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Siltstone

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198:. The origin of quartz silt has been a topic of much research and debate. Some quartz silt likely has its origin in fine-grained foliated metamorphic rock, while much marine silt is likely biogenic, but most quartz sediments come from granitic rocks in which quartz grains are much larger than quartz silt. Highly energetic processes are required to break these grains down to silt size. Among proposed mechanism are glacial grinding; weathering in cold, tectonically active mountain ranges; normal weathering, particularly in tropical regions; and formation in hot desert environments by salt weathering. 132: 47: 466:
Melezhik, Victor A.; Fallick, Anthony E.; Smith, Richard A.; Rosse, Danta M. (December 2007). "Spherical and columnar, septarian, 18 O-depleted, calcite concretions from Middle–Upper Permian lacustrine siltstones in northern Mozambique: evidence for very early diagenesis and multiple fluids".
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Clarkson, Christopher R.; Jensen, Jerry L.; Pedersen, Per Kent; Freeman, Melissa (February 2012). "Innovative methods for flow-unit and pore-structure analyses in a tight siltstone and shale gas reservoir".
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Middleton, Heather A.; Nelson, Campbell S. (May 1996). "Origin and timing of siderite and calcite concretions in late Palaeogene non- to marginal-marine facies of the Te Kuiti Group, New Zealand".
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sedimentary rock containing at least 50% clay and silt) in which at least 2/3 of the clay and silt fraction is composed of silt-sized particles. Silt is defined as grains 2–62 
151:. An alternate definition is that siltstone is any sedimentary rock containing 50% or more of silt-sized particles. Siltstones can be distinguished from claystone in the 991:
Jaworowski, K. (2013). Facies analysis of the Silurian shale-siltstone succession in Pomerania (northern Poland). Geological Quarterly, 44(3), 297-315. Retrieved from
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Cao, Zhe; Liu, Guangdi; Zhan, Hongbin; Gao, Jin; Zhang, Jingya; Li, Chaozheng; Xiang, Baoli (May 2017). "Geological roles of the siltstones in tight oil play".
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Schieber, Jürgen; Krinsley, Dave; Riciputi, Lee (August 2000). "Diagenetic origin of quartz silt in mudstones and implications for silica cycling".
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Lineback, Jerry Alvin. "Deep-water sediments adjacent to the Borden Siltstone (Mississippian) delta in southern Illinois." Circular no. 401 (1966).
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Goudie, A.S.; Cooke, R.U.; Doornkamp, J.C. (June 1979). "The formation of silt from quartz dune sand by salt-weathering processes in deserts".
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Nemecz, Ernö; Pécsi, Márton; Hartyáni, Zsuzsa; Horváth, Timea (June 2000). "The origin of the silt size quartz grains and minerals in loess".
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Ethridge, F.G. (1977). "Petrology, Transport, and Environment in Isochronous Upper Devonian Sandstone and Siltstone Units, New York".
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where fine particles can settle out of the transporting medium (air or water) and accumulate on the surface. They are found in
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Smalley, Ian (January 1990). "Possible formation mechanisms for the modal coarse-silt quartz particles in loess deposits".
1015:"Lithostratigraphy of the late Early Permian (Kungurian) Wandrawandian Siltstone, New South Wales: record of glaciation?" 2140: 202: 66: 367: 139:
There is not complete agreement on the definition of siltstone. One definition is that siltstone is mudrock (
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Characterization of subterranean bacteria in the Hungarian Upper Permian Siltstone (Aleurolite) Formation
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Ben E. Law and Charles W. Spencer, 1993, "Gas in tight reservoirs-an emerging major source of energy",
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Pye, Kenneth (April 1983). "Formation of quartz silt during humid tropical weathering of dune sands".
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Nahon, D.; Trompette, R. (February 1982). "Origin of siltstones: glacial grinding versus weathering".
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Riezebos, P.A.; Van der Waals, L. (December 1974). "Silt-sized quartz particles: a proposed source".
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was a hard, fine-grained siltstone that resisted flaking and was almost ideal for such uses.
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Iriondo, Martı́n (December 1999). "The origin of silt particles in the loess question".
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Parks and plates : the geology of our national parks, monuments, and seashores
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Although its permeability and porosity is relatively low, siltstone is sometimes a
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due to their smaller pores and a higher propensity for containing a significant
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by chewing a small sample; claystone feels smooth while siltstone feels gritty.
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Picard, M. Dane (1971). "Classification of Fine-grained Sedimentary Rocks".
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sequences, in deltas, in glacial deposits, and in miogeosynclinal settings.
