741:
2734:
2482:
2231:
2223:
2216:
1922:
1683:
1478:
languages, it is the third-person plural. Some languages have separate
1120:
1009:
162:
102:
7537:
7477:
2781:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
1303:
variant has in practice completely disappeared from regular speech in
17:
11087:
10772:
10464:
10444:
9876:
6166:
5876:
4501:
2753:
1797:
1599:
1124:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
2802:
2788:
880:
text of 1225 composed in 1200. The usage may have started among the
66:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
9965:
As grammatical case largely disappeared during the transition from
6262:, plural) for accusative, dative and genitive also used in poetry)
8316:
7665:
Some languages have a verb to describe the fact of using either a
3593:
1545:
1353:
217:
173:
99:
10093:
9737:
First-Year Hindi Course (Part one), H.H. Van Olphen (page 30-32)
10410:
10323:
9555:
9109:
7249:
1536:, even if the group is composed of friends whom they would call
1357:
1201:
form used by upper-class speakers to address one another, while
849:
843:
150:
133:
10287:
1020:
distinction and responded with derision and physical violence.
4854:(impolite in all contexts except in very close relationships,
3772:
1008:
distinction was preserved in many regional dialects. When the
758:
is archaic and no longer exists outside of poetry or dialect.
754:) to one another. In most Modern English dialects, the use of
280:
167:
31:
9999:
Necessitates compound verb forms with participle in singular.
1060:
9623:"The English dialect heritage of the southern United States"
5265:
5251:
5237:
5223:
5217:
966:
in talking to ghosts, witches, and other supernatural beings
660:. Most European parents cannot oblige their children to use
1223:
to a superior. However, there was much variation; in 1596,
1080:
131:
historically contained the distinction, using the pronouns
1219:
when addressing an inferior. Inferiors would normally use
1077:
1057:
10026:
employs 3rd-person singular verb conjugations. Derisive.
9711:
Oskar Bandle; Kurt Braunmüller; Lennart Elmevik (2002).
9706:
9704:
9702:
9700:
232:, were first used in a paper by the social psychologist
9466:
9464:
5587:(general) the 2nd person plural form is also possible).
305:
55:
10146:
Shakespeare's Words: A Glossary and Language Companion
9919:
9907:
9895:
9852:
4491:
4485:
4478:
4472:
4464:
4458:
4451:
4445:
4437:
4431:
4424:
4418:
4411:
4405:
4397:
4391:
2669:
2650:
2636:
1564:-form is likely to be capitalized when it is written.
1245:" ("according to our natural tendencies"). In poetry,
992:
in popular writing earlier in the century such as the
9819:
9813:
9790:
9778:
9473:"Tu and Twitter: Is it the end for 'vous' in French?"
8773:
8757:
8740:
8715:
1411:(teacher to high-school student, as stated above) to
1083:
1063:
957:
by people of higher social status to those below them
912:
pronoun (and plural pronoun). After 1600, the use of
10256:
The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary
6416:
4569:
4563:
4555:
4549:
4541:
4528:
4522:
4514:
1251:
was often used to address kings or to speak to God.
936:
by people of lower social status to those above them
11053:
11015:
10977:
10949:
10824:
10771:
10693:
10483:
10418:
10409:
10322:
6610:
6568:
415:(the 5th century to the 10th century), the pronoun
10177:
10132:
9520:
2424:
988:contrasts than Shakespeare. The infrequent use of
9842:Only commonly employed in northern dialects like
1554:forms). In Standard Peninsular Spanish, however,
969:in an imaginary address to someone who was absent
7846:(говоря / съм) на "Вие" (govorya / sam) na "Vie"
5775:
5743:
5737:
5731:
5704:
5698:
5683:
5677:
5671:
5665:
5659:
5653:
5647:
5641:
5629:
5623:
5023:
5009:
4995:
4981:
4375:
4368:
4361:
4354:
3846:
2314:
2300:
2286:
2272:
1417:(live-in servant to master or master's son) and
1399:(formal) one, but complete addresses range from
976:) in the emotional temperature of an interaction
946:) in the emotional temperature of an interaction
10218:Diachronic Perspectives on Address Term Systems
10216:Taavitsainen, Irma; Jucker, Andreas H. (2003).
9863:is derived from the fusion of the syllables of
7239:
7233:
7225:
7219:
7211:
7199:
7185:
5995:) narrowly reserved intimates (or for insults)
5190:
5184:
5170:
5164:
5148:
5145:
5131:
5125:
2564:
2550:
2536:
2522:
1461:and respectful forms derived from Latin plural
960:by the lower classes when talking to each other
643:) and "the pronoun of reverence or formality" (
255:The status of the single second-person pronoun
27:Formality distinction feature of some languages
10180:Language and Social Context: Selected Readings
10017:employs 3rd-person (plural) verb conjugations.
9662:Summarised in Fagyal et al. (2006) pp. 267–268
9649:"Interlude 17, Tracking a change: the case of
7841:(говоря / съм) на "ти" (govorya / sam) na "ti"
6310:
6297:
6291:
6284:
6271:
6257:
6245:
6239:
6231:
6218:
6204:
6185:
6159:
6141:
6128:
4205:
4192:
4178:
4165:
4151:
4138:
4124:
3583:
3569:
3555:
3541:
3373:
3359:
3345:
3331:
2466:
2452:
2438:
2159:
2145:
2132:
2118:
2104:
2091:
2070:
2057:
2043:
2030:
2016:
2003:
1989:
1976:
1444:Singular, plural and other ways of distinction
10299:
10107:"Mastering the Unmasterable: A French Puzzle"
8767:
8751:
8734:
8709:
7649:
7643:
7635:
7622:
7616:
7608:
7594:
7124:
7117:
6882:
6875:
6839:
6833:
6773:
6767:
6678:
6672:
6525:
6510:
6042:
6036:
6026:
6020:
6012:
6004:
5990:
5867:
5849:
5831:
5813:
5709:when addressing a deity, Jesus Christ or the
5512:
5506:
5488:
5476:
5464:
5104:
5092:
5087:
5080:
5075:
5067:
5055:
5043:
4103:
4089:
4075:
4061:
2403:
2389:
2376:
2362:
2348:
2335:
1787:
1772:
1758:
1744:
1729:
1711:
1694:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
779:
294:The examples and perspective in this section
8:
10197:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.
10054:Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies
10012:
9681:
9679:
9677:
7424:
7412:
7400:
7389:
7377:
7082:
7076:
7068:
7062:
7054:
7040:
6645:
6451:
5903:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5582:
5315:
4632:
4618:
4604:
4590:
4339:
4325:
4308:
4289:
4268:
4254:
4240:
4226:
3449:
3420:
3401:
1882:
1871:
1859:
1848:
1839:
1827:
1809:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1202:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1158:
1152:
770:
10050:"The Spanish Language of Equatorial Guinea"
9934:
9629:. Cambridge University Press. p. 284.
9238:, another plural device used for politeness
7574:
7567:
7542:
7521:
7515:
7508:
7502:
7482:
7165:
7158:
7151:
7144:
7019:
7013:
7005:
6999:
6991:
6977:
6961:; the latter is used in spoken Tajik only)
6956:
6944:
6938:
6930:
6916:
6902:
6381:
6375:
6368:
6362:
6355:
6349:
6331:
6325:
6107:
6101:
6093:
6079:
6065:
3670:
3656:
3642:
3622:
3604:
3520:
3506:
3492:
3478:
1555:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1515:
1509:
1499:
1462:
1453:
422:
416:
347:
341:
227:
221:
10415:
10306:
10292:
10284:
10259:. New York: Oxford University Press. 1971.
7357:
7343:
7326:
7312:
7294:
7281:
7260:
5445:
5433:
5421:
5409:
5398:
1578:
1315:, however, it is still occasionally used.
312:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
9750:
9748:
9746:
9378:The Social Dynamics of Pronominal Systems
9311:
9283:Formentelli, Maicol; Hajek, John (2016).
7825:c'hwial / mont dre c'hwi / komz dre c'hwi
7553:(regional variant, not possible when the
328:Learn how and when to remove this message
82:Learn how and when to remove this message
9961:
9959:
9957:
9083:звертатися на "ви" (zvertatysia na "vy")
9073:звертатися на "ти" (zvertatysia na "ty")
7676:
7216:, addressing officials in letters etc.)
5936:(less formal, possibly confrontational)
1530:, Latin Americans address all groups as
1439:T–V distinction in the world's languages
972:as a sign of a change (contrasting with
942:as a sign of a change (contrasting with
822:T–V distinction in the world's languages
766:It was reported in 2012 that use of the
666:
524:
434:
277:T–V distinction in the world's languages
10007:
10005:
9557:Hwo is þat us muȝen sceawin ða gode ðe
9254:
8650:tratar por senhor / senhora / senhorita
8645:tratar por tu, você; chamar de tu, você
4836:(regional; common spoken short form is
1291:distinction was once widespread in the
1023:In the 19th century, one aspect of the
858:distinction. The earliest entry in the
519:to express affection for their parent.
10193:The World Atlas of Language Structures
10034:
10032:
9577:
9567:
8654:chamar de senhor / senhora / senhorita
6522:(plural – when addressing only women)
3719:(a bit old-fashioned, can be impolite)
3697:(a bit old-fashioned, can be impolite)
1239:to inferiors as well as to superiors "
816:History of use in individual languages
746:to everyone, and some continue to use
252:have been used in subsequent studies.
10144:Crystal, David; Crystal, Ben (2002).
9717:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 1631–.
