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T–V distinction

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1364:) have three levels of formality distinction. The pronoun तू تو (tū) is the informal (intimate) pronoun, तुम تم (tum) is the familiar pronoun and आप آپ (āp) is the formal pronoun. Tū is only used in certain contexts in Urdu, as in normal conversation, the use of tū is considered very rude. The pronoun तू تو (tū) is grammatically singular while the pronouns तुम تم (tum) and आप آپ (āp) are grammatically plural. However, the plural pronouns are more commonly used as singular pronouns and to explicitly mark the plurality, words such as लोग لوگ (log) , सब سب (sab) , दोनों دونوں (donõ) , तीनों تینوں (tīnõ) etc. are added after the plural pronouns. 287: 38: 10273: 1381:
German teachers used to use the former construct with upper-secondary students, while Italian teachers typically use the latter (switching to a full V-form with university students). This can lead to constructions denoting an intermediate level of formality in T–V-distinct languages that sound awkward to English-speakers. In Italian,
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Speakers developed greater flexibility of pronoun use by redefining relationships between individuals. Instead of defining the father–son relationship as one of power, it could be seen as a shared family relationship. Brown and Gilman term this the semantics of solidarity. Thus a speaker might have a
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The boundaries between formal and informal language differ from language to language, as well as within social groups of the speakers of a given language. In some circumstances, it is not unusual to call other people by first name and the respectful form, or last name and familiar form. For example,
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to address a subject. This use was progressively extended to other states and societies, and down the social hierarchy as a mark of respect to individuals of higher rank, religious authority, greater wealth, or seniority within a family. The development was slow and erratic, but a consistent pattern
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Brown and Gilman argued that the choice of form is governed by either relationships of "power" or "solidarity", depending on the culture of the speakers, showing that "power" had been the dominant predictor of form in Europe until the 20th century. Thus, it was quite normal for a powerful person to
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Different languages distinguish pronoun uses in different ways. Even within languages, there are differences between groups (older people and people of higher status tending both to use and to expect more respectful language) and between various aspects of one language. For example, in Dutch, the
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is used instead. "Ihr" was also used in formal situations; this was once the abundant usage, but it has completely fallen out of use. In the plural form, "ihr" is used as the "T" pronoun and "Sie" is used as the "V" pronoun; "Ihr" and "Sie" are capitalized when they are used as the "V" pronoun.
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dialects, a fourth level of formality (semi-formal), which is intermediate between आप آپ (āp) and तुम تم (tum), is created when the pronoun आप آپ (āp) is used with the conjugations of तुम تم (tum). However, this form is strictly dialectal and is not used in standard versions of Urdu and Hindi.
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is only used as an informal pronoun. It is only addressed to persons that one knows well, like family members and friends. It is also most commonly used among peers as a sign of equality, especially among young people. In formal situations with strangers and acquaintances,
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form. Some also have a related noun or pronoun. The English words are used to refer only to English usage in the past, not to usage in other languages. The analogous distinction may be expressed as "to use first names" or "to be on familiar terms (with someone)".
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Developments from the 19th century have seen the solidarity semantic applied more consistently. It has become less acceptable for a more powerful individual to exercise the choice of pronoun. Officers in most armies are not permitted to address a soldier as
372:(590–604). However, Brown and Gilman note that it was only between the 12th and 14th centuries that the norms for the use of T- and V-forms crystallized. Less commonly, the use of the plural may be extended to other 10868: 153:. Additionally, British commoners historically spoke to nobility and royalty using the third person rather than the second person, a practice that has fallen out of favour. English speakers today often employ 1163:
are often used interchangeably to address an individual, sometimes in the same sentence. However, some emerging pattern of use has been detected by recent scholars. Between characters equal in age or rank,
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speakers in those southern states, and (to a lesser extent) other regions of the US and beyond. This pronoun is not universally accepted, and may be regarded as either nonstandard or a regionalism.
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markers of social relationships between individuals. The study considered mainly French, Italian, Spanish and German. The paper was highly influential and, with few exceptions, the terms
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is a default neutral pronoun that fulfils the functions of both T and V without being the equivalent of either, so an N-V-T framework is needed, where N indicates neutrality.
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was sometimes used to put a young man in his place, or to express temporary anger. There may also have been variation between Parisian use and that of other regions.
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distinction was still well preserved when Shakespeare began writing at the end of the 16th century. However, other playwrights of the time made less use of
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These choices were available not only to reflect permanent relationships, but to express momentary changes of attitude. This allowed playwrights such as
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for the formal second person plural is traditionally regarded as wrong, and remains rare in Mainland China (although it is more commonly used in
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in Canada and parts of the northeastern United States (especially areas where there was historically Irish or Italian immigration), including in
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is the contextual use of different pronouns that exists in some languages and serves to convey formality or familiarity. Its name comes from the
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choice of pronoun, depending on how they perceived the relationship with the person addressed. Thus a speaker with superior power might choose
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spread to upper-class individuals of equal rank, but not to lower class individuals. This may be represented in Brown and Gilman's notation:
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In many languages, the respectful singular pronoun derives from a plural form. Some Romance languages have familiar forms derived from the
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Cook, Manuela (2019). "Chapter 1: N-V-T, a framework for the analysis of social dynamics in address pronouns". In Bouissac, Paul (ed.).
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Many languages lack this type of distinction, instead relying on other morphological or discourse features to convey formality.
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Addressing a single individual using the second-person plural forms in the language, instead of the singular (e.g. in French).
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almost never occurs in spoken Malay; instead, most Malaysians would address a respected person by their title and/or name),
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distinction was restored to some English dialects in the form of a pronoun that expressed friendly solidarity, written as
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The tendency to promote the solidarity semantic may lead to the abolition of any choice of address pronoun. During the
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published in T.A Seboek (ed) (1960). Republished in Giglioli (1972). The page numbers cited below are from Giglioli.
395:-form in return. However, in the 20th century the dynamic shifted in favour of solidarity, so that people would use 11171: 10336: 10158: 9569: 237: 233: 11176: 10255: 7471: 6492: 996:
suggest that the distinction was already disappearing from gentle speech. In the first half of the 17th century,
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in the 4th century AD. They mention the possibility that this was because there were two emperors at that time (
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Helmbrecht, Johannes (2005). "Politeness distinctions in pronouns". In Martin Haspelmath; et al. (eds.).
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https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/46086/First_Year_Hindi_Course-Part_1.pdf?sequence=2
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keeps everybody at a distance, although not to the same extent as V pronouns in other languages. For others,
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to their favourite waiter. Similarly, a subordinate with a friendly relationship of long standing might use
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of use is estimated to have been reached in different European societies by the period 1100 to 1500. Use of
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of the singular and plural second person in many languages, including their respectful variants (if any):
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analogues to convey the mentioned attitudes towards the addressee, such as whether to address someone by
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in standard English was confined to literary and religious contexts or as a consciously archaic usage.
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Brown, Roger; Gilman, Albert (1960). "The pronouns of power and solidarity". In T. A. Sebeok (ed.).
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For centuries, it was the more powerful individual who chose to address a subordinate either with
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As with many instances in English, the pronoun is capitalized when talking to God, as in prayer.
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but its use began rapidly declining in the second half of the 20th century, coinciding with the
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The Nordic Languages: An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages
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the plural, with no distinction for honorific or familiar. According to Brown and Gilman, the
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Addressing individuals with another pronoun with its own verb conjugations (e.g. in Spanish).
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was used to address the most exalted figures, emperors and popes, who would use the pronoun
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to express fellow feeling with a subordinate. For example, a restaurant customer might use
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The T–V distinction is expressed in a variety of forms. Two particularly common means are:
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is slowly falling into disuse in the plural and so one could sometimes address a group as
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form used among lower class speakers. Upper-class speakers could choose to use either
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has declined dramatically, but as of 2023 not completely disappeared. In Danish the
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to express a character's inner changes of mood through outward changes of pronoun.
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Clyne, Michael (2009). "Address in intercultural communication across languages".
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by the upper classes when talking to each other, even if they were closely related
647:). Brown and Gilman argue that modern usage no longer supports these definitions. 403:-forms in service encounters, with reciprocal usage being the norm in both cases. 6869: 6855: 6707: 5940: 5574: 5323: 5296: 3994: 3082: 854:(with variants) were used for singular and plural reference respectively with no 10785: 10595: 10474: 10435: 10400: 10391: 9428: 8389: 7131: 7111: 6897: 6814: 6754: 6555: 6088: 6060: 5710: 5548:(verbs following any of the above addresses are in the 3rd person singular form) 4349: 3856: 3715: 3298: 3186: 2281: 1633: 1486:
forms for both singular and plural, others have the same form and others have a
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speakers, although its precise origin is obscure. The pronoun spread rapidly to
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Technically a "double plural", sometimes employed for a small group of people.
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in English is controversial among linguistic scholars. For some, the English
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again in the middle of the century, many people were still aware of the old
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Fagyal, Zsuzsanna; Kibbee, Douglas; Jenkins, Frederic (28 September 2006).
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Crystal, David & Ben (2002) pp. 450–451. Reproduced at David Crystal's
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Cross-cultural pragmatics. The semantics of human interaction (2nd ed.)
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languages, it is the third-person plural. Some languages have separate
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variant has in practice completely disappeared from regular speech in
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text of 1225 composed in 1200. The usage may have started among the
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As grammatical case largely disappeared during the transition from
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Some languages have a verb to describe the fact of using either a
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First-Year Hindi Course (Part one), H.H. Van Olphen (page 30-32)
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form used by upper-class speakers to address one another, while
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distinction and responded with derision and physical violence.
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distinction was preserved in many regional dialects. When the
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is archaic and no longer exists outside of poetry or dialect.
754:) to one another. In most Modern English dialects, the use of 280: 167: 31: 9999:
Necessitates compound verb forms with participle in singular.
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in talking to ghosts, witches, and other supernatural beings
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to a superior. However, there was much variation; in 1596,
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historically contained the distinction, using the pronouns
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when addressing an inferior. Inferiors would normally use
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employs 3rd-person singular verb conjugations. Derisive.
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Oskar Bandle; Kurt Braunmüller; Lennart Elmevik (2002).