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Siltstone is an unusual rock, in which most of the silt grains are made of
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along horizontal lines which are typical of shale. Siltstones may contain
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Sedimentology and sedimentary basins : from turbulence to tectonics
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Williams, Howel, Francis J. Turner and Charles M. Gilbert, 1954,
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Thomas, S. G.; Fielding, C. R.; Frank, T. D. (December 2007).
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Sedimentology of shale : study guide and reference source
665:(2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. 729:
Potter, Paul Edwin; Maynard, James; Pryor, Wayne A. (1980).
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Blatt, Harvey; Middleton, Gerard; Murray, Raymond (1980).
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Kuenen, P. H. (1 December 1969). "Origin of quartz silt".
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Sedimentary rock which has a grain size in the silt range
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Assallay, A (November 1998). "Silt: 2–62 μm, 9–4φ".
648: 265: 1937: 1775: 1562: 1152: 372:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 44–45. 227:, Hong Kong - Siltstone layered with conglomerate 369:Ancient Egypt : a very short introduction 1132: 8: 30: 1074:10.1306/212F70EF-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D 814:10.1306/74D71ED3-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D 752: 750: 453:10.1306/74D7221B-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D 1139: 1125: 1117: 45: 135:Holtzclaw siltstone, Louisville, Kentucky 81:content, which can be distinguished from 543: 541: 186:at oblique angles unrelated to bedding. 182:is likely to be obscure and it tends to 178:. Unless the siltstone is fairly shaly, 166:fraction. Although often mistaken for a 993:https://gq.pgi.gov.pl/article/view/8078 971:(1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton. 237: 170:, siltstone lacks the laminations and 29: 158:Siltstones differ significantly from 7: 1062:SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research 1019:Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 441:SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research 201:Siltstones form in relatively quiet 649:Blatt, Middleton & Murray 1980 570:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1982.tb01706.x 266:Blatt, Middleton & Murray 1980 25: 213:Locations with siltstone donation 489:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2007.00886.x 249:Canadian Journal of Microbiology 794:Journal of Sedimentary Research 336:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.02.020 115:for manufacturing statuary and 1095:(2d ed.). Prentice-Hall. 403:Petrology of sedimentary rocks 147:in diameter, or 4 to 8 on the 1: 954:10.1016/S0140-1963(18)31786-5 884:10.1016/S1040-6182(99)00018-X 779:10.1016/S0012-8252(98)00035-X 733:. New York: Springer-Verlag. 601:10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00044-6 108:for economic gas production. 934:Journal of Arid Environments 919:10.1016/0037-0738(83)90050-7 849:10.1016/0037-0738(74)90022-0 636:10.1016/1040-6182(90)90035-3 532:10.1016/0037-0738(95)00092-5 316:Marine and Petroleum Geology 119:. The siltstone quarried at 1093:Origin of sedimentary rocks 354:The Future of Energy Gasses 69:that is composed mostly of 2157: 967:Lillie, Robert J. (2005). 