5950:(regional, possibly confrontational)
1227:observed in his comprehensive survey
498:Modification: the solidarity semantic
7:
9784:
9772:
9262:The Pronouns of Power and Solidarity
4564:
4550:
4523:
4486:
4473:
4459:
4446:
4432:
4419:
4406:
4392:
1423:(senior staff member to junior) and
151:with the exception of a few dialects
145:largely disappeared from the era of
7644:
7617:
6508:(dual – when addressing two women);
1821:
1803:
1345:("Could I ask Mr. Johnson to...").
9990:Only common in official documents.
9602:" David Crystal (2004) pp. 307–310
9471:Lawn, Rebecca (7 September 2012).
9380:. John Benjamins. pp. 17–34.
9103:звертання на ви (zvertannia na vy)
9093:звертання на ти (zvertannia na ty)
7728:(toi-toikoi mat) (very informal),
3967:(proper nouns and/or common nouns)
3962:(proper nouns and/or common nouns)
3957:(proper nouns and/or common nouns)
3952:(proper nouns and/or common nouns)
1490:distinction only in the singular.
177:. Under a broader classification,
25:
10155:French: A Linguistic Introduction
7795:(tuitokāri kôrā) (very informal)
7661:Related verbs, nouns and pronouns
6017:is used in formal correspondence
1242:selon la facilité de nos naturels
1091:) as a plural is found mainly in
872:pronoun in place of the singular
515:. For example, a child might use
407:Early history: the power semantic
399:-forms with those they knew, and
346:was originally the singular, and
10271:
10105:Blume, Mary (19 February 2000).
9498:Põhjala, Priit (12 April 2013).
8025:(referring to historical usage)
8019:(referring to historical usage)
7820:teal / mont dre te / komz dre te
7744:(toi-toi kora) (very informal),
5728:(dialects of northern Portugal)
1585:second-person singular familiar
1572:The following is a table of the
1176:as a singular address. However,
1073:
1053:
742:obliged its members to use only
734:, attempts were made to abolish
383:" (majestic plural) in English.
285:
36:
9114:تو تکار کرنا (tu tukaar karna)
4299:(directly addressing a person);
1334:variant is a capitalized "De".
1233:that the French sometimes used
738:. In 17th century England, the
10237:"About Middle English Grammar"
10092:Balbo, Sophie (23 June 2005).
10038:Capitalized in correspondence.
10011:Even as a 2nd-person pronoun,
9594:"Interlude 12 : Choosing
9458:Brown & Gilman pp. 266–268
9449:Brown & Gilman pp. 269–261
9418:Brown & Gilman pp. 278–280
9409:Brown & Gilman pp. 257–258
9400:Brown & Gilman pp. 254–255
7732:(tüma-tumikoi mat) (familiar)
6417:
5191:
5171:
5149:
5132:
4315:(addressing anonymous readers)
3749:
1595:second-person plural familiar
1429:(among peers and to seniors).
236:and the Shakespearean scholar
1:
7870:tutejar / tractar de tu / vós
4904:is slang and more informal),
1405:(peer to peer or family) and
271:History and usage in language
10176:Giglioli, Per Paolo (1972).
10111:International Herald Tribune
9920:
9908:
9896:
9853:
9820:
9814:
9795:) ("your lordship") are used
9791:
9779:
9653:" Crystal (2004) pp. 449–452
9627:Legacies of Colonial English
9625:. In Hickey, Raymond (ed.).
9621:Schneider, Edgar W. (2005).
9346:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
9042:sizli bizli olmak / konuşmak
9033:senli benli olmak / konuşmak
7776:berorika (aritu / hitz egin)
7748:(tüma-tumi kora) (familiar)
6176:) also used in poetry/verse
6108:
6094:
6080:
6066:
5904:
5897:
5890:
5883:
4570:
4556:
4542:
4529:
4515:
4492:
4479:
4465:
4452:
4438:
4425:
4412:
4398:
2670:
2651:
2637:
2467:
2453:
2439:
2425:
1189:period, a relatively stable
522:This may be represented as:
9824:("your lordships") are used
9783:) ("your grace") or
9429:Explore Shakespeare's Works
8790:не персирати (ne persirati)
8774:
8758:
8741:
8716:
7771:zuka aritu / zuka hitz egin
7765:hika aritu / hika hitz egin
7650:
7636:
7623:
7609:
7595:
7425:
7413:
7401:
7390:
7378:
7358:
7344:
7327:
7313:
7295:
7282:
7261:
7240:
7226:
7212:
7200:
7186:
7083:
7069:
7055:
7041:
7020:
7006:
6992:
6978:
6957:
6945:
6931:
6917:
6903:
6311:
6298:
6285:
6272:
6258:
6246:
6232:
6219:
6205:
6186:
6160:
6142:
6129:
6043:
6027:
6005:
5991:
5868:
5850:
5832:
5814:
5780:for a more familiar tone),
5513:
5507:
5489:
5477:
5465:
5446:
5434:
5422:
5410:
5399:
5266:
5252:
5238:
5224:
5218:
5185:
5165:
5146:
5126:
5105:
5093:
5081:
5068:
5056:
5044:
5024:
5010:
4996:
4982:
4633:
4619:
4605:
4591:
4340:
4326:
4309:
4290:
4206:
4193:
4179:
4166:
4152:
4139:
4125:
4104:
4090:
4076:
4062:
3671:
3657:
3643:
3623:
3605:
3584:
3570:
3556:
3542:
3521:
3507:
3493:
3479:
3374:
3360:
3346:
3332:
2746:
2565:
2551:
2537:
2523:
2404:
2390:
2377:
2363:
2349:
2336:
2315:
2301:
2287:
2273:
2160:
2146:
2133:
2119:
2105:
2092:
2071:
2058:
2044:
2031:
2017:
2004:
1990:
1977:
1883:
1872:
1860:
1849:
1840:
1828:
1810:
1788:
1773:
1759:
1745:
1730:
1712:
1695:
673:Subordinate choice removed
308:, discuss the issue on the
62:the claims made and adding
11213:
11141:Syntax–semantics interface
10159:Cambridge University Press
9806:spoken varieties of Arabic
9765:spoken varieties of Arabic
9501:Kas teietada või sinatada?
8820:неперсирање (nepersiranje)
8175:vousoiement / voussoiement
6697:(in Cuba and Puerto Rico)
6102:
6087:
6073:
6059:
4892:(polite/friendly formal),
4535:
4508:
2460:
2446:
2432:
2418:
1436:
1387:can be addressed with the
1280:
963:in addressing God or Jesus
904:was largely lost, leaving
819:
274:
9981:from the 15th century on.
9913:
9901:
9889:
9870:
9864:
9858:
9847:
9440:Brown & Gilman p. 258
9342:Wierzbicka, Anna (2003).
8980:ustedear; tratar de usted
8768:
8752:
8735:
8710:
7711:
7705:
7699:
7693:
7690:
7629:
7602:
7588:
7419:
7407:
7395:
7384:
7372:
7351:
7337:
7320:
7306:
7288:
7275:
7254:
7234:
7220:
7205:
7193:
7179:
7077:
7063:
7048:
7034:
7014:
7000:
6985:
6971:
6950:
6939:
6924:
6910:
6896:
6409:
6402:
6395:
6304:
6292:
6278:
6265:
6251:
6240:
6225:
6212:
6198:
6191:
6190:, addressing a man, root
6179:
6153:
6135:
6122:
6037:
6021:
6013:
6011:the capitalised spelling
5998:
5984:
5862:
5856:
5844:
5838:
5826:
5820:
5808:
5802:
5730:
5616:
5501:
5495:
5483:
5471:
5459:
5440:
5428:
5416:
5404:
5393:
5281:
5259:
5245:
5231:
5211:
5205:
5178:
5158:
5139:
5119:
5099:
5088:
5076:
5062:
5050:
5038:
5017:
5003:
4989:
4975:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4626:
4612:
4598:
4584:
4334:
4319:
4302:
4283:
4262:
4248:
4234:
4220:
4199:
4186:
4172:
4159:
4145:
4132:
4118:
4097:
4083:
4069:
4055:
3664:
3650:
3636:
3616:
3598:
3577:
3563:
3549:
3535:
3514:
3500:
3486:
3472:
3367:
3353:
3339:
3325:
2681:
2664:
2644:
2630:
2558:
2544:
2530:
2516:
2397:
2383:
2370:
2356:
2342:
2329:
2308:
2294:
2280:
2266:
2153:
2139:
2126:
2112:
2098:
2085:
2064:
2051:
2037:
2024:
2010:
1997:
1983:
1970:
1781:
1766:
1752:
1738:
1723:
1705:
1688:
884:nobility in imitation of
861:Oxford English Dictionary
672:
669:
530:
527:
440:
437:
356:began to be addressed as
10561:Exceptional case-marking
10235:Kleinman, Scott (2009).
9977:was often replaced with
9359:Intercultural Pragmatics
9226:Honorifics (linguistics)
5879:(Tolkien's High Elvish)
3941:(increasingly uncommon)
3308:, northeastern dialect)
2764:(increasingly uncommon)
1330:variant is "du" and the
1293:North Germanic languages
670:Superior choice removed
11192:Grammatical conjugation
10131:Crystal, David (2004).