9706: 9704: 9702: 9700: 232:, were first used in a paper by the social psychologist 9466: 9464: 5587:(general) the 2nd person plural form is also possible). 305: 55: 10146:
Shakespeare's Words: A Glossary and Language Companion
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in popular writing earlier in the century such as the
9819: 9813: 9790: 9778: 9473:"Tu and Twitter: Is it the end for 'vous' in French?" 8773: 8757: 8740: 8715: 1411:(teacher to high-school student, as stated above) to 1083: 1063: 957:
by people of higher social status to those below them
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pronoun (and plural pronoun). After 1600, the use of
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The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary
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was often used to address kings or to speak to God.
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by people of lower social status to those above them
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(2003). 9863:is derived from the fusion of the syllables of 7239: 7233: 7225: 7219: 7211: 7199: 7185: 5995:) narrowly reserved intimates (or for insults) 5190: 5184: 5170: 5164: 5148: 5145: 5131: 5125: 2564: 2550: 2536: 2522: 1461:and respectful forms derived from Latin plural 960:by the lower classes when talking to each other 643:) and "the pronoun of reverence or formality" ( 255:The status of the single second-person pronoun 27:Formality distinction feature of some languages 10180:Language and Social Context: Selected Readings 10017:employs 3rd-person (plural) verb conjugations. 9662:Summarised in Fagyal et al. (2006) pp. 267–268 9649:"Interlude 17, Tracking a change: the case of 7841:(говоря / съм) на "ти" (govorya / sam) na "ti" 6310: 6297: 6291: 6284: 6271: 6257: 6245: 6239: 6231: 6218: 6204: 6185: 6159: 6141: 6128: 4205: 4192: 4178: 4165: 4151: 4138: 4124: 3583: 3569: 3555: 3541: 3373: 3359: 3345: 3331: 2466: 2452: 2438: 2159: 2145: 2132: 2118: 2104: 2091: 2070: 2057: 2043: 2030: 2016: 2003: 1989: 1976: 1444:Singular, plural and other ways of distinction 10299: 10107:"Mastering the Unmasterable: A French Puzzle" 8767: 8751: 8734: 8709: 7649: 7643: 7635: 7622: 7616: 7608: 7594: 7124: 7117: 6882: 6875: 6839: 6833: 6773: 6767: 6678: 6672: 6525: 6510: 6042: 6036: 6026: 6020: 6012: 6004: 5990: 5867: 5849: 5831: 5813: 5709:when addressing a deity, Jesus Christ or the 5512: 5506: 5488: 5476: 5464: 5104: 5092: 5087: 5080: 5075: 5067: 5055: 5043: 4103: 4089: 4075: 4061: 2403: 2389: 2376: 2362: 2348: 2335: 1787: 1772: 1758: 1744: 1729: 1711: 1694: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1406: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1382: 779: 294:The examples and perspective in this section 8: 10197:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.  10054:Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies 10012: 9681: 9679: 9677: 7424: 7412: 7400: 7389: 7377: 7082: 7076: 7068: 7062: 7054: 7040: 6645: 6451: 5903: 5896: 5889: 5882: 5582: 5315: 4632: 4618: 4604: 4590: 4339: 4325: 4308: 4289: 4268: 4254: 4240: 4226: 3449: 3420: 3401: 1882: 1871: 1859: 1848: 1839: 1827: 1809: 1246: 1240: 1234: 1228: 1202: 1177: 1171: 1165: 1158: 1152: 770: 10050:"The Spanish Language of Equatorial Guinea" 9934: 9629:. Cambridge University Press. p. 284. 9238:, another plural device used for politeness 7574: 7567: 7542: 7521: 7515: 7508: 7502: 7482: 7165: 7158: 7151: 7144: 7019: 7013: 7005: 6999: 6991: 6977: 6961:; the latter is used in spoken Tajik only) 6956: 6944: 6938: 6930: 6916: 6902: 6381: 6375: 6368: 6362: 6355: 6349: 6331: 6325: 6107: 6101: 6093: 6079: 6065: 3670: 3656: 3642: 3622: 3604: 3520: 3506: 3492: 3478: 1555: 1543: 1537: 1531: 1525: 1515: 1509: 1499: 1462: 1453: 422: 416: 347: 341: 227: 221: 10415: 10306: 10292: 10284: 10259:. New York: Oxford University Press. 1971. 7357: 7343: 7326: 7312: 7294: 7281: 7260: 5445: 5433: 5421: 5409: 5398: 1578: 1315:, however, it is still occasionally used. 312:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 9750: 9748: 9746: 9378:The Social Dynamics of Pronominal Systems 9311: 9283:Formentelli, Maicol; Hajek, John (2016). 7825:c'hwial / mont dre c'hwi / komz dre c'hwi 7553:(regional variant, not possible when the 328:Learn how and when to remove this message 82:Learn how and when to remove this message 9961: 9959: 9957: 9083:звертатися на "ви" (zvertatysia na "vy") 9073:звертатися на "ти" (zvertatysia na "ty") 7676: 7216:, addressing officials in letters etc.) 5936:(less formal, possibly confrontational) 1530:, Latin Americans address all groups as 1439:T–V distinction in the world's languages 972:as a sign of a change (contrasting with 942:as a sign of a change (contrasting with 822:T–V distinction in the world's languages 766:It was reported in 2012 that use of the 666: 524: 434: 277:T–V distinction in the world's languages 10007: 10005: 9557:Hwo is þat us muȝen sceawin ða gode ðe 9254: 8650:tratar por senhor / senhora / senhorita 8645:tratar por tu, você; chamar de tu, você 4836:(regional; common spoken short form is 1291:distinction was once widespread in the 1023:In the 19th century, one aspect of the 858:distinction. The earliest entry in the 519:to express affection for their parent. 10193:The World Atlas of Language Structures 10034: 10032: 9577: 9567: 8654:chamar de senhor / senhora / senhorita 6522:(plural – when addressing only women) 3719:(a bit old-fashioned, can be impolite) 3697:(a bit old-fashioned, can be impolite) 1239:to inferiors as well as to superiors " 816:History of use in individual languages 746:to everyone, and some continue to use 252:have been used in subsequent studies. 10144:Crystal, David; Crystal, Ben (2002). 9717:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 1631–. 5950:(regional, possibly confrontational) 1227:observed in his comprehensive survey 498:Modification: the solidarity semantic 7: 9784: 9772: 9262:The Pronouns of Power and Solidarity 4564: 4550: 4523: 4486: 4473: 4459: 4446: 4432: 4419: 4406: 4392: 1423:(senior staff member to junior) and 151:with the exception of a few dialects 145:largely disappeared from the era of 7644: 7617: 6508:(dual – when addressing two women); 1821: 1803: 1345:("Could I ask Mr. Johnson to..."). 9990:Only common in official documents. 9602:" David Crystal (2004) pp. 307–310 9471:Lawn, Rebecca (7 September 2012). 9380:. John Benjamins. pp. 17–34. 9103:звертання на ви (zvertannia na vy) 9093:звертання на ти (zvertannia na ty) 7728:(toi-toikoi mat) (very informal), 3967:(proper nouns and/or common nouns) 3962:(proper nouns and/or common nouns) 3957:(proper nouns and/or common nouns) 3952:(proper nouns and/or common nouns) 1490:distinction only in the singular. 177:. Under a broader classification, 25: 10155:French: A Linguistic Introduction 7795:(tuitokāri kôrā) (very informal) 7661:Related verbs, nouns and pronouns 6017:is used in formal correspondence 1242:selon la facilité de nos naturels 1091:) as a plural is found mainly in 872:pronoun in place of the singular 515:. For example, a child might use 407:Early history: the power semantic 399:-forms with those they knew, and 346:was originally the singular, and 10271: 10105:Blume, Mary (19 February 2000). 9498:Põhjala, Priit (12 April 2013). 8025:(referring to historical usage) 8019:(referring to historical usage) 7820:teal / mont dre te / komz dre te 7744:(toi-toi kora) (very informal), 5728:(dialects of northern Portugal) 1585:second-person singular familiar 1572:The following is a table of the 1176:as a singular address. However, 1073: 1053: 742:obliged its members to use only 734:, attempts were made to abolish 383:" (majestic plural) in English. 285: 36: 9114:تو تکار کرنا (tu tukaar karna) 4299:(directly addressing a person); 1334:variant is a capitalized "De". 1233:that the French sometimes used 738:. In 17th century England, the 10237:"About Middle English Grammar" 10092:Balbo, Sophie (23 June 2005). 10038:Capitalized in correspondence. 10011:Even as a 2nd-person pronoun, 9594:"Interlude 12 : Choosing 9458:Brown & Gilman pp. 266–268 9449:Brown & Gilman pp. 269–261 9418:Brown & Gilman pp. 278–280 9409:Brown & Gilman pp. 257–258 9400:Brown & Gilman pp. 254–255 7732:(tüma-tumikoi mat) (familiar) 6417: 5191: 5171: 5149: 5132: 4315:(addressing anonymous readers) 3749: 1595:second-person plural familiar 1429:(among peers and to seniors). 236:and the Shakespearean scholar 1: 7870:tutejar / tractar de tu / vós 4904:is slang and more informal), 1405:(peer to peer or family) and 271:History and usage in language 10176:Giglioli, Per Paolo (1972). 10111:International Herald Tribune 9920: 9908: 9896: 9853: 9820: 9814: 9795:) ("your lordship") are used 9791: 9779: 9653:" Crystal (2004) pp. 449–452 9627:Legacies of Colonial English 9625:. In Hickey, Raymond (ed.). 9621:Schneider, Edgar W. (2005). 9346:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 9042:sizli bizli olmak / konuşmak 9033:senli benli olmak / konuşmak 7776:berorika (aritu / hitz egin) 7748:(tüma-tumi kora) (familiar) 6176:) also used in poetry/verse 6108: 6094: 6080: 6066: 5904: 5897: 5890: 5883: 4570: 4556: 4542: 4529: 4515: 4492: 4479: 4465: 4452: 4438: 4425: 4412: 4398: 2670: 2651: 2637: 2467: 2453: 2439: 2425: 1189:period, a relatively stable 522:This may be represented as: 9824:("your lordships") are used 9783:) ("your grace") or ‏ 9429:Explore Shakespeare's Works 8790:не персирати (ne persirati) 8774: 8758: 8741: 8716: 7771:zuka aritu / zuka hitz egin 7765:hika aritu / hika hitz egin 7650: 7636: 7623: 7609: 7595: 7425: 7413: 7401: 7390: 7378: 7358: 7344: 7327: 7313: 7295: 7282: 7261: 7240: 7226: 7212: 7200: 7186: 7083: 7069: 7055: 7041: 7020: 7006: 6992: 6978: 6957: 6945: 6931: 6917: 6903: 6311: 6298: 6285: 6272: 6258: 6246: 6232: 6219: 6205: 6186: 6160: 6142: 6129: 6043: 6027: 6005: 5991: 5868: 5850: 5832: 5814: 5780:for a more familiar tone), 5513: 5507: 5489: 5477: 5465: 5446: 5434: 5422: 5410: 5399: 5266: 5252: 5238: 5224: 5218: 5185: 5165: 5146: 5126: 5105: 5093: 5081: 5068: 5056: 5044: 5024: 5010: 4996: 4982: 4633: 4619: 4605: 4591: 4340: 4326: 4309: 4290: 4206: 4193: 4179: 4166: 4152: 4139: 4125: 4104: 4090: 4076: 4062: 3671: 3657: 3643: 3623: 3605: 3584: 3570: 3556: 3542: 3521: 3507: 3493: 3479: 3374: 3360: 3346: 3332: 2746: 2565: 2551: 2537: 2523: 2404: 2390: 2377: 2363: 2349: 2336: 2315: 2301: 2287: 2273: 2160: 2146: 2133: 2119: 2105: 2092: 2071: 2058: 2044: 2031: 2017: 2004: 1990: 1977: 1883: 1872: 1860: 1849: 1840: 1828: 1810: 1788: 1773: 1759: 1745: 1730: 1712: 1695: 673:Subordinate choice removed 308:, discuss the issue on the 62:the claims made and adding 11213: 11141:Syntax–semantics interface 10159:Cambridge University Press 9806:spoken varieties of Arabic 9765:spoken varieties of Arabic 9501:Kas teietada või sinatada? 