1039:10.1080/08120090701615717 203:depositional environments 44: 35: 864:Quaternary International 616:Quaternary International 585:Quaternary International 111:Siltstone was prized in 98:unconventional reservoir 67:clastic sedimentary rock 1192:Basaltic trachyandesite 1172:Alkali feldspar granite 352:David G. Howell (ed.), 661:Leeder, M. R. (2011). 587:. 68–71 (1): 199–208. 149:Krumbein phi (φ) scale 136: 1582:Banded iron formation 759:Earth-Science Reviews 134: 106:hydraulic fracturing 1031:2007AuJES..54.1057T 946:1979JArEn...2..105G 911:1983SedG...34..267P 899:Sedimentary Geology 876:1999QuInt..62....3I 841:1974SedG...12..279R 829:Sedimentary Geology 806:1969JSedR..39.1631K 771:1998ESRv...45...61A 628:1990QuInt...7...23S 593:2000QuInt..68..199N 562:1982Sedim..29...25N 524:1996SedG..103...93M 512:Sedimentary Geology 481:2007Sedim..54.1389M 400:Folk, R.L. (1980). 328:2017MarPG..83..333C 301:10.1306/05181110171 293:2012BAAPG..96..355C 268:, pp. 381–382. 219:Cheltenham Badlands 96:reservoir rock, an 32: 1938:Specific varieties 366:Shaw, Ian (2004). 137: 73:. It is a form of 2141:Sedimentary rocks 2123: 2122: 1368:Nepheline syenite 694:(6799): 981–985. 117:cosmetic palettes 56: 55: 16:(Redirected from 2148: 2065:Rapakivi granite 1777:Metamorphic rock 1564:Sedimentary rock 1433:Quartz monzonite 1141: 1134: 1127: 1118: 1106: 1078: 1077: 1057: 1051: 1050: 1025:(8): 1057–1071. 1010: 1004: 1001: 995: 989: 983: 982: 964: 958: 957: 929: 923: 922: 894: 888: 887: 859: 853: 852: 824: 818: 817: 800:(4): 1631–1633. 789: 783: 782: 754: 745: 744: 726: 720: 719: 700:10.1038/35023143 683: 677: 676: 658: 652: 646: 640: 639: 611: 605: 604: 580: 574: 573: 545: 536: 535: 507: 501: 500: 475:(6): 1389–1416. 463: 457: 456: 436: 430: 429: 427: 425: 416:. Archived from 397: 391: 390: 388: 386: 363: 357: 346: 340: 339: 311: 305: 304: 275: 269: 263: 252: 242: 61:, also known as 49: 38:Sedimentary rock 33: 21: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2119: 1933: 1877:Pseudotachylite 1771: 1558: 1490:Tephriphonolite 1148: 1145: 1113:, W. H. Freeman 1103: 1090: 1087: 1082: 1081: 1059: 1058: 1054: 1012: 1011: 1007: 1002: 998: 990: 986: 979: 966: 965: 961: 931: 930: 926: 896: 895: 891: 861: 860: 856: 826: 825: 821: 791: 790: 786: 756: 755: 748: 741: 728: 727: 723: 685: 684: 680: 673: 660: 659: 655: 647: 643: 613: 612: 608: 582: 581: 577: 547: 546: 539: 518:(1–2): 93–115. 509: 508: 504: 465: 464: 460: 438: 437: 433: 423: 421: 414: 399: 398: 394: 384: 382: 380: 365: 364: 360: 347: 343: 313: 312: 308: 277: 276: 272: 264: 255: 244:Gyöngyi Farkas 243: 239: 234: 215: 192: 129: 85:by its lack of 52: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2154: 2152: 2144: 2143: 2138: 2128: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2070:Rhomb porphyry 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1934: 1932: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1912:Talc carbonate 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 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Retrieved 368: 361: 353: 349: 344: 319: 315: 309: 284: 280: 273: 251:46(6):559-64 240: 200: 193: 157: 138: 110: 91: 79:clay mineral 62: 58: 57: 36: 1929:Whiteschist 1820:Greenschist 1800:Cataclasite 1790:Amphibolite 1717:Phosphorite 1667:Itacolumite 1592:Calcarenite 1438:Quartzolite 1373:Nephelinite 1343:Lamprophyre 1298:Harzburgite 1256:Napoleonite 1229:Charnockite 1224:Carbonatite 1214:Blairmorite 1177:Anorthosite 1111:Petrography 322:: 333–344. 176:concretions 127:Description 102:natural gas 77:with a low 2130:Categories 2095:Teschenite 2080:Shonkinite 2055:Pietersite 2050:Novaculite 1960:Borolanite 1945:Adamellite 1862:Metapelite 1830:Calcflinta 1795:Blueschist 1785:Anthracite 1767:Wackestone 1747:Travertine 1692:Lumachelle 1672:Jaspillite 1627:Diamictite 1549:Websterite 1534:Troctolite 1510:Benmoreite 1470:Shonkinite 1443:Rhyodacite 1423:Pyroxenite 1393:Peridotite 1353:Lherzolite 1328:Kimberlite 1318:Ignimbrite 1313:Icelandite 1293:Granophyre 1202:Shoshonite 1102:0136427103 1085:References 978:0393924076 870:(1): 3–9. 