9771:, terms such as
9556:
9304:10.1075/prag.26.4.05for
9242:Style (form of address)
8810:бити на ви (biti na vi)
8795:бити на ти (biti na ti)
8633:mówienie per pan / pani
8510:말을 높이다 (mareul nophida)
7166:
7159:
7152:
7145:
6813:(rarely used since the
6611:
6602:
6596:
6589:
6582:
6569:
6560:
6554:
6547:
6540:
6382:
6376:
6369:
6363:
6356:
6350:
6332:
6326:
4811:
4805:
4799:
4792:
4780:
4769:
4763:
4756:
4672:
4664:
4656:
4648:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4355:
1393:(familiar) form or the
1384:(Signor) Vincenzo Rossi
1230:Recherches de la France
953:would normally be used
932:would normally be used
850:
844:
531:Subordinate has choice
11197:Second-person pronouns
10367:Initial-stress-derived
10135:The Stories of English
10013:
9946:
9940:
9935:
9857:. Wang Li states that
8830:персирање (persiranje)
8514:존댓말하다 (jondaemmalhada)
8428:(transitive, archaic)
7575:
7568:
7560:
7548:
7543:
7536:
7522:
7516:
7509:
7503:
7495:
7489:
7483:
7476:
7459:
7452:
7445:
7438:
7130:
7125:
7118:
7110:
7104:
7097:
6883:
6876:
6868:
6860:
6854:
6840:
6834:
6826:
6820:
6808:
6802:
6795:
6789:
6774:
6768:
6761:
6740:
6734:
6727:
6718:
6712:
6706:
6700:
6687:
6679:
6673:
6659:
6646:
6638:
6631:
6624:
6526:
6517:
6511:
6503:
6497:
6486:
6478:
6472:
6465:
6452:
6444:
6437:
6430:
6209:, addressing a woman)
5968:
5961:
5954:
5945:
5939:
5931:
5924:
5917:
5788:
5781:
5776:
5769:
5763:
5757:
5744:
5738:
5732:
5723:
5717:
5705:
5699:
5692:
5684:
5678:
5672:
5666:
5660:
5654:
5648:
5642:
5635:
5630:
5624:
5617:
5610:
5583:
5573:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5540:
5533:
5526:
5378:
5372:
5365:
5359:
5351:
5345:
5328:
5322:
5316:
5309:
5301:
5295:
5288:
5282:
4925:
4919:
4911:
4905:
4899:
4893:
4887:
4871:
4861:
4849:
4843:
4837:
4831:
4825:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4721:
4707:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4269:
4255:
4241:
4227:
4040:
4028:
4016:
4005:
3993:
3982:
3936:
3929:
3909:
3903:
3896:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3762:
3755:
3743:
3736:
3726:(formal and official)
3721:
3714:
3707:
3704:(formal and official)
3699:
3692:
3685:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3421:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3311:
3303:
3297:
3290:
3282:
3276:
3261:
3255:
3247:
3241:
3233:
3227:
3219:
3213:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3144:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3117:
3103:
3096:
3088:
3081:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3032:
3026:
3019:
3013:
3006:
3000:
2993:
2987:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2951:
2945:
2899:
2888:
2876:
2865:
2853:
2842:
2828:
2815:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2774:
2759:
2752:
2740:
2733:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2230:
2222:
2215:
2201:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
1955:
1949:
1941:
1934:
1928:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1612:
1556:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1516:
1510:
1500:
1463:
1454:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1277:Scandinavian languages
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1203:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1159:
1153:
780:
771:
423:
417:
348:
342:
228:
222:
204:Origin and development
185:forms are examples of
10878:Inclusive / Exclusive
10066:10.1353/hcs.2011.0376
10048:Lipski, John (2004).
9687:"Þéranir á meðal vor"
9611:Crystal (2004) p. 308
8959:wy gronjenje, wykanje
8954:ty gronjenje, tykanje
8805:персирати (persirati)
8310:Πληθυντικός ευγενείας
7738:(apüna-apunikoi mat)
6330:, mostly replaced by
2747:increasingly uncommon
1297:1960s youth rebellion
1281:Further information:
1193:distinction emerged.
1170:was more common than
10280:at Wikimedia Commons
9971:Early Modern English
9671:Fagyal et al. p. 268
9196:אַריבערגיין אױף דו (
9119:تو تکار (tu tukaar)
8662:o senhor / a senhora
8623:mówić per pan / pani
8501:말을 놓다 (mareul notta)
8303:Μιλώ στον πληθυντικό
8161:vousoyer / voussoyer
6865:(postpositive only)
6315:, addressing women)
6289:, addressing women)
5753:Brazilian Portuguese
4910:(northern dialect),
4898:(when pronounced as
4042:panjenengan sedanten
2811:Early Modern English
2749:, very rarely used)
1414:Lei, signor Vincenzo
1151:texts, the pronouns
924:Early Modern English
837:Early Middle English
528:Superior has choice
340:In classical Latin,
306:improve this section
296:may not represent a
147:Early Modern English
10758:Relative subsective
10651:Regular / Irregular
10496:Andative / Venitive
10332:Abstract / Concrete
10126:. pp. 253–276.
9967:Late Middle English
9818:("your graces") or
9548:Vices & Virtues
7991:(used very rarely)
7859:(more like adverb)
7853:(more like adverb)
7754:(apüna-apuni kora)
7687:
6009:) the unmarked norm
4037:ꦥꦚ꧀ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦔꦤ꧀ꦰꦼꦢꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀
3287:, eastern dialect)
2914:Late Modern English
2170:Azerbaijani (Azeri)
1337:Swedish both had a
762:Changes in progress
626:William Shakespeare
622:Christopher Marlowe
391:-form but expect a
374:grammatical persons
141:, but the familiar
11187:Grammatical number
10317:and their features
10315:Lexical categories
10220:. John Benjamins.
9693:. 29 October 1999.
9323:on 25 January 2021
9098:викання (vykannia)
9088:тикання (tykannia)
8726:обращаться на "вы"
8701:обращаться на "ты"
8689:plural de politeţe
7773:(neuter / formal)
7677:
6530:(dual and plural)
6302:, addressing men)
6276:, addressing men)
5768:, oblique form of
5745:vossas excelências
2242:(very respectful)
1093:(Northern) England
784:are in decline in
740:Society of Friends
165:or whether to use
47:possibly contains
11172:Personal pronouns
11154:
11153:
10959:Casally modulated
10864:Formal / Informal
10753:Pure intersective
10703:Anti-intersective
10689:
10688:
10636:Preterite-present
10276:Media related to
10208:978-0-19-925591-7
10168:978-1-139-45956-3
10139:. Overlook Press.
10122:. Cambridge, MA:
10120:Style in Language
9724:978-3-11-017149-5
9570:cite encyclopedia
9387:978-90-272-0316-8
9211:
9210:
9046:siz diye çağırmak
9037:sen diye çağırmak
8940:tykaś (se) {lit.}
8910:wy rěkać / prajić
8525:높임말 (nopphim mal)
8505:반말하다 (banmalhada)
8424:(intransitive) /
8219:tratar de vostede
7857:на "Вие" na "Vie"
7801:(āpni-āgge kôrā)
7736:আপোনা-আপুনিকৈ মাত
7658:
7657:
6751:Equatorial Guinea
6346:
5714:
5588:
5549:
4316:
4300:
3631:
3614:
3168:(show deference)
3141:(show deference)
2679:
2662:
1433:Usage in language
1426:Lei, signor Rossi
1033:. Unlike earlier
1000:disappeared from
732:French Revolution
728:
727:
606:
605:
495:
494:
491:Low-class friend
488:High-class friend
455:Low-class friend
452:High-class friend
413:Early Middle Ages
362:in Constantinople
338:
337:
330:
92:
91:
84:
49:original research
16:(Redirected from
11204:
11177:Sociolinguistics
10733:Non-intersective
10416:
10308:
10301:
10294:
10285:
10275:
10260:
10250:
10248:
10246:
10241:
10231:
10212:
10196:
10185:
10184:. Penguin Books.
10183:
10172:
10149:
10148:. Penguin Books.
10140:
10138:
10127:
10114:
10101:
10078:
10077:
10045:
10039:
10036:
10027:
10024:
10018:
10016:
10009:
10000:
9997:
9991:
9988:
9982:
9963:
9952:
9938:
9931:
9925:
9923:
9917:
9911:
9905:
9899:
9893:
9886:
9880:
9874:
9868:
9862:
9856:
9851:
9846:, which is from
9840:
9834:
9831:
9825:
9823:
9817:
9812:, terms such as
9802:
9796:
9794:
9788:
9782:
9776:
9761:
9755:
9752:
9741:
9735:
9729:
9728:
9708:
9695:
9694:
9689:(in Icelandic).