8820:неперсирање (nepersiranje) 8175:vousoiement / voussoiement 6697:(in Cuba and Puerto Rico) 6102: 6087: 6073: 6059: 4892:(polite/friendly formal), 4535: 4508: 2460: 2446: 2432: 2418: 1436: 1387:can be addressed with the 1280: 963:in addressing God or Jesus 904:was largely lost, leaving 819: 274: 9981:from the 15th century on. 9913: 9901: 9889: 9870: 9864: 9858: 9847: 9440:Brown & Gilman p. 258 9342:Wierzbicka, Anna (2003). 8980:ustedear; tratar de usted 8768: 8752: 8735: 8710: 7711: 7705: 7699: 7693: 7690: 7629: 7602: 7588: 7419: 7407: 7395: 7384: 7372: 7351: 7337: 7320: 7306: 7288: 7275: 7254: 7234: 7220: 7205: 7193: 7179: 7077: 7063: 7048: 7034: 7014: 7000: 6985: 6971: 6950: 6939: 6924: 6910: 6896: 6409: 6402: 6395: 6304: 6292: 6278: 6265: 6251: 6240: 6225: 6212: 6198: 6191: 6190:, addressing a man, root 6179: 6153: 6135: 6122: 6037: 6021: 6013: 6011:the capitalised spelling 5998: 5984: 5862: 5856: 5844: 5838: 5826: 5820: 5808: 5802: 5730: 5616: 5501: 5495: 5483: 5471: 5459: 5440: 5428: 5416: 5404: 5393: 5281: 5259: 5245: 5231: 5211: 5205: 5178: 5158: 5139: 5119: 5099: 5088: 5076: 5062: 5050: 5038: 5017: 5003: 4989: 4975: 4961: 4954: 4947: 4940: 4626: 4612: 4598: 4584: 4334: 4319: 4302: 4283: 4262: 4248: 4234: 4220: 4199: 4186: 4172: 4159: 4145: 4132: 4118: 4097: 4083: 4069: 4055: 3664: 3650: 3636: 3616: 3598: 3577: 3563: 3549: 3535: 3514: 3500: 3486: 3472: 3367: 3353: 3339: 3325: 2681: 2664: 2644: 2630: 2558: 2544: 2530: 2516: 2397: 2383: 2370: 2356: 2342: 2329: 2308: 2294: 2280: 2266: 2153: 2139: 2126: 2112: 2098: 2085: 2064: 2051: 2037: 2024: 2010: 1997: 1983: 1970: 1781: 1766: 1752: 1738: 1723: 1705: 1688: 884:nobility in imitation of 861:Oxford English Dictionary 672: 669: 530: 527: 440: 437: 356:began to be addressed as 10561:Exceptional case-marking 10235:Kleinman, Scott (2009). 9977:was often replaced with 9359:Intercultural Pragmatics 9226:Honorifics (linguistics) 5879:(Tolkien's High Elvish) 3941:(increasingly uncommon) 3308:, northeastern dialect) 2764:(increasingly uncommon) 1330:variant is "du" and the 1293:North Germanic languages 670:Superior choice removed 11192:Grammatical conjugation 10131:Crystal, David (2004). 9771:, terms such as ‏ 9556: 9304:10.1075/prag.26.4.05for 9242:Style (form of address) 8810:бити на ви (biti na vi) 8795:бити на ти (biti na ti) 8633:mówienie per pan / pani 8510:말을 높이다 (mareul nophida) 7166: 7159: 7152: 7145: 6813:(rarely used since the 6611: 6602: 6596: 6589: 6582: 6569: 6560: 6554: 6547: 6540: 6382: 6376: 6369: 6363: 6356: 6350: 6332: 6326: 4811: 4805: 4799: 4792: 4780: 4769: 4763: 4756: 4672: 4664: 4656: 4648: 4376: 4369: 4362: 4355: 1393:(familiar) form or the 1384:(Signor) Vincenzo Rossi 1230:Recherches de la France 953:would normally be used 932:would normally be used 850: 844: 531:Subordinate has choice 11197:Second-person pronouns 10367:Initial-stress-derived 10135:The Stories of English 10013: 9946: 9940: 9935: 9857:. Wang Li states that 8830:персирање (persiranje) 8514:존댓말하다 (jondaemmalhada) 8428:(transitive, archaic) 7575: 7568: 7560: 7548: 7543: 7536: 7522: 7516: 7509: 7503: 7495: 7489: 7483: 7476: 7459: 7452: 7445: 7438: 7130: 7125: 7118: 7110: 7104: 7097: 6883: 6876: 6868: 6860: 6854: 6840: 6834: 6826: 6820: 6808: 6802: 6795: 6789: 6774: 6768: 6761: 6740: 6734: 6727: 6718: 6712: 6706: 6700: 6687: 6679: 6673: 6659: 6646: 6638: 6631: 6624: 6526: 6517: 6511: 6503: 6497: 6486: 6478: 6472: 6465: 6452: 6444: 6437: 6430: 6209:, addressing a woman) 5968: 5961: 5954: 5945: 5939: 5931: 5924: 5917: 5788: 5781: 5776: 5769: 5763: 5757: 5744: 5738: 5732: 5723: 5717: 5705: 5699: 5692: 5684: 5678: 5672: 5666: 5660: 5654: 5648: 5642: 5635: 5630: 5624: 5617: 5610: 5583: 5573: 5566: 5559: 5552: 5540: 5533: 5526: 5378: 5372: 5365: 5359: 5351: 5345: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5309: 5301: 5295: 5288: 5282: 4925: 4919: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4887: 4871: 4861: 4849: 4843: 4837: 4831: 4825: 4742: 4735: 4728: 4721: 4707: 4700: 4693: 4686: 4269: 4255: 4241: 4227: 4040: 4028: 4016: 4005: 3993: 3982: 3936: 3929: 3909: 3903: 3896: 3882: 3875: 3868: 3861: 3847: 3840: 3833: 3826: 3819: 3812: 3798: 3791: 3784: 3777: 3762: 3755: 3743: 3736: 3726:(formal and official) 3721: 3714: 3707: 3704:(formal and official) 3699: 3692: 3685: 3450: 3443: 3436: 3421: 3402: 3395: 3388: 3311: 3303: 3297: 3290: 3282: 3276: 3261: 3255: 3247: 3241: 3233: 3227: 3219: 3213: 3199: 3192: 3185: 3178: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3144: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3117: 3103: 3096: 3088: 3081: 3067: 3060: 3053: 3046: 3032: 3026: 3019: 3013: 3006: 3000: 2993: 2987: 2973: 2966: 2959: 2951: 2945: 2899: 2888: 2876: 2865: 2853: 2842: 2828: 2815: 2801: 2794: 2787: 2780: 2774: 2759: 2752: 2740: 2733: 2719: 2712: 2705: 2698: 2615: 2608: 2601: 2593: 2586: 2579: 2502: 2495: 2488: 2481: 2252: 2245: 2237: 2230: 2222: 2215: 2201: 2195: 2188: 2181: 2174: 1955: 1949: 1941: 1934: 1928: 1916: 1910: 1903: 1674: 1667: 1660: 1653: 1639: 1632: 1625: 1618: 1612: 1556: 1544: 1538: 1532: 1526: 1516: 1510: 1500: 1463: 1454: 1425: 1419: 1413: 1407: 1401: 1395: 1389: 1383: 1277:Scandinavian languages 1247: 1241: 1235: 1229: 1203: 1178: 1172: 1166: 1159: 1153: 780: 771: 423: 417: 348: 342: 228: 222: 204:Origin and development 185:forms are examples of 10878:Inclusive / Exclusive 10066:10.1353/hcs.2011.0376 10048:Lipski, John (2004). 9687:"Þéranir á meðal vor" 9611:Crystal (2004) p. 308 8959:wy gronjenje, wykanje 8954:ty gronjenje, tykanje 8805:персирати (persirati) 8310:Πληθυντικός ευγενείας 7738:(apüna-apunikoi mat) 6330:, mostly replaced by 2747:increasingly uncommon 1297:1960s youth rebellion 1281:Further information: 1193:distinction emerged. 1170:was more common than 10280:at Wikimedia Commons 9971:Early Modern English 9671:Fagyal et al. p. 268 9196:אַריבערגיין אױף דו ( 9119:تو تکار (tu tukaar) 8662:o senhor / a senhora 8623:mówić per pan / pani 8501:말을 놓다 (mareul notta) 8303:Μιλώ στον πληθυντικό 8161:vousoyer / voussoyer 6865:(postpositive only) 6315:, addressing women) 6289:, addressing women) 5753:Brazilian Portuguese 4910:(northern dialect), 4898:(when pronounced as 4042:panjenengan sedanten 2811:Early Modern English 2749:, very rarely used) 1414:Lei, signor Vincenzo 1151:texts, the pronouns 924:Early Modern English 837:Early Middle English 528:Superior has choice 340:In classical Latin, 306:improve this section 296:may not represent a 147:Early Modern English 10758:Relative subsective 10651:Regular / Irregular 10496:Andative / Venitive 10332:Abstract / Concrete 10126:. pp. 253–276. 9967:Late Middle English 9818:("your graces") or 9548:Vices & Virtues 7991:(used very rarely) 7859:(more like adverb) 7853:(more like adverb) 7754:(apüna-apuni kora) 7687: 6009:) the unmarked norm 4037:ꦥꦚ꧀ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦔꦤ꧀ꦰꦼꦢꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ 3287:, eastern dialect) 2914:Late Modern English 2170:Azerbaijani (Azeri) 1337:Swedish both had a 762:Changes in progress 626:William Shakespeare 622:Christopher Marlowe 391:-form but expect a 374:grammatical persons 141:, but the familiar 11187:Grammatical number 10317:and their features 10315:Lexical categories 10220:. John Benjamins. 9693:. 29 October 1999. 9323:on 25 January 2021 9098:викання (vykannia) 9088:тикання (tykannia) 8726:обращаться на "вы" 8701:обращаться на "ты" 8689:plural de politeţe 7773:(neuter / formal) 7677: 6530:(dual and plural) 6302:, addressing men) 6276:, addressing men) 5768:, oblique form of 5745:vossas excelências 2242:(very respectful) 1093:(Northern) England 784:are in decline in 740:Society of Friends 165:or whether to use 47:possibly contains 11172:Personal pronouns 11154: 11153: 10959:Casally modulated 10864:Formal / Informal 10753:Pure intersective 10703:Anti-intersective 10689: 10688: 10636:Preterite-present 10276:Media related to 10208:978-0-19-925591-7 10168:978-1-139-45956-3 10139:. Overlook Press. 10122:. Cambridge, MA: 10120:Style in Language 9724:978-3-11-017149-5 9570:cite encyclopedia 9387:978-90-272-0316-8 9211: 9210: 9046:siz diye çağırmak 9037:sen diye çağırmak 8940:tykaś (se) {lit.} 8910:wy rěkać / prajić 8525:높임말 (nopphim mal) 8505:반말하다 (banmalhada) 8424:(intransitive) / 8219:tratar de vostede 7857:на "Вие" na "Vie" 7801:(āpni-āgge kôrā) 7736:আপোনা-আপুনিকৈ মাত 7658: 7657: 6751:Equatorial Guinea 6346: 5714: 5588: 5549: 4316: 4300: 3631: 3614: 3168:(show deference) 3141:(show deference) 2679: 2662: 1433:Usage in language 1426:Lei, signor Rossi 1033:. Unlike earlier 1000:disappeared from 732:French Revolution 728: 727: 606: 605: 495: 494: 491:Low-class friend 488:High-class friend 455:Low-class friend 452:High-class friend 413:Early Middle Ages 362:in Constantinople 338: 337: 330: 92: 91: 84: 49:original research 16:(Redirected from 11204: 11177:Sociolinguistics 10733:Non-intersective 10416: 10308: 10301: 10294: 10285: 10275: 10260: 10250: 10248: 10246: 10241: 10231: 10212: 10196: 10185: 10184:. Penguin Books. 10183: 10172: 10149: 10148:. Penguin Books. 10140: 10138: 10127: 10114: 10101: 10078: 10077: 10045: 10039: 10036: 10027: 10024: 10018: 10016: 10009: 10000: 9997: 9991: 9988: 9982: 9963: 9952: 9938: 9931: 9925: 9923: 9917: 9911: 9905: 9899: 9893: 9886: 9880: 9874: 9868: 9862: 9856: 9851: 9846:, which is from 9840: 9834: 9831: 9825: 9823: 9817: 9812:, terms such as 9802: 9796: 9794: 9788: 9782: 9776: 9761: 9755: 9752: 9741: 9735: 9729: 9728: 9708: 9695: 9694: 9689:(in Icelandic). 