740:0387904301 379:0192854194 160:sandstones 63:aleurolite 18:Siltstones 2136:Siltstone 2110:Variolite 2100:Theralite 2090:Tachylite 2075:Rodingite 2045:Mangerite 2025:Larvikite 2010:Jasperoid 2005:Jadeitite 1970:Epidosite 1924:Tectonite 1917:Soapstone 1882:Quartzite 1852:Migmatite 1837:Itabirite 1815:Granulite 1757:Turbidite 1737:Sylvinite 1732:Siltstone 1722:Sandstone 1707:Oil shale 1687:Limestone 1662:Gritstone 1657:Greywacke 1652:Geyserite 1642:Evaporite 1632:Diatomite 1607:Claystone 1572:Argillite 1485:Tachylyte 1453:Comendite 1398:Phonolite 1388:Pegmatite 1363:Monzonite 1338:Lamproite 1333:Komatiite 1273:Foidolite 1234:Enderbite 1197:Mugearite 622:: 23–27. 497:129030770 424:2 October 385:2 October 232:Footnotes 225:Chek Chau 207:turbidite 172:fissility 94:tight gas 87:fissility 59:Siltstone 51:Siltstone 31:Siltstone 2085:Taconite 2060:Pyrolite 1985:Ganister 1955:Aphanite 1950:Appinite 1872:Phyllite 1857:Mylonite 1825:Hornfels 1805:Eclogite 1702:Mudstone 1677:Laterite 1637:Dolomite 1554:Wehrlite 1529:Trachyte 1522:Hawaiite 1500:Tonalite 1495:Tephrite 1448:Rhyolite 1413:Porphyry 1383:Obsidian 1268:Essexite 1219:Boninite 1209:Basanite 1167:Andesite 1047:46570542 708:10984049 221:, Canada 2105:Unakite 2035:Llanite 2000:Ijolite 1975:Felsite 1907:Suevite 1742:Tillite 1682:Lignite 1622:Coquina 1587:Breccia 1480:Syenite 1408:Picrite 1323:Ijolite 1283:Granite 1251:Diorite 1246:Diabase 1162:Adakite 1027:Bibcode 942:Bibcode 907:Bibcode 872:Bibcode 837:Bibcode 802:Bibcode 767:Bibcode 716:4417951 624:Bibcode 589:Bibcode 558:Bibcode 520:Bibcode 477:Bibcode 324:Bibcode 289:Bibcode 184:weather 141:clastic 75:mudrock 65:, is a 2015:Kenyte 1990:Gossan 1887:Schist 1847:Marble 1810:Gneiss 1712:Oolite 1577:Arkose 1475:Sovite 1465:Scoria 1418:Pumice 1378:Norite 1348:Latite 1278:Gabbro 1263:Dunite 1241:Dacite 1187:Basalt 1182:Aplite 1099:  1045:  975:  737:  714:  706:  688:Nature 669:  495:  410:  376:  196:quartz 190:Origin 1980:Flint 1902:Slate 1897:Skarn 1762:Varve 1727:Shale 1647:Flint 1602:Chert 1597:Chalk 1043:S2CID 712:S2CID 493:S2CID 168:shale 153:field 83:shale 1752:Tufa 1697:Marl 1612:Coal 1544:Tuff 1097:ISBN 973:ISBN 735:ISBN 704:PMID 667:ISBN 426:2020 408:ISBN 387:2020 374:ISBN 164:clay 100:for 71:silt 2115:Wad 1070:doi 1035:doi 950:doi 915:doi 880:doi 845:doi 810:doi 775:doi 696:doi 692:406 632:doi 620:7–8 597:doi 566:doi 528:doi 516:103 485:doi 449:doi 332:doi 297:doi 2132:: 1068:. 1066:47 1064:. 1041:. 1033:. 1023:54 1021:. 1017:. 948:. 936:. 913:. 903:34 901:. 878:. 868:62 866:. 843:. 833:12 831:. 808:. 798:39 796:. 773:. 763:45 761:. 749:^ 710:. 702:. 690:. 630:. 618:. 595:. 564:. 554:29 552:. 540:^ 526:. 514:. 491:. 483:. 473:54 471:. 447:. 445:41 443:. 350:in 330:. 320:83 318:. 295:. 285:96 283:. 256:^ 145:μm 89:. 1140:e 1133:t 1126:v 1105:. 1076:. 1072:: 1049:. 1037:: 1029:: 981:. 956:. 952:: 944:: 938:2 921:. 917:: 909:: 886:. 882:: 874:: 851:. 847:: 839:: 816:. 812:: 804:: 781:. 777:: 769:: 743:. 718:. 698:: 675:. 638:. 634:: 626:: 603:. 599:: 591:: 572:. 568:: 560:: 534:. 530:: 522:: 499:. 487:: 479:: 455:. 451:: 428:. 389:. 338:. 334:: 326:: 303:. 299:: 291:: 20:)

Index

Siltstones
Sedimentary rock

clastic sedimentary rock
silt
mudrock
clay mineral
shale
fissility
tight gas
unconventional reservoir
natural gas
hydraulic fracturing
ancient Egypt
cosmetic palettes
Wadi Hammamat

clastic
μm
Krumbein phi (φ) scale
field
sandstones
clay
shale
fissility
concretions
stratification
weather
quartz
depositional environments

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