9683:
9672:
9669:
9663:
9660:
9654:
9647:
9641:
9640:
9618:
9612:
9609:
9603:
9592:
9586:
9585:
9579:
9575:
9573:
9565:
9563:
9540:
9538:
9533:
9517:
9511:
9496:
9490:
9489:
9487:
9485:
9468:
9459:
9456:
9450:
9447:
9441:
9438:
9432:
9425:
9419:
9416:
9410:
9407:
9401:
9398:
9392:
9391:
9373:
9367:
9366:
9354:
9348:
9347:
9339:
9333:
9332:
9330:
9328:
9322:
9316:. Archived from
9315:
9289:
9280:
9274:
9271:
9265:
9259:
9198:aribergeyn af du
8835:викање (vikanje)
8825:тикање (tikanje)
8777:
8771:
8770:
8761:
8755:
8754:
8744:
8738:
8737:
8719:
8713:
8712:
8471:menggunakan Anda
8469:(intransitive);
8458:menggunakan kamu
8456:(intransitive);
7875:tractar de vostè
7807:(very informal)
7688:
7653:
7647:
7646:
7639:
7633:
7626:
7620:
7619:
7612:
7606:
7598:
7592:
7578:
7571:
7546:
7525:
7519:
7512:
7506:
7486:
7428:
7423:
7416:
7411:
7404:
7399:
7393:
7388:
7381:
7376:
7361:
7355:
7347:
7341:
7330:
7324:
7316:
7310:
7299:, consultative,
7298:
7292:
7285:
7279:
7264:
7258:
7243:
7237:
7236:
7229:
7223:
7222:
7215:
7209:
7203:
7197:
7189:
7183:
7169:
7162:
7155:
7148:
7128:
7121:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7072:
7066:
7065:
7058:
7052:
7044:
7038:
7023:
7017:
7016:
7009:
7003:
7002:
6995:
6989:
6981:
6975:
6960:
6954:
6948:
6942:
6941:
6934:
6928:
6920:
6914:
6906:
6900:
6886:
6879:
6843:
6837:
6777:
6771:
6747:Peninsular Spain
6682:
6676:
6649:
6614:
6572:
6529:
6514:
6455:
6420:
6419:
6413:
6406:
6399:
6385:
6379:
6372:
6366:
6359:
6353:
6337:
6335:
6329:
6314:
6308:
6301:
6295:
6294:
6288:
6282:
6275:
6269:
6261:
6255:
6249:
6243:
6242:
6235:
6229:
6222:
6216:
6208:
6202:
6195:
6189:
6183:
6163:
6157:
6145:
6139:
6132:
6126:
6111:
6105:
6104:
6097:
6091:
6083:
6077:
6069:
6063:
6049:not capitalised
6046:
6040:
6039:
6033:not capitalised
6030:
6024:
6023:
6016:
6015:
6008:
6002:
5994:
5988:
5970:domniile voastre
5907:
5900:
5893:
5886:
5871:
5866:
5860:
5853:
5848:
5842:
5835:
5830:
5824:
5817:
5812:
5806:
5779:
5774:, combined with
5747:
5741:
5735:
5708:
5702:
5690:
5687:
5681:
5675:
5669:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5645:
5643:vossa excelência
5633:
5627:
5586:
5580:
5547:
5516:
5510:
5505:
5499:
5492:
5487:
5480:
5475:
5468:
5463:
5449:
5444:
5437:
5432:
5425:
5420:
5413:
5408:
5402:
5397:
5319:
5269:
5263:
5255:
5249:
5241:
5235:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5209:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5182:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5162:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5143:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5123:
5108:
5103:
5096:
5091:
5090:
5084:
5079:
5078:
5071:
5066:
5059:
5054:
5047:
5042:
5027:
5021:
5013:
5007:
4999:
4993:
4985:
4979:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4636:
4630:
4622:
4616:
4608:
4602:
4594:
4588:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4545:
4539:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4518:
4512:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4343:
4338:
4329:
4323:
4314:
4312:
4306:
4298:
4293:
4287:
4272:
4266:
4258:
4252:
4244:
4238:
4230:
4224:
4209:
4203:
4196:
4190:
4182:
4176:
4169:
4163:
4155:
4149:
4142:
4136:
4128:
4122:
4107:
4101:
4093:
4087:
4079:
4073:
4065:
4059:
4038:
4026:
4014:
4003:
3991:
3980:
3850:
3767:(very uncommon)
3674:
3668:
3660:
3654:
3646:
3640:
3629:
3626:
3620:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3587:
3581:
3573:
3567:
3559:
3553:
3545:
3539:
3524:
3518:
3510:
3504:
3496:
3490:
3482:
3476:
3453:
3424:
3405:
3377:
3371:
3363:
3357:
3349:
3343:
3335:
3329:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2668:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2640:
2634:
2625:Mandarin Chinese
2568:
2562:
2554:
2548:
2540:
2534:
2526:
2520:
2470:
2464:
2456:
2450:
2442:
2436:
2428:
2422:
2407:
2401:
2393:
2387:
2381:; very informal)
2380:
2374:
2366:
2360:
2352:
2346:
2340:; very informal)
2339:
2333:
2318:
2312:
2304:
2298:
2290:
2284:
2276:
2270:
2163:
2157:
2149:
2143:
2136:
2130:
2122:
2116:
2108:
2102:
2095:
2089:
2074:
2068:
2061:
2055:
2047:
2041:
2034:
2028:
2020:
2014:
2007:
2001:
1993:
1987:
1980:
1974:
1886:
1875:
1863:
1852:
1843:
1831:
1825:
1813:
1807:
1791:
1785:
1776:
1770:
1762:
1756:
1748:
1742:
1733:
1727:
1715:
1709:
1698:
1692:
1579:
1559:
1549:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1519:
1513:
1503:
1469:
1460:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1307:, Norwegian and
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1225:Étienne Pasquier
1206:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1039:African-American
1002:Standard English
853:
847:
783:
774:
724:Younger sibling
667:
602:Younger sibling
584:
577:
570:
563:
556:
525:
470:
463:
435:
426:
420:
351:
345:
333:
326:
322:
319:
313:
289:
288:
281:
231:
225:
122:sociolinguistics
87:
80:
76:
73:
67:
64:inline citations
40:
39:
32:
21:
11212:
11211:
11207:
11206:
11205:
11203:
11202:
11201:
11157:
11156:
11155:
11150:
11049:
11011:
10973:
10945:
10873:Gender-specific
10820:
10767:
10685:
10571:Germanic strong
10479:
10405:
10318:
10312:
10278:T–V distinction
10268:
10263:
10253:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10234:
10228:
10215:
10209:
10188:
10175:
10169:
10152:
10143:
10130:
10117:
10104:
10091:
10087:
10082:
10081:
10047:
10046:
10042:
10037:
10030:
10025:
10021:
10010:
10003:
9998:
9994:
9989:
9985:
9964:
9955:
9932:
9928:
9912:). In the past
9887:
9883:
9841:
9837:
9832:
9828:
9803:
9799:
9762:
9758:
9753:
9744:
9736:
9732:
9725:
9710:
9709:
9698:
9685:
9684:
9675:
9670:
9666:
9661:
9657:
9648:
9644:
9637:
9620:
9619:
9615:
9610:
9606:
9593:
9589:
9576:
9566:
9536:
9534:
9519:
9518:
9514:
9507:Eesti Päevaleht
9497:
9493:
9483:
9481:
9470:
9469:
9462:
9457:
9453:
9448:
9444:
9439:
9435:
9426:
9422:
9417:
9413:
9408:
9404:
9399:
9395:
9388:
9375:
9374:
9370:
9356:
9355:
9351:
9341:
9340:
9336:
9326:
9324:
9320:
9287:
9282:
9281:
9277:
9273:Giglioli p. 217
9272:
9268:
9260:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9236:Pluractionality
9216:
9195:
9182:
9169:
9163:
9101:
9091:
9081:
9078:викати (vykaty)
9071:
9068:тикати (tykaty)
8833:
8823:
8815:викати (vikati)
8813:
8808:
8800:тикати (tikati)
8798:
8793:
8732:
8728:
8707:
8703:
8628:mówienie per ty
8615:
8489:penggunaan Anda
8480:penggunaan kamu
8323:(tūtaɽāk karnā)
8298:Μιλώ στον ενικό
7909:(chēng(hū) nín)
7851:на "ти" na "ti"
7774:
7752:আপোনা-আপুনি কৰা
7730:তোমা-তুমিকৈ মাত
7663:
7628:
7520:(preferred) or
7507:(preferred) or
7494:(preferred) or
7336:
7287:
7274:
6859:
6732:(the Americas)
6723:(literary use)
6578:Sorbian (upper)
6536:Sorbian (lower)
6516:
6509:
6496:
6477:
6336:
6303:
6290:
6277:
6237:
6224:
6197:
6134:
6048:
6032:
6010:
5722:
5689:
5579:
5572:
5565:
5546:
5539:
5403:
5098:
5061:
4810:
4804:
4779:
4768:
4534:
4504:
4484:
4457:
4430:
4417:
4387:
4301:
4198:
4171:
4144:
4036:
4024:
4012:
4011:
4001:
3989:
3988:
3978:
3908:
3845:
3818:
3817:(more familiar)
3720:
3698:
3448:
3419:
3400:
3209:Scottish Gaelic
3156:
3129:
3031:
3018:
3005:
2992:
2898:
2875:
2852:
2827:
2779:
2674:
2614:
2592:
2382:
2341:
2236:
2221:
2200:
2138:
2097:
2063:
2036:
2009:
1982:
1960:(Ansó dialect)
1954:
1940:
1933:
1915:
1892:
1881:
1858:
1844:
1819:
1780:
1778:
1737:
1735:
1704:
1617:
1574:nominative case
1570:
1568:Nominative case
1446:
1441:
1435:
1378:
1351:
1318:The use of the
1285:
1279:
1257:
1145:
1076:
1072:
1056:
1052:
1004:, although the
829:
824:
818:
790:social equality
764:
653:
582:
575:
568:
561:
554:
500:
468:
461:
409:
376:, such as the "
334:
323:
317:
314:
303:
290:
286:
279:
273:
216:, based on the
206:
96:T–V distinction
88:
77:
71:
68:
53:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11210:
11208:
11200:
11199:
11194:
11189:
11184:
11179:
11174:
11169:
11159:
11158:
11152:
11151:
11149:
11148:
11143:
11138:
11133:
11132:
11131:
11117:
11115:Procedure word
11112:
11107:
11106:
11105:
11100:
11090:
11085:
11080:
11075:
11073:Complementizer
11070:
11069:
11068:
11057:
11055:
11051:
11050:
11048:
11047:
11042:
11037:
11032:
11027:
11021:
11019:
11013:
11012:
11010:
11009:
11004:
10999:
10994:
10989:
10983:
10981:
10975:
10974:
10972:
10971:
10966:
10961:
10955:
10953:
10947:
10946:
10944:
10943:
10930:
10925:
10920:
10915:
10910:
10905:
10900:
10895:
10890:
10885:
10880:
10875:
10869:Gender-neutral
10866:
10861:
10856:
10851:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10834:Bound variable
10830:
10828:
10822:
10821:
10819:
10818:
10813:
10808:
10803:
10798:
10793:
10788:
10783:
10777:
10775:
10769:
10768:
10766:
10765:
10760:
10755:
10750:
10745:
10740:
10735:
10730:
10725:
10720:
10715:
10710:
10705:
10699:
10697:
10691:
10690:
10687:
10686:
10684:
10683:
10678:
10673:
10668:
10663:
10658:
10653:
10648:
10643:
10638:
10633:
10628:
10623:
10618:
10613:
10608:
10603:
10598:
10593:
10588:
10583:
10578:
10573:
10568:
10563:
10558:
10553:
10548:
10543:
10538:
10533:
10528:
10523:
10518:
10513:
10508:
10503:
10498:
10493:
10491:Ambitransitive
10487:
10485:
10481:
10480:
10478:
10477:
10472:
10467:
10462:
10457:
10452:
10447:
10442:
10433:
10428:
10422:
10420:
10413:
10407:
10406:
10404:
10403:
10398:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10374:
10369:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10328:
10326:
10320:
10319:
10313:
10311:
10310:
10303:
10296:
10288:
10282:
10281:
10267:
10266:External links
10264:
10262:
10261:
10251:
10232:
10226:
10213:
10207:
10186:
10173:
10167:
10150:
10141:
10128:
10115:
10102:
10094:"Dites-moi tu"
10088:
10086:
10083:
10080:
10079:
10040:
10028:
10019:
10001:
9992:
9983:
9953:
9951:= "you people"
9933:From obsolete
9926:
9881:
9835:
9826:
9797:
9756:
9742:
9730:
9723:
9696:
9673:
9664:
9655:
9642:
9635:
9613:
9604:
9587:
9546:1225 (▸c1200)
9512:
9491:
9460:
9451:
9442:
9433:
9420:
9411:
9402:
9393:
9386:
9368:
9349:
9334:
9298:(4): 631–652.