9683: 9672: 9669: 9663: 9660: 9654: 9647: 9641: 9640: 9618: 9612: 9609: 9603: 9592: 9586: 9585: 9579: 9575: 9573: 9565: 9563: 9540: 9538: 9533: 9517: 9511: 9496: 9490: 9489: 9487: 9485: 9468: 9459: 9456: 9450: 9447: 9441: 9438: 9432: 9425: 9419: 9416: 9410: 9407: 9401: 9398: 9392: 9391: 9373: 9367: 9366: 9354: 9348: 9347: 9339: 9333: 9332: 9330: 9328: 9322: 9316:. Archived from 9315: 9289: 9280: 9274: 9271: 9265: 9259: 9198:aribergeyn af du 8835:викање (vikanje) 8825:тикање (tikanje) 8777: 8771: 8770: 8761: 8755: 8754: 8744: 8738: 8737: 8719: 8713: 8712: 8471:menggunakan Anda 8469:(intransitive); 8458:menggunakan kamu 8456:(intransitive); 7875:tractar de vostè 7807:(very informal) 7688: 7653: 7647: 7646: 7639: 7633: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7612: 7606: 7598: 7592: 7578: 7571: 7546: 7525: 7519: 7512: 7506: 7486: 7428: 7423: 7416: 7411: 7404: 7399: 7393: 7388: 7381: 7376: 7361: 7355: 7347: 7341: 7330: 7324: 7316: 7310: 7299:, consultative, 7298: 7292: 7285: 7279: 7264: 7258: 7243: 7237: 7236: 7229: 7223: 7222: 7215: 7209: 7203: 7197: 7189: 7183: 7169: 7162: 7155: 7148: 7128: 7121: 7086: 7080: 7079: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7058: 7052: 7044: 7038: 7023: 7017: 7016: 7009: 7003: 7002: 6995: 6989: 6981: 6975: 6960: 6954: 6948: 6942: 6941: 6934: 6928: 6920: 6914: 6906: 6900: 6886: 6879: 6843: 6837: 6777: 6771: 6747:Peninsular Spain 6682: 6676: 6649: 6614: 6572: 6529: 6514: 6455: 6420: 6419: 6413: 6406: 6399: 6385: 6379: 6372: 6366: 6359: 6353: 6337: 6335: 6329: 6314: 6308: 6301: 6295: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6275: 6269: 6261: 6255: 6249: 6243: 6242: 6235: 6229: 6222: 6216: 6208: 6202: 6195: 6189: 6183: 6163: 6157: 6145: 6139: 6132: 6126: 6111: 6105: 6104: 6097: 6091: 6083: 6077: 6069: 6063: 6049:not capitalised 6046: 6040: 6039: 6033:not capitalised 6030: 6024: 6023: 6016: 6015: 6008: 6002: 5994: 5988: 5970:domniile voastre 5907: 5900: 5893: 5886: 5871: 5866: 5860: 5853: 5848: 5842: 5835: 5830: 5824: 5817: 5812: 5806: 5779: 5774:, combined with 5747: 5741: 5735: 5708: 5702: 5690: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5669: 5663: 5657: 5651: 5645: 5643:vossa excelência 5633: 5627: 5586: 5580: 5547: 5516: 5510: 5505: 5499: 5492: 5487: 5480: 5475: 5468: 5463: 5449: 5444: 5437: 5432: 5425: 5420: 5413: 5408: 5402: 5397: 5319: 5269: 5263: 5255: 5249: 5241: 5235: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5209: 5194: 5193: 5188: 5182: 5174: 5173: 5168: 5162: 5154: 5152: 5151: 5143: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5123: 5108: 5103: 5096: 5091: 5090: 5084: 5079: 5078: 5071: 5066: 5059: 5054: 5047: 5042: 5027: 5021: 5013: 5007: 4999: 4993: 4985: 4979: 4965: 4958: 4951: 4944: 4636: 4630: 4622: 4616: 4608: 4602: 4594: 4588: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4545: 4539: 4532: 4526: 4525: 4518: 4512: 4495: 4489: 4488: 4482: 4476: 4475: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4379: 4372: 4365: 4358: 4343: 4338: 4329: 4323: 4314: 4312: 4306: 4298: 4293: 4287: 4272: 4266: 4258: 4252: 4244: 4238: 4230: 4224: 4209: 4203: 4196: 4190: 4182: 4176: 4169: 4163: 4155: 4149: 4142: 4136: 4128: 4122: 4107: 4101: 4093: 4087: 4079: 4073: 4065: 4059: 4038: 4026: 4014: 4003: 3991: 3980: 3850: 3767:(very uncommon) 3674: 3668: 3660: 3654: 3646: 3640: 3629: 3626: 3620: 3610: 3608: 3602: 3587: 3581: 3573: 3567: 3559: 3553: 3545: 3539: 3524: 3518: 3510: 3504: 3496: 3490: 3482: 3476: 3453: 3424: 3405: 3377: 3371: 3363: 3357: 3349: 3343: 3335: 3329: 2685: 2675: 2673: 2668: 2658: 2654: 2648: 2640: 2634: 2625:Mandarin Chinese 2568: 2562: 2554: 2548: 2540: 2534: 2526: 2520: 2470: 2464: 2456: 2450: 2442: 2436: 2428: 2422: 2407: 2401: 2393: 2387: 2381:; very informal) 2380: 2374: 2366: 2360: 2352: 2346: 2340:; very informal) 2339: 2333: 2318: 2312: 2304: 2298: 2290: 2284: 2276: 2270: 2163: 2157: 2149: 2143: 2136: 2130: 2122: 2116: 2108: 2102: 2095: 2089: 2074: 2068: 2061: 2055: 2047: 2041: 2034: 2028: 2020: 2014: 2007: 2001: 1993: 1987: 1980: 1974: 1886: 1875: 1863: 1852: 1843: 1831: 1825: 1813: 1807: 1791: 1785: 1776: 1770: 1762: 1756: 1748: 1742: 1733: 1727: 1715: 1709: 1698: 1692: 1579: 1559: 1549: 1541: 1535: 1529: 1519: 1513: 1503: 1469: 1460: 1428: 1422: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1392: 1386: 1307:, Norwegian and 1250: 1244: 1238: 1232: 1225:Étienne Pasquier 1206: 1181: 1175: 1169: 1162: 1156: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1070: 1069: 1066: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1039:African-American 1002:Standard English 853: 847: 783: 774: 724:Younger sibling 667: 602:Younger sibling 584: 577: 570: 563: 556: 525: 470: 463: 435: 426: 420: 351: 345: 333: 326: 322: 319: 313: 289: 288: 281: 231: 225: 122:sociolinguistics 87: 80: 76: 73: 67: 64:inline citations 40: 39: 32: 21: 11212: 11211: 11207: 11206: 11205: 11203: 11202: 11201: 11157: 11156: 11155: 11150: 11049: 11011: 10973: 10945: 10873:Gender-specific 10820: 10767: 10685: 10571:Germanic strong 10479: 10405: 10318: 10312: 10278:T–V distinction 10268: 10263: 10253: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10234: 10228: 10215: 10209: 10188: 10175: 10169: 10152: 10143: 10130: 10117: 10104: 10091: 10087: 10082: 10081: 10047: 10046: 10042: 10037: 10030: 10025: 10021: 10010: 10003: 9998: 9994: 9989: 9985: 9964: 9955: 9932: 9928: 9912:). In the past 9887: 9883: 9841: 9837: 9832: 9828: 9803: 9799: 9762: 9758: 9753: 9744: 9736: 9732: 9725: 9710: 9709: 9698: 9685: 9684: 9675: 9670: 9666: 9661: 9657: 9648: 9644: 9637: 9620: 9619: 9615: 9610: 9606: 9593: 9589: 9576: 9566: 9536: 9534: 9519: 9518: 9514: 9507:Eesti Päevaleht 9497: 9493: 9483: 9481: 9470: 9469: 9462: 9457: 9453: 9448: 9444: 9439: 9435: 9426: 9422: 9417: 9413: 9408: 9404: 9399: 9395: 9388: 9375: 9374: 9370: 9356: 9355: 9351: 9341: 9340: 9336: 9326: 9324: 9320: 9287: 9282: 9281: 9277: 9273:Giglioli p. 217 9272: 9268: 9260: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9236:Pluractionality 9216: 9195: 9182: 9169: 9163: 9101: 9091: 9081: 9078:викати (vykaty) 9071: 9068:тикати (tykaty) 8833: 8823: 8815:викати (vikati) 8813: 8808: 8800:тикати (tikati) 8798: 8793: 8732: 8728: 8707: 8703: 8628:mówienie per ty 8615: 8489:penggunaan Anda 8480:penggunaan kamu 8323:(tūtaɽāk karnā) 8298:Μιλώ στον ενικό 7909:(chēng(hū) nín) 7851:на "ти" na "ti" 7774: 7752:আপোনা-আপুনি কৰা 7730:তোমা-তুমিকৈ মাত 7663: 7628: 7520:(preferred) or 7507:(preferred) or 7494:(preferred) or 7336: 7287: 7274: 6859: 6732:(the Americas) 6723:(literary use) 6578:Sorbian (upper) 6536:Sorbian (lower) 6516: 6509: 6496: 6477: 6336: 6303: 6290: 6277: 6237: 6224: 6197: 6134: 6048: 6032: 6010: 5722: 5689: 5579: 5572: 5565: 5546: 5539: 5403: 5098: 5061: 4810: 4804: 4779: 4768: 4534: 4504: 4484: 4457: 4430: 4417: 4387: 4301: 4198: 4171: 4144: 4036: 4024: 4012: 4011: 4001: 3989: 3988: 3978: 3908: 3845: 3818: 3817:(more familiar) 3720: 3698: 3448: 3419: 3400: 3209:Scottish Gaelic 3156: 3129: 3031: 3018: 3005: 2992: 2898: 2875: 2852: 2827: 2779: 2674: 2614: 2592: 2382: 2341: 2236: 2221: 2200: 2138: 2097: 2063: 2036: 2009: 1982: 1960:(Ansó dialect) 1954: 1940: 1933: 1915: 1892: 1881: 1858: 1844: 1819: 1780: 1778: 1737: 1735: 1704: 1617: 1574:nominative case 1570: 1568:Nominative case 1446: 1441: 1435: 1378: 1351: 1318:The use of the 1285: 1279: 1257: 1145: 1076: 1072: 1056: 1052: 1004:, although the 829: 824: 818: 790:social equality 764: 653: 582: 575: 568: 561: 554: 500: 468: 461: 409: 376:, such as the " 334: 323: 317: 314: 303: 290: 286: 279: 273: 216:, based on the 206: 96:T–V distinction 88: 77: 71: 68: 53: 41: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11210: 11208: 11200: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11159: 11158: 11152: 11151: 11149: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11132: 11131: 11117: 11115:Procedure word 11112: 11107: 11106: 11105: 11100: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11073:Complementizer 11070: 11069: 11068: 11057: 11055: 11051: 11050: 11048: 11047: 11042: 11037: 11032: 11027: 11021: 11019: 11013: 11012: 11010: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10983: 10981: 10975: 10974: 10972: 10971: 10966: 10961: 10955: 10953: 10947: 10946: 10944: 10943: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10869:Gender-neutral 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10834:Bound variable 10830: 10828: 10822: 10821: 10819: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10777: 10775: 10769: 10768: 10766: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10699: 10697: 10691: 10690: 10687: 10686: 10684: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10491:Ambitransitive 10487: 10485: 10481: 10480: 10478: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10433: 10428: 10422: 10420: 10413: 10407: 10406: 10404: 10403: 10398: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10328: 10326: 10320: 10319: 10313: 10311: 10310: 10303: 10296: 10288: 10282: 10281: 10267: 10266:External links 10264: 10262: 10261: 10251: 10232: 10226: 10213: 10207: 10186: 10173: 10167: 10150: 10141: 10128: 10115: 10102: 10094:"Dites-moi tu" 10088: 10086: 10083: 10080: 10079: 10040: 10028: 10019: 10001: 9992: 9983: 9953: 9951:= "you people" 9933:From obsolete 9926: 9881: 9835: 9826: 9797: 9756: 9742: 9730: 9723: 9696: 9673: 9664: 9655: 9642: 9635: 9613: 9604: 9587: 9546:1225 (▸c1200) 9512: 9491: 9460: 9451: 9442: 9433: 9420: 9411: 9402: 9393: 9386: 9368: 9349: 9334: 9298:(4): 631–652. 