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animals are concerned, by far the largest of the 17 European and
British breeds. The main reasons for its popularity are (i) it can be used with great success in crossbreeding for breeding of both cows with much milk and heavy weaners/oxen, (ii) its superb weight growth rate in feedlots - pure or crossed, and (iii) a strict visual inspection is compulsory for registration in the Herdbook.
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The
Simmental has historically been used for dairy and beef, and as draught animals. They are particularly renowned for the rapid growth of their young, if given sufficient feed. Simmentals provide more combined weaning gain (growth) and milk yield than any other breed. They also have lower frequency
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The traditional colouration of the
Simmental has been described variously as "red and white spotted" or "gold and white", although there is no specific standard colouration, and the dominant shade varies from a pale yellow-gold all the way to very dark red (the latter being particularly popular in
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Namibia (1893) and South Africa (1905) were the first countries outside Europe where the breed was successfully established. Here the breed is known as
Simmentaler and is mainly used for beef cattle production under suckler cow systems. The Simmentaler breeders' society is, as far as registered
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In contrast to countries which allow black and solid brown coloured
Simmental in the herdbook, Namibia and South Africa only register Simmentaler with the typical colour i.e. from dark red or brown to yellow spread over the body in any pattern with at least some white on the forehead and the
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based on the breed-name used in the official breed association names which boil down to "spotted cattle": Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia. Most of these countries use
333:: Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, France (early 1990s name change from Pie Rouge), Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland (SI-division), United Kingdom, USA, Zambia and Zimbabwe
253:, the Simmental was the most important cattle breed. Russian Simmental (Симментальская корова) accounted for one-quarter of all cattle in the USSR. Through extensive crossbreeding, six strains were developed:
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Salehi, Alireza; Rahimi, Omid; Masoumi, Mohammadreza; Dehghani, Maryam; Mostafavi Niaki, Seyedeh
Talayeh; Yazdanpanah, Tina; Nabavi, Atefeh Sadat; Mehravar, Shabnam (1 April 2023).
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the United States). The face is normally white, and this characteristic is usually passed to crossbred calves. The white face is genetically distinct from the white head of the
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considered in
Switzerland to be wholly or partly of Swiss origin. Inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively Swiss.
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Dairy type like specialised dairy breeds (referring to Swiss
Fleckvieh (code SF) with over 55% Red Holstein blood and the French Montebeliard breed);
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No other breed in the world has such a large within-breed-type variation as
Simmental-Fleckvieh which is classifiable in the following types:
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Study conducted by S.P. Miller and J.W. Wilton for the Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestsock at the University of Guelph.
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367:: A French dairy breed. Member of European Simmental Federation but not of the World Simmental-Fleckvieh Federation.
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Massmann, Peter (2014). "Visual evaluation of Simmental-Fleckvieh". Published by BAYERN-GENETIK GmbH, Munich, 2014
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In 1990, there were 12,849,800 Simmental in the USSR. In 2003, the Simmental count in Russia stood at 2,970,400.
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Among the older and most widely distributed of all breeds of cattle in the world, and recorded since the
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations / Domestic Animal Diversity Information System:
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in Switzerland. The breed is typically reddish in colour with white markings, and is raised for both
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lower-leg area, solid black or solid red animals are non-existent because they are not registered.
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breed has contributed to the creation of several other famous European breeds, including the
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Extreme beef type (suckler, comparable to specialised beef breeds like for example
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Moderate beef type (suckler, extensive ranching with moderate to small frame size);
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339:: Austria, Germany, Netherland, Spain, Switzerland (SF-division) and Uruguay
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628:– Official website of the New Zealand Simmental Cattle Breeders Association
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542:"Correlation of the breeds and dental lesions in cattle of northern Iran"
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Truly dual-purpose (all cows are milked and bulls excel in weight gain);
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622:– Official website of the American Simmental Association
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Official website of the Simmentaler in Southern Africa
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Official website of the Canadian Simmental Association
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Official website of the Danish Simmental Association
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Steppe Simmental (Russian cattle × Simmental bulls)
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
159:Purebred "Black Simmental" bull in North America
582:Visual evaluation of Simmental-Fleckvieh Cattle
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320:The breed is known under the following names
147:Traditional Simmental cow on alpine pasture (
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397:of dental lesions compared to other breeds.
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585:. Munich: Kohlmann, C., Druck und Verlag.
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
769:Cattle breeds originating in Switzerland
421:Dual purpose but major emphasis on milk;
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356:as a translation of their local name.
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507:″Simmentalskaya/Russian Federation.″
67:adding citations to reliable sources
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638:A History of the Simmental Breed
480:. Simmentaler SA. Archived from
478:"SIMMENTALER IN SOUTHERN AFRICA"
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54:needs additional citations for
620:American Simmental Association
546:Comparative Clinical Pathology
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727:Original Schweizer Braunvieh
680:Cattle breeds of Switzerland
640:– Oklahoma State University
632:Simmental Breed Information
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558:10.1007/s00580-023-03440-x
345:: South Africa and Namibia
32:Simmental (disambiguation)
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579:Massmann, Peter (2014).
509:. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
179:. It is named after the
300:Far Eastern Simmental (
232:(Germany and Austria).
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269:Central Russian Kalmyk
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626:Simmental New Zealand
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260:Ukrainian Simmental (
226:Pezzata Rossa d'Oropa
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434:, large frame size).
289:Siberian Simmental (
183:– the valley of the
63:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
325:Fleckvieh Simmental
737:Rätisches Grauvieh
732:Original Simmental
389:
379:A Swiss Simmental
275:× Simmental bulls)
264:× Simmental bulls)
262:Grey steppe cattle
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78:"Simmental cattle"
18:Simmental (cattle)
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267:Volga Simmental (
228:(Italy), and the
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278:Ural Simmental (
189:Bernese Oberland
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371:Characteristics
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52:This article
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744:or Simmental
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634:– Cattle.com
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486:. Retrieved
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365:Montbéliarde
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308:× Simmental)
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286:× Simmental)
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61:Please help
56:verification
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392:Traditional
349:Local names
343:Simmentaler
327:: Argentina
302:Transbaikal
214:Middle Ages
171:is a Swiss
488:23 January
464:References
199:and meat.
89:newspapers
723:(extinct)
706:Braunvieh
566:1618-565X
432:Charolais
382:entrecôte
363:: Italy.
354:Simmental
337:Fleckvieh
331:Simmental
230:Fleckvieh
218:Simmental
191:, in the
181:Simmental
165:Simmental
119:July 2015
763:Category
447:See also
441:Hereford
291:Siberian
280:Siberian
716:Évolène
203:History
103:scholar
711:Hérens
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401:Africa
236:Africa
216:, the
177:cattle
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410:Types
386:steak
185:Simme
173:breed
110:JSTOR
96:books
587:ISBN
562:ISSN
490:2011
304:and
293:and
282:and
271:and
197:milk
163:The
82:news
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167:or
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