9275:
9266:
9253:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9244:
9239:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9209:
9208:
9201:
9188:
9183:זײַן אױף איר (
9175:
9170:זײַן פּער דו (
9156:
9150:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9106:
9105:
9095:
9085:
9075:
9065:
9059:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9039:
9030:
9024:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8997:
8996:
8991:
8982:
8977:
8968:
8962:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8942:
8933:
8927:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8907:
8898:
8892:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8865:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8838:
8837:
8827:
8817:
8802:
8787:
8781:
8780:
8764:
8748:
8723:
8698:
8692:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8665:
8664:
8659:
8656:
8647:
8642:
8636:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8610:
8604:
8603:
8598:
8593:
8588:
8583:
8577:
8576:
8574:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8556:
8555:
8553:
8548:
8546:
8541:
8535:
8534:
8522:
8517:
8507:
8498:
8492:
8491:
8482:
8473:
8465:(transitive);
8460:
8452:(transitive);
8447:
8441:
8440:
8438:
8429:
8419:
8413:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8386:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8359:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8332:
8331:
8329:
8327:
8325:
8319:
8313:
8312:
8307:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8289:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8262:
8261:
8252:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8205:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8182:Frisian (West)
8178:
8177:
8173:; very rarely
8168:
8163:
8159:; very rarely
8154:
8149:
8143:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8116:
8115:
8113:
8111:
8106:
8097:
8091:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8064:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8037:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8020:
8014:
8008:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7974:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7947:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7920:
7919:
7917:
7915:
7905:
7899:(chēng(hū) nǐ)
7895:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7861:
7860:
7854:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7832:
7831:
7829:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7802:
7799:আপনি-আজ্ঞে করা
7796:
7790:
7784:
7783:
7781:
7779:
7778:(very formal)
7768:
7762:
7756:
7755:
7749:
7739:
7733:
7723:
7717:
7716:
7710:
7704:
7698:
7692:
7662:
7659:
7656:
7655:
7641:
7614:
7600:
7586:
7580:
7579:
7572:
7565:
7558:
7534:
7527:
7526:
7513:
7500:
7487:
7474:
7465:
7464:
7457:
7450:
7443:
7436:
7430:
7429:
7417:
7405:
7382:
7370:
7364:
7363:
7349:
7318:
7304:
7252:
7246:
7245:
7231:
7217:
7191:
7177:
7171:
7170:
7163:
7156:
7149:
7142:
7136:
7135:
7122:
7115:
7102:
7095:
7089:
7088:
7074:
7060:
7046:
7032:
7026:
7025:
7011:
6997:
6983:
6969:
6963:
6962:
6936:
6922:
6908:
6894:
6888:
6887:
6880:
6873:
6866:
6852:
6846:
6845:
6844:(rarely used)
6831:
6818:
6800:
6787:
6781:
6780:
6759:
6725:
6692:(most common)
6685:
6664:(most common)
6657:
6651:
6650:
6643:
6636:
6629:
6622:
6616:
6615:
6608:
6594:
6587:
6580:
6574:
6573:
6566:
6552:
6545:
6538:
6532:
6531:
6523:
6484:
6470:
6463:
6457:
6456:
6449:
6442:
6435:
6428:
6422:
6421:
6414:
6407:
6400:
6393:
6391:Serbo-Croatian
6387:
6386:
6373:
6360:
6347:
6323:
6317:
6316:
6263:
6210:
6177:
6120:
6114:
6113:
6099:
6085:
6071:
6057:
6051:
6050:
6034:
6018:
5996:
5982:
5976:
5975:
5959:
5952:
5922:
5915:
5909:
5908:
5901:
5894:
5887:
5880:
5873:
5872:
5854:
5836:
5818:
5800:
5794:
5793:
5786:
5755:
5749:
5748:
5729:
5715:
5615:
5608:
5590:
5589:
5557:
5550:
5531:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5493:
5481:
5469:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5438:
5426:
5414:
5391:
5385:
5384:
5370:
5357:
5343:
5335:
5334:
5320:
5307:
5293:
5280:
5272:
5271:
5257:
5243:
5229:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5176:
5156:
5137:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5085:
5073:
5048:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5015:
5001:
4987:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4917:
4885:
4859:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4797:
4790:
4761:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4624:
4610:
4596:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4561:
4547:
4520:
4506:
4498:
4497:
4470:
4443:
4403:
4389:
4381:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4331:
4317:
4295:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4260:
4246:
4232:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4184:
4157:
4130:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4095:
4081:
4067:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4034:
4022:
3999:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3934:
3927:
3901:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3851:(less common)
3838:
3831:
3824:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3760:
3753:
3741:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3712:
3705:
3690:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3662:
3648:
3634:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3575:
3561:
3547:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3512:
3498:
3484:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3441:
3434:
3393:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3365:
3351:
3337:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3295:
3288:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3253:
3239:
3225:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3174:Frisian (west)
3170:
3169:
3149:
3142:
3122:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3086:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3024:
3011:
2998:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2886:
2863:
2840:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2757:
2750:
2738:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2656:
2642:
2628:
2621:
2620:
2606:
2599:
2584:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2556:
2542:
2528:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2458:
2444:
2430:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2395:
2368:
2354:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2306:
2292:
2278:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2228:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2151:
2124:
2110:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2049:
2022:
1995:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1947:
1926:
1908:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1869:
1846:
1837:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1764:
1750:
1721:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1598:second-person
1596:
1593:
1588:second-person
1586:
1583:
1569:
1566:
1445:
1442:
1437:Main article:
1434:
1431:
1377:
1374:
1350:
1347:
1278:
1275:
1256:
1253:
1144:
1141:
994:Paston Letters
978:
977:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
948:
947:
940:
937:
878:Middle English
828:
825:
820:Main article:
817:
814:
763:
760:
726:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
709:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
692:
691:
690:Elder sibling
688:
685:
682:
679:
675:
674:
671:
652:
651:Modern history
649:
604:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
587:
586:
579:
572:
565:
558:
550:
549:
548:Elder sibling
546:
543:
540:
537:
533:
532:
529:
499:
496:
493:
492:
489:
486:
483:
479:
478:
475:
472:
465:
457:
456:
453:
450:
447:
443:
442:
439:
438:Unequal power
408:
405:
370:Pope Gregory I
354:Roman emperors
336:
335:
300:of the subject
298:worldwide view
293:
291:
284:
272:
269:
205:
202:
201:
200:
197:
90:
89:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11209:
11198:
11195:
11193:
11190:
11188:
11185:
11183:
11180:
11178:
11175:
11173:
11170:
11168:
11165:
11164:
11162:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11137:
11134:
11130:
11126:
11123:
11122:
11121:
11118:
11116:
11113:
11111:
11108:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11095:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11081:
11079:
11076:
11074:
11071:
11067:
11064:
11063:
11062:
11059:
11058:
11056:
11052:
11046:
11043:
11041:
11038:
11036:
11033:
11031:
11030:Interrogative
11028:
11026:
11023:
11022:
11020:
11018:
11014:
11008:
11005:
11003:
11000:
10998:
10997:Interrogative
10995:
10993:
10992:Demonstrative
10990:
10988:
10985:
10984:
10982:
10980:
10976:
10970:
10967:
10965:
10962:
10960:
10957:
10956:
10954:
10952:
10948:
10942:
10941:Prepositional
10938:
10934:
10931:
10929:
10928:Strong / Weak
10926:
10924:
10921:
10919:
10916:
10914:
10911:
10909:
10906:
10904:
10901:
10899:
10896:
10894:
10893:Interrogative
10891:
10889:
10886:
10884:
10881:
10879:
10876:
10874:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10840:
10839:Demonstrative
10837:
10835:
10832:
10831:
10829:
10827:
10823:
10817:
10814:
10812:
10809:
10807:
10806:Prepositional
10804:
10802:
10799:
10797:
10796:Interrogative
10794:
10792:
10789:
10787:
10784:
10782:
10779:
10778:
10776:
10774:
10770:
10764:
10761:
10759:
10756:
10754:
10751:
10749:
10746:
10744:
10741:
10739:
10736:
10734:
10731:
10729:
10726:
10724:
10721:
10719:
10718:Demonstrative
10716:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10704:
10701:
10700:
10698:
10696:
10692:
10682:
10679:
10677:
10674:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10622:
10619:
10617:
10614:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10602:
10599:
10597:
10594:
10592:
10589:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10576:Germanic weak
10574:
10572:
10569:
10567:
10566:Frequentative
10564:
10562:
10559:
10557:
10554:
10552:
10549:
10547:
10544:
10542:
10539:
10537:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10507:
10506:Autocausative
10504:
10502:
10501:Anticausative
10499:
10497:
10494:
10492:
10489:
10488:
10486:
10482:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10470:Transgressive
10468:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10446:
10443:
10441:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10424:
10423:
10421:
10417:
10414:
10412:
10408:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10329:
10327:
10325:
10321:
10316:
10309:
10304:
10302:
10297:
10295:
10290:
10289:
10286:
10279:
10274:
10270:
10269:
10265:
10258:
10257:
10252:
10238:
10233:
10229:
10227:1-58811-310-8
10223:
10219:
10214:
10210:
10204:
10200:
10195:
10194:
10187:
10182:
10181:
10174:
10170:
10164:
10160:
10156:
10151:
10147:
10142:
10137:
10136:
10129:
10125:
10121:
10116:
10112:
10108:
10103:
10099:
10095:
10090:
10089:
10084:
10075:
10071:
10067:
10063:
10059:
10055:
10051:
10044:
10041:
10035:
10033:
10029:
10023:
10020:
10015:
10008:
10006:
10002:
9996:
9993:
9987:
9984:
9980:
9976:
9972:
9968:
9962:
9960:
9958:
9954:
9950:
9949:
9944:
9943:
9937:
9930:
9927:
9922:
9916:
9910:
9904:
9898:
9892:
9885:
9882:
9878:
9873:
9867:
9861:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9839:
9836:
9830:
9827:
9822:
9816:
9811:
9807:
9801:
9798:
9793:
9787:
9781:
9775:
9770:
9766:
9760:
9757:
9751:
9749:
9747:
9743:
9740:
9734:
9731:
9726:
9720:
9716:
9715:
9707:
9705:
9703:
9701:
9697:
9692:
9688:
9682:
9680:
9678:
9674:
9668:
9665:
9659:
9656:
9652:
9646:
9643:
9638:
9636:9781139442381
9632:
9628:
9624:
9617:
9614:
9608:
9605:
9601:
9597:
9591:
9588:
9583:
9571:
9564:
9562:
9560:
9553:
9549:
9545:
9532:
9531:
9528:
9524:
9516:
9513:
9509:
9508:
9503:
9502:
9495:
9492:
9480:
9479:
9474:
9467:
9465:
9461:
9455:
9452:
9446:
9443:
9437:
9434:
9430:
9424:
9421:
9415:
9412:
9406:
9403:
9397:
9394:
9389:
9383:
9379:
9372:
9369:
9365:(3): 395–409.
9364:
9360:
9353:
9350:
9345:
9338:
9335:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9305:
9301:
9297:
9293:
9286:
9279:
9276:
9270:
9267:
9263:
9258:
9255:
9248:
9243:
9240:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9218:
9213:
9206:
9202:
9199:
9193:
9189:
9186:
9180:
9176:
9173:
9167:
9164:זײַן אױף דו (
9161:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9151:
9148:
9147:galw chi ar X
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9137:galw chi ar X