9275: 9266: 9253: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9244: 9239: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9209: 9208: 9201: 9188: 9183:זײַן אױף איר ( 9175: 9170:זײַן פּער דו ( 9156: 9150: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9123: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9106: 9105: 9095: 9085: 9075: 9065: 9059: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9039: 9030: 9024: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8997: 8996: 8991: 8982: 8977: 8968: 8962: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8942: 8933: 8927: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8907: 8898: 8892: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8865: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8838: 8837: 8827: 8817: 8802: 8787: 8781: 8780: 8764: 8748: 8723: 8698: 8692: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8665: 8664: 8659: 8656: 8647: 8642: 8636: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8610: 8604: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8577: 8576: 8574: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8556: 8555: 8553: 8548: 8546: 8541: 8535: 8534: 8522: 8517: 8507: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8482: 8473: 8465:(transitive); 8460: 8452:(transitive); 8447: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8429: 8419: 8413: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8386: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8359: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8325: 8319: 8313: 8312: 8307: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8289: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8262: 8261: 8252: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8205: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8182:Frisian (West) 8178: 8177: 8173:; very rarely 8168: 8163: 8159:; very rarely 8154: 8149: 8143: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8116: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8106: 8097: 8091: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8064: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8037: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8020: 8014: 8008: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7974: 7968: 7967: 7965: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7947: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7915: 7905: 7899:(chēng(hū) nǐ) 7895: 7889: 7888: 7886: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7861: 7860: 7854: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7832: 7831: 7829: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7811: 7810: 7808: 7802: 7799:আপনি-আজ্ঞে করা 7796: 7790: 7784: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7778:(very formal) 7768: 7762: 7756: 7755: 7749: 7739: 7733: 7723: 7717: 7716: 7710: 7704: 7698: 7692: 7662: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7641: 7614: 7600: 7586: 7580: 7579: 7572: 7565: 7558: 7534: 7527: 7526: 7513: 7500: 7487: 7474: 7465: 7464: 7457: 7450: 7443: 7436: 7430: 7429: 7417: 7405: 7382: 7370: 7364: 7363: 7349: 7318: 7304: 7252: 7246: 7245: 7231: 7217: 7191: 7177: 7171: 7170: 7163: 7156: 7149: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7122: 7115: 7102: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7074: 7060: 7046: 7032: 7026: 7025: 7011: 6997: 6983: 6969: 6963: 6962: 6936: 6922: 6908: 6894: 6888: 6887: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6852: 6846: 6845: 6844:(rarely used) 6831: 6818: 6800: 6787: 6781: 6780: 6759: 6725: 6692:(most common) 6685: 6664:(most common) 6657: 6651: 6650: 6643: 6636: 6629: 6622: 6616: 6615: 6608: 6594: 6587: 6580: 6574: 6573: 6566: 6552: 6545: 6538: 6532: 6531: 6523: 6484: 6470: 6463: 6457: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6435: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6414: 6407: 6400: 6393: 6391:Serbo-Croatian 6387: 6386: 6373: 6360: 6347: 6323: 6317: 6316: 6263: 6210: 6177: 6120: 6114: 6113: 6099: 6085: 6071: 6057: 6051: 6050: 6034: 6018: 5996: 5982: 5976: 5975: 5959: 5952: 5922: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5901: 5894: 5887: 5880: 5873: 5872: 5854: 5836: 5818: 5800: 5794: 5793: 5786: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5729: 5715: 5615: 5608: 5590: 5589: 5557: 5550: 5531: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5493: 5481: 5469: 5457: 5451: 5450: 5438: 5426: 5414: 5391: 5385: 5384: 5370: 5357: 5343: 5335: 5334: 5320: 5307: 5293: 5280: 5272: 5271: 5257: 5243: 5229: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5176: 5156: 5137: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5085: 5073: 5048: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5015: 5001: 4987: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4959: 4952: 4945: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4917: 4885: 4859: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4797: 4790: 4761: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4740: 4733: 4726: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4705: 4698: 4691: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4669: 4661: 4653: 4645: 4639: 4638: 4624: 4610: 4596: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4561: 4547: 4520: 4506: 4498: 4497: 4470: 4443: 4403: 4389: 4381: 4380: 4373: 4366: 4359: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4331: 4317: 4295: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4260: 4246: 4232: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4184: 4157: 4130: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4095: 4081: 4067: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4034: 4022: 3999: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3934: 3927: 3901: 3894: 3888: 3887: 3880: 3873: 3866: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3851:(less common) 3838: 3831: 3824: 3810: 3804: 3803: 3796: 3789: 3782: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3760: 3753: 3741: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3712: 3705: 3690: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3662: 3648: 3634: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3575: 3561: 3547: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3512: 3498: 3484: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3441: 3434: 3393: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3365: 3351: 3337: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3309: 3295: 3288: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3253: 3239: 3225: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3197: 3190: 3183: 3176: 3174:Frisian (west) 3170: 3169: 3149: 3142: 3122: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3101: 3094: 3086: 3079: 3073: 3072: 3065: 3058: 3051: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3024: 3011: 2998: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2971: 2964: 2957: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2886: 2863: 2840: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2799: 2792: 2785: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2757: 2750: 2738: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2717: 2710: 2703: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2686: 2656: 2642: 2628: 2621: 2620: 2606: 2599: 2584: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2556: 2542: 2528: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2500: 2493: 2486: 2479: 2473: 2472: 2458: 2444: 2430: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2395: 2368: 2354: 2327: 2321: 2320: 2306: 2292: 2278: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2250: 2243: 2228: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2193: 2186: 2179: 2172: 2166: 2165: 2151: 2124: 2110: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2049: 2022: 1995: 1968: 1962: 1961: 1947: 1926: 1908: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1869: 1846: 1837: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1764: 1750: 1721: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1672: 1665: 1658: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1637: 1630: 1623: 1610: 1604: 1603: 1598:second-person 1596: 1593: 1588:second-person 1586: 1583: 1569: 1566: 1445: 1442: 1437:Main article: 1434: 1431: 1377: 1374: 1350: 1347: 1278: 1275: 1256: 1253: 1144: 1141: 994:Paston Letters 978: 977: 970: 967: 964: 961: 958: 948: 947: 940: 937: 878:Middle English 828: 825: 820:Main article: 817: 814: 763: 760: 726: 725: 722: 719: 716: 713: 709: 708: 705: 702: 699: 696: 692: 691: 690:Elder sibling 688: 685: 682: 679: 675: 674: 671: 652: 651:Modern history 649: 604: 603: 600: 597: 594: 591: 587: 586: 579: 572: 565: 558: 550: 549: 548:Elder sibling 546: 543: 540: 537: 533: 532: 529: 499: 496: 493: 492: 489: 486: 483: 479: 478: 475: 472: 465: 457: 456: 453: 450: 447: 443: 442: 439: 438:Unequal power 408: 405: 370:Pope Gregory I 354:Roman emperors 336: 335: 300:of the subject 298:worldwide view 293: 291: 284: 272: 269: 205: 202: 201: 200: 197: 90: 89: 44: 42: 35: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11209: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11164: 11162: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11130: 11126: 11123: 11122: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11095: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11067: 11064: 11063: 11062: 11059: 11058: 11056: 11052: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11030:Interrogative 11028: 11026: 11023: 11022: 11020: 11018: 11014: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10997:Interrogative 10995: 10993: 10992:Demonstrative 10990: 10988: 10985: 10984: 10982: 10980: 10976: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10956: 10954: 10952: 10948: 10942: 10941:Prepositional 10938: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10928:Strong / Weak 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10893:Interrogative 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10839:Demonstrative 10837: 10835: 10832: 10831: 10829: 10827: 10823: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10806:Prepositional 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10796:Interrogative 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10778: 10776: 10774: 10770: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10718:Demonstrative 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10700: 10698: 10696: 10692: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10576:Germanic weak 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10566:Frequentative 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10506:Autocausative 10504: 10502: 10501:Anticausative 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10488: 10486: 10482: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10470:Transgressive 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10423: 10421: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10408: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10329: 10327: 10325: 10321: 10316: 10309: 10304: 10302: 10297: 10295: 10290: 10289: 10286: 10279: 10274: 10270: 10269: 10265: 10258: 10257: 10252: 10238: 10233: 10229: 10227:1-58811-310-8 10223: 10219: 10214: 10210: 10204: 10200: 10195: 10194: 10187: 10182: 10181: 10174: 10170: 10164: 10160: 10156: 10151: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10136: 10129: 10125: 10121: 10116: 10112: 10108: 10103: 10099: 10095: 10090: 10089: 10084: 10075: 10071: 10067: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10044: 10041: 10035: 10033: 10029: 10023: 10020: 10015: 10008: 10006: 10002: 9996: 9993: 9987: 9984: 9980: 9976: 9972: 9968: 9962: 9960: 9958: 9954: 9950: 9949: 9944: 9943: 9937: 9930: 9927: 9922: 9916: 9910: 9904: 9898: 9892: 9885: 9882: 9878: 9873: 9867: 9861: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9839: 9836: 9830: 9827: 9822: 9816: 9811: 9807: 9801: 9798: 9793: 9787: 9781: 9775: 9770: 9766: 9760: 9757: 9751: 9749: 9747: 9743: 9740: 9734: 9731: 9726: 9720: 9716: 9715: 9707: 9705: 9703: 9701: 9697: 9692: 9688: 9682: 9680: 9678: 9674: 9668: 9665: 9659: 9656: 9652: 9646: 9643: 9638: 9636:9781139442381 9632: 9628: 9624: 9617: 9614: 9608: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9591: 9588: 9583: 9571: 9564: 9562: 9560: 9553: 9549: 9545: 9532: 9531: 9528: 9524: 9516: 9513: 9509: 9508: 9503: 9502: 9495: 9492: 9480: 9479: 9474: 9467: 9465: 9461: 9455: 9452: 9446: 9443: 9437: 9434: 9430: 9424: 9421: 9415: 9412: 9406: 9403: 9397: 9394: 9389: 9383: 9379: 9372: 9369: 9365:(3): 395–409. 