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9124:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9107:
9104:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9060:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9025:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8998:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8963:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8931:Lower Sorbian
8929:
8928:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8896:Upper Sorbian
8894:
8893:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8866:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8839:
8836:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8782:
8779:
8776:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8749:
8747:(colloquial)
8746:
8743:
8731:
8727:
8724:
8722:(colloquial)
8721:
8718:
8706:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8693:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8666:
8663:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8637:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8618:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8605:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8515:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8493:
8490:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8468:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8455:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8433:
8430:
8427:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8414:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8387:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8360:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8326:
8324:
8321:तूतड़ाक करना
8320:
8318:
8315:
8314:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8290:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8276:Siezis machen
8274:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8263:
8260:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8228:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8206:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8179:
8176:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8144:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8110:
8109:at siga tygum
8107:
8105:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8092:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8038:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8024:
8021:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8009:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7990:
7986:
7982:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7948:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7914:
7910:
7906:
7904:
7900:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7862:
7858:
7855:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7809:
7806:
7803:
7800:
7797:
7794:
7793:তুইতোকারি করা
7791:
7789:
7786:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7772:
7769:
7767:(very close)
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7757:
7753:
7750:
7747:
7746:তোমা-তুমি কৰা
7743:
7740:
7737:
7734:
7731:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7714:
7708:
7702:
7696:
7689:
7685:
7681:
7675:
7672:
7668:
7660:
7652:
7642:
7638:
7632:
7625:
7615:
7611:
7605:
7601:
7597:
7591:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7577:
7573:
7570:
7566:
7564:
7563:
7559:
7556:
7552:
7551:
7545:
7540:
7539:
7535:
7533:
7529:
7528:
7524:
7518:
7514:
7511:
7505:
7501:
7499:
7498:
7493:
7492:
7488:
7485:
7480:
7479:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7467:
7466:
7463:
7462:
7458:
7456:
7455:
7451:
7449:
7448:
7444:
7442:
7441:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7431:
7427:
7422:
7418:
7415:
7410:
7406:
7403:
7398:
7392:
7387:
7383:
7380:
7375:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7365:
7360:
7354:
7350:
7346:
7340:
7334:
7329:
7323:
7319:
7315:
7309:
7305:
7302:
7297:
7291:
7284:
7278:
7272:
7268:
7263:
7257:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7242:
7232:
7228:
7218:
7214:
7208:
7202:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7182:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7172:
7168:
7164:
7161:
7157:
7154:
7150:
7147:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7137:
7134:
7133:
7127:
7123:
7120:
7116:
7114:
7113:
7108:
7107:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7090:
7085:
7075:
7071:
7061:
7057:
7051:
7047:
7043:
7037:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7027:
7022:
7012:
7008:
6998:
6994:
6988:
6984:
6980:
6974:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6959:
6953:
6947:
6937:
6933:
6927:
6923:
6919:
6913:
6909:
6905:
6899:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6878:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6867:
6864:
6863:
6858:
6857:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6842:
6836:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6824:
6823:
6819:
6816:
6812:
6811:
6806:
6805:
6801:
6799:
6798:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6779:
6776:
6770:
6765:
6764:
6760:
6758:
6756:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6743:
6738:
6737:
6731:
6730:
6726:
6724:
6722:
6721:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6703:
6698:
6696:
6691:
6690:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6680:el otro usted
6675:
6670:
6668:
6663:
6662:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6648:
6644:
6642:
6641:
6637:
6635:
6634:
6630:
6628:
6627:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6613:
6609:
6606:
6605:
6600:
6599:
6595:
6593:
6592:
6588:
6586:
6585:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6558:
6557:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6546:
6544:
6543:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6528:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6513:
6507:
6506:
6501:
6500:
6494:
6490:
6489:
6485:
6483:(protocolar)
6482:
6481:
6476:
6475:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6443:
6441:
6440:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6415:
6412:
6408:
6405:
6401:
6398:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6388:
6384:
6378:
6374:
6371:
6365:
6361:
6358:
6352:
6348:
6345:
6341:
6334:
6328:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6313:
6307:
6300:
6287:
6281:
6274:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6254:
6248:
6234:
6228:
6221:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6201:
6194:
6188:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6169:
6168:
6162:
6156:
6151:
6150:
6144:
6138:
6131:
6125:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6115:
6110:
6100:
6096:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6062:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6045:
6035:
6029:
6019:
6007:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5987:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5963:dumneavoastră
5960:
5958:
5957:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5928:
5927:
5926:dumneavoastră
5923:
5921:
5920:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5888:
5885:
5881:
5878:
5875:
5874:
5870:
5865:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5847:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5829:
5823:
5819:
5816:
5811:
5805:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5778:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5766:
5761:
5760:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5707:
5701:
5696:
5695:
5686:
5680:
5674:
5668:
5662:
5656:
5650:
5644:
5639:
5638:
5632:
5626:
5621:
5620:
5614:
5613:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5585:
5577:
5576:
5570:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5551:
5544:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5515:
5509:
5504:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5474:
5470:
5467:
5462:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5448:
5443:
5439:
5436:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5407:
5401:
5396:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5362:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5325:
5321:
5318:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5285:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5220:
5214:
5208:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5187:
5181:
5177:
5167:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5142:
5138:
5128:
5122:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5095:
5086:
5083:
5074:
5070:
5065:
5058:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5041:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4953:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4828:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4562:
4558:
4548:
4544:
4538:
4531:
4521:
4517:
4511:
4507:
4505:(S. Kurdish)
4503:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4481:
4471:
4467:
4454:
4444:
4440:
4427:
4414:
4404:
4400:
4390:
4388:(N. Kurdish)
4386:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4328:
4322:
4318:
4311:
4305:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4195:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4168:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4141:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4009:
4008:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3986:
3985:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3848:Anda sekalian
3844:
3843:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3750:very uncommon
3747:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3625:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3404:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2598:(respectful)
2597:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2379:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2338:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2094:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2033:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2006:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1732:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1443:
1440:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:Western Hindi
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1187:Middle French
1183:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1150:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:and parts of
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1068:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
975:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
955:
954:
952:
945:
941:
938:
935:
934:
933:
931:
927:
925:
921:
920:David Crystal
917:
915:
911:
908:as the usual
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:Norman French
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:
857:
852:
846:
841:
840:second person
838:
834:
826:
823:
815:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
782:
778:
773:
769:
761:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
710:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
693:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
676:
668:
665:
663:
659:
650:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
588:
580:
573:
566:
559:
552:
551:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
534:
526:
523:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
497:
490:
487:
484:
481:
480:
476:
473:
466:
459:
458:
454:
451:
448:
445:
444:
436:
433:
431:
425:
419:
414:
406:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
384:
382:
381:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
344:
332:
329:
321:
318:November 2021
311:
307:
301:
299:
292:
283:
282:
278:
270:
268:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
238:Albert Gilman
235:
230:
224:
219:
215:
211:
203:
198:
195:
194:
193:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
175:
170:
169:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:
130:
125:
123:
119:
115:
114:
109:
108:
104:
101:
97:
86:
83:
75:
72:February 2019
65:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
11129:Pro-sentence
11103:Onomatopoeia
11093:Interjection
11066:Measure word
10863:
10849:Distributive
10743:Postpositive
10723:Intersective
10676:Unaccusative
10621:Performative
10591:Intransitive
10551:Ditransitive
10377:Noun adjunct
10254:
10243:. Retrieved
10217:
10192:
10179:
10154:
10145:
10134:
10119:
10110:
10100:(in French).