9364: 9360: 9353: 9350: 9345: 9338: 9335: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9305: 9301: 9297: 9293: 9286: 9279: 9276: 9270: 9267: 9263: 9258: 9255: 9248: 9243: 9240: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9218: 9213: 9206: 9202: 9199: 9193: 9189: 9186: 9180: 9176: 9173: 9167: 9164:זײַן אױף דו ( 9161: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9151: 9148: 9147:galw chi ar X 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9137:galw chi ar X 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9124: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9107: 9104: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9025: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8998: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8963: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8931:Lower Sorbian 8929: 8928: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8896:Upper Sorbian 8894: 8893: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8866: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8839: 8836: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8782: 8779: 8776: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8749: 8747:(colloquial) 8746: 8743: 8731: 8727: 8724: 8722:(colloquial) 8721: 8718: 8706: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8693: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8666: 8663: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8637: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8618: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8605: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8515: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8493: 8490: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8455: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8433: 8430: 8427: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8414: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8387: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8360: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8326: 8324: 8321:तूतड़ाक करना 8320: 8318: 8315: 8314: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8290: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8276:Siezis machen 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8263: 8260: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8228: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8206: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8179: 8176: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8109:at siga tygum 8107: 8105: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8092: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8065: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8038: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8024: 8021: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8009: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7990: 7986: 7982: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7948: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7904: 7900: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7862: 7858: 7855: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7812: 7809: 7806: 7803: 7800: 7797: 7794: 7793:তুইতোকারি করা 7791: 7789: 7786: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7772: 7769: 7767:(very close) 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7757: 7753: 7750: 7747: 7746:তোমা-তুমি কৰা 7743: 7740: 7737: 7734: 7731: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7718: 7714: 7708: 7702: 7696: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7675: 7672: 7668: 7660: 7652: 7642: 7638: 7632: 7625: 7615: 7611: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7591: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7570: 7566: 7564: 7563: 7559: 7556: 7552: 7551: 7545: 7540: 7539: 7535: 7533: 7529: 7528: 7524: 7518: 7514: 7511: 7505: 7501: 7499: 7498: 7493: 7492: 7488: 7485: 7480: 7479: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7467: 7466: 7463: 7462: 7458: 7456: 7455: 7451: 7449: 7448: 7444: 7442: 7441: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7431: 7427: 7422: 7418: 7415: 7410: 7406: 7403: 7398: 7392: 7387: 7383: 7380: 7375: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7365: 7360: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7340: 7334: 7329: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7309: 7305: 7302: 7297: 7291: 7284: 7278: 7272: 7268: 7263: 7257: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7247: 7242: 7232: 7228: 7218: 7214: 7208: 7202: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7182: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7172: 7168: 7164: 7161: 7157: 7154: 7150: 7147: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7137: 7134: 7133: 7127: 7123: 7120: 7116: 7114: 7113: 7108: 7107: 7103: 7101: 7100: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7090: 7085: 7075: 7071: 7061: 7057: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7037: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7027: 7022: 7012: 7008: 6998: 6994: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6974: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6964: 6959: 6953: 6947: 6937: 6933: 6927: 6923: 6919: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6899: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6878: 6874: 6872: 6871: 6867: 6864: 6863: 6858: 6857: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6847: 6842: 6836: 6832: 6830: 6829: 6824: 6823: 6819: 6816: 6812: 6811: 6806: 6805: 6801: 6799: 6798: 6793: 6792: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6782: 6779: 6776: 6770: 6765: 6764: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6743: 6738: 6737: 6731: 6730: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6721: 6716: 6715: 6710: 6709: 6704: 6703: 6698: 6696: 6691: 6690: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6680:el otro usted 6675: 6670: 6668: 6663: 6662: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6642: 6641: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6630: 6628: 6627: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6600: 6599: 6595: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6558: 6557: 6553: 6551: 6550: 6546: 6544: 6543: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6533: 6528: 6524: 6521: 6520: 6513: 6507: 6506: 6501: 6500: 6494: 6490: 6489: 6485: 6483:(protocolar) 6482: 6481: 6476: 6475: 6471: 6469: 6468: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6448: 6447: 6443: 6441: 6440: 6436: 6434: 6433: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6423: 6415: 6412: 6408: 6405: 6401: 6398: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6388: 6384: 6378: 6374: 6371: 6365: 6361: 6358: 6352: 6348: 6345: 6341: 6334: 6328: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6313: 6307: 6300: 6287: 6281: 6274: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6254: 6248: 6234: 6228: 6221: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6194: 6188: 6182: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6169: 6168: 6162: 6156: 6151: 6150: 6144: 6138: 6131: 6125: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6115: 6110: 6100: 6096: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6062: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6045: 6035: 6029: 6019: 6007: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5963:dumneavoastră 5960: 5958: 5957: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5943: 5942: 5937: 5935: 5934: 5928: 5927: 5926:dumneavoastră 5923: 5921: 5920: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5899: 5895: 5892: 5888: 5885: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5870: 5865: 5859: 5855: 5852: 5847: 5841: 5837: 5834: 5829: 5823: 5819: 5816: 5811: 5805: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5795: 5792: 5791: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5778: 5773: 5772: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5760: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5746: 5740: 5734: 5727: 5726: 5721: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5707: 5701: 5696: 5695: 5686: 5680: 5674: 5668: 5662: 5656: 5650: 5644: 5639: 5638: 5632: 5626: 5621: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5609: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5592: 5591: 5585: 5577: 5576: 5570: 5569: 5563: 5562: 5558: 5556: 5555: 5551: 5544: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5532: 5530: 5529: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5515: 5509: 5504: 5498: 5494: 5491: 5486: 5482: 5479: 5474: 5470: 5467: 5462: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5448: 5443: 5439: 5436: 5431: 5427: 5424: 5419: 5415: 5412: 5407: 5401: 5396: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5381: 5376: 5375: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5363: 5362: 5358: 5355: 5354: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5331: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5318: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5299: 5298: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5285: 5278: 5274: 5273: 5268: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5220: 5214: 5208: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5187: 5181: 5177: 5167: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5142: 5138: 5128: 5122: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5095: 5086: 5083: 5074: 5070: 5065: 5058: 5053: 5049: 5046: 5041: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5031: 5026: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4978: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4957: 4953: 4950: 4946: 4943: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4929: 4928: 4923: 4922: 4918: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4908: 4903: 4902: 4897: 4896: 4891: 4890: 4886: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4874: 4869: 4865: 4864: 4860: 4857: 4853: 4852: 4847: 4846: 4841: 4840: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4802: 4798: 4796: 4795: 4791: 4788: 4784: 4783: 4777: 4773: 4772: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4741: 4739: 4738: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4697: 4696: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4668: 4667: 4662: 4660: 4659: 4654: 4652: 4651: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4635: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4587: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4572: 4562: 4558: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4531: 4521: 4517: 4511: 4507: 4505:(S. Kurdish) 4503: 4500: 4499: 4494: 4481: 4471: 4467: 4454: 4444: 4440: 4427: 4414: 4404: 4400: 4390: 4388:(N. Kurdish) 4386: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4371: 4367: 4364: 4360: 4357: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4328: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4305: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4208: 4202: 4195: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4175: 4168: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4141: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4121: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4106: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4058: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4048: 4044: 4043: 4035: 4032: 4031: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4009: 4008: 4000: 3997: 3996: 3986: 3985: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3944: 3940: 3939: 3935: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3918: 3913: 3912: 3907: 3906: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3854: 3849: 3848:Anda sekalian 3844: 3843: 3839: 3837: 3836: 3832: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3823: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3795: 3794: 3790: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3750:very uncommon 3747: 3746: 3742: 3740: 3739: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3713: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3635: 3633: 3632: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3591: 3586: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3523: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3475: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3440: 3439: 3435: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3411: 3410: 3404: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3376: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3328: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3300: 3296: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3264: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3251: 3250: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3222: 3217: 3216: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3198: 3196: 3195: 3191: 3189: 3188: 3184: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3166: 3161: 3160: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3134: 3133: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3110: 3107: 3106: 3102: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3074: 3071: 3070: 3066: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3050: 3049: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3039: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3029: 3025: 3023: 3022: 3017: 3016: 3012: 3010: 3009: 3004: 3003: 2999: 2997: 2996: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2896: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2884: 2880: 2879: 2873: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2861: 2857: 2856: 2850: 2846: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2800: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2784: 2783: 2778: 2777: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2763: 2762: 2758: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2748: 2744: 2743: 2739: 2737: 2736: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2716: 2715: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2667: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2607: 2605: 2604: 2600: 2598:(respectful) 2597: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2567: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2519: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2499: 2498: 2494: 2492: 2491: 2487: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2474: 2469: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2421: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2386: 2379: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2345: 2338: 2332: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2317: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2269: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2249: 2248: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2178: 2177: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2162: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2142: 2135: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2094: 2088: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2067: 2060: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2040: 2033: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2013: 2006: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1986: 1979: 1973: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1958: 1953: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1938: 1937: 1932: 1931: 1927: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1914: 1913: 1909: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1890: 1885: 1879: 1874: 1870: 1867: 1862: 1856: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1830: 1824: 1817: 1812: 1806: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1790: 1784: 1775: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1741: 1732: 1726: 1722: 1719: 1714: 1708: 1702: 1697: 1691: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1673: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1664: 1663: 1659: 1657: 1656: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1638: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1622: 1621: 1616: 1615: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1547: 1540: 1534: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1459: 1457: 1451: 1443: 1440: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1421: 1415: 1409: 1403: 1397: 1391: 1385: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1369:Western Hindi 1365: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1284: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1243: 1237: 1231: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1187:Middle French 1183: 1180: 1174: 1168: 1161: 1155: 1150: 1142: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1119:and parts of 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1088: 1068: 1050: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 975: 971: 968: 965: 962: 959: 956: 955: 954: 952: 945: 941: 938: 935: 934: 933: 931: 927: 925: 921: 920:David Crystal 917: 915: 911: 908:as the usual 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 882:Norman French 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 862: 857: 852: 846: 841: 840:second person 838: 834: 826: 823: 815: 813: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 782: 778: 773: 769: 761: 759: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 723: 720: 717: 714: 711: 710: 706: 703: 700: 697: 694: 693: 689: 686: 683: 680: 677: 676: 668: 665: 663: 659: 650: 648: 646: 642: 638: 634: 629: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 601: 598: 595: 592: 589: 588: 580: 573: 566: 559: 552: 551: 547: 544: 541: 538: 535: 534: 526: 523: 520: 518: 514: 510: 506: 497: 490: 487: 484: 481: 480: 476: 473: 466: 459: 458: 454: 451: 448: 445: 444: 436: 433: 431: 425: 419: 414: 406: 404: 402: 398: 394: 390: 384: 382: 381: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 350: 344: 332: 329: 321: 318:November 2021 311: 307: 301: 299: 292: 283: 282: 278: 270: 268: 266: 262: 258: 253: 251: 247: 243: 239: 238:Albert Gilman 235: 230: 224: 219: 215: 211: 203: 198: 195: 194: 193: 190: 188: 184: 180: 176: 175: 170: 169: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 135: 130: 125: 123: 119: 115: 114: 109: 108: 104: 101: 97: 86: 83: 75: 72:February 2019 65: 61: 57: 51: 50: 45:This article 43: 34: 33: 30: 19: 11129:Pro-sentence 11103:Onomatopoeia 11093:Interjection 11066:Measure word 10863: 10849:Distributive 10743:Postpositive 10723:Intersective 10676:Unaccusative 10621:Performative 10591:Intransitive 10551:Ditransitive 10377:Noun adjunct 10254: 10243:. Retrieved 10217: 10192: 10179: 10154: 10145: 10134: 10119: 10110: 10100:(in French). 