10097:
10057:
10053:
10043:
10022:
9995:
9986:
9978:
9974:
9929:
9884:
9838:
9829:
9800:
9759:
9733:
9713:
9691:Morgunblaðið
9667:
9658:
9650:
9645:
9626:
9616:
9607:
9599:
9595:
9590:
9558:
9551:
9547:
9543:
9542:
9535:. Retrieved
9530:
9526:
9522:
9515:
9505:
9499:
9494:
9482:. Retrieved
9476:
9454:
9445:
9436:
9423:
9414:
9405:
9396:
9377:
9371:
9362:
9358:
9352:
9343:
9337:
9325:. Retrieved
9318:the original
9313:11343/129713
9295:
9291:
9278:
9269:
9261:
9257:
9204:
9197:
9191:
9184:
9178:
9171:
9165:
9159:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9041:
9036:
9032:
9020:
9015:
9010:
9005:
8993:
8988:
8984:
8979:
8974:
8970:
8958:
8953:
8949:wykaś {lit.}
8948:
8944:
8939:
8935:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8909:
8904:
8900:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8766:
8750:
8733:
8730:быть на "вы"
8729:
8725:
8708:
8705:быть на "ты"
8704:
8700:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8661:
8653:
8649:
8644:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8616:
8613:mówić per ty
8612:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8569:
8564:
8550:
8543:
8532:(jondaemmal)
8528:
8524:
8519:
8513:
8509:
8504:
8500:
8488:
8484:
8479:
8475:
8470:
8466:
8462:
8457:
8453:
8449:
8436:dare del Voi
8435:
8432:dare del Lei
8431:
8425:
8421:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8322:
8309:
8302:
8297:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8271:Duzis machen
8270:
8266:Swiss German
8258:
8254:
8249:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8218:
8214:tratar de ti
8213:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8174:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8156:
8151:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8108:
8103:
8099:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8033:
8028:
8022:
8016:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7988:
7984:
7980:
7976:
7960:
7955:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7912:
7908:
7902:
7898:
7883:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7856:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7824:
7819:
7804:
7798:
7792:
7775:
7770:
7764:
7751:
7745:
7741:
7735:
7729:
7725:
7712:
7706:
7700:
7694:
7683:
7679:
7670:
7666:
7664:
7640:, regional)
7532:(colloquial)
7332:
7300:
7270:
7266:
6766:
6733:
6699:
6694:
6693:
6671:
6666:
6665:
6250:, dual) and
6171:
6165:
6147:
5967:
5938:
5930:
5606:Asia-Pacific
5538:(to a woman)
4867:
4855:
4830:(standard),
4786:
4775:
3921:
3915:
3628:
3615:
3611:
3468:Modern Greek
3459:
3455:
3430:
3426:
3413:
3407:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2905:
2894:
2882:
2871:
2859:
2848:
2834:
2821:
2150:; familiar)
2109:; familiar)
1888:
1877:
1865:
1854:
1833:
1815:
1717:
1700:
1571:
1561:
1551:
1521:
1505:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1464:
1455:
1447:
1402:Tu, Vincenzo
1379:
1376:Use of names
1366:
1352:
1343:third person
1338:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1317:
1300:
1288:
1286:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1146:
1129:Philadelphia
1113:South Africa
1048:
1047:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1012:began using
1005:
997:
989:
985:
981:
979:
973:
950:
949:
943:
929:
928:
926:usage thus:
918:
913:
909:
905:
901:
893:
876:exists in a
873:
869:
865:
859:
855:
830:
786:social media
765:
755:
751:
747:
743:
735:
729:
661:
657:
654:
644:
640:
636:
632:
630:
607:
583:
576:
569:
562:
555:
521:
516:
512:
508:
504:
501:
469:
462:
441:Equal power
429:
410:
400:
396:
392:
388:
385:
379:
357:
339:
324:
315:
295:
264:
260:
256:
254:
249:
245:
213:
209:
207:
191:
182:
178:
172:
166:
142:
138:
132:
126:
111:
105:
95:
93:
78:
69:
46:
29:
11078:Conjunction
10844:Disjunctive
10781:Conjunctive
10728:Nominalized
10631:Predicative
10475:Verbal noun
10426:Attributive
10060:: 120–123.
9578:|work=
9561:us behoteð?
9550:(1888) 31 (
9537:10 November
9484:7 September
9172:zayn per du
9056:sizli bizli
9051:senli benli
8619:(humorous)
8520:반말 (banmal)
8463:mengandakan
8422:dare del tu
8390:Interlingua
8171:vouvoiement
8005:vousvoyeren
7995:vousvoyeren
7961:at være Des
7956:at være dus
7726:তই-তইকৈ মাত
7331:, intimate
7167:sʸæghʷaalha
7160:sʸæghʷaalha
7153:sʸæghʷaalha
6815:Du-reformen
6778:(literary)
6755:Philippines
6720:vuecelencia
5739:as senhoras
5733:os senhores
5711:Virgin Mary
5338:Norwegian (
5275:Norwegian (
5261:तपाईं(-हरू)
5109:(official)
5072:(official)
4842:informal),
4350:Ekoka !Kung
4007:panjenengan
3857:Interlingua
3266:(emphatic)
3252:(emphatic)
3238:(emphatic)
3224:(emphatic)
3093:(uncommon)
2956:(uncommon)
2468:nwngtangswr
2227:(standard)
2137:; informal)
2096:; informal)
1946:(regional)
1602:respectful
1592:respectful
1322:variant in
1283:Du-reformen
1117:Nova Scotia
1115:, northern
1109:New Zealand
1099:, parts of
922:summarises
833:Old English
234:Roger Brown
118:familiarity
11182:Pragmatics
11161:Categories
11146:Yes and no
11061:Classifier
11045:Possessive
11007:Quantifier
11002:Possessive
10979:Determiner
10951:Adposition
10923:Resumptive
10908:Reciprocal
10903:Possessive
10883:Indefinite
10811:Pronominal
10763:Subsective
10738:Possessive
10708:Collateral
10681:Unergative
10671:Transitive
10586:Inchoative
10581:Impersonal
10521:Catenative
10460:Participle
10455:Infinitive
10387:Relational
10357:Collective
10337:Adjectival
9888:Including
9821:siyadetkum
9327:15 October
9292:Pragmatics
9249:References
9231:Hypocorism
9185:zayn af ir
9166:zayn af du
8640:Portuguese
8601:vosejament
8596:tutejament
8570:å være dis
8565:å være dus
8539:Lithuanian
8485:pengandaan
8450:mengamukan
8445:Indonesian
8426:tuteggiare
8410:voseamento
8405:tuteamento
8166:tutoiement
8140:teitittely
8130:teititellä
8104:at siga tú
8088:teietamine
8083:sinatamine
7913:(shuō nín)
7884:tutejament
7472:(literary)
7348:, casual)
7286:, casual)
6739:masc. and
5973:(archaic)
5594:Portuguese
5571:(to women)
5545:(to a man)
5383:(archaic)
5356:(archaic)
5333:(archaic)
5306:(archaic)
5247:तिमी(-हरू)
4971:Macedonian
4930:(archaic)
4916:(archaic)
4889:kamu semua
4858:friends )
4717:Lithuanian
4671:בֿוזוטרוס
4663:בֿוזוטרוס
4030:kowé kabèh
4002:ꦥꦚ꧀ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦔꦤ꧀
3808:Indonesian
3630:(familiar)
3612:(intimate)
2262:Belarusian
2235:(standard)
2220:(intimate)
1939:(regional)
1420:Lei, Rossi
1362:Hindustani
1349:Hindi-Urdu
1149:Old French
886:Old French
618:Ben Jonson
275:See also:
208:The terms
187:honorifics
159:given name
56:improve it
11167:Etiquette
11136:Prop-word
11098:Ideophone
11025:Discourse
10964:Inflected
10913:Reflexive
10888:Intensive
10695:Adjective
10666:Stretched
10656:Separable
10646:Reflexive
10541:Denominal
10536:Defective
10516:Captative
10511:Auxiliary
10450:Gerundive
10440:Nonfinite
10362:Countable
10124:MIT Press
9844:Pekingese
9815:ḥaḍretkum
9789: (
9777: (
9580:ignored (
9221:Honorific
9063:Ukrainian
8945:wy groniś
8936:ty groniś
8901:ty prajić
8560:Norwegian