10097: 10057: 10053: 10043: 10022: 9995: 9986: 9978: 9974: 9929: 9884: 9838: 9829: 9800: 9759: 9733: 9713: 9691:Morgunblaðið 9667: 9658: 9650: 9645: 9626: 9616: 9607: 9599: 9595: 9590: 9558: 9551: 9547: 9543: 9542: 9535:. Retrieved 9530: 9526: 9522: 9515: 9505: 9499: 9494: 9482:. Retrieved 9476: 9454: 9445: 9436: 9423: 9414: 9405: 9396: 9377: 9371: 9362: 9358: 9352: 9343: 9337: 9325:. Retrieved 9318:the original 9313:11343/129713 9295: 9291: 9278: 9269: 9261: 9257: 9204: 9197: 9191: 9184: 9178: 9171: 9165: 9159: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9041: 9036: 9032: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 8993: 8988: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8970: 8958: 8953: 8949:wykaś {lit.} 8948: 8944: 8939: 8935: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8909: 8904: 8900: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8766: 8750: 8733: 8730:быть на "вы" 8729: 8725: 8708: 8705:быть на "ты" 8704: 8700: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8661: 8653: 8649: 8644: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8616: 8613:mówić per ty 8612: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8569: 8564: 8550: 8543: 8532:(jondaemmal) 8528: 8524: 8519: 8513: 8509: 8504: 8500: 8488: 8484: 8479: 8475: 8470: 8466: 8462: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8436:dare del Voi 8435: 8432:dare del Lei 8431: 8425: 8421: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8322: 8309: 8302: 8297: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8271:Duzis machen 8270: 8266:Swiss German 8258: 8254: 8249: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8218: 8214:tratar de ti 8213: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8174: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8156: 8151: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8108: 8103: 8099: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8033: 8028: 8022: 8016: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7988: 7984: 7980: 7976: 7960: 7955: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7912: 7908: 7902: 7898: 7883: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7856: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7824: 7819: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7775: 7770: 7764: 7751: 7745: 7741: 7735: 7729: 7725: 7712: 7706: 7700: 7694: 7683: 7679: 7670: 7666: 7664: 7640:, regional) 7532:(colloquial) 7332: 7300: 7270: 7266: 6766: 6733: 6699: 6694: 6693: 6671: 6666: 6665: 6250:, dual) and 6171: 6165: 6147: 5967: 5938: 5930: 5606:Asia-Pacific 5538:(to a woman) 4867: 4855: 4830:(standard), 4786: 4775: 3921: 3915: 3628: 3615: 3611: 3468:Modern Greek 3459: 3455: 3430: 3426: 3413: 3407: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2905: 2894: 2882: 2871: 2859: 2848: 2834: 2821: 2150:; familiar) 2109:; familiar) 1888: 1877: 1865: 1854: 1833: 1815: 1717: 1700: 1571: 1561: 1551: 1521: 1505: 1495: 1492: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1464: 1455: 1447: 1402:Tu, Vincenzo 1379: 1376:Use of names 1366: 1352: 1343:third person 1338: 1336: 1331: 1327: 1319: 1317: 1300: 1288: 1286: 1269: 1264: 1258: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1184: 1146: 1129:Philadelphia 1113:South Africa 1048: 1047: 1034: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1017: 1013: 1012:began using 1005: 997: 989: 985: 981: 979: 973: 950: 949: 943: 929: 928: 926:usage thus: 918: 913: 909: 905: 901: 893: 876:exists in a 873: 869: 865: 859: 855: 830: 786:social media 765: 755: 751: 747: 743: 735: 729: 661: 657: 654: 644: 640: 636: 632: 630: 607: 583:   576:   569:   562:   555:   521: 516: 512: 508: 504: 501: 469:   462:   441:Equal power 429: 410: 400: 396: 392: 388: 385: 379: 357: 339: 324: 315: 295: 264: 260: 256: 254: 249: 245: 213: 209: 207: 191: 182: 178: 172: 166: 142: 138: 132: 126: 111: 105: 95: 93: 78: 69: 46: 29: 11078:Conjunction 10844:Disjunctive 10781:Conjunctive 10728:Nominalized 10631:Predicative 10475:Verbal noun 10426:Attributive 10060:: 120–123. 9578:|work= 9561:us behoteð? 9550:(1888) 31 ( 9537:10 November 9484:7 September 9172:zayn per du 9056:sizli bizli 9051:senli benli 8619:(humorous) 8520:반말 (banmal) 8463:mengandakan 8422:dare del tu 8390:Interlingua 8171:vouvoiement 8005:vousvoyeren 7995:vousvoyeren 7961:at være Des 7956:at være dus 7726:তই-তইকৈ মাত 7331:, intimate 7167:sʸæghʷaalha 7160:sʸæghʷaalha 7153:sʸæghʷaalha 6815:Du-reformen 6778:(literary) 6755:Philippines 6720:vuecelencia 5739:as senhoras 5733:os senhores 5711:Virgin Mary 5338:Norwegian ( 5275:Norwegian ( 5261:तपाईं(-हरू) 5109:(official) 5072:(official) 4842:informal), 4350:Ekoka !Kung 4007:panjenengan 3857:Interlingua 3266:(emphatic) 3252:(emphatic) 3238:(emphatic) 3224:(emphatic) 3093:(uncommon) 2956:(uncommon) 2468:nwngtangswr 2227:(standard) 2137:; informal) 2096:; informal) 1946:(regional) 1602:respectful 1592:respectful 1322:variant in 1283:Du-reformen 1117:Nova Scotia 1115:, northern 1109:New Zealand 1099:, parts of 922:summarises 833:Old English 234:Roger Brown 118:familiarity 11182:Pragmatics 11161:Categories 11146:Yes and no 11061:Classifier 11045:Possessive 11007:Quantifier 11002:Possessive 10979:Determiner 10951:Adposition 10923:Resumptive 10908:Reciprocal 10903:Possessive 10883:Indefinite 10811:Pronominal 10763:Subsective 10738:Possessive 10708:Collateral 10681:Unergative 10671:Transitive 10586:Inchoative 10581:Impersonal 10521:Catenative 10460:Participle 10455:Infinitive 10387:Relational 10357:Collective 10337:Adjectival 9888:Including 9821:siyadetkum 9327:15 October 9292:Pragmatics 9249:References 9231:Hypocorism 9185:zayn af ir 9166:zayn af du 8640:Portuguese 8601:vosejament 8596:tutejament 8570:å være dis 8565:å være dus 8539:Lithuanian 8485:pengandaan 8450:mengamukan 8445:Indonesian 8426:tuteggiare 8410:voseamento 8405:tuteamento 8166:tutoiement 8140:teitittely 8130:teititellä 8104:at siga tú 8088:teietamine 8083:sinatamine 7913:(shuō nín) 7884:tutejament 7472:(literary) 7348:, casual) 7286:, casual) 6739:masc. and 5973:(archaic) 5594:Portuguese 5571:(to women) 5545:(to a man) 5383:(archaic) 5356:(archaic) 5333:(archaic) 5306:(archaic) 5247:तिमी(-हरू) 4971:Macedonian 4930:(archaic) 4916:(archaic) 4889:kamu semua 4858:friends ) 4717:Lithuanian 4671:בֿוזוטרוס 4663:בֿוזוטרוס 4030:kowé kabèh 4002:ꦥꦚ꧀ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦔꦤ꧀ 3808:Indonesian 3630:(familiar) 3612:(intimate) 2262:Belarusian 2235:(standard) 2220:(intimate) 1939:(regional) 1420:Lei, Rossi 1362:Hindustani 1349:Hindi-Urdu 1149:Old French 886:Old French 618:Ben Jonson 275:See also: 208:The terms 187:honorifics 159:given name 56:improve it 11167:Etiquette 11136:Prop-word 11098:Ideophone 11025:Discourse 10964:Inflected 10913:Reflexive 10888:Intensive 10695:Adjective 10666:Stretched 10656:Separable 10646:Reflexive 10541:Denominal 10536:Defective 10516:Captative 10511:Auxiliary 10450:Gerundive 10440:Nonfinite 10362:Countable 10124:MIT Press 9844:Pekingese 9815:ḥaḍretkum 9789:‎ ( 9777:‎ ( 9580:ignored ( 9221:Honorific 9063:Ukrainian 8945:wy groniś 8936:ty groniś 8901:ty prajić 8560:Norwegian 8551:tujinimas 8476:pengamuan 8363:Icelandic 8336:Hungarian 8135:sinuttelu 8125:sinutella 8041:Esperanto 8000:tutoyeren 7989:jijjouwen 7977:tutoyeren 7903:(shuō nǐ) 7836:Bulgarian 7805:তুইতোকারি 7742:তই-তই কৰা 7691:Language 7301:dialectal 7269:intimate 7265:, frozen 7175:Ukrainian 6714:vuecencia 6607:(plural) 6565:(plural) 6312:bhavatyaḥ 6309:(plural, 6299:bhavantaḥ 6296:(plural, 6286:bhavatyau 6273:bhavantau 6230:(plural, 5966:(formal) 5929:(formal) 5706:A Senhora 5631:a senhora 5564:(general) 5447:apōṇōmane 5115:Mongolian 5097:(formal), 5060:(formal), 4936:Malayalam 4895:kau orang 4882:summonses 4341:yeoreobun 4025:ꦏꦺꦴꦮꦺꦏꦧꦺꦃ 3732:Icelandic 3681:Hungarian 3585:tame loko 3571:tame loko 3422:Er/Sie/Es 3305:vosoutros 2941:Esperanto 2627:(Modern) 2617:vosaltres 2613:(formal) 2603:vosaltres 2591:(formal) 2512:Bulgarian 2462:नोंथांसोर 1936:vusaltros 1925:dialect) 1899:Aragonese 1826:‎ ( 1808:‎ ( 1608:Afrikaans 1582:Language 1474:and some 1452:singular 1408:Tu, Rossi 1309:Icelandic 1137:Rust Belt 1105:Australia 842:pronouns 310:talk page 220:pronouns 60:verifying 11125:Pro-verb 11120:Pro-form 11017:Particle 10969:Stranded 10918:Relative 10898:Personal 10816:Relative 10801:Locative 10791:Genitive 10616:Negative 10546:Deponent 10526:Compound 10074:20641705 9810:Egyptian 9808:such as 9804:In some 9792:siyadtak 9780:ḥaḍretak 9769:Egyptian 9767:such as 9763:In some 9478:BBC News 9214:See also 8775:vykan'ye 8759:tykan'ye 8669:Romanian 8209:Galician 8157:vouvoyer 8078:teietama 8073:sinatama 8068:Estonian 7907:稱(呼)"您" 7897:稱(呼)"你" 7721:Assamese 7678:Related 7273:vulgar) 6775:vosotras 6769:vosotros 6742:vosotras 6736:vosotros 6601:(dual), 6559:(dual), 6515:(plural) 6404:Ви / Vi 6344:Shetland 6340:Southern 6118:Sanskrit 5933:dumneata 5913:Romanian 5700:O Senhor 5625:o senhor 5598:Portugal 5578:(to men) 5435:tumemane 5430:ତୁମେମାନେ 4878:lawsuits 4674:vozótros 4666:vozótros 4385:Kurmanji 4114:Kashmiri 4018:sampéyan 4013:ꦱꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦪꦤ꧀ 3974:Javanese 3947:Japanese 3579:તમે લોકો 3565:તમે લોકો 3531:Gujarati 3321:Georgian 3313:vostedes 3272:Galician 2983:Estonian 2688:various 2440:nwngtang 2161:apünalük 2155:আপোনালোক 2081:Assamese 2075:, west) 2048:, west) 2021:, west) 1994:, west) 1966:Armenian 1943:vusotros 1930:vusatros 1649:Albanian 1590:singular 1557:vosotros 1527:vosotros 1207:was the 1197:was the 1133:New York 1097:Scotland 896:and the 810:Estonian 775:and the 718:Employee 684:Employer 678:Customer 635:or with 596:Employee 542:Employer 536:Customer 304:You may 242:semantic 155:semantic 149:onward, 103:pronouns 11110:Preverb 10987:Article 10933:Subject 10826:Pronoun 10661:Stative 10626:Phrasal 10601:Lexical 10556:Dynamic 10531:Copular 10431:Converb 10347:Animacy 10245:16 June 10098:L'Hebdo 10085:Sources 9203:אירצן ( 9177:אירצן ( 9154:Yiddish 9028:Turkish 9001:Swedish 8994:ustedeo 8966:Spanish 8924:wykanje 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Index

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original research
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Latin
pronouns
tu
vos
familiarity
sociolinguistics
English
thou
Early Modern English
with the exception of a few dialects
semantic
given name
surname
sir
madam
honorifics
Latin
Roger Brown
Albert Gilman
semantic
T–V distinction in the world's languages
worldwide view
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