8551:tujinimas
8476:pengamuan
8363:Icelandic
8336:Hungarian
8135:sinuttelu
8125:sinutella
8041:Esperanto
8000:tutoyeren
7989:jijjouwen
7977:tutoyeren
7903:(shuō nǐ)
7836:Bulgarian
7805:তুইতোকারি
7742:তই-তই কৰা
7691:Language
7301:dialectal
7269:intimate
7265:, frozen
7175:Ukrainian
6714:vuecencia
6607:(plural)
6565:(plural)
6312:bhavatyaḥ
6309:(plural,
6299:bhavantaḥ
6296:(plural,
6286:bhavatyau
6273:bhavantau
6230:(plural,
5966:(formal)
5929:(formal)
5706:A Senhora
5631:a senhora
5564:(general)
5447:apōṇōmane
5115:Mongolian
5097:(formal),
5060:(formal),
4936:Malayalam
4895:kau orang
4882:summonses
4341:yeoreobun
4025:ꦏꦺꦴꦮꦺꦏꦧꦺꦃ
3732:Icelandic
3681:Hungarian
3585:tame loko
3571:tame loko
3422:Er/Sie/Es
3305:vosoutros
2941:Esperanto
2627:(Modern)
2617:vosaltres
2613:(formal)
2603:vosaltres
2591:(formal)
2512:Bulgarian
2462:नोंथांसोर
1936:vusaltros
1925:dialect)
1899:Aragonese
1826: (
1808: (
1608:Afrikaans
1582:Language
1474:and some
1452:singular
1408:Tu, Rossi
1309:Icelandic
1137:Rust Belt
1105:Australia
842:pronouns
310:talk page
220:pronouns
60:verifying
11125:Pro-verb
11120:Pro-form
11017:Particle
10969:Stranded
10918:Relative
10898:Personal
10816:Relative
10801:Locative
10791:Genitive
10616:Negative
10546:Deponent
10526:Compound
10074:20641705
9810:Egyptian
9808:such as
9804:In some
9792:siyadtak
9780:ḥaḍretak
9769:Egyptian
9767:such as
9763:In some
9478:BBC News
9214:See also
8775:vykan'ye
8759:tykan'ye
8669:Romanian
8209:Galician
8157:vouvoyer
8078:teietama
8073:sinatama
8068:Estonian
7907:稱(呼)"您"
7897:稱(呼)"你"
7721:Assamese
7678:Related
7273:vulgar)
6775:vosotras
6769:vosotros
6742:vosotras
6736:vosotros
6601:(dual),
6559:(dual),
6515:(plural)
6404:Ви / Vi
6344:Shetland
6340:Southern
6118:Sanskrit
5933:dumneata
5913:Romanian
5700:O Senhor
5625:o senhor
5598:Portugal
5578:(to men)
5435:tumemane
5430:ତୁମେମାନେ
4878:lawsuits
4674:vozótros
4666:vozótros
4385:Kurmanji
4114:Kashmiri
4018:sampéyan
4013:ꦱꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦪꦤ꧀
3974:Javanese
3947:Japanese
3579:તમે લોકો
3565:તમે લોકો
3531:Gujarati
3321:Georgian
3313:vostedes
3272:Galician
2983:Estonian
2688:various
2440:nwngtang
2161:apünalük
2155:আপোনালোক
2081:Assamese
2075:, west)
2048:, west)
2021:, west)
1994:, west)
1966:Armenian
1943:vusotros
1930:vusatros
1649:Albanian
1590:singular
1557:vosotros
1527:vosotros
1207:was the
1197:was the
1133:New York
1097:Scotland
896:and the
810:Estonian
775:and the
718:Employee
684:Employer
678:Customer
635:or with
596:Employee
542:Employer
536:Customer
304:You may
242:semantic
155:semantic
149:onward,
103:pronouns
11110:Preverb
10987:Article
10933:Subject
10826:Pronoun
10661:Stative
10626:Phrasal
10601:Lexical
10556:Dynamic
10531:Copular
10431:Converb
10347:Animacy
10245:16 June
10098:L'Hebdo
10085:Sources
9203:אירצן (
9177:אירצן (
9154:Yiddish
9028:Turkish
9001:Swedish
8994:ustedeo
8966:Spanish
8924:wykanje
8919:tykanje
8889:vikanje
8884:tikanje
8869:Slovene
8862:vykanie
8857:tykanie
8785:Serbian
8769:выканье
8753:тыканье
8696:Russian
8684:tutuire
8679:a domni
8674:a tutui
8591:vosejar
8586:tutejar
8581:Occitan
8544:tujinti
8467:beranda
8454:berkamu
8417:Italian
8356:magázás
8351:tegezés
8259:Per Sie
8202:jookjen
8197:dookjen
8152:tutoyer
8120:Finnish
8095:Faroese
8029:thouing
8017:to thou
8012:English
7911:/ 說"您"
7901:/ 說"你"
7893:Chinese
7865:Catalan
7788:Bengali
7584:Yiddish
7555:subject
7093:Turkish
7021:neengal
7015:நீங்கள்
7007:neengal
7001:நீங்கள்
6993:neengal
6987:நீங்கள்
6958:şumojon
6850:Tagalog
6785:Swedish
6763:ustedes
6729:ustedes
6655:Spanish
6461:Slovene
6418:ви / vi
6411:ви / vi
6397:ти / ti
6283:(dual,
6270:(dual,
6217:(dual,
6206:bhavatī
5980:Russian
5798:Punjabi
5584:państwo
5575:panowie
5561:państwo
5514:šomâ-hâ
5455:Persian
5442:ଆପଣମାନେ
5340:Nynorsk
5034:Marathi
4901:ko'rang
4801:viòltar
4794:viòltar
4752:Lombard
4682:Latvian
4310:dangsin
4051:Kannada
3892:Italian
3292:vostede
3077:Finnish
3042:Faroese
2575:Catalan
2454:nwngswr
2325:Bengali
2147:tümalük
2141:তোমালোক
2062:, east)
2035:, east)
2008:, east)
1981:, east)
1893:others
1884:antunna
1861:antunna
1845:others
1820:
1802:
1760:ɨnnantä
1684:Amharic
1533:ustedes
1367:In the
1313:Faroese
1305:Swedish
1185:In the
1121:Ontario
1101:Ireland
1051:(pron.
1049:Yous(e)
1010:Quakers
890:subject
827:English
806:Italian
802:Chinese
798:Persian
777:Spanish
715:Soldier
681:Officer
614:Molière
593:Soldier
539:Officer
482:Subject
446:Emperor
411:In the
366:in Rome
163:surname
129:English
54:Please
11088:Coverb
11083:Copula
10937:Object
10854:Donkey
10773:Adverb
10748:Proper
10713:Common
10596:Labile
10465:Supine
10445:Gerund
10436:Finite
10401:Verbal
10392:Strong
10382:Proper
10224:
10205:
10201:–190.
10165:
10072:
9921:nínmen
9900:) and
9877:Taiwan
9786:سيادتك
9721:
9633:
9384:
9190:דוצן (
9158:דוצן (
9021:niande
9016:duande
8975:vosear
8971:tutear
8879:vikati
8874:tikati
8842:Slovak
8742:vykat'
8736:выкать
8717:tykat'
8711:тыкать
8608:Polish
8496:Korean
8400:vosear
8395:tutear
8286:Siezis
8255:Siezen
8250:Per Du
8241:siezen
8231:German
8192:jookje
8187:dookje
8147:French
8100:at túa
8061:vidiro
8056:cidiro
8051:vidiri
8046:cidiri
8034:youing
8023:to you
7951:Danish
7944:vykání
7939:tykání
7880:tuteig
7815:Breton
7760:Basque
7686:words
7530:Welsh
7461:sizlar
7454:senlar
7426:sizler
7421:سىزلەر
7368:Uyghur
7335:rude)
7146:wæghʷa
7132:sizler
7112:sizler
7036:నువ్వు
7030:Telugu
6952:шумоён
6745:fem. (
6647:idinka
6640:idinka
6620:Somali
6426:Slovak
6306:भवत्यः
6293:भवन्तः
6280:भवत्यौ
6267:भवन्तौ
6214:युवाम्
6187:bhavān
6152:) and
5941:matale
5877:Quenya
5858:ਤੁਸੀਂ
5840:ਤੁਸੀਂ
5822:ਤੁਸੀਂ
5604:, and
5602:Africa
5522:Polish
5277:Bokmål
5267:tapāī̃
5239:tapāī̃
5201:Nepali
5192:ᠲᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ
5186:ta nar
5180:та нар
5172:ᠲᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ
5166:ta nar
5160:та нар
5089:तुम्ही
5077:तुम्ही
5052:तुम्ही
4963:നിങ്ങൾ
4956:നിങ്ങൾ
4949:താങ്കൾ
4927:kalian
4913:kalian
4907:hangpa
4839:engkau
4643:Ladino
4634:sizder
4628:сиздер
4580:Kyrgyz
4502:Sorani
4327:neohui
4279:Korean
4270:sizder
4264:сіздер
4256:sender
4250:сендер
4216:Kazakh
4063:niinnu
3995:awakmu
3990:ꦲꦮꦏ꧀ꦩꦸ
3835:kalian
3384:German
3263:sibhse
3249:sibhse
3235:sibhse
3113:French
2796:jullie
2729:Danish
2680:
2663:
2610:vostès
2477:Breton
2448:नोंसोर
2434:नोंथां
2405:apnara
2399:আপনারা
2239:berori
2211:Basque
2203:sizlər
1951:vustés
1798:Arabic
1600:plural
1550:(both
1511:jullie
1476:Nordic
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2128:তহঁত
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2066:դուք
2053:դուք
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2026:դուք
2012:դուք
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1923:Ansó
1829:anti
1823:أنتِ
1811:anta
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1783:እርስዎ
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1768:እስዎ
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